US 200400040251 ay United States «2 Patent Application Publication co) Pub. No.: US 2004/0004025 AL Xuet al. (63) Pub. Date: Jan. 8, 2004 (58) DOWNFLOW CATALYTIC CRACKING G0) Foreign Application Priority Data REACTOR AND ITS APPLICATION ‘Apr. 26, 2002 (CN). 02116925. Mat. 11, 2003 (CN) (03119556.3 (73) Inventors: Kejin Xu, Beijing (CN); Shuandi Hou, Mare 11,2003 (CN) (031198571 jun Long, Beijing (CN); Sate pace mee (on Publication Classification hun Zhang, Beijiog (CN), GI) Int. cl? C106 11/00; BOL) 8108 Phang, Beijing (CN); 62) US.CL ows; 422/213; 422/214 Songnian Li, Beijing (CN); Xuefeng = Fae ‘Wu, Beijing (CN); Jun He, Beijing 6) s (Ny) A downllow catalytic eracking reavtor, comprising: one oF more catalyst delivery pipes, reactor top eover, one or more Correspondence Address: feed nozzles, reactor vessel, downflow reaction pipe, the GRE BLUM & BERNS "upper enc! of the reaction vessel is close connected with top 1950 ROLAND CLARKE E ‘cover along the direction of circumference; the bottom ofthe RESTON, VA 20191 (US) reactor vessel is close connected with the outer wall of the dlownflow reaction pipes the upper section of the downflow (73) Assignees: CHINA. PETROLEUM & CHEMI. reaction pipe locates inside the reactor vessel, while the CAL CORPORATION, Beijing (CN), lower section extends from the bottom of the reactor vessel, RESEARCH INSTITUTE, OF feed nozzle locates on the top cover andior side wal of the PETROLEUM PROCESSING reactor vessel with the outlet ofthe Feed nozzle being above SINOPEC, Beijing (CN) the inlet of downilow reaction pipe; catalyst delivery pipe is fixedly jointed with the reactor vessel and communicated (21) Appl Nos 101421,785 With catalyst lifting zone formed by the reactor vessel and the dowaflow reaction pipe. Besides, the present invention (22) File! ‘Apr 24, 2003 also provides the use of tbe reactor,Patent Application Publication —_ Jan. 8, 2004 Sheet 1 of 13 US 2004/0004025 ALPatent Application Publication —_ Jan. 8, 2004 Sheet 2 of 13 US 2004/0004025 ALcation Publication — Jan. 8, 2004 Sheet 3 of 13 US 2004/0004025 ALPatent Application Publication Jan. 8, 2004 Sheet 5 of 13 US 2004/0004025 AL NLT we 3 al 7 | 2 Zz Di 2 a 7 Ty SI \ }—}- | < 2 t Ss a2 [| a [I 1 er de 4 “I i x \ 2 oy | 3 Do D Fig. 5US 2004/0004025 AL Jan. 8, 2004 Sheet 6 of 13 Patent Application Publication Fig. 6Patent Application Publication Jan. 8, 2004 Sheet 7 of 13 US 2004/0004025 AL 17 3. 4 16 (MSPatent Application Publication —_ Jan. 8, 2004 Sheet 8 of 13 US 2004/0004025 ALPatent Application Publication —_ Jan. 8, 2004 Sheet 9 of 13 US 2004/0004025 ALPatent Application Publication —_ Jan. 8, 2004 Sheet 10 of 13. US 2004/0004025 A1 Dt 8 \ i 9 a s 1 a zl Di =| ah + VA : a d f af | 2 di Fig. 10Patent Application Publication Jan. 8, 2004 Sheet 11 of 13 US 2004/0004025 A1Patent Application Publication —_ Jan. 8, 2004 Sheet 12 of 13 US 2004/0004025 A1 Fig. 12Patent Application Publication —_ Jan. 8, 2004 Sheet 13 of 13. US 2004/0004025 A1US 2004/0004025 AL DOWNFLOW CATALYTIC CRACKING REACTOR ‘AND ITS APPLICATION FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] ‘The present invention relates to & reactor for the catalytic cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons in the absence fof hydrogen, in particular it relaes to a downllow catalytic cracking reactor and its application, [0002] Description of the Prior Art [0003] Along with the development of economy, the ‘demand in the whole world for vebiele fuels and light olefins is continually increasing, The development of deep process- ing of heavy cils for increasing the supply of light oils and light olefins will be a significant developing strategy of the refinery industry in 21° century. Catalytic eracking process has the advantages of wide adaptability to the feedstock, hhigh conversion depth of heavy oil, and high olefin content in the produced LPG, therefore il is the most important technology for the secondary processing of heavy oils. The catalytic cracking units are large in scale, and needs less investment, o they are the support for the economic benefit of all refineries in the world. The improvement of the product distribution and prociuet selectivity of the catalytic cracking process is very important for raising the economic benefit and competitive ability of an enterprise on the market, $0 itis a target all refineries pursuing with great ellos [0004] Because the value of petrochemical products is ‘much higher than that of refinery products, the integration of | oil refining and chemical indusity is an elective way for effectively ulilizing resources and raising the economic benefit of refineries, and also a developing trend of the worldwide oil-refining industry nowadays. In recent years, since the demand for propylene is increasing rapidly, 10 increase the yield of propylene by the FCC process is paid great attention all over the world. [0005] ‘The yield of light olefins in the produets of FCC process can be increased by using the conditions of a high temperature, a high catalysvoil ratio and an appropri catalyst ina vser catalytic cracking reactor. Ina riser reactor, the hydrocarbon oil feedstock is hard to fully atomize and ‘vaporize in time when sprayed into the dense catalyst bed at the bottom of the riser through the nozzle. A longer reaction time is needed to convert all the feedstock with an adequate depth and proclice more light olefins. Meanwhile, there exists rather severe backmixing since the catalyst flows ‘against the direction of gravity in the riser. In such a reaction environment, more dry gas and coke are also produced when most of the heavy oil is eracked, which will reduce the yield of the products with higher adked values such as light il and LPG. [0006] In a downflow pipe reactor, since oiligas and the catalyst flow along the direction of gravity in nearly a plug Tow and therefore the backmixing is very litle. The low- ering of the backmixing extent makes the coke deposited on the catalyst decrease and therefore favors the increase in the catalyst activity and selectivity 10 the products with high added value. Well-known companies such as Exxon, Mobil, UOP, Stone & Webster, ete, have developed dowallow reactors of their own early of late since 1980s 0 increase the product selectivity of the FCC or eatalytic pyrolysis process and applied for a series of patents. Jan. 8, 2004 [0007] USS. Pat, No. 4,514,285 discloses a catalytic erack~ ing reaction system with a downflow pipe and a riser for the regeneration of catalyst in dilute phase. After regeneration of the catalyst in the dilute phase riser, ue gas is removed in a degassing tank to increase the density of the catalyst ‘Catalyst in the degassing tank enters the downflow reacting pipe through the catalyst distibutor plate, The feed oil is Sprayed into the downllow reaction pipe along the radial direction through nozzles from annular distributor and ‘brought into contact with the freely falling catalyst 10 ‘conduct the cracking reaction in the downllow reaction pipe. ‘The conversion of heavy oils inthis kind of downflow pipe reactor is rather low bectuse the