Ce Re Oe Tt Lecture Sheet HSC WRITING SECTION ne First & Second Paper Writing Section —<~»— Table of Contents English Ist Paper Serial Topic 1 Summary Writing 2. Flow Chart 3: Writing Paragraph 4. Completing Story a: E-mail Or, Informal Letter Writing 6. Graph & Chart 7. Appreciating Short Story/Poem Table of Contents English 2nd Paper Serial Topic Ll. Application Writing 2 Paragraph WritingSummary Writing (Textual Poems) {OU Write a summary of the following poem. ‘The Traffic Police Amidst killer speeds I stand Facing the traffic, stretching my hand Lam seen on kid's books and as cartoons everywhere Educating people and asking them to beware Of the erratic traffic and the signboards ‘Scen on almost all the roads. So that you're safe I see each one of you But my sweat, my plight on the road sees who? Be it sunny or rainy, For your safety I must be Vigil and agile, on the middle Standing erect, as fit as a fiddle. Answer ‘A traffic police is a very dutiful and hard working person. He stands amid the speedy movement of vehicles on the road. He does this risky and sweating job for the public safety. But people do not understand and properly evaluate his work. The poet ‘wants to honour the traffic police, who makes an important role in the society inspite of being deprived. BI Write a summary of the following poem. Love and Friendship by William Shakespeare Blow, blow, thou winter wind, ‘Thou art not so unkind As man's ingratitude; Thy tooth is not so keen, Because thou art not seen, ‘Although thy breath be rude. Heigh-ho! sing heigh-ho! unto the green holly Most friendship is feigning, most loving mere folly ‘Then heigh-ho, the holly! This life is most jolly Answer It is a song taken from William Shakespeare's play As You Like 11, Here the poet thinks that human friendship is feigning and hypocritical. It has no depth ot significance. So he glorifies ‘winter wind and invites it to blow. He thinks that winter wind is, ‘not as unkind as man’s ingratitude, That's why, he prefers winter ‘wind, which has no sensation to human beings, (FJ Write a summary of the following poem. "The Schoolboy" by William Blake Hove to rise in a summer morn, When the birds sing on every tree; ‘The distant huntsman winds his hom, And the skylark sings with me (© what sweet company! Bat to go to school in a summer mor,- O it drives all joy away! Under a eruel eye outworn, ‘The little ones spend the day In sighing and dismay. CESREGr ne Answer The poct tells the reader about the innocence and tendemess of childhood, Children naturally love a summer moming, bids! chinpng, huntsmeris homs and skylarks’ songs. School going children cannot enjoy these because they have to goto school in the rmoming, They have to pass the schol time in sighing and dismay, A traditional school deprives a child of all its innocence and joy. EE Write a summary of the following poem. ‘The Schoolboy" by William Blake A then at times I drooping st And spend many an anos hour; Nor in my book can I ake delight, Not st in learnings bower, Wom through with the dreary shower How ean the bird that is bom for joy How cana child, when fears annoy, But droop his ender wing, And forget his youthful spring! Answer : William Blake was a romantic and mystic poet ofthe late 18th century. Here the poet draws the picture of a schoolboy who wants to live in youthful joy but faces drudgery and annoyance at school, At a school, child has to suffer from fear and anxiety. There he! she drowses and sweats. As a bird born for joy does not love a cage, a child also does not like an unfriendly environment of traditional school at all. A school deprives a ld of al childhood dreams and glee. Write a summary of the following poem. ‘The Schoolboy’ by William Blake O father and mother if buds are nipped, {And blossoms blown away; ‘And ifthe tener plants ae stripped Of thei joy in the springing day, By sorrow and cares dismay, How shall the summer arse in joy, Or the summer fruits appear Orhow shall ve gather what grifs destroy Or bess the mellowing year, When the blasts of winter appear? Answer The poet addresses the parents to be sympathetic 10 their children, He tells the parents if buds are nipped and blossoms are blown away, buds and blossoms will die untimely death Likewise, if children are deprived of their joy and sent t0 a school of cruel environment, they will lose all their innocence and lead a joylss life. Without summer fruits, summer will nt have any joy, Likewise, joyless schoo! life tums a childs joy of summer into the blasts of winter. [I Write a summary ofthe following poem. ‘Out, Out-' by Robert Frost ‘The buzz saw snared and rattled in the yard And made dust and dropped stove-Length sticks of wood, Sweet-scented stuff when the breeze drew across it And rom there those that lifted eyes could countFive mountain ranges one behind the other Under the sunset far into Vermont. ‘And the saw snarled and rattled, snarled and rattled, As it ran light, or had to bear a load. Answer : ‘The poem "Out, Out" depicts the social realities of Robert Frost's time. At first we sce that the saw is a machine making animal noises "snarling" and “rattling”, The first few lines narrate the setting of the poem, When the wind blows, the dust is a sweet scented stuff. Ifa person were to look around the scene, fhe would encounter the beauty of Vermont and the five ‘mountains. The saw continues running and making sounds, IBA Write a summary of the folowing poem. ‘Out, Out" by Robert Frost Call ita day, I wish they might have said To please the boy by giving him the half hour Thata boy counts so much when saved fom work His sister stood beside him in her apron To tell them ‘Supper, At the word, the saw, Asifto prove saws knew what supper meant, Leaped out atthe boy's hand, or seemed t0 leap He must have given the hand. However it was, Neither refused the meeting, But the hand! The boy's first ouery was a ruefl Ugh. ‘Answer The above lines are an exquisite plee of literary work that provides social realities. The day was almost over. The narrator tsishes thatthe boy could have stopped haf an hour early so that he could do what boys like to do. The boys sister came withthe supper. Right then the saw acted as though it knew what supper means. The boy did not pay attention and put his hand into the wand the saw completed its supper. IES Write a summary ofthe following poem. “Out, Out- by Robert Frost "Don't let him cut my hand off.... The doctor, when he comes. Dont let him, sister! So. But the hand was gone alread. The doctor put him inthe dark of ether. He lay and puffed his lps out with his breath ‘And then-the watcher at his pulse took fright. No one believed. They listened at his heart, Litte-tes-nothing!-and that ended it [No more to build on thee, And they, since they Were not the one dea, tured to ther afar ‘Answer Unfortunately this litle boy had been doing a job that is forthe adults. He was too small 10 use such dangerous piece of equipment. He cried out and requested his sister not to let the doctor cut off his hand. But the hand was already gone. The doctor gave him anesthesia. The boy was having trouble in ‘breathing. Slowly, the boy's breathing lessened. The boy died but lite goes on. Since the people who were a part of his life could do nothing, they went on with their works IE Write a summary ofthe following poem. I Have Seen Bengal's Face ‘Translation of Jibanananda Das mr "Banglar Mukh Ami Dekhiachhi" by Fakrul Alam Because I have seen Bengals face I will seek no more; ‘The world has not anything more beautiful to show me. Waking up in darkness, gazing atthe fig-tree, I behold Dawn's swallows roosting under huge umbrella-like leaves. 1 look around me And discover a leafy dome-Jam, Kanthal, Bat, Hijol and Aswatha trees Al ina hush, shadowing clumps of cactus and zedoary bushes. ‘When long, long ago, Chand came in his honeycombed boat ‘To a blue Hijal, Bat and Tamal shade near the Champa, he too sighted Bengal’s incomparable beauty. One day, alas, In the Ganguri, (Ona raft, as the waning moon sank on the river's sandbanks, Behula to0 saw countless aswaths bats besides golden rice fields ‘And heard the thrush’s soft song. One day, arriving in Amara, ‘Where gods held court, when she danced like a desolate wagtail, Bengals rivers, fields, flowers, wailed like strings of bells on her feet Answer Jibanananda Das here describes the beauty as well as lost glory of Bengal. The poet wants to soe a glorious Bengal, a country that had high glory inthe antiquity. That was a Bengal of Chand Saudagar and Behula, Besides, the natural landscape of Bengal makes it « beautiful country. That's why, having been born in this country, the poet wishes to see no more country of the world, He expresses both his pride and sorrow concerning this country. HD) Write a summary of the following poem. "Dreams by D.H. Lawrence All people dream, but not equally. ‘Those who dream by night in the dusty reeesss oftheir mind, Wake in the morning to find that it was vanity. But the dreamers of the day are dangerous people, For they dream their dreams with open eyes, ‘And make them come true. Answer ‘The poem "Dreams" written by D.H. Lawrence is a short poem about the types of dreams. Here he expresses his valuable thought what he thinks about different kinds of dreams. To the poet everyone's dreams are not the same. People who dream at night while sleeping forget everything in the next morning. This kind of dream comes from the nasty regions of their mind. They take no initiatives to make them come true, They are all hollow inside, But there are some other dreamers who are dangerous. ‘These dangerous dreamers dream during day time. These people dream keeping their eyes open and make them come true. HDI Write a summary ofthe following poem. ‘Dreams! by Langston Hughes Hold fatto dreams Forif dreams dc Life isa broken-winged bird That cannot Hola fatto dreams For when dreams 20 Lifes baren itd Frozen with nowAnswer "Dreams" is an extremely short poem by Langston Hughes ‘written in firee verse. The poet in this poem suggests his readers to hold on tightly to their dreams. According to the poet if dreams die, life will be like a bird with damaged wings that ‘cannot fly. When dreams go away, life is a "barren field” ‘covered with frozen snow. EA Write a summary of the following poem. "The Lake Isle of Innisfree’ by W.B. Yeats I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree, ‘And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made; ‘Nine bean rows will I have there, a hive for the honey bee ‘And live alone in the bee loud glade. ‘And T shall have some peace there, for peace comes dropping slow Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the cricket sings: ‘There midnight’ all a glimmer, and noon a purple glow, And evening full of the linnet’s wings Answer W.B. Yeats is a modemist poet, He was born in a world of turmoil and frustration. The world was inflicted by ‘mechanisation, hatred and war. Especially people were tired of the mechanised and prosaic town-life. In the cities, people lost all human compassions and conscience. That's why, the poet has expressed his own dream to go to the lake island Innistiee, a village, where he will have a peaceful life. There he will live amid bean rows, bee hives, crickets’ songs and linnets’ wings. He ‘will get relieved of the drudgery of city life and find real peace. EEX Write a summary of the following poem. B. From ‘September 1, 1939" by W. H. Auden I siton one ofthe dives On Fitty-second Steet Uncertain and afraid {As the clever hopes expie. Ofa low dishonest decade: Waves of anger and fear Circulate over the bright ‘And darkened lands ofthe earth, ‘Obsessing our private lives; The unmentionable odour of death Offend the September night ‘Answer In the poem, "September 1, 1939," the poet W.H. Auden describes the brutality of impending World War Il. On September 1, 1939, he was ina dive bar in New York City, Here he expresses his ‘mental fear regarding the war. Here he describes what the war will bring. Because of the war all the 200d hopes are gone. There is anger and fear all around, The bright future willbe destroyed and the earth wil tur into « dark land. Private lives will be disrupted and there will be unmentionable odour of death with the outbreak of the war. Writea summary of the following poem. ‘The Charge ofthe Light Brigade by Lord Alfred Tennyson Halfa league, half a league, Halfa league onward, CESEEOOenn Allin the valley of Death, Rode te six hundred "Forward, the Light Brigade!” Charge forthe guns he said Int the valley of Death Rode the six hundred ey “The Charge of the Light Brigade" is a well known poem of Lord Alfred Tennyson. The poem tells the story of a brigade who rode on horseback nto the "valley of death” for half Teague (about one and half miles). The brigne consists of 600 soldiers. They were abeying a command to charge the enemy foros tat had been etzing ther guns. Though it wan dat mission, nota single soldier was discouraged or ciswessed by the command to charge forward. Ty Writea summary ofthe following poem. The Charge of the Light Brigade by Lord Alfred Teanyson ‘Forward, the Light Brigade!” Was there a man dismay? Not tho’ the soldiers knew Some one had blunder Theirs nt to make reply, Theis not to reason Why, ‘Theirs but todo and die Int the valley of Death Rode te six hundred ne This isa poem about the courage of 600 soldiers who rode on horseback into the "valley of death for about one and a half miles. The soldiers were obeying a command to charge the nemy. It was a death mission, they knew. All the soldiers realized that their commander had made a trible mistake. But tot a single soldier felt discouraged or distessed knowing the fact. The role ofthe soldier isto obey and ‘not to make reply, ‘not to reason why! So they fllowed orders and rode into the alley of death”. [iG Write a summary ofthe following poem. The Charge ofthe Light Brigade by Lord Alfred Temnyson lunged in the battery-smoke Right thro’ the line they broke; Cossack and Russian Reel'd from the sabre-stroke Shatter'd and sunder'. Then they rode back, but not Not the six hundred. Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon behind them Volley'd and thunder'd Answer ‘The poem tells the story of the Crimean War that took place between Russia and the British empire. The light Brigade consisting of 600 soldiers rode into the death valley. They ‘moved right through the smoke coming from the cannons. They even broke through the line. They were small in number but they shattered and sundered the enemies. The soldiers were 4surrounded by the enemies cannon fom their lef right and back, In spite ofthis, they fought bravely forcing the Cossacks and the Russians back, EEL Write a summary ofthe following poem, ‘She Walks in Beauty’ by Lord Byron She walkin beauty, ke the night Of cloudless climes and sary skies; And all that’s best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes ‘Thus mellowed to that tender light Which heaven t gaudy day denies, Answer “She Walks in Beauty” is written by Lord Byron. The poem is about an unnamed woman. She is really very beautiful. The poet here compares her to lots of beautiful things but the things are "dark like night and ‘starry skies’. The poet compares the beauty of the woman to the cloudless night which has lots of stars. ‘According to the poet "al that's best of dark and bright" are parts of her aspects and eyes, Byron again says that she has a perfect balance of beauty. ‘Write a summary of the following poem. "I Died For Beauty" by Emily Dickinson | died for beauty, but was scarce Adjusted in the tomb, When one who died for truth was lain In an adjoining room. He questioned softly why I failed? ‘For beauty,' I replied, "And [for truth- the two are one; We brethren are, he said. ‘And so, as kinsmen met a-night, We talked between the rooms, Until the moss had reached our lips, ‘And covered up our names, Answer ‘The speaker says that she died for beauty. She is not alone. There Jay a man next to her who died for truth, The man asked her why she died and the reply was that she died for beauty. And the man told that he for truth, The man declared that Truth and Beauty are the same and so he and the speaker are "brethren". The speaker says that they met at night, "as kinsmen’, and talked between their ‘tombs until the moss reached their lips and covered up the names The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle said, ‘Man is by nature a social animal.’ What he meant was that man, by instinet, seeks company of others and establishes relationships, much like most animals of the wild, for companionship and for physical and emotional support Unlike the animals however, man’s relationships. give meaning to his existence and inspires him to do well in ‘education, in workplace or in a profession that he pursues. Relationships are of different kinds. Some are familial and intimate, formed by blood and by marriage; some are social like the ones we have with friends and some are made in school where we form close bonds with classmates and teachers, Relationships can also be fostered in workplace, which may quickly change from professional 10 social. ‘There are relationships also between human beings and animals, between children and their toys that they cannot, part with, All these relationships keep us close to each other and provide us all kinds of support, love and affection. A person who has no family feels the pain of loneliness and isolation. There is no one to laugh or ery with hinvher. ‘When we share our joy with someone, it simply redoubles,, and we when we suffer a loss and someone shares our sorrow, it lessens. Relationships are thus needed for our emotional health To build relationships, we need to have trust and respect for each other, and love where this is needed. We cannot be selfish and possessive if we want to establish an effective clationship, But quite often we see people quarrelling and ighting with each other which only brings misery and loss toall Ans: As a social being, man necessarily follows the instinct of seeking company and forming mutual relationship just like other animals for motivation and inspiration. Relationships can be of different types; they can be familial or intimate, They can also develop from interactions with others in different social organizations. The necessity of companionship is truly felt by those who have none to share compassion or emotion with. An effective relationship amplifies our happiness and minimizes our sorrows. Therefore, to cherish a lasting relationship, we should develop trust, respect and dispose of qualities like selfishness, possessiveness and abstain from fights and quarrels. Sheikh Kemal, the eldest son of Bangabazdhu Sheikh ‘Mujibur Rahman and Bangamata Fazilatunnesa Mujib, was, born at Tungipara in Gopalganj district. He spent his, childhood there, Kamal received his secondary education at, Dhaka's BAF Shaheen School from where he passed his SSC examination. He was then admitted to Dhaka College, and after his HSC examination he became a student at the department of Sociology of Dhaka University. Karma bad a colorful life marked by liveliness and creativity. Besides his, academic studies, he also pursued his passion for sports and cultural activities. He was a find division basketball and cricket player as well as a sports organizer. He was also interested in classical music, and became a student of CChhayanaut to learn Sitar under the tutelage of Ustad Ful Mohammad. Apart from Sitar, Kama had a passion for Piano. He had a good collection of musical instruments on the second floor of their house at Dhanmondi, Road no, 32 It is well known to his friends that Shah Kamal used to begin his day practising the Sitar and during the day played basketball or football or cricket. In the evening he was often seen on stage rehearsing a play. He took part in stage performance of Kabar written by prominent playwright Shaheed Munir Chowdhury. Kemal was one of the founders of Dhaka Theatre. He was also a founder of Spondon Shilpi Gosthi — a cultural organization. And who doesn't know that Sheikh Kamal was the founder of Abahoni Krira CChokro that introduced modem football in our country? ‘Ans: Sheikh Kamal, the heroic son of Bangabandhu, had extraordinary academic and cultural achievements. Passing from BAF Shaheen School and Dhaka College, he graduated from Dhaka University in. Sociology. Simultaneously, he devoted himself in his cultural and sports activities. A multi-talented youth, Sheikh Kamal was skilled in football, basketball, music, drama, Sitar and what not3. There are interesting traits in Kamal's character. He was the cldest son of a Prime Minister and later of a President. Yet, his life was very simple. He didn't take any advantage of his father's name and office. As he loved to spend time with his friends at Tungipara in his childhood, he loved to do the same during his college and university days. Watching good movies with them in Madhumita, Naz, or Balaka cinema hall was also something that he really liked, Sheikh Kamal knew that there is no shortcut to success. He ‘groomed himself up as a young man who earned success by dint of perseverance and commitment. When the Pakistan military began its genocide in Bangladesh he joined the liberation war and received military training at Camp Murtee, located at the Himalayan foothills in India. This tall young man who carried himself with dignity and possessed remarkable traits of leadership became the ADC of General Ataul Goni Osmani, the Commander in Chief of Bangladesh Armed Forces during the liberation war. After independence, Sheikh Kamal could easily remain in Bangladesh Army and pass a secure life but he preferred to engage himself in country building and organizing the young forces to that end. Journalist Syed Ishtiag Reza, in fone of his columns "Ekjon Sheikh Kamal" in Bangla Tribune, rightly says that the unique qualities of Sheikh Kamal's character, especially his whole-hearted involvement in sports and culture, are never seen in any son cor daughter of any President, Prime Minister or high officials in Bangladesh, This is unfortunate that just after 10 days of his 26 birthday and only after a month of his marriage with Sultana Kamal, a Dhaka University Blue in athletics, his life was cut short by a group of cowardly killers. Both he and his wife along with Bangabandhu, Bangamata and most members of their family were assassinated. Ans: Sheikh Kamal, the eldest son of a Prime Minister and later a President, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ‘was bestowed with interesting features in his character. He ‘was a well-groomed young man with strong morality who had whole-hearted involvement in sports and cultural activities. Despite being a son of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, he chose the path of perseverance and commitment. Apart from being culture-minded, he possessed courage and leadership qualities. Having retumed from the Liberation War, Katmai engaged himself in nation building activities although he had an opportunity to choose @ secured job in Bangladesh Army. However, it is really tragic that Sheikh Kamal along with Bangabandhu and most other members of his family was killed brutally by some assassins. 4. Nishat Mazumder, a Bangladeshi woman in her early forties, is a sports icon. She comes of a modest background; her father is a businessman and her mother is a housewife. She is the second of four siblings. She is not very tall or well built, or does not have a charming princess look; but this apparently ordinary girl has three things that she can be proud of. These are: she has extraordinarily supportive parents who accepted her dreams as real; her father was a freedom fighter in the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971, and she scaled the highest peak in the world as the fast Bangladeshi girl in 2012. Nishat’s life presents an inspirational story that the youth in Bangladesh needs 10 know. ‘Nishat was born on 5 January 1981 in a village called Teori, which is situated in Ramganj upazila in Lakshmipur District. She completed her schooling from Bottomley Home Girls’ High School in 1997, and passed HSC from hae CESEEODon Shahid Anwar Girls! College in 1999. She camed her bachelor’s and master's degrees in Accounting from Dhaka City College, and currently works for Dhaka WASA as an accountant, She is also interested in different languages and cultures of the world, and has enrolled for her MA in Japan Studies at Dhaka University. For us, Nishat's life comes ‘across as especially significant because it tells us how the influence of one person can motivate someone to dream big. As the daughter of a freedom fighter, Nishat had to face many obstacles in her life, but her mother, her role model, gave her courage and determination to overcome them and pursue her dreams. Ashura Mazumder, Nishat's ‘mother, is a hardworking and understanding woman, who has been a pillar of support for her family in the direst of situations, Nishat learned from her mother how to keep ‘mental strength in calamitous moments of life, Learning from her, Nishat began her dream of conquering mountains, ‘Ans: Nishat Mazumder is a Bangladeshi sports icon, She is proud of her supporting parents whose inspiration enabled her to reach the highest mountain peak in the world as the first Bangladeshi girl in 2012, She was bom on 5 Janvar3r1981 in Lakshmipur. She passed the SSC and HSC exams in 1997 and 1999 respectively. After that