Cell Membrane. Bio 1

Structure and Functions
of the Cell Membrane
General Biology 1
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
What is your notion
of cholesterol?
2
LDL cholesterol can
clog the arterial
walls.
3
Despite its
harmful effects,
cholesterol is an
important
Cholesterol
structural
component of
the plasma
membrane of
cells.
4
● Describe the structural components of the
cell membrane (STEM_BIO11/12-Ig-h-11).
● Relate the structure and composition of the

cell membrane to its function (STEM_BIO
11/12-Ig-h-12).
5
● Identify the different structural components of
the plasma membrane.
● Describe the diverse roles of proteins in the

membrane.
● Compare membrane permeability for polar and

nonpolar molecules.
6
Functions of the Plasma Membrane
primary barrier of
the cell
General Functions
of Cell Membrane
receives
allows the cell to
information or
move and grow
stimulus
7
Structural Components of Plasma Membrane
The cell membrane

consists of a diversity of
lipids, carbohydrates, and
proteins.
8
Phospholipid Bilayer
Molecules Embedded
in the Membrane
Membrane Proteins
Carbohydrate Chains The aqueous nature of the intracellular and

extracellular environments energetically favors the
formation of the phospholipid bilayer. 9
Phospholipid Bilayer prevents the

membrane from
becoming too fluid at
Molecules Embedded higher temperatures
in the Membrane
Membrane Proteins prevents the

membrane from
Cholesterol becoming too solid at
lower temperatures
Carbohydrate Chains
10
Phospholipid Bilayer It imparts flexibility to the

membrane which is
important for cells that
Molecules Embedded particularly move.
in the Membrane Importance
of Fluidity
Membrane Proteins The fluidity allows the
synthesized membrane
proteins and phospholipids
to be easily incorporated
Carbohydrate Chains into the membrane.
11
Molecules Embedded
in the Membrane
Membrane Proteins
Carbohydrate Chains The unicellular amoeba is capable of moving using its

pseudopods or false feet because of the natural fluidity
of the plasma membrane. 12
Molecules Embedded
in the Membrane
Membrane Proteins
The presence of double bonds in fatty acids helps

Carbohydrate Chains maintain membrane fluidity.
14
Saturated bonds (no
double bond) will push
Molecules Embedded against each other at
in the Membrane low temperatures
making the membrane
more viscous and rigid.
Membrane Proteins

15
Phospholipid Bilayer The presence of kinks

push adjacent
phospholipids to
Molecules Embedded maintain fluidity at low
in the Membrane
temperatures.
Membrane Proteins

16
Transport proteins may
either be channel proteins
or carrier proteins.
Molecules Embedded Transport

in the Membrane
Adhesion
Membrane Proteins
Recognition
Carbohydrate Chains Receptor
17
Adhesion proteins fasten
adjacent cells together in
animal tissues.

in the Membrane
Adhesion
Membrane Proteins
Recognition
18
Recognition proteins help in recognition
when the body is being invaded by
Phospholipid Bilayer pathogens so that the necessary immune
response may be triggered.

in the Membrane
Adhesion
Membrane Proteins
Recognition
19
Receptor proteins have certain

shapes that allow only specific
Phospholipid Bilayer molecules to bind to them.

in the Membrane
Adhesion
Membrane Proteins
Recognition
20
Phospholipid Bilayer Glycolipid

Glycoprotein Carbohydrate (Carbohydrate +
Lipid)
(Carbohydrate + Protein)
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Molecules Embedded Protein
in the Membrane
Membrane Proteins
Carbohydrate Chains
The carbohydrate chains occur only on the outside surface
of the lipid bilayer or on the peripheral proteins. 21
Permeability of the Cell Membrane
Selectively permeable
● polar and larger
molecules
● small, non-charged
molecules
● concentration
gradient
Small, uncharged particles trying to cross the

plasma membrane 22
Impermeable
polar molecules large molecules
amino nucleic
glucose proteins
acids acids
Molecules that require energy expenditure

for them to be transported across the membrane
23
Permeable
Lipids Alcohol small molecules
carbon
oxygen nitrogen dioxide
water
Molecules that are free to move across the membrane

24
Identify the correct term being described in each item.
1.This term describes the membrane’s structure because

of the diverse protein molecules suspended in a fluid
of phospholipid bilayer.
2.These are phospholipid molecules with attached
carbohydrate chains.
3.These are protein molecules on the cell surface with
attached carbohydrate chains.
25
Determine the accuracy of each of the following
statements. Write true if the statement is correct and false
if otherwise.
1. The fluidity of the plasma membrane is attributed to

the diversity of membrane proteins.
2. The carbohydrates attached to peripheral proteins
contribute to cellular recognition.
3. Hormones or chemical messengers bind to adhesion
proteins.
26
● The plasma membrane is described by the fluid
mosaic model because its structure is composed
of diverse protein molecules embedded in a
mosaic-like fashion in the fluid phospholipid
bilayer.
27
● The phospholipids with the attached
carbohydrates chains are called glycolipids and
proteins with carbohydrate chains are called
glycoproteins which can be found on the outside
surface of the cell. They usually function for cell-
cell recognition.
28
● Diverse proteins are associated with the plasma
membrane, and they are functionally classified
into whether they transport molecules, aid in the
recognition of other cells, or whether they
determine the presence of substances in the
extracellular environment.
29
● The phospholipid bilayer is selectively permeable
because it only allows certain substances into cells
while keeping others out. The size and the
chemical nature of the molecules are important
determiners of the permeability of the membrane
to certain substances.
30
● The molecules that pass through the plasma
membrane follow a concentration gradient wherein
they move from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration.
31
The structural components and functions of the plasma membrane
32

Cell Membrane. Bio 1

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Cell Membrane. Bio 1

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Structure and Functions

of the Cell Membrane

● Relate the structure and composition of the

● Describe the diverse roles of proteins in the

● Compare membrane permeability for polar and

The cell membrane

Carbohydrate Chains The aqueous nature of the intracellular and

Phospholipid Bilayer prevents the

Membrane Proteins prevents the

Phospholipid Bilayer It imparts flexibility to the

Carbohydrate Chains The unicellular amoeba is capable of moving using its

The presence of double bonds in fatty acids helps

The presence of double bonds in fatty acids helps

Phospholipid Bilayer The presence of kinks

The presence of double bonds in fatty acids helps

Molecules Embedded Transport

Carbohydrate Chains