concentration of the cata- Iyst isquite low when the bydroearbon feed initially contacts the catalyst and thereby the oil/catalyst contact efficiency is not ideal [0008] USS. Pat. No. 5,296,131 diseloses a downilow pipe reactor. In this reactor, the regenerated catalyst flows out through the gap between the core and seat of a cone plug lve, forming an annular “curtain”. The feed oil is sprayed long the radial direction onto the catalyst “curtain” from the nozzles uniformly atranged under the cone surface along the cumnference and brought into contact with the catalyst in 44 form of cross flowing, and then enters the downflow rwactor to carry out reaction, Although this downilow reactor has strengthened the mixing between the feed oil and the catalyst through the cross-flow contact, the conversion ofthe heavy oil isnot sulicient because the hydrocarbon oil feed siill contacts the free-falling catalyst, the concentration of | the catalyst in this reactor is sil low, and the quantity of the sive center which can contact feed oil effectively is very limited [0009] US. Pat, No. 5,462,652 discloses an ultra short Time contact catalytic cracking provess, ie. MSCC. In this process, the catalyst flows downwards in a form of a curtain, and the petroleum hydrocarbon is transversally sprayed onto the curtain of the catalyst, Feed oil and the catalyst hori= zontally penetrate the reaction zone, and carry out reaction atthe same time. After the reaction, the oilcatalyst mixture is rapidly separated. A part of the stripped catalyst dircetly| centers the eitalyst mixer without regeneration and mixes with the regenerated catalyst to raise the catalystoil ra Although this process raises the concentration ofthe catalyst in the intial catalysoil contact section o a certain extent by increasing the ealalysil ratio, there sill exists the problem of low efficiency of the catalyStoil contact and insuiicient ‘conversion of heavy oils because the concentration of the free falling catalyst can not attain the level needed for an adequate conversion of heavy oils [0010] CN1265937A discloses a canalar reactor wherein the downflow pipe is coaxially installed inside the riser. In this reactor there are two schemes for the location at which hydrocarbon ol feed is sprayed into the catalyst bed. In the first scheme, the nozzles are located on the sidewall of the riser, the ouilets of the nozzles are below the inlet of the ddownllow pipe, and the hydrocarbon oil feed is sprayed into the annular catalyst rising zone between the riser and the dowallow pipe through the nozzles, brought into contact ‘with the eatalyst o carry out reaction while rising othe inlet ‘of the downflow pipe, and then flows into tbe dowallow pipe and reacts while concurrently flowing downwards with the catalyst. In the second scheme, the nozzles extrude into the sdownflow pipe and spray the hydrocarbon oil feed into theUS 2004/0004025 AL downflow pipe and bring it into contact with the free-falling catalyst. Although the first scheme can raise the catalyst concentration inthe initial contact zone and thereby raise the catalystioil contact efficiency, the heated hydrocarbon oil would inevitably be sprayed onto the outer surface of the downflow pipe, and at the same time, there exists rather severe backmixing in the annulae zone where feed oil contacts the catalyst initially, thereby leading to serious ‘coking of heavy oils on the wall of the downflow pipe ia the ccanular and an abnormal operation, In the second scheme, the catalysvoil contact efficiency and the conversion of hneavy oils are not high because the hydrocarbon oil is sill sprayed onto ancl concurrently contact the Free Falling enta- Ist with low-concentration. [0011] CN1275434A discloses a catalyst inet deviee suit- able for the gas-solid concurrent downflow bed reactor. The character of this reactor is that its outer shell is coaxially installed with the main body of the dowaflow bed reactor, the top part of the outer shell isa turbulent mixing zone of | the gas-solid two phases, the inlet of the earrce gas is located ‘onthe side wall below the inlet of the dowailow pipe react the cartier gas blows the catalyst in the annular catal pre-lfting zone between the outer shell and the downilow pipe into the turbuleat mixing zone of the gas-solid two phases in the top part of the outer shell, and then into the dowallow reactor. The hydrocarbon oil fed i sprayed into the downflow pipe through the nozzle and contacts the catalyst in a dilute phase state. Although this catalyst inlet vice enables the catalyst to be distributed more uniformly in he downilow pipe, it cannot raise the concentration af the catalyst in the dowaflow pipe, and therefore the oi/catalyst Contact efficiency and the conversion of heavy oils are still low. [0012] In summary, there commonly exist 2 series of problems in the prior arts such as low oil/catalyst contact efficiency, low conversion of heavy oils, and coking inside the reactor. So far, the report has not been seen about the downflow reactor that can properly solve the aforesaid problems and has good reaction performance. ‘SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0013] One object of the present invention is to provide a downllow catalytic cracking reactor with high oilcatalyst contact efficiency and good reaction performance based on the prior ants. [0014] Another object of the present invention is to pro- vide the use of the aforesaid dowaflow reactor for catalytic cracking, catalytic pyrolysis, and catalytic thermal pyrolysis. [0015] ‘The downflow catalytic eracking reactor provided by the present invention comprises the following compo- nents: catalyst delivery pipe (I), reactor top cover (2), feed nozzle @), reactor vessel (6), downflow reaction pipe (9), the upper end of the reactor vessel is elose connected with top cover (2) along the direction of circumference; the bottom ofthe reactor vessel is close connected with the outer wall ofthe downflow reaction pipe; the upper section of the dowallow reaction pipe locates inside the reactor vessel, while the lower section extends from the bottom of the reactor vessel; feed nozzle (3) locates on the top cover (2) and/or side wall ofthe reactor vessel (6) with the outlet of the feed nozzle being ahove the inlet of downflow reaction pipe; catalyst delivery pipe (1) is fixedly jointed with the Jan. 8, 2004 reactor vesse! and communicated with catalyst lifting zone (7) formed by the reactor vessel and the downflow reaction pipe. [0016] By locating feed nozzle (3) on the top cover (2) ‘andior side wall of the reactor vessel (6) with the outlet of the feed nozzle being above the inlet of downilow reaction pipe, the downllow extalytic cracking reactor provided by the present invention creates advantageous conditions for the atomization of petroleum hydrocarbons, which will make the feed oil in this downflow reactor atomized more sufliciently and enhance the oiliatalyst contact efficiency, tnd therefore more large molecules in the heavy oil ean be cracked. As a result, the yields of produets with high added ‘values such as light oil