she completed her Bachelor's and Master's degrees from Dhaka City College. Feeling interested in different languages and cultures of the world, she has got into Dhaka University to do MA in Japan Studies, Once upon a time, there was a strange man who was highly bothered to see others’ happiness. His own personal interest wvas at any cost important to him, Neither was he a polite ‘man, nor did he like other people to be polite to each other. In fact, he hated the courteous and polite people around him and thus he hated a few expressions like please, thank you, don't mention it, ete. It troubled him a lot when people around were smiling to use these expressions ‘The man considered all these expressions extravagant. So, he took a mission to invent a device that would steal these polite words. He calculated two benefits from his efforts One, people won't use these words and thus he would be relieved of his apathy to people's polite behaviour and the second one was earning money by selling the words stolen by the machine to somebody else. He took great caution so that nobody would understand his seeet plan, After a few ‘months’ hard work, he succeeded in inventing the machine he desired fora long longtime. ‘The machine started working and it gave the man complete satisfaction, People from their long practice would try to say — thank you, so kind of you, my pleasure, don't mention it, et. s to appreciate others or express gratitude But their tongue could not produce these words. The machine caught them, It resulted in a huge change in people's behaviour and atitudes. Gradually people became Tough and tough, they lost their mental cool, they were blaming each other or fighting with each other. They became so selfish that they started refusing to help others without having a retum for their service. Love, respect, affections, fellow feelings became some unknown words and, eventually, they were missing from people's practices. ‘Ans: Once there was a wicked man who hated the kind and polite people around him. Being apathetic to people's polite behaviour, he invented « machine to steal the words and expressions of politeness and kindness. Consequently, people became rough and tough and selfish. Love, respect, affection and fellow-feelings were missing from people's practices, 6(6. The man was terribly happy with his suecess, but he didn't count on two little girls of special nceds. They had speech difficulty and so they used to communicate using. sign language. Since the machine couldn' steal gestures, these airls continued their previous practices of being kind and polite. Soon they realised the difference between them and ‘other people which led them to investigate the reason. After ‘uch tol, they could discover the wicked man, wo was in © hideout on the top of « hill next to the sea with his enormous machine busy in capturing people's polite words and separating them into letters. The girls found the man taking a nap when they crept up to the machine and rewound it so that people could get back to their normal ‘behaviour ‘Asa resull, the machine exploded, scattering all the letters it had gathered into the sky. After some moments, the ete started coming down, like rain, and ended up in the sea. ‘After that, everyone became polite and respectful to each other again. The anger and the arguments stopped, proving that good manners are very useful for keeping people together in a spirit of happiness. © Ans: The machine could not steal the sign language. The {wo girls with speech difficulty continued their practices of being kind and polite Finding the difference between them and other people, the girls started investigating the reason, They crept up to the machine and rewound it and as a result, people got back their lost words. They became polite and respectful to one another once again. Thus, it was understood that good manners are very useful for keeping people together in happiness. 7. Adolescents constitute a nation’s core resource for national renewal and growth. Adolescence is a period in life when transition from childhood to adulthood takes place and behaviours and life styles are shaped, According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), adolescence is the period which shapes the future of girls! and boys' lives. ‘There are 28 million adolescents in Bangladesh; 13.7 million of them are girls and 14.3 million boys. The situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is characterised by inequality and subordination within the family and society. This inequality leads to widespread practice of child marriage, marginalisation or exclusion from health, education and economic opportunities, and vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse. In Bangladesh, the legal age of marriage is 18 for girls and 21 for boys. However, 33 percent of adolescent girls are married before the age of 15 and 60 percent become mothers by the age of 19. Research finds that adolescents with higher level of education and from more affluent families tend to mary at a later age. Boys, however, become ready for marriage only after several years of adolescence and young adulthood. D Ans: Adolescents are resources for national growth. ‘Adolescence is a transition period. Future shapes of life take place in this period. But the condition of millions of adolescents, specially girls, is pitiable in Bangladesh. Girls become the vietim of inequality, subordination, early ‘marriage, violence, sexual abuse, ete. Even 33 per cent of girls being married off before 15, become mothers at 19, 8 The act of thinking deeply and calmly about something in a state of heightened awareness is known as meditation. It is, fan approach to train up the mind, similar to the way that fitness is an approach to training the body. Voltaire explains, "Meditation is the dissolution of thoughts in hae PEED ctemal awareness or pure consciousness without objectification, knowing without thinking, merging finitude in infinity.” From the ancient times, meditation has been a part of some religious traditions as a way of achieving the body's release from worldly cares, and creating inner harmony. Meditation in our time is practiced by people to reduce stress and tension, and improve focus. There are trainers \who help beginners with some exercises such as improved breathing and progressive relaxation, One of the most common approaches to meditation is concentration To develop concentration one needs to focus on a sin le point. Since focusing the mind is challenging, a beginner ‘might meditate for only a few minutes and then work up to longer durations. Meditation releases anxiety and brings a state of calmness. Ie increases the thinking ability of human brain so that people have a better control of their emotions. Those who practice meditation can work tirelessly for a longer period of time, Meditation helps improve blood circulation in the brain and other parts of the body. Finally, meditation improves creativity, selawareness and tolerance. Ams: The act of deep and quiet thinking is meditation. It is an approach t psychological fitness. It has become religious traditions from time immemorial. In fact, it lessens siress and tension, Moreover, it develops concentration, brings quietness, and controls emotions. It also maximizes the brain's capacity. Therefore, everybody should practise meditations for achieving sound health and unique qualities of human life Education gives us knowledge and a set of abilities to function meaningfully in life, such as the ability to decide things rationally and make the right choices. As we learn hhow to read, write and do the basie operations of arithmetic, wwe gain a degree of self-confidence. We learn to think for ourselves and articulate our thoughts; we pick up skills to communicate with others and manage our affairs. wel. Education helps us think independently and make our own opinions. As we know more about the world, we appreciate the good things it offers us but also become critical of the deviations from the values it imparts and the rise of hatred or conflict that follows. The fast thing education does is to give us an awareness about ourselves which leads to the development of our personality. As we begin school, we feel the need to belong. to the class and make friends. We then expand our sense of | belonging to include the school at large, our community and finally our country. Education thus prepares every child to become an active member of the community and work for its welfare, ‘Ans: Education enables us to make our life meaningful. When we learn to read, write and calculate, we gain self confidence to think independently and’ communicate successfully. As we learn more, we become analytical about the conflicts in society. Education, giving us awareness, develops our personality. Formal education, makes us sociable in all respects and helps us to grow as a worthy citizen of the country and work for its wellbeing. Education, it is believed, releases our potentials and our inner strengths. It sharpens our intellect and develops our creativity. As we are taught to reason well and find solutions to the problems of life we become productive ‘members of society, Education by definition is progressive and liberal, teaching us to respect human diversity and 7cultural and religious differences. If all of us practise these values in life, the world becomes a much happier place. Education also fosters critical thinking and provides us a set ‘of competencies including life skills that enable us to become competitive even in the most challenging of circumstances. Education also teaches us to appreciate beauty and the bounties of nature. School, however, is not the only place where a child gets education. A Bangle poem tells us that nature can be our best teacher. Here are a couple of lines from the poem in English translation: ‘The sky has taught me to be liberal. The wind has given me ‘the motto to be industrious. Ifwe can make nature our friend, philosopher and guide, we can learn lessons about life that, combined with what our schools teach us, will prepare us for the future. Ans: Education, with provision of knowledge and a set of abilities, enables us to live well. It sharpens our intellect and develops our creative power. Morcover, it makes us respectful to human diversity and cultural and religious differences. In the process of our education, we gain ability to think critically and also gain competencies including life- oriented skills. As a result, we can face the most challenging situations in our life. Apart from school, nature can also teach us. Academic education, fused with the lessons learnt from nature, can prepare us for the future. 11, Ecotourism is a booming business that many tour operators cite as being helpful to nature. Every year, millions of people descend on protected and pristine natural areas to observe rare species. However, a new report casts doubt on the value of this form of tourism. In fact, it suggests that ecotourism is more damaging than helpful to nature Details are in a report published in the journal ‘Trends in Ecology and Evolution’. Researchers believe tourists. are disrupting animals in their natural habitat. They pointed to ‘a recent event where sea turtles in Costa Rica had problems laying their eggs because of the hordes of tourists who had congregated to watch the turtles’ nesting habits. ‘The report says that ecotourism is making animals bolder and that this could endanger the animals, A regular human, presence might make animals tamer and less cautious about other animals around them, and this could put them at risk of being attacked by their natural threats. "Then they will suffer higher mortality when they encounter real predators, the report says. It added: "When animals interact in "benign’ ways with humans, they may let down their guard.” The report said it was essential “to develop a more comprehensive understanding of how different species in different situations respond to human visitation and under ‘what precise conditions human exposure might put them at risk D Ans: Though ecotourism is a booming business, a new report suggests that it does more harm than good to nature, Researchers highlight that tourists are disrupting animals in their natural habitats referring to disrupting the turtles’ nesting habits. Regular presence of humans change their natural behaviour and put them at risk of extinction 12, The success of Kalsindur girls reads like an epic. They started their journey with practically nothing. They didn't have any boots or jerseys to wear. Initially, they played wearing salwar and kamij. They also suffered from ‘malnutrition, What made them win against all adversities then? What was the magic behind? Mohammad Mafiz