and LPG increased obviously. [0017] Preferably, iting medium distributor is equipped At the botiom of said catalyst lifting zone. By means of regulating the amount of the injected lifting medium, the ‘concentration ofthe catalyst bed can be controlled within a desirable range, and therefore provide sufficient active cen- petroleum hydrocarbons and Tor heavy oils [0018] | Preferably, inner components such as orifice plates, shutter grids, or packing layers, ete are equipped in the catalyst ling zone. These inner components o packing can break the large bubbles within the dense bed to prevent these bubbles from throwing the catalyst to the zone above the inlet of the downflow pipe when they break at the bed surface and affecting the atomization of the hydrocarbon feed. This also favors the formation of a relatively steady level surface of the catalyst, makes the catalyst enter the downllow pipe in a state of relatively stable gas-soid two phases to suppress the Huctuation of the eatalyst concentra tion in the downflow pipe reactor and the backmixing ofthe catalyst in the zone near the inlet of the downllow pipe, and therefore can decrease coke on the catalyst and improve the yields of products with high value. Besides, when packing is ‘equipped in the catalyst lifting zone, the residence time of the catalyst in the catalyst lifting zone is shortened, so that the reduction in the eatalyst activity resulted from the long lime contact of the eatalyst with the lifting medium (gener ally itis Steam) at a high temperature can be avoided. [0019] Preferably, coking-preventing steam distributor is ‘equipped near the nozzles of the hydrocarbon ols to prevent the oils from sever coking on the wall of reactor vessel shove the inlet of the downllow pipe and raise the reliability ‘OF the operation of the FCC waits [0020] Preferably, a guide cone is equipped below reactor {op cover and the guide cone is fixedly jointed with the top ‘cover 10 shorten the residence time of oil/gas in the zone above the inlet of the downflow pipe, alleviate the back= mixing of oil/gas, and thereby suppress some harmful rea tions such as thermal eracking, overeracking of the prod vats, ete [0021] Preferably, an inlet structure of the downllow pipe ‘with reduced and extended diameters is equipped to elimi= nate the pheaomenon ofthe catalyst lowing daa along the side wall of the downllow reaction pipe, and thereby cnable the catalyst concentration to distabuie more uniformly ‘throughout the cross-section of the dowaflow reaction pipe, and raise the consistency of the reaction condition in the downflow reaction pipe.US 2004/0004025 AL [0022] Preferably, multiple regenerated catalyst delivery pipes are equipped symmetrically, thereby can prevent the catalyst from deviated flow in the catalyst lifting zone, make the activity of the catalyst which contacts the feed at the bed surface of the catalyst lifting zone more uniform. Because these delivery pipes can share a single valve for controlling the low rate of the regenerated catalyst, the adoption of | multiple cegenerated catalyst delivery pipes in the present invention would not inerease the difficulty in controlling the flow rate of tbe regenerated catalyst. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS [0023] FIGS. 1-11 are the schematic diagrams of the lownllow catalytic eracking reactor provided by the present invention [0024] FIGS. 12-13 are the schematic flow diagrams ofthe reactor provided by the present invention ia the reaction- regeneration system of the catalytic cracking units DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0025] ‘The characters of the structure of the downtlow rector provided by tbe present invention will be further illustrated in combination with the reactor models listed in drawings 1-11, but the present invention is not thus limited in any aspect [0026] As shown in FIG. 1, downtlow reaction pipe 9 is ccouxially insalled with reactor vessel 6 along the vertical direction; the upper end of the reactor vessel is close jointed with top cover 2 along the direction of circumference; chamber 5 formed by the zone above the inlet of the downflow reaction pipe in the reactor vessel is used as feed ftomization chamber, and the bottom of the reactor vessel is close jointed with the outer wall of the dowaflow reaction pipe; ine upper section of the downllow reaction pipe locates inside the reactor vessel, while the lower section extends from the bottom of the reactor vessel feed nozzle 3 locates ‘on top cover 2; catalyst delivery pipe 1 is preferably fixedly jointed with the reactor vessel along the direction of radial for tangent and communicated with catalyst lifting zone 7 formed by the reactor vessel andthe downflow reaction pipe "The inner diameter of downllow reaction pipe 9 is D and its length is 3-S0D, preferably 440D. Reactor vessel 6 is coaxially installed with downllow reaction pipe 9 and the diameter of reactor vessel 6 Do=1.5-6 D, preferably 2-5D. The present invention has no special requisemeat on the set-up of the catalyst delivery pipe, which can be designed according fo tbe conventional standard for the catalytic cracking units. For example, the diameter of the catalyst delivery pipe d3=0.5-1.2D, the height difference from the cross point of its central line with reactor vessel 6 to the bottom of the reactor vessel h0a(05-5D, and angle between the catalyst delivery pipe and the vertical direction y is not greater than 45°, The present invention has no special requirement on the model of reactor top cover 2, it may be any selected from the group consisting of flanged bead, ished head, anged and dished head, elliptical dished head, torispherical head, elliptical sphere bead, fat plate head, hemispherical head, flanged and conical dished head, run= cated cone head, flanged and reverse conical head, and inward sunken shell cover. Nozzles 3 ean be uniformly and symmetrically distributed on top cover 2 along the direction Jan. 8, 2004 ‘of cireumference and the direct spray ofthe hydrocarbon oil feed onto the side wall of atomization chamber § should be avoided as much as possible. The number of the nozzles is 41-24, preferably 2-20, and most preferably 3-18; the distance from the outlet of the nozzle to the ialet of the downlow pipe br may be 0.3-5D, preferably 0.5-4D, aod most prefer- ably 06-8; the angle between the central line of each nozzle and the vertical direction f=0-45°, preferably O- 30°, Height from the inlet of downllow reaction pipe 910 the bottom of the reactor vessel L may be 2-12D. Preferably, lifting medium distributor 8 locates at the bottom of the aforesaid catalyst lifting zone, it may be selected from the {288 distribution plate or gos distribution pipe. If the gas distribution pipe issclected asthe lifting medium distributor, it may be one layer or multiple layers, wherein at least one layer locates at the bottom of ealalyst lifting zone 7, [0027] As shown in FIG. 2, the difference between, ‘structure and that in FIG, 1 lies in: guide cone 4 is equipped below reactor top cover 2 and the guide cone is fixedly jointed with top cover 2, it ean also be a part ofthe cover 2 iE the cover 2 is a inward sinking shell cover. The bottom diameter of the cone D«l.25-3.5D, cone angle @=60-120°, vertical distance from the cone top to the inlet of the dowallow pipe hi can be determined according to the integral structure ofthe reactor, the properties ofthe feed oil, ‘and the desired atomization effect ofthe feed, e.g. it may be -LSD. One or multiple layer orifice plates are equipped catalyst lifting zone 7 between downflow reaction pipe 9 tnd reactor vessel 6. The area of all the holes on the orifice plate is 15-50%, preferably 20-4006 of the area of the orifice plate; the height difference between the upper face of the ‘orifice plate and the inlet of the dowallow reaction pi may be 0.2-1.SD, preferably 0.5-1D. Besides, eoking-pre- venting steam distributor 14 is preferably equipped under {op cover 2 and the setting-up method thereof is the same as that for the coking-preveni ventional catalytic cracking reactor, ©-g. coiled pipe distribu tors can be used to distribute the coking-preventing steam, [0028] FIG. 3 is another embodiment of the reactor pro= vided by the present invention. The difference between the reactors shown in FIGS. 3 and 1 lies in that coking preventing steam inlet pipe 17 is equipped on top cover 2; ‘coking-preventing steam nozzle 16 is equipped on the side ‘wall of the upper part of guide cone 4. Besides, orifice plates are also equipped in catalyst lifting zone 7 ie this sieueture. [0029] FIGS. 4 and § are also the schematic diagrams of the reactors provided by the preseal invention. AS shovn in FIGS. 4 and 5, reactor vessel of the reactor may adopt the design of a varied diameter withthe upper part being thick and the lower part being thin. Diameter of the lower section fof the reactor vessel Do=2-SD, length Ll=1.5-8D. Ther ‘liameter reduced section 22 between the upper section and the lower section ofthe reactor vessel, the diameter of its top rim d2=1.5-4D, diameter of the upper section of the reactor vessel d2=1-5-4D, and its length [2=1-4D. Nozzles 3 ane symmetrically installed on the top cover along the direction ‘of ciecumference and the dreet spray ofthe hydrocarbon cil feed onto the wall of atomization chamber § should be avoided as much as possible, Coking-preveating steam inlet 17is installed on op cover2. Guide cone 4 is fixedly jointed with top cover 2. The diameter of the bottom of the guide cone Di=1.25-3D, and cone angle ©=60-120°. Coking~ preventing steam nozzle 16 is installed on the side wall of|US 2004/0004025 AL the upper part ofthe guide cone. The structure ofthe inet of | the downflow pipe may be a diameter reduced and diameter extended model consisting of diameter reduced section 18, cylinder section 19, and diameter extended section 20, The present invention has no special requirement on the desiga Of this inlet structure as long as the uniformity of the distribution of the oil/eatalyst mixture in the dowallow reaction pipe is somewhat improved, For example, diameter of the top rim of diameter reduced section 18 Di-0.9-1.2D, cone angle al=60-120%; diameter of cylinder section 19 «d=0.6-0.9D and length h3=0.2-0.6D; cone angle of diameter extended section 20et2=30-60F; height difference between the upper rim of diameter reduced section 18 and the come top of guide cone 4 h1=0.2-1.5D; height difference between the outlet of nozzle 3 and the upper rim of diameter reduced section 18 he03-SD. An ancular shutter grid canbe equipped in catalyst lifting zone 7. For example, height difference between the upper rim of the grid and the upper tim of the diameter reduced section of the downflow pipe inlet structuce h2=0.3-1.2D and outer diameter of the grid dl is 0:02-0.05D smaller than the inner diameter of the upper section of the reactor vessel. The present invention has no special requirement on the grid plate, e.g. angle of each grid to the horizontal direction }=0-00°; distance between two ‘adjacent grids 4=0.01-005D; height of the annular grid 1h6-0.08-0-4D. The vertical distance from the upper sim of | the inlet reduced section of dawaflow reaction pipe 18 tthe bottom of the reactor vessel is preferably 2-12D. [0030] It should be specially pointed out that catalyst Aelivery pipe 1 described in the present invention is prefer- ably fixedly jointed with the reactor vesscl along the tangent fr radial direction of reactor vessel 6 and communicated ‘with catalyst lifting 2one 7 formed by the reactor vessel and the downflow reaction pipe. Catalyst delivery pipe 1 can be fixedly jointed with one side of the reactor vessel and ‘communicated with catalyst lifting zone 73s shown in FIGS, 1S; ican also be fixedly jointed with two sides of reactor vessel 6 symmetrically as shown in FIGS. 6-10 and com- ‘municated with catalyst lifting zone 7 respectively through the two sides of the reactor vessel; it can still be fixedly jointed with multiple sides of reactor vessel symmetrically as shown in FIGS. 6-10 and communicated with catalyst lifting zone 7 respectively through mullple joints of the reactor vessel, Therefore, the numberof the catalyst delivery pipe that fixedly jointed with the reactor vessel may be one, {wo or multiple [0031] _As shown in FIG. 6, catalyst delivery pipe Lean be fixedly jointed with two sides of the reactor vessel sym- ‘metrically and communicated with catalyst lilting zone 7 respectively through the two sides of the reactor vessels Orifice plate 15 is equipped in catalyst lifting zone 7. Nozzles 3 are uniformly and symmetrically distributed on top cover 2 along the direction ofthe circumference, aad the direct spray of the hydrocarbon oil feedstock onto the wall of atomization chamber § should be avoided 3s much as possible. Coking-preventing steam distributor 14 and guide cone 4 are equipped under top cover 2, Guide cone 4 is fixedly jointed with top cover 2 [0032] FIGS. 7 and 8 arc the schematic diagrams of | another embodiment. As shown in FIGS, 7 and 8, the lower section of the reactor vessel can be designed as a cone. Cone angle of the cone 0 is preferably 10-45° and height hO is preferably 1.5-8D. Diameter of the upper section of the Jan. 8, 2004 reactor vessel D0=2-SD and height b8+0.5-4D. Nozzles 3 are uniformly and symmetrically equipped! on top cover 2 along the direction of the circumference and the direct spray ‘of the hydrocarbon oil feedstock onto the wall of atomiza- tion chamber $ should be avoided as much as possible. ‘Coking-preventing steam inlet pipe 17 is equipped on top ‘cover 2. Top cover 2 is fixedly jointed with guide cone 4. ‘Coking: preventing steam nozzle 16 is equipped on the upper side wall of guide cone 4. The inlet of downflow reaction pipe 9 includes diameter reduced section 18, evlinder 19, and diameter extended section 20. The present invention has no special requirement on the design of the inlet structure as Jong as the uniformity of the distribution of the oil/eatalyst mixture in the downflow reaction pipe can be somewhat improved. Annular shutter grid 28 is equipped in catalyst lifting zone 7. The grid can be composed of coaxial short cylinders or