Uddin was an assistant teacher at Kalsindur Government 1 CESEEODon 1B. Free Primary School where Minati Rani Sheel was the head teacher. They observed the girls’ interests in football and decided to help. It was however not that easy. Girls playing football is still not a common picture in Bangladesh, Guardians were not convinced as they were used to seeing girls helping mothers with household chores. A farmer, an auto-rickshaw driver, a tea-shop owner or a housemaid ‘mother couldn't be that ambitious either. But Minati Reni Sheet and Mohammad Mafiz Uddin persuaded them to allow their daughters to play. Being great motivators, the ‘ovo teachers supported the girls in their effort to overcome the odds. They inspired them, created opportunities for them and took personal care of them. Soon the girls could prove themselves, shaking off their inhibition. Their success has also persuaded the villagers to come to their support. When the girls moved to the nearby secondary school and college, they did not have their Minati Maam and Mafiz Uddin Sir with them, but soon another motherly person offered her helping hand — Mala Rani Sarkar, an Assistant Professor of History — who was joined by one of her colleagues, Juel Mia. They agreed io coach the girls. Mr Jalaluddin, who was then the head teacher of the school, also supported them. Gradually the local community, public representatives and the local administration came forward. Bangladesh Football Federation also gave special attention to them and finally another football magician, Golam Robbani Choton, the coach of the Bangladesh Women's National Football Team, mentored these girls and helped them become complete professional footballers. ‘Ans: The Kalsindur girls made success like an epic. Initial3r they started to play wearing saiwar and kamij They also suffered from malnutrition, Two teachers Mohammad Mafiz Uddin and Minati Rani Shed decided 10 help the girls. Mohammad Mafiz Uddin and Minati Rani Sheel persuaded the guardians to allow their daughters 10 play football. Local community, public representatives and local administration came forward to help the girls. Mala Rarii Sarkar became the Manager of Kalsindur Women's Football Team, Golam Rabbani Choton, the football magician, mentored the girls. Thus, the Kalsindur girls were able to overcome all their obstacles in order to achieve astonishing feat in football, We spend money for different reasons. We buy foods, clothes or everyday essentials, pay for different services, entertain people, travel to places, help others in need or invest in business and thus spend money every day. In fact, spending is apart of our life Spending may make us happy or unhappy depending on hhow and why we spend. When we spend money on things that we need and within our limit, it is good. When it ‘becomes @ compulsive behaviour, it makes life stressful. Unnecessary spending or spending beyond one’s means has some bad effects. For one thing, it may lead to financial ruin or debt, and for another, if may create unhappiness within families, People who overspend are never satisfied with what they have. They always rush for brands, fashion items, designer clothes, ete. Over a period of time it becomes an addiction which may eventually create psychological problems. Nowadays consumer items are displayed in stores or in advertisements in ways that they create a feeling of immediate need for them. We are constantly tempted to buy, use or consume things even when we do not have a genuine need, We all need to be careful here, Salespersons 8offen encourage customers to buy things -by flattering them. "This is a perfect match for you, they would say, or "You look so stunning in that dress Never forget, they say the same thing to most of their customers. It is better not to be persuaded by such words. They use these words to please the customers as the more a customer buys, the higher the profit is. Overspending is not only related to shopping, it applies to other activities as well such as eating out. Many people buy too many items to eatin a restaurant. They can eat only some of them And the rest are wasted Its not a responsible attitude, We cannot simply waste food because we have money to buy it. Ans: Money is spent every day for various reasons. Necessary expenses within our limit may make us happy. But unnecessary expenditure or spending money beyond our ability creates some problems and may lead to psychological problems. Al_ present, consumer items are displayed and advertised so attractively that consumers want to buy them immediately even without having genuine rnced, Salespersons often flater the customers to encourage them to buy more things. Salespersons say the same persuasive words to most of their customers. They should not be persuaded by such words. Buying more foods than requirements and their wastage means wastage of money. 14, When a girl gets married, she usually drops out of school and begins fulltime work in her in-laws’ household. In the inlaws’ house, she is marginalized. She becomes vulnerable to all forms of abuse, including dowry-related violence. In Bangladesh, it is still common for a bride's family t0 pay dowry, despite the practice being illegal Dowry demands can also continue after the wedding. For an adolescent bride, even if her in-laws are supportive, there are greater health risks in terms of pregnancy and child birth, The majority of adolescent brides and their families are uninformed or insufficiently informed about reproductive health and contraception. The maternal ‘morality rate for adolescents is double the national rate. © Ans: In Bangladesh, 33% of adolescent girls are married ‘before 15 and 60% of them become mothers by 19. After marriage, an adolescent girl drops out of school and is vulnerable to all types of abuse. Moreover, she has to take the risk of early pregnancy and childbirth. The majority of adolescent brides‘and their families are ignorant of reproductive health and contraception. 15, When adolescent girls ate pulled out of school, either for ‘marriage or work, they often lose their mobility, their friends and social status. The lack of mobility among adolescent girls also curtails their economic and non-formal ‘educational opportunities. Moreover, they lack information, about health issues. According to a study, only about three in five adolescents have even heard of HIV. It is also reported that more than SO percent of adolescent girls are undemourished and suffer from anaemia. Adolescent fenility is also high in Bangladesh. The contribution of the adolescent fertility rate to the total fertility rate increased from 20.3% in 1993 to 24.4% in 2007. Moreover, neonatal ‘mortality is another concern for younger mothers. While the situation for adolescent boys is somewhat better, ‘many are vulnerable and lack the power to make decisions about their own lives. Many boys who are unable to go to school, or are unemployed, remain unaware of social or health issues. They are at considerable risk of being drawn into criminal activities. They are also more likely to get exposed to drugs and alcohol. ERSEEG ne Ans: As a girl drops out of school, her fulltime work in her inlaws’ family begins. She falls prey to multifarious abuses. She runs the risk of pregnancy and childbirth. She suffers from malnutrition as well. She is not informed or poorly informed of reproductive health and contraception. ‘The condition of an adolescent boy is abit bettr.. Nevertheless, iliteracy, unemployment, etc. stand in the way to his development. Consequently, he often falls a victim to drugs and aleohol. 16, ... (The Negro is still not free. .. the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the cl of discrimination. .. (T)he Negro lives on a lonely island of | poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. (T)he Negro is still languishing in the comers of ‘American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is, ‘a dream deeply rooted in the American dream, Thave a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live ‘out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal." Thave a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. Thave a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice Thave a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. Ans: The Negro is subject to segregation and the chains of ‘tremendous racial discrimination. They are virtually exile in their own land. The author nourishes some hopes regarding the advancement of the Negro. The hopes include that one day the Negro would rise u_p_, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners would sit together at the table of brotherhood, Mississippi would be an oasis of | freedom and the young children would live in a nation where they would be judged by the content of their character not by the colour of their skin. 17, Thave a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live ‘out the true meaning of its creed ; "We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal." I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former stave owners will be able to sit down together a the table of brotherhood, I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state ‘sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of| freedom and justice. | have a dream that my four lite children will one day live ina nation where they will not be judged by the color oftheir skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its goveror having his lips dripping with the words of “imerposition’ and ‘nullification, that one day ight down in Alabama litle black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with litle white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers > Ans: The writer dreams that their nation will be morally elevated and live in amity and peace. He hopes that their 9nation getting rid of all injustice, oppression will enjoy true freedom and justice. Then, their people will not be Judged by the colour, rather the inner beauty of their character will be valued, All their states will be free of all kinds of inequality and injustice. 18, Education aims to bring about positive changes in our bbchavior. It helps us try to change our lives as well as the society we live in. Education that does not illuminate our minds or does not inspire us to work for the community is not complete at all. Education is not all about getting grades or receiving centficates—we use education to make life better. We are expected to apply the knowledge, skills and ‘values that we lear in a classroom in our engagement with the world that lies outside. And we can do so in many different ways. Let's have a look at how education works Learners civic engagement is highly appreciated all over the ‘world, Civic engagement means working to make a difference in the civic life (the public life ofthe citizens as contrasted with private or personal life) of the community using knowledge, skills, values and motivation. Civic engagement promotes the quality of life in a community by contributing tothe improvement of health and wellbeing of the people. Civically engaged individuals recognize themselves as ‘members of a larger social community and are concerned about civic issues. They consider themselves responsible citizens who take action or raise their voices against injustice, discrimination and other forms of social ills 2 Ans: Education plays a vital role in bringing about positive changes in human behaviour. It helps us try to change our life as well as our society. Complete education not only illuminates our minds but also’ involves a learner to work for the community. The purpose of education is not getting srades and receiving certificates. The main objective of education is to make life better. Civie engagement of the leamers is highly appreciated all over the world nowadays. A civically engaged person works to create a difference in the civic life taking action or raising voice against injustice, discrimination and other forms of social ills. 19, In civie engagement, issues of public concern are crucial Civie engagement includes individual or group activities to protect public interests and change the way the community values itself. For example, if you are protesting against any unjust decision of the local municipality such as raising taxes or an act that might work against people's interests, ‘you are civically engaged and your action is considered a ivi engagement. This protest can be done in different ways such as organizing rallies, collecting signatures, ‘making human chains, writing petitions, etc. You can also help control traffic in front of a school, help children to cross the roads, work in a team to clean a park or a sea beach. You can also give some services to elderly people These ate all examples of civic engagement as what you do directly affects the community. When civic engagement is a part of an academic programme, and the leamers’ engagement is assessed following a scale, then it is called service learning, It involves the application of knowledge and skills learned in the classroom and then miring a complete plan of action i.e. preparing a budget, starting the process of implementation, involving people and activating operational strategies. ‘When civic engagement is spontaneous but irregular and not @ part of any academic programme, it is considered volunteerism. ERSEEGr ie © Ams: Civie engagement includes an individual or group activity in order to protect public interests or to make a change in the community. If a person protests against any unjust decision, his action is considered civic engagement. "A civically engaged person can help ‘control traffic in front of a school, help kids to cross the roads, work in a team to rake a park or a seashore litter-free and give services to elderly people. These activities of civic engagement affect the- community directly civie engagement is a part of an academic programme which is assessed, following a scale, it is service learning. And when it is spontaneous-but irregular and not @ part of any academic programme, iti ‘volunteerism, Shilpi was only 15 years old when she married Rashid in 2008, Marrying off daughters at an early age is a standard practice for many families living in rural Bangladesh, After her wedding, Shilpi joined a local empowerment group that provides adolescent girls with the tools needed to gradually change cultural practices, particularly those pertaining to carly marriage and pregnancy. The group's activities include discussions on how to most effectively change behaviour related. to reproductive health as well as one-on-one counselling. Italso offers peer-to-peer support and life skills training that help adolescents say no to early marriage. The empowerment group is one of more than 10,000 groups supported by some local Non Government Organizations (NGOs) working all over Bangladesh. These NGOs work through Canada's Adolescent Reproductive Health Project ‘hich also aims to inerease access to quality health services for adolescents. During one of the group sessions, Shilpi came to understand the potentially harmful effects of carly ‘marriage and pregnancy. While maternal mortality in Bangladesh has dectined by nearly 40 percent since 2001, the rate remains high with 194 maternal deaths per 1,00,000, live births in 2010- dropping from 322 in 2001 with a projected decrease to 143 by 2015. Girls who get pregnant are at risk of serious health complications. These include dangerous hemorthage and stula, a painful internal injury caused by obstructed childbirth that commonly leads to serious maternal morbidities and social exclusion. When Shilpi heard about those risks, she invited her husband, Rashid, to discuss pregnancy with a counsellor. Afer hearing about the risks, Rashid agreed to delay having children for five years despite pressures from his parents and neighbours to produce an offspring. Together, the couple met with a female health care provider, “who informed them about the various family planning options available © Ams: Shilpi was married off at the age of 15 following the prevalent practice in rural areas. Then she joined a local empowerment group that provides adolescent girls with necessary suggestions pertaining to early marriage and pregngncy. It also offers the support and lie skill training that help adolescents say ‘no’ to early marriage. Shilpi came to understand the potentially harmful effects of carly marriage and pregnancy. When Shilpi was apprised of serious health complications of early pregnancy, she took a decision to go to @ counsellor with her husband. Rashid agreed to delay having children for five years. But Shilp's mother-in-law and neighbours continued to pressurize the newlyweds. 21. Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been subjected to 10‘empirical research and scientific study. Chances are that you've often found yourself puzzling over the content of a dream, or pethaps you've wondered why you dream at all. First, let's start by answering @ basic question : What is a dream? A dream can include any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can bbe extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful «emotions or frightening images; focused and understandable ‘or unclear and confusing. Why do we dream? What purpose do dreams serve? While many theories have been proposed, no consensus has emerged. Considering the time we spend in a dreaming state, the fact that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is important to consider that science is still unraveling. the exact purpose and function of sleep itself, Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being. Ans: We experience dreams during sleep. Dreams may be vivid or very vague, joyful, frightening, confusing or unclear or understandable. The purpose of dream still remains in the minds of the scientists and the philosophers. Some researchers regard dreams as purposeless while others term them useful 22. Ecotourism is broadly defined as low impact travel to endangered and often undisturbed locations. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveller to become educated about the areas- both in terms of the physical landscape and cultural characteristics. It often provides funds for conservation and benefits the economic development of places that are often impoverished. Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism, Most of these are not truly ecotourism, however, because they do not emphasize conservation, education, low impact travel, and social and cultural participation in the locations being visited Ans: Ecotourism differs from any traditional tourism because it emphasizes on some particular aspects. For example, conservation, education, low impact travel and social and cultural participation, But nowadays many tips are getting the fame of ecotourism which are not ecotourism intrue sense. 23. Eeotourism is popular in Indonesia at Komodo National Park. The park has an area of 233 square miles (603 sq. km) of land that is spread out over several islands and 469 square miles (1,214 sq. km) of water. The area was established as national park in 1980 and is popular for ecotourism because of its unique and endangered biodiversity. Activities at Komodo National Park vary from whale watching to hiking, Tourist accommodations strive to have a low impact on the natural environment. Ecotourism is also popular in Central and South America. Destinations include Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela, Guatemala, and Panama. Apart from these places, ‘opportunities for ecotourism exist in hundreds of more places worldwide, 2 Ans: Komodo National Park in Indonesia is popular for ecotourism because of its unique and endangered biodiversity. It was established in 1980 and various types of activities are available Several countries of Central and South America are also popular for ecotourism. Cero hae 24, 25. 26. Thave a dream today. Thave a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together". This is our hope. This is the faith that I will go back to the South with, ‘With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of | despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one ay And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true ‘Ans: The author is hopeful that racial disparity, injustice, tc. will one day vanish from America and everybody will see in America a nation of equality, justice and brotherhood. Despair will expire and hope will prevail instead. Discord will be replaced by accord. All nations will be able to work together, pray together and stand up for freedom together Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania. Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring, And when this happens, and when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white ‘men, Jews and gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, wwe are free at last!” ‘Ans: In this passage, the author's ardent desire for freedom hhas been portrayed with aid of several metaphors such as prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire, the mighty mountains of New York, ete, Through these metaphors, asserted that all of God's children irrespective of black or white, Jews or gemtiles, Protestants or Catholics, have rights 10 enjoy freedom, of ‘Chawla was born in Karnal, India, She completed her earlier schooling at Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School, Karnal, She is the first Indian-bor woman and the second person in space from this sub-continent. After graduating in Aeronautical Engineering from Punjab Engineering College, India, in 1982, Chawla moved to the United States the same year. She obtained her Master's degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas in 1984, Later she did her Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering in 1988 from the University of Colorado, Determined to become an astronaut even in the face of the Challenger disaster 1986 that broke apart 73 seconds into its Might, leading to the deaths of its seven crew members, Chawla joined NASA in 1988. She began working as a Vice President where she did Computational Fluid Dynamies (CFD) research on vertical take-off and landing. In 1991 she got U.S citizenship and started her career as a NASA astronaut in 1995. She was selected for her first flight in 1996. She spoke the following words while travelling in the weightlessness of space, "You are just your uintelligence." She had travelled 10.67 million miles, as ‘many as 252 times around the Earth, Ans: Chawla, born in India, completed her preliminary engineering education in India, Then she moved to the United States and obtained her Master’s degree and did her PhD in Aerospace Engineering from there. Determined to become an astronaut, Chawla joined NASA in 1988 and began working there as a Vice President where she did Computational Fluid Dynamies research. She was selected for her first flight and travelled 10.67 million miles, il T Read the passage and answer the following questions. The famous Greck philosopher Aristotle said, ‘Man is by nature a social animal.’ What he meant was that man, by instinct, seeks company of others and establishes relationships, much like most animals of the wid, for companionship and for physical and emotional support Unlike the animals however, man’s relationships. give meaning to his existence and inspires him to do well in education, in workplace or in a profession that he pursues. Relationships are of different kinds, Some are familial and intimate, formed by blood and by marriage; some are social like the ones we have with friends and some are made in school where we form close bonds with classmates and teachers. Relationships ean also be fostered in workplace, which may quickly change from professional to socal ‘There are relationships also between human beings andl animals, between children and their toys that they eannot part with All these relationships keep us close to each other and provide us all kinds of support, love and affection, A Person who has no family feels the pain of loneliness and isolation. There is no one to laugh or ery with him/her. ‘When we share our joy with someone, it simply redoubles, and we when we suffer a loss and someone shares our sorrow, it lessens. Relationships are thus needed for our emotional health. To build relationships, we need to have trust and respect for cach other, and love where this is needed. We cannot be selfish and possessive if we want to establish an effective relationship. But quite often we see people quarrelling and fighting with each other which only brings misery and loss toall (Read the above text and make a flow chart showing why we need to establish relationships. (one is done for you) {The famous Greek Philosopher Aristotle said, “Man ‘only brings misery and loss to all a »}2.J>|3.)>]/4.|>]5.Jo]6 \companionship 2 Ans: ‘1 Read the passage and answer the following questions. Sheikh Kemal, the eldest son of Bangabazdiu. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Bangamata Fazilatunnesa Mujib, was bor at Tungipara in Gopalganj district. He spent his childhood there. Kamal received his secondary education at Dhaka's BAF Shaheen School from where he passed his SSC examination. He was then admitted to Dhaka College, id after his HSC examination he became a student at the CESEEoG ne @ department of Sociology of Dhaka University. Karma bad a colorful life marked by liveliness and creativity. Besides his academic studies, he also pursued his passion for sports and cultural activities. He was a find division basketball and cricket player as well as a sports organizer. He was also interested in classical music, and became a student of CChhayanaut to learn Sitar under the tutelage of Ustad Ful Mohammad. Apart from Sitar, Kama had a passion for Piano. He had a good collection of musical instruments on the second floor of their house at Dhanmondi, Road no. 32 It is well known to his friends that Shah Kamal used to begin his day practising the Sitar and during the day played basketball or football or cricket. In the evening he was often scen on stage rehearsing a play. He took part in stage performance of Kabar written by prominent playwright Shaheed Munir Chowdhury. Kemal was one of the founders of Dhaka Theatre. He was also a founder of Spondon Shilpi Gosthi — a cultural organization, And who doesn't know that Sheikh Kamal was the founder of Abahoni Krira Chokro that introduced modem football in ‘our country? ‘There are interesting traits in Kamal's character. He was the eldest son of a Prime Minister and later of a President. Yet, his life was very simple. He didn't take any advantage of his father's name and office. As he loved to spend time with his friends at Tungipara in his childhood, he loved to do the same during his college and university days. Watching ‘good movies with them in Madhumita, Naz, or Balaka cinema hall was also something that he really liked. Sheikh Kamal knew that there is no shortcut to success. He ‘groomed himself up as a young man who eamed success by dint of perseverance and commitment. When the Pakistan military began its genocide in Bangladesh he joined the liberation war and received military training at Camp Murtee, located at the Himalayan foothills in India. This tall young man who carried himself with dignity and possessed remarkable traits of leadership became the ADC of General Ataul Goni Osmani, the Commander in Chief of Bangladesh Armed Forces during the liberation war. After independence, Sheikh Kamal could easily remain in Bangladesh Army and pass a secure life but he preferred to, engage himself in country building and organizing the young forces to that end. Journalist Syed Ishtiag Reza, in ‘one of his columns "Ekjon Sheikh Kamal" in Bangla ‘Tribune, rightly says that hqzamigusesgualivignsp® Sheikh Kamal's character, especially’ his whole-hearted involvement in sports and culture, are never seen in any son or daughter of any President, Prime Minister or high officials in Bangladesh, This is unfortunate that just after 10 days of his 26 birthday and only after a month of his marriage with Sultana Kamal, Dhaka University Blue in athletics, his life was cut short by a group of cowardly killers. Both he and his wife along with Bangabandhu, Bangamata and most members of their family were assassinated, Read the above text and make a flow chart showing a synopsis of Sheikh Kamal’s birth and educational life. (one is done for you) [Sheikh Kamal, the eldest son of Bangabandhu modem football in our country?) 1. Born in |Gopalganj ‘Ans: »|2.]4]3.}+]4]}s]s.|>]6(ii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing | 2 Sheikh Kamal’s cocurricular activities. (one is done for you) [Sheikh Kamal, the eldest son of Bangabandhu ‘modem football in our country?) LA lbasketbatl | >| 2. a4 a Read the above text and make a flow chart showing Sheikh Kamal's eareer(one is done for you) [Sheikh Kamal knew that there is no shortcut their family were assassinated,] T. Participation] inthe > Liberation War| 2 Ans: ‘Read the passage and answer the following questions. Nishat Mazumder, a Bangladeshi woman in her early forties, is a sports icon. She comes of a modest background; her father is a businessman and her mother is a housewife. She is the second of four siblings. She is not very tall or well built, or does not have a charming princess look; but this apparently ordinary girl has three things that she can be proud of. These are: she has extraordinarily supportive parents who accepted her dreams as real; her father was a freedom fighter in the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971, and she scaled the highest peak in the world as the fast Bangladeshi girl in 2012, Nishat's life presents an inspirational story that the youth in Bangladesh needs to know Nishat was born on 5 January 1981 in a village called Teoti, which is situated in Ramganj upazila in Lakshmipur District. She completed her schooling from Bottomley Home Girls’ High School in 1997, and passed HSC from Shahid Anwar Girls' College in’ 1999. She camed her bachelor’s and master's degrees in Accounting from Dhaka City College, and currently works for Dhaka WASA as an accountant. She is also interested in different languages and cultures of the world, and has enrolled for her MA in Japan, Studies at Dhaka University. For us, Nishat's life comes | across as especially significant because it tells us how the influence of one person can motivate someone to dream big. As the daughter of a freedom fighter, Nishat had to face many obstacles in her life, but her mother, her role model, gave her courage and determination to overcome them and pursue her dreams. Ashura Mazumder, Nishat's, ‘mother, is a hardworking and understanding woman, who has been a pillar of support for her family in the direst of situations. Nishat learned from her mother how to keep ‘mental strength in calamitous moments of life. Learning from her, Nishat began her dream of conquering mountains. @ (Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the birth and education of Nishat Mazumder.(one is done | > for you) [Nishat was born on S January 1981 in a village sasnnsn Gfeam Of conquering mountains] T. Born on 5 Yanuary, |} 2.}>]3.]>]4.]>]s.}]6. 1981 CEREEREere TT Read the passage and answer the following questions. Once upon a time, there was a strange man who was highly bothered to see others' happiness. His own personal interest ‘was at any cost important to him, Neither was he a polite ‘man, nor did he like other people to be polite to each other. In fact, he hated the courteous and polite people around him and thus he hated a few expressions like please, thank you, don't mention it, ete. It troubled him a lot when people around were smiling to use these expressions. The man considered all these expressions extravagant. So, he took a mission to invent a device that would steal these polite words. He calculated two benefits from his efforts. One, people won't use these words and thus he would be relieved of his apathy to people's polite behaviour and the second one was earning money by selling the words stolen by the machine to somebody else. He took great caution so that nobody would understand his secret plan. After a few ‘months’ hard work, he succeeded in inventing the machine he desired for a long long time. ‘The machine started working and it gave the man complete satisfaction. People from their long practice would try to say — thank you, so kind of you, my pleasure, don't ‘mention it, etc. as to appreciate others or express gratitude. But their tongue could not produce these words. The ‘machine caught them, It resulted in a huge change in people's behaviour and attitudes. Gradually people became rough and tough, they lost their mental cool, they were blaming each other or fighting with each other. They became so selfish that they started refusing to help others without having a return for their service. Love, respect, affections, fellow feelings became some unknown words and, eventually, they were missing from people's practices. [Unit-03, Lesson-2 (Q] Read the above text and make a flow chart highlighting the traits of the strange man. (one is done for you) [Once upon a time, there was a strange man they were missing from people’ practices] 1. Highly, bothered to etiered to | >.) +]3.)+]4.[+]s.]>]6 happiness An Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the rensons that made the man invent a word-stealing machine. (one is done for you) [Once upon atime, there was a strange man they were missing from people's practices.) 1. Being set >| 2. | > (Ahitos, basspeg| dy) > | 6 centered 13Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the impact of the machine on people. (one is done for you) [Once upon a time, there was a strange man they ‘were missing from people's practices, 1 Drove away words of |>]2.]>]3.]>]4.]>]5.]>]6 polite expressions 2 Ans: Read the text and answer the following questions: ‘The man was terribly happy with his success, but he didn't count on two litle girls of special needs. They had speech difficulty and so they used to communicate using sign language. Since the machine couldn't steal gestures, these airls continued their previous practices of being kind and polite. Soon they realised the difference between them and ‘ther people which led them to investigate the reason. After much toil, they could discover the wicked man, who was in @ hideout on the top of @ hill next to the sea with his ‘enormous machine busy in capturing people's polite words and separating them into letters. The girls found the man taking a nap when they crept up to the machine and rewound it so that people could get back to their normal behaviour. AS a result, the machine exploded, scattering all the letters, it had gathered into the sky. After some moments, the letters started coming down, like rain, and ended up in the sea. After that, everyone became polite and respectful to each other again. The anger and the arguments stopped, proving that good manners are .very useful for keeping people together in a sprit of happiness Read the above text and make a flow chart showing how two girls of special needs helped people get back to their normal life. (one is done for you) [The man was terribly happy with his success people together in a spirit of happiness.] T Realised the difference between them and other people Read the passage and answer the following questions. ‘A plate of hot French fries and a huge burger with hot cheese oozing out of it, with a carbonated drink: looks like a treat! This calorie-rich junk food does look ‘mouthwatering but is known to be nutritionally poor. Junk food or fast food has become an increasingly popular food choice. Ideally, junk foods are defined as processed foods, ‘with negligible ‘nutrient value and are often high in salt, sugar and fat. But we often confuse fast foods with juffic~ foods. How are they different? Or what is junk food really? ERS oe) Junk foods are processed foods consisting of high calories, but that is considered only as a broad umbrella. These foods are prepared in a way that they look appealing and are enjoyable so you are chemically programmed to ask for more. According to Dr. Sunali Sharma, a Dietician & Nutritionist, "Commercial products including salted snack foods, chewing gum, candy, sugary desserts, fried fast food, ‘and sweetened carbonated beverages that have little or no nutrtional- value but are high in calories, salt, and fats may be considered-junk foods. Though not all fast foods are junk foods, a great number of them are. For instance, a salad may be fast food, but is definitely not junk food. Some foods like burgers, pizzas and tacos may alternate may junk and healthy categories depending on the ingredients, calories and process of manufacturing.” Frequent consumption of junk food increases the intake of excess fa, simple carbohydrates, and processed sugar which may lead to a higher risk of obesity and cardiovascular diseases, among other chronic health _problems. The resulting obesity may begin clogging up the arteries and lay the basis of an impending heart attack. It has also been suggested that eating junk food affects the brain in the same way as consuming addictive drugs. An addiction to junk food may even result in the rejection of healthier food options like fruits, vegetables, salads, etc. leading to further lack of nourishment. Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the list of junk food. (one is done for you) @ [Junk foods are processed ‘foods consisting of. further lack of nourishment.) Lsnack_]>(2.]> GB.) >(4]> GE] EE 2 Ans I (ii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the frequent consumption and effects of junk food. done for you) [Junk foods are processed foods consisting of. further lack of nourishment.) Kees’ |o]2.]s]3.)s]4.]>]s]>]6 fae 2 Ans: Read the passage and answer the following questions. Adolescents constitute a nation's core resource for national renewal and growth. Adolescence is a period in life when transition from childhood to adulthood takes place and behaviours and life styles are shaped. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), adolescence is the period which shapes the future of girls! and boys' lives. There are 28 million adolescents in Bangladesh; 13.7 million of them are girls and 14.3 million boys. The situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is characterised by inequality and subordination within the family and society. This inequality leads to widespread practice of child marriage, marginalisation or exclusion from health, education and economic opportunities, and vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse In Bangladesh, the legal age of marriage is 18 for girls and 21 for boys. However, 33 percent of adolescent girls are married before the age of 15 and 60 percent become mothers by the age of 19. Research finds that adolescents with higher level of education and from more affluent families tend to marry at a later age. Boys, however, 14become ready for marriage only after several years of adolescence and young adulthood. (@ Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh. (one is done for you) [Adolescents constitute a nation’s core resource vyears of adolescence and young adulthood] i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the benefits of meditatidinitdie Batome-DBraiii) [The act of thinking deeply and calmly .r.n.nn Creativity, self-awareness and tolerance. UReleases | 1). [3 ]_,[a lanxiet 2 Ans: T. Inequality land [subordination >| 2.|+]3. 2 Ans: Read the passage and answer the following questions. ‘The act of thinking deeply and calmly about something in a slate of heightened awareness is known as meditation. It is, fan approach to train up the mind, similar to the way that fitness is an approach to training the body. Voltaire explains, "Meditation is the dissolution of thoughts in etemal "awareness or pure consciousness without objectification, knowing without thinking, merging finitude in infinity From the ancient times, meditation has been a part of some religious traditions as'a way of achieving the body's release from worldly cares, and creating inner harmony. Meditation in our time is practiced by people to reduce stress and tension, and improve focus. There are trainers who help beginners with some exercises such as improved breathing and progressive relaxation. One of the most common approaches to meditation is concentration To develop concentration one needs to focus on a sin le point. Since focusing the mind is challenging, a beginner ‘might meditate for only a few minutes and then work up to longer durations. Meditation releases anxiety and brings a state of calmness Ie increases the thinking ability of human brain so that people have a better control of their emotions. Those who practice meditation can work tirelessly for a longer period of time. Meditation helps improve blood circulation in the brain and other parts of the body. Finally, meditation improves creativity, selawareness and tolerance. Read the above text and make a flow chart showing how meditation can be picked up (one is done for you) {The act of thinking deeply and calmly creativity, selfeawareness and tolerance.) @ Ttmproved |_| 5 loreathing _|>|2:| > [> showing Read the above text and make a flow chart i tion. (one is important featuresicharacteristies of medi done for you) [The act of thinking deeply and calmly self-awareness and tolerance.) creativity, T. Focused lanemion (> [2:7 |3:| >] 4] ]5-|>] 6 2 Ans: CESREG ne Read the passage and answer the following questions. Education gives us knowledge and a set of abilities to function meaningfully in life, such as the ability to decide things rationally and make the right choices. As we learn how to read, write and do the basic operations of arithmetic, wwe gain a degree of self-confidence. We learn to think for ourselves and articulate our thoughts; we pick up skills to communicate with others and manage our affairs well. Education helps us think independently and make our own opinions. As we know more about the world, we appreciate the good things it offers us but also become critical of the deviations from the values it imparts and the rise of hatred ‘conflict that follows. The fast thing education docs is to give us an awareness about ourselves which leads to the development of our personality. As we begin school, we feel the need to belong to the class and make friends. We then expand our sense of belonging to include the school at large, our community and finally our country. Education thus prepares every child to become an active member of the community and work for its welfare, [Unit-12, Lesson-T (B)} Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the functions of education. (one is done for you) [Education gives us knowledge and a set ‘community and work for its welfare. T. Giving us knowledge 2 Ans: of the a)2Ja]3 {npvories — Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the impacts of education on us. (one is done for you) [Education gives us knowledge and a set ‘community and work for its welfare.] 1 Ability to |dccide things rationally 2 Ans: «i of the C1 Read the passage and answer the following questions. Education, it is believed, releases our potentials and our inner strengths. It sharpens our intellect and develops our creativity. AS we are taught to reason well and find solutions to the problems of life we become productive ‘members of society. Education by definition is progressive and liberal, teaching us to respect human diversity and 150 @ cultural and religious differences. If all of us practise these values in life, the world becomes a much happier place. Education also fosters critical thinking and provides us a set ‘of competencies including life skills that enable us to become competitive even in the most challenging of circumstances. Education also teaches us to appreciate beauty and the bounties of nature. School, however, is not the only place where a child gets education. A Bangle poem tells us that nature can be our best teacher. Here are a couple of lines from the poem in English translation: ‘The sky has taught me to be liberal. The wind has given me the motto to be industrious. If we can make nature our friend, philosopher and guide, we can learn lessons about life that, combined with what our schools teach us, will prepare us for the future. Read the above fext and make a flow chart showing the functions of education.(one is done for you) [Education, it is believed, releases our potentials ‘will prepare us for the future] T Develops our| strength Ans: Read the passage and answer the following questions. Ecotourism is a booming business that many tour operators cite as being helpful to nature. Every year, millions of people descend on. protected and pristine natural areas to observe rare species. However, a new report casts doubt on the value of this form of tourism. In fact, it suggests that ecotourism is more damaging than helpful to nature. Details are in a report published in the journal "Trends in Ecology and Evolution’, Researchers believe tourists are disrupting animals in their natural habitat. They pointed to a recent event where sea turtles in Costa Rica had problems laying their eggs because of the hordes of tourists who had congregated to watch the turtles’ nesting habits. The report says that ecotourism is making animals bolder and that this could endanger the animals. A regular human presence might make animals tamer and less cautious about other animals around them, and this could put them at risk of being attacked by their natural threats. "Then they will suffer higher morality winen they encounter real predators, the report says. It added: "When animals interact in benign’ ‘ways with humans, they may let down their guard.” The report said it was essential "to develop amore comprehensive understanding of how different species in different situations respond to human visitation and under ‘what precise conditions human exposure might put them at risk Read the above text and make a short note in each of the boxes in the flow chart showing disadvantages of ecotourism. (one is done for you) [Ecotourism is a booming business that many = CESEEne enn) ) Read the above text and make a short note in each of the boxes in the flow chart showing aftermath of ecotourism. (one is done for you) {Ecotourism is a booming business that many ‘human exposure might put them at risk." T. Making animals bolder ‘Ans: 3)2.)s]3.]s]4 @ Read the passage and answer the following questions. The suecess of Kalsindur girls reads like an epic. They started their joumey with practically nothing. They didn't have any boots or jerseys to wear. Initially, they played wearing salwar and kamij. They also suffered from ‘malnutrition, What made them win against all adversities then? What was the magic behind? Mohammad Mafiz Uddin was an assistant teacher at Kalsindur Government Free Primary School where Minati Rani Sheel was the head teacher. They observed the girls’ interests in football and decided to help. It was however not that easy. Girls playing football is still not a common picture in Bangladesh. Guardians were not convinced as they were used to seeing girls helping mothers with household chores. A farmer, an auto-rickshaw driver, a tea-shop owner or a. housemaid mother couldn't be that ambitious either. But Minati Rani Sheet and Mohammad Mafiz Uddin persuaded them to allow their daughters to play. Being great motivators, the two teachers supported the girls in their effort to overcome the odds. They inspired them, created opportunities for them and took personal care of them. Soon the girls could prove themselves, shaking off their inhibition. Their success has also persuaded the villagers to come to their support. (Unit-0S, Lesson-5 (B)] Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the dreams of Martin Luther King Jr. (one is done for you) [The success of Kalsindur girls reads like “the villagers to come to their support.) T. Starting journey with lractically |>|2|>]3-|>] 4] >] 5] >] 6 lnothing. ead the patsage and answer the following questions. ‘When the ik toved tothe nearby secondo schon and Colleges they aint have thee gy Nea gp Male Uaain Sir with them, bu soak tha beP ARE person offre her helping and” Mala Rani Sarkar an Acct Profesor of Hany who as oie By one of for Colleagues, Mel Mix. They seed coach the gis, Mi Selatan, who was thon the head teacher ofthe scout also supported them. Gradually the lal community public representatives and the local administration came forward. Bangladesh Fotall Federation alo gave spell atenton fo hem and tnaly another fooball mexican, Golam Robban Choton the coach of the Banglaesh, Womens Nation! Football Tesmy mentored these ge and helped 16them become complete professional footballers. Now people realise what their golden girls could bring for them, "When these girls go from one place to another, even the auto-rickshaw pullers don't take any fare from them as they are the pride of the village. It's a small token of recognition but it's great!" says Mala Rani Sarkar, the Team Manager of Kalisindur Women's Football Team. She also adds that Kalsindur would present more female footballers in future, as of 2021 they are grooming another 65 girls to play for the nation, (Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the dreams of Martin Luther King Jr. (one is done for you) [When the girls moved to the nearby secondary another 65 girls to play for the nation. T. Patronization] lof Minati Maamand | >|2.]>]3.|>]4.|+]5.| | 6. Matiz Uddin ‘sir 2 Ans Read the passage and answer the following questions. We spend money for different reasons. We buy foods, clothes or everyday essentials, pay for different services entertain people, travel to places, help others in need or invest in business and thus spend money every day. In fact, spending is a part of our life. Spending may make us happy or unhappy depending on how and why we spend. When we spend money on things that we need and within our limit, it is good. When it becomes a compulsive behaviour, it makes life stressful Unnecessary spending or spending beyond one's means has some bad effects, For one thing, it may lead to financial ruin or debt, and for another, it may create unhappiness within families, People who overspend are never satisfied with what they have. They always rush for brands, fashion items, designer clothes, etc. Over a period of time it becomes an addiction which may eventually create psychological problems. [Unit-03, Lesson-5 (B)) ‘Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the bad effects of unnecessary spending or spending beyond one's means. (one is done for you) [We spend money for different reasons eventually create psychological problems.] T. Making life stressful AI @ a|3.js]4 Read ye text and make a flow chart why we spend money. (one is done for you) [We spend money for different reasons eventually create psychological problems.] T. To buy foods: Ans: showing a}2}o]3])al4a}o]s ne) C1 Read the passage and answer the following questions. When a girl gets married, she usually drops out of school and begins full-time work in her in-laws' household. In the in-laws’ house, she is marginalized. She becomes vulnerable to all forms of abuse, including dowry-related violence. In Bangladesh, itis stil common for a bride's family to pay dowry, despite the practice being illegal Dowry demands can also continue after the wedding. For an adolescent bride, even if her in-laws are supportive, there are greater health risks in terms of pregnancy and child birth, The majority of adolescent brides and their families are uninformed or insufficiently informed about reproductive health and contraception. The maternal mortality rate for adolescents is double the national rate When adolescent girls are pulled out of school, either for marriage or work, they often lose their mobility, their friends and social status. The lack of mobility among adolescent girls also curtail their economic and non-formal educational opportunities. Moreover, they lack infermation about health issues. According to a study, only about three in five adolescents have even heard of HIV. It is also reported that more than 50 percent of adolescent girls are undemourished and suffer from anaemia, Adolescent fertility is also high in Bangladesh. The contribution of the adolescent fertility rate to the total fertility rate increased fom 20.3% in 1993 to 24.4% in 2007, Moreover, neonatal ‘mortality is another concern for younger mothers. While the situation for adolescent boys is somewhat better, many are vulnerable and lack the power to make decisions about their own lives. Many boys who are unable to go to school, or are unemployed, remain unaware of social or health issues. They are at considerable risk of being drawn into criminal activities. They are also more likely to get exposed t0 drugs and alcohol. (Unit-04, Lesson-2 (B)] Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the conditions of a girl after getting married. (one is done for you) [When a girl gets married, she usually drops out is double the national rate] @ T. Dropping 7 (aera) [2] [3 : 2 Ans: Read the passage and answer the following ques When adolescent girls are pulled out of school, either for marriage or work, they often lose their mobility, their friends and social status, The lack of mobility among adolescent girls also curtails their economic and non-formal ‘educational opportunities. Moreover, they lack information about health issues. According to a study, only about three in five adolescents have even heard of HIV, It is also reported that more than 50 percent of adolescent girls are undernourished and suffer from anaemia, Adolescent fertility is also high in Bangladesh, The contribution of the adolescent fertility rate to the total fertility rate increased from 20.3% in 1993 to 24.4% in 2007. Moreover, neonatal mortality is another concern for younger mothers. While the situation for adolescent boys is somewhat better, many are vulnerable and lack the power to make decisions about their own lives. Many boys who are unable to go to school, or are unemployed, remain unaware of social or 17hicalth issues. They are at considerable risk of being drawn into criminal activities. They are also more likely to get exposed to drugs and alcohol. (Unit-04, Lesson-2 (B)] (@__ Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the conditions of adolescent girls in Bangladesh. (one is ) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the dreams of Martin Luther King Jr. (one is done for you) [.. (The Negro is still not free .. the He... sit down together atthe table of brotherhood.] i te fr yon) uinderedty | .19 | 31/4) o{s|ol« [When adolescent gil ae pulled out of school... 8} | the manacls fhe concern for younger mothers] of sarewaion 1. Pulling | > 3 lowtot Jof2]oia]o/a|o|{s|ofe r ischool fume 2 = (1 Read the passage and answer the following questions. Thave a dream today. T have a dream that one day down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of ‘interposition’ and ‘nullification’, that one day right down in Alabama little black boys and black girls, will be able to join hands with little white boys and white sirls as sisters and brothers. (Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the dreams of Martin Luther King Jr. (one is done for you) [T have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia as sisters and brothers, T Former slaves and slave owners [>] 2. of 3. fo] 4. [ol 5. [>] advancing towards brotherhood 2 A TT ‘C1 Read the passage and answer the following questions. (Tyhe Negro is still not free... the life of the Negro is, still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. .. (T)he Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. .(Tyhe Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition I say fo you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, | still have a dream. Itis a dream deeply rooted in the American dream, Thave a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live cout the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal.” T have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners ill be able to sit down together atthe table of brotherhood. EE Tee) @ Read the passage and answer the following questions. (The Negro is still not free. .. the life of the Negro is Still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. ... (T)he Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. ..(T)he Negro is still languishing in the comers of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. Its, a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. Thave a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live ‘out the true meaning of its ereed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal." Thave a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners Will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood Thave a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. Thave a dream that my four litle children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. Thave a dream today. Thave a dream that one day down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping ‘with the words of ‘interposition’ and ‘nullification’, that one day right down in Alabama little black boys and black girls, will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls a sisters and brothers... [Unit-02, Lesson-3 (B)] Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the dreams of Martin Luther King Jr. (one is done for you) [he Negro is still not free .. the life... white boys, and white girls as sisters and brothers, 1 Torid »|2.)>]3.)>]4]>]s.]> themselves of . “ : apartheid Read the passage and answer the following questions. Education aims to bring about positive changes in our behavior. It helps us try to change our lives as well as the society we live in. Education that does not illuminate our minds or does not inspire us to work for the community is, 18not complete at all. Education is not all about getting grades, oo receiving certificates—we use education to make life better. We are expected to apply the knowledge, skills and values that we learn in a classroom in our engagement with the world that lies outside. And we can do so in many different ways. Let's have a look at how education works, Learners’ civic engagement is highly appreciated all over the world. Civic engagement means working to make a difference in the civic life (the public life of the citizens as, contrasted with private or personal life) of the community using knowledge, skills, values and motivation, Civic engagement promotes the quality of life in a community by contributing to the improvement of health and wellbeing of the people, Civically engaged individuals recognize themselves as, members of a larger social community and are concerned about civie issues. They consider themselves responsible citizens who take action or raise their voices against injustice, discrimination and other forms of social ils (Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the importance of education. (one is done for you) [Education aims to bring about positive ..... discrimination and other forms of social ills] T. Brings labout Ipositive |] 2)>]3.}>]4.]>]s|]6. Ichanges in lbehavior 2 Read the passage and answer the following questions. Learners' civic engagement is highly appreciated all over the world. Civic engagement means working to make a difference in the civic life (the public life of the citizens as, contrasted with private or personal life) of the community using knowledge, skills, values and motivation. Civic engagement promotes the quality of life in a community by contributing to the improvement of health and wellbeing of the people. Civically engaged individuals recognize themselves as members of a larger social community and are concerned about civic issues. They consider themselves responsible citizens who take action or raise their voices against injustice, discrimination and other forms of social ils, In civic engagement, issues of public concern are crucial Civie engagement includes individual or group activities to protect public interests and change the way the community values itself. For example, if you are protesting against any unjust decision of the local municipality such as raising taxes or an act that might work against people's interests, you are civically engaged and your action is considered a civic engagement. This protest can be done in different ways such as organizing rallies, collecting signatures, making human chains, writing petitions, ete. You can also help control traffic in front of a school, help children to cross the roads, work in a team to clean a park or a sea beach, You can also give some services to elderly people. ‘These are all examples of civic engagement as what you do direetly affects the community, (Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the importance of civic engagement. (one is done for you) [Leamers’ civic engagement is highly appreciated ... rou do directly affects the community] 1, Promotes tne quality off | 2.]->]3.]>]4.]+]5.] +] 6 life > Gi) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the characterises of learners civic engagement. (one done for you) [Learners eivie engagement is highly appreciated you do diecly affects the community] 1. Highly’ 3 lappreciated cell ep as [| > Ans: wy) ace fi Read the passage and answer the following questions. Shilpi was only 15 years old when she married Rashid in 2008, Marrying off daughters at an carly age is a standard practice for many families living in rural Bangladesh. After her wedding, Shilpi joined a local empowerment group that, provides adolescent girls with the tools needed to gradually change cultural practices, particularly those pertaining to early marriage and pregnancy. The group's activities include discussions on how to most effectively change behaviour related to reproductive health as well as one-on- ‘one counselling. It also offers peer-to-peer support and life skills taining that help adolescents say no to early marriage. The empowerment group is one of more than 10,000 groups supported by some local Non Government Organizations (NGOs) working all over Bangladesh. These NGOs work through Canada's Adolescent Reproductive Health Project which also aims to inerease access to quality health services for adolescents. During one of the group sessions, Shilpi came to understand the potentially harmful cffects of early marriage and pregnancy. While maternal mortality in Bangladesh has declined by nearly 40 percent since 2001, the rate remains high with 194 maternal deaths per 1,00,000, live births in 2010- dropping from 322 in 2001 with a projected decrease to 143, bby 2015. Girls who get pregnant are at risk of serious health, complications. These include dangerous hemorthage and fistula, a painful internal injury caused by obstructed childbirth that commonly leads to serious maternal morbidities and social exclusion, When Shilpi heard about those risks, she invited her husband, Rashid, to discuss pregnancy with a counsellor. ‘After hearing about the risks, Rashid agreed to delay having children for five years despite pressures from his parents and neighbours to produce an offspring. Together, the couple met with a female health care provider, who informed them about the various family planning options available, Shilpi's mother-in-law and neighbours continued 10 pressurize the newlyweds. Deeply rooted cultural practices and traditions caused a rift between Shilpi and Rashid and their extended family, some of whose memebers insulted 19