teuncated-cones with any cone angle. [0033] FIGS. 9 and 10 ace also the schematic diageams of| the reactor provided by the present invention, As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the reactor vessel of the reactor is eom= posed of two truneated-cones, the diameter of the lower truneated-cone’s lower rim Db may be 1.25-2.5D, the cone angle of the lower truncated-cone BO may be 10-45°, the diameter ofthe upper iruncated-cone's upper rim Di may be 2-4D. Height from the inlet of dawaflow reaction pipe 9 10 the bottom of the reactor vessel L may be 2-12D. Nozzles 3 ‘ae uniformly and symmetrically equipped on the sidewall ‘of upper truncated-cone along the direction of the circum ference and preferably the central line of nozzle is vertical to the sidewall, the angle between the central line of each nozzle and the vertical dection fi0-60", preferably B15 45°, height dilference between the outlet of nozzle 3 and the ‘upper rim of diameter reduced section 18 h=0.3-5D, direct spray of the hydrocarbon oil feed onto the wall of atomi tion chamber $ should be avoided as much as possible. The Catalyst delivery pipe 1 is symmetrically and fixedly jointed “with two sides ofthe reactor vessel and communicated with catalyst lifting zone 7 through the two sides of the reactor ‘vessel, Top cover 2 is an inward sunken shell cover, it is fixedly jointed with the upper rim of the upper truncated= ‘cone, aad the top cover 2 itself also forms a guide cone in the chamber 8. Coking-preventing steam distributor 14 is ‘equipped under the upper truncated-cone of reactor vessel ‘The inlet structure of downflow reaction pipe 9 includes diameter reduced section 18, cylinder 19, and diameter extended section 20. The present invention has no special requirement on the design ofthe inlet structure as long as the uniformity of the distribution of the oilicatalyst mixture in the downllow reaction pipe can be somewhat improved, Annular shutter grid 25 is equipped in the upper part of the ‘atalyst ling zone 7, It can be composed of coaxial annular plates or short truncated-cones with any cone angle. [0034] Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. I. As it shows, reactor top cover 2 is truneated-cone and the cone angle had better be 10-90", preferably 20-75". Feed nozzles 3 are equipped right above the top cover, and the vertical distance from the lower end ‘of the nozzles 10 the inlet of the downflow pipe may be 0.3.5D, preferably 0.5-4D, where D is the inner diameter of| the downflow reaction pipe. The inner diameter of the ddownilow reaction pipe may be determined by the amount of | the treated feedstock and the adequate value is the one that allows the apparent velocity to be controlled at 3-30 mis. It is preferable that coking-preventing steam distributor 1US 2004/0004025 AL equipped near feed nozzles 3 to prevent the hydrocarbon oil {eed from coking on the inner wall of atomization chamber 8. The present invention has no strict requirement on the Torm of the coking-preventing steam disteibutor, eg. it may iniroduce the coking-preventing steam into the orifice pl ‘or coil pipe gas distributor through steam pipe 17 and uniformly distribute the coking-preventing steam to the region around the feed aozzles at the top. The present invention can also prevent the formation of big bubbles above the catalyst lifting zone by setting packing zone 26 in this zone as shown in FIG, 11. The present invention has no Sirict requirement on the height of the packing zone and the type of the packing. Either a regular packiag or + random packing can be used but a regular packing is preferred ‘Nertical height of the packing zone h6 may be 0.1-2 times of | the inner diameter of the downilow pipe, preferably O2-1.5 times, and most preferably 0.3-1 times. The material for ‘manufacturing the packing should be thermodurie and antia- brasive, such as ceramics, thermoduric alloy steel coated with corundum on the surface, ete. To prevent the packing from being swept away into the downflow pipe or slipping into the lower part ofthe catalyst lifting zone, itis preferable that orifice plates or grids are set onto the upper face and the lower face of the packing zone to fix the packing. Also, the materials for manufacturing the orifice plate or grids sre preferably thermocrie and antiabrasive, Vertical distance from the upper face of the packing zone to the upper enkl of | the downflow pipe h2 may be 0.2.3 times of the inner diameter of the downllow pipe, preferably 03-25 times, and ‘most preferably 0.5-2 times. Reactor vessel 6 may either be cylinder, or a body with varied diameter as shown in the above Figure, ©, a body having an upper eylinder and a lower cone as shown in FIG. 11. The vertical height of the reactor vessel 6 is preferably 2-12 times of the inner diam= ter of the downflow reaction pipe, preferably 2.5-10 times, and most preferably 3-8 times. Said catalyst delivery pipe 1 Tor delivering the regenerated catalyst to the pre-lifing 2one ff the reactor may be a single pipe, bul preferably is symmetrically divided into two or multiple ways after the slide valve in the main delivery pipe as shown in FIG, 13 0 deliver the regenerated catalyst to the catalyst lilting zone so that the velocity distibution of the catalyst throughout the annular cross section of the catalyst lilting zone is more uniform. Regenerated catalyst delivery pipe 1 is fixedly jinted with the reactor vessel along the radial or tangent dicection of reactor vessel 6. The total length of downllow pipe 9 may be any value between 3 and 50 times of the janet diameter of the downflow pipe, preferably between 4 and 40 times, and most preferably 5-30 times. Height at which the dovallow pipe locates inside the catalyst lilting zone L=2- 12, preferably L=25-10D, and most preferably L=3-SD. Pre-lifting medium distributor 8 locates atthe bottom of the catalyst lifting zone as shown in FIG. 11. The present invention has no strict requirement on the structure of the distributor and all the pee-lifting medium distributors that are commonly used in this field such as distribution plate, distribution pipe, ete can be used. [0035] The use of the dowallow reactor provided by the present invention will further be deseribed below in com- bination with FIGS. 12 and 13. [0036] As shown in FIG. 12, in the reaction-regeneration system of a catalytic cracking unit, the high temperature regenerated catalyst enters catalyst lifting zone 7 formed by reactor vessel 6 and the upper section of downflow reaction Jan. 8, 2004 pipe 9 through regenerated catalyst delivery pipe 1. lifting medium such as steam andor dry gas, ete enters the annvlar Zone through lifting medium dlstibutor 8, the proper flow ‘ate of which medion i such tha the concentration ofthe catalyst bed in the annular zone is retained at 100-500 ky The preheated petroleum hydrocarbon is sprayed into feed atomization chamber 8 though feed nozzle 3 Since the concentration ofthe catalyst in the atomization chamber i extromely low, the atomized fine drops of the petcoleum hydrocarbon can penetrate the dilute phase space in the atomization chamber and easily be sprayed onto the eatalyst dense phase atthe top of catalyst lifting zone 7, conacting, the high temperature tegencrated catalyst snl apy vapore izing and reacting. The catalyst that has already contacted the petroleum hydrocarbon congregates towards the inlet of, dlownllow ecaction pipe 9 and finally falls nt the downto’ reaction pipe. Olgas and the catalyst fully contact each other in the dowanllow pipe and contiaue to react. Alter prelimiaary separation of the mixture ofthe reaction oigas fod the catalyst theough gassolid rapid separator 10, the catalyst in which a certain amount of coke has accumulated falls nto stripper HL, while the produeted oil vapou/gas, lifting medium and steam for atomizing ate introduced into the subsequent separation system for treatment after remov- ing the entrained catalyst paces. Aller strippiog with seam in the siripper, the used catalyst is intoduced into regeneration system 13 through spent catalyst transporting pipe 12 for cogeneration by burning coke, andthe eegener ted catalyst is introduced into the reactor through catalyst delivery pipe I for eeyele use. Besides, in order to prevent te produced ol vapour/aas irom coking onthe inner wall of the top cover, the eoking-preventing steam is sprayed from the Steam coil below reactor top cover 2 [0037] The process flow shown in FIG. 13 differs from that show in FIG, 12 in that the catalyst from regeneration system 13 symmetrically enters catalyst lifting zone 7 formed by reactor vessel 6 and the upper section of down= flow reaction pipe 9 theough two-way catalyst delivery pipe 1, and the lifting medium such as steam, andjor dry gas, ete, clers this annuiar zone through lifting medium distributor '8. The catalyst inthe annular zone flows upwards under the action of the lifling gas, and comes into contact with the hyclrocasbon feed oil that has been sprayed out from nozzle 3 and fully atomized in feed atomization chamber 8 after penetrating orifice plate 15 in the catalyst lifting zone. The catalyst that has contacted the hydrocarbon il feed con~ ‘verges towards the inlet of downflow reaction pipe, aod finaly falls into the downflow reaction pipe. The other part of the process flow is the same as that shown in FIG. 1 [0038] ‘The downllow reactor provided by the present invention and the catalytic cracking and catalytic pyrolysis, processes using this reactor have no special requirement on the adopled catalyst, and any catalyst suilable for catalytic cracking, field can be used in the present invention, For ‘example, the active component ofthe catalyst may be one or more selected from the group consisting of Y-type, HTY-type, ‘of USY-type zeolite, P-zeolile, ZSM-S-zeolite or other high silica zeolites having a pentasl stricture containing or not containing rare earths. [0039] ‘The major operation conditions of the downflow reactor provided by the present invention are as follows: the temperature at the outlet of the downflow pipe reactor is 450-700" C,, preferably 480-650" C., and most preferablyUS 2004/0004025 AL 490-580” C. the eatalystoil rato is 3-40, preferably 5-35, and most preferably 6-30, the oi/catalyst contact time inthe downflow reaction pipe is 0.1-3 5, preferably 02-2 s, and ‘most preferably 0.31 8. [0040] Resides, the steam for atomizing the feed amounts to 3.20% by weight ofthe total feeding capacity, preferably 4.25%; the coking-preventing steam injected into the feed atomization chamber amounis to 0-30% by weight of the total feeding capacity, preferably 3.25%; the lifting medium (team or dey #28) amounts to 2-30% by weight ofthe total ceding capacity, preferably 3-259, The reaction pressure (absolute) is 0.05-0.3 MPs, preferably 0.07-0.2 MPa. [0041] ‘The present invention has no special restriction on the property of the feed oil, and any hydrocarbon feedstocks suitable For catalytie cracking process can be the feedstock of this downflow reactor such as atmospheric resid, vacuum ‘esi, vacuum 05 oil, deasphalted oil, coker gas oi hydro- genative end cut oil, gasoline fraction, diesel oil Traction, or ‘mixtures of two or more of above hydrocarbon oils. [0042] ‘The following four examples anc) comparative ‘examples will further illusrate the present invention but will ‘not exert any restriction om i EXAMPLES Comparative Example [0043] The three comparative examples are tbe experi= ‘menial results derived from the experiments with a catalytic cracking pilot plant using the dowallow reactor disclosed in US. Pat. No, 5,296,131 [0044) ‘The capacity of this pilot plant was 0.24 Vd. The ‘experiment proceduce was as follows; afer being prebeated in a furnace, the feed oil was injected into the upper section of the dowaflow ceactor through the highly efficient atom- izing nozle aod brought into contact with the high tem= perature catalyst from the regenerator to conduct reaction, The oil/gas was rapidly separated from the catalyst after passing through the downflow reactor and introduced into the subsequent separation system through the transfer Tine Tor product separation, The spent catalyst afler reaction Was Siripped wih steam, and then introduced into the regenerator for regeneration by burning coke, and the regenerated cata- lyst was fed to the reactor for recycle use. Various products rived in the experiment were metered and analyzed [0045] The properties of the tree fed oils used in the three comparative examples are shown in Table 1. The catalyst used in Comparative Example |i produced by the gst Plant of Lanvhou Oil Refinery & Chemical Works with the trade mark of LY-23, The catalysts used in Com- parative Examples 2 and 3 are produced by the Clalyst Pian of Gitu Petrochemical Filial of SINOPEC with teade marks of CRP-1 and CEP respectively, the propetics of ‘which are shonin Table 2, The major operation condition, Pret distribution, and properties of the major prelts fe shown in Tables 3.5, Example 1 [0046] ‘The present example demonstrates thatthe product distribution and the properties of the products have been ‘markedly improved by using the downflow reactor provided Jan. 8, 2004 bby the present invention when conducting the catalytic cracking reaction under the conventional catalytic cracking conditions [0047] The principle flow diageam of the catalytic erack- ing pilot plant used in the experiment is shown in FIG. 12 tnd the schematic diagram of the sieucture of the downlow actor is shown in FIG. L. Diameter of the downflow rwaction pipe D=20 mm; diameter of the reactor vessel Do=2.5D; height difference from the inlet of the downflow pipe to the bottom of the reactor vessel L=6D; the number ‘of the nozzles was 4; the angle of each nozzle tothe vertical direction B=30° and height difference from the outlet of the nozzle o the inlet of the downilow pipe he1.2SD; diameter (of the catalyst delivery pipe d3“0.8D, the angle of the central line of, the catalyst delivery pipe to the vertical direction 7=30", and height difference from the erossing point of the catalyst delivery pipe’s centeal line with the reactor vessel to the bottom of the reactor vessel hO-3D. [0048] The feed oil, catalyst, and experiment procedure fre all the same as those in the comparative examples aod the major operation conditions, product distribution and the properties of the products are shown in Table 3. [0049] 11 can be seen from comparing the experimental data of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 shown in ‘Table 3 that the present invention can markedly raise the tilly for converting heavy oils, enabling the yield of LPG-gasoline+1 CO in the product to increase by more than 7%, the yield of dry gas to increase by only 0.5%, the yield Of Coke not to inerease, and the research octane number to increase by 1 unit. Example 2 [0050] The present example demonstrates that the disti- bution and properties of the product have been markedly improved by using the downllow reactor provided by the preseat invention, [0051] ‘The principe low diagram of the catalytic erack~ ing pilot plant used in the experiments is shown in FIG. 13 and the schematic diagram of the structure of the downflow reactor is shown in FIG. 10. Diameter of the downflow reaction pipe D=20 mm; cone angle of the reactor vessel 5*, and diameter of the bottom rim of the reactor ‘vesse! Db=2D; height difference from the upper sim of the diameter reduced section ofthe dowatlow pipe's inlet struc- ‘ce to the bottom ofthe reactor vessel L=6D; the number of| the nozzies was 6; the angle of each nozzle to the vertical direction fi=45° and height difference from the outlet of the nozzle to the upper rim of the diameter reduced section of the downflow pipe hel 35D; diameter of the bottom of the ‘guide cone Di=3D, its cone angle @=100", and height difference from the upper rim of the diameter reduced section of the downllow pipe to the top of the guide cone h1=0.5D; beight difference from the upper rim of the shutter sunnular grid plate to the upper rim of the diameter reduced section of the downflow pipe inlet h2=1.5D. Two catalyst delivery pipes are equipped and diameter of the catalyst delivery pipe d3=0.6D, the angle of the centeal line of the catalyst delivery pipe to the vertical direction y=30%, and height difference from the erossing point of the central line of the catalyst delivery pipe with the reactor vessel to the bottom of the reactor vessel hO=3D.US 2004/0004025 AL [0052] ‘The feed oil, catalyst, and experiment procedure used in the experiment are all the same as those in the comparative examples and the major operation conditions, product distribution and the properties af the major products fare shown in Table 3 [0053] It can be seen from comparing the experimental data of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 shown in “Table 3 that the present invention ean markedly raise the ability for converting heavy oils, enabling the yicld of LPGegasoline+LCO in the product to inerease by more than 7%, the yield of cokesdry gas not to increase, and the research octane fo increase by 1 unit. Its obvious that the present invention can raise the yield of the products with hhigh added value, and simultaneously raise the octane num ber of gasoline Example 3 [0054] ‘The present example demonstrates the experimen= {al results derived under rather rigorous conditions by using the downllow reactor provided by the present iavention. [0055] The staucture of the downllow reactor used in the present example is shown ia FIG. 1. Diameter of the downflow reaction pipe D=20 mm; diameter of the lower end of the lower cone section of wactor vessel 6 of the catalyst lifting zone Db=2.5D, diameter of the upper end Do=3.5D, and its height was 3D; height of the upper cylinder h8=2D; height difference from the inlet of the lownflow pipe to the bottom of reactor vessel 6 L=SD; height difference From the outlet of nozzle 3 t the inlet of| dowallow pipe 9 h=1.5D; catalyst delivery pipe L was two symmetrically arranged inclined pipes with diameter (B=0.7D, the angle of their central lines to the vertical direction’ y=30", and height difference from the crossing point of the catalyst delivery pipe’s central line with the reactor vessel to the bottom of the reactor vessel h0=2D, Regular packing made from ceramics were equipped in the eclalyst lifting zone, and height of the packing zone ho=1D. ‘The feed atomizing steam amounted 15% by weight of the hydrocarbon ol feed and the lifting steam amounted 15% by ‘weight of the hydrocarbon oil fed. [0056] |The feed oi, catalyst, and experiment procedure in Example 3 were all the same as those in Comparative Example 2 and the mijor operation conditions, product distribution and the properties of the major products sre shown in Table 4. It can be seen from Table 4 that, comparing to re Example 2, the heavy oil content in the product cof Example 3 was lowered by more than 8%, the yield of | light liquid hydrocarbons (LPG+gasoline#LCO) was increased by near 8%, the yield of the dry gas and coke was increased by less than 0.5%. The yield of propylene in the product increased by more than 3%. It is obvious that the dowallow reactor provided by the present invention can markedly raise yick! of light liquid hydrocarbons and raise the yield of propylene when used to convert hydrocarbon oil {eeds under rather rigorous conditions, Example 4 [0058] ‘The present example demonstrates the experimen= {al results derived under highly rigorous conditions by using the downflow reactor provided by the present invention, Jan. 8, 2004 [0059] The structure of the downllow reactor used in the present example is shown in FIG, 1. Diameter of the downflow reaction pipe D=20 mm; diameter of the lower tend of the lower cone section of reactor vessel 6 of the catalyst liting zone Db=2.5D, diameter of the upper cod Do=4D, and the height was 4D; height of the upper cylinder section b8=2D; height difference from the inlet of the downflow pipe to the bottom of reactor vessel 6 L=6D; height difference from the outlet of nozzle 3 10 the inlet of lownflow pipe 9 H0=1D; catalyst delivery pipe 1 was three symmetrically arranged inclined pipes with diameter (3+0.7, the angle of their central lines to the vertical direction y=30*, and height difference from the crossing point of the catalyst delivery pipe’s central Line with the reactor vesse to the bottom ofthe reactor vessel hd=2D. The feed atomizing steam amounted 15% by weight of the hyctrocarbon oil feed, the injected coking-preventing steam amounted 20% by weight of the hydrocarbon oil feed, and the lifting Steam amounted 25% by weight ofthe hydrocar- bon oil feed. [0060] ‘The feed cil, catalyst, and experiment procedure ‘used in Example 4 were all the same as those ia Comparative Example 3, and the major operation conditions, product distribution and the properties of the major products are showa in Table 5. [0061] It can be seen from Table 5 that, comparing to comparative example 3, the heavy oil content in example 4 decreased by more than 6 percent, the yield of ethylene increased by near 3 percent, and the yield of propylene increased by near 2.5 percent, while the yield of coke did not increase basically. It is obvious that when the downlow reactor provided by the present invention was used 10 ‘convert hydrocarbon oil feed, it ean markedly inerease the conversion of heavy oils and the yield of light olefins under highly rigorous conditions, [0062] ‘The present application claims priority under 35 CER. §119 of Chinese Patent Application No, 02116925.X filed on Apr. 26, 2002, Application No, 03119556.3 filed on Mar. 11, 2003 and Application No. 03119857.1 filed on Mar. 1, 2003. The disclosures of each of the foregoing applica lions are expressly incorporated by reference herein in their cealiely TABLE CC cctcaae ss Sw SBS Eement snpostont ° 8 ne ma Mel contenippe si nos ose Boing ange” Ini ae om dels SinUS 2004/0004025 AL [0063] TABLE 2 Piya property was carl CEP Speeswtcesr, we OID Poe volar, ali 2s 036 oa Seen soution wt ° 40-30 en s ‘2 380 an 3 ala [0064] TABLE 3 ‘Compansve| em ample! Fame 1 Esample 2 Cait wos was wan Ni ern soshion -_ oe ae ‘Revcton pressure (grog), KPa 100 110 110 Feel Tony. 200 2030 Regeneration Temp, °C. 0 me Cartytot, wt 0 3080 (On Reiter Tine, + dos nasa Dever 20 saat tbe o te asaT CO, 1023 282 as ‘om yield of ge tigi mm as aT drsnron, Propeties of mor poise Demy of pli, oo a RON of gsline ‘0 ‘2 ‘ob MON of pole oy 31 SL Dessiy of LCO, gem? np ask ako Free pois af LCO, °C. = 7 “s [0065] TABLE 4 Compantve ° Eximpie 2 Example 3 Feedaock 7 2 Marr opeting sondon Reston Temps C st 0 Reaction premure (gauge), KPa 10 am Feed Toop, 2a 20 Regeneration Temp. °C 0 oo Sica Daren onus 1h a 4D Gsslne Bi Re coke on oss Wiheveia ye of igh lets, wt Jan. 8, 2004 ‘TABLE 4-contioned Comparnive ean Buample > Example $ Propyiese me aes Propane of jor produce Dena of poling oa ons ons RON of gle 36 MON of gisolise ro Density of LCD, wm’ 88 eezag pot of LO, °C - [0066] ‘TABLE 5 0 Example 3 Example 4 Fesdnock © © Catalyst ce cee “Major operon ondition Temperate, C 0 ‘0 rosie (ss) Pa i Ey fesd, - ‘Temperate of generated ms 2 sail, rays, wat Hoc, 2876 cath By Ra (CP cack aphita iat dest 1eo. nas oa fico foe st ‘Whesein ye of ight lefn, wt Egle wma Properie of major produc Dena of mp lo os oes RON of spt 2 Po MON mph a 8 Det of LC, pom? non “hor We claim: 1. A downllow catalytic cracking reactor comprising: ‘one oF more catalyst delivery pipes; 4 reactor top cover; fone of more feed nozzles each having an outlet 4 reactor vessel having an upper end, a bottom, and a side wall; and 4 downflow reaction pipe having an outer wal, an upper section, a lower section, an inlet, and an inner diameter @); wherein the upper end of the reactor vessel is close connected ‘with the reactor top cover along the direction of circumference; the bottom of the reactor vessel is close connected with the outer wal of the downflow reaction pipe; the upper section of the downllow reaction pipe is located inside the reactor vessel, while the lowerUS 2004/0004025 AL section of the downllow reaction pipe extends from the bottom of the reactor vessel; the feed nozzle is located on the reactor top cover ‘and/or sice wall ofthe reactor vessel with the outlet ‘of the feed nozzle located above the inlet of down- flow reaction pipes and the catalyst delivery pipe is fixedly jointed with the wactor vessel and in Huid communication with a catalyst iting zone formed by the reactor vessel and. the downflow reaction pipe. 2. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the outlet of the nozzle to the inlet of the downllow pipe (h) is equal to or more than 0.30. 3. The reactor according to claim I further comprising guide cone, wherein the guide cone is equipped below the reactor top cover and is fixedly jointed with the reactor top 4. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst delivery pipe is fixedly jointed with the reactor vessel along 4 tadial or tangent direction of the reactor vessel ‘5. The reactor according to claim 3, wherein the reactor thas one or more catalyst delivery pipes fixedly jointed with the reactor vessel, “6. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein the reactor vessel is eylinder, 7. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein the reactor ‘vessel has Varied diameter. 8. The reactor according to claim 6, wherein the diameter of the lower section of the reactor vessel is larger than the diameter of the upper section of the reactor vessel. ‘9. The reactor according o claim 6, wherein the diameter of the lower section ofthe reactor vessel is smaller than the diameter of the upper section of the reactor vessel 10. The reactor according to claim 8, wherein the reactor vessel is a cone and the diameter of its lower section is smaller than the diameter of the upper section ofthe reactor vessel, IL, The reactor according to claim 1, whereia the inlet of the downllow reaction pipe comprises a diameter reduced section, a eylinder, and a diameter extended section, 12, The reactor according to claim 1 further comprising a coking-preventing steam distributor baving an ialet pipe and/or a steam nozzle anc! a guide cone having a side wall, wherein Jan. 8, 2004 the coking-preventing steam distributor is equipped under the reactor top cover; and the steam nozzle isin fluid communication with the inlet pipe of the coking-preventing steam distributor and is, ‘equipped on the side wall of the guide cone 13. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst ing zone having an upper part and one or more orifice plates, grid plates, or packing layers are equipped in the “upper pact of the catalyst lifting zone. 14. The reactor according (o claim 13, wherein one orifice plate, one grid plate, or one packing layer is equipped in the “upper pact of the catalyst lilting zone. 1S. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein the reactor top cover is one selected from the group comsisting of flanged bead, dished head, flanged and dished head, ellip- tical dished head, torispherical head, elliptical sphere head, flat plate head, hemispherical head, Hanged and conical dished head, truncated cone head, langed and reverse coni= ceal head, and inward sunken shell cover. 16. The reactor according to claim 1 comprising 1 t0 24 feed nozzles, wherein the distance between the outlet of the feed nozzle aad the inlet of the dowallow reaction pipe (b) is between 0.3D 10 SD. 17. The reactor according to claim 15 comprising 2 t0 20 feed nozzles, wherein the distance between the outlet of the feed nazale aod the inlet of the dowallow reaction pipe (4) is in between 05D to 4D. 18, The reactor according to claim 1 further comprising a lifting medium distributor, wherein lifting medium distibu- tor is equipped at a bottom section of the catalyst lifting 19. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein the down flow reaction pipe and the reactor vessel ate coaxially equipped along a vertical direction. 20, The use ofthe reactor according to claim 1 as a reactor for the ealalytie eracking of hydrocarbon oils, 21 The use ofthe reactor according to claim 1 as a reactor for the catalytic pyrolysis of hydrocarbon oils to increase yield of gascous olefins. 22. The use ofthe reactor according to claim 1 as a reactor for the catalytic thermal pyrolysis of hydrccasbon oils 10 increase yield of gaseous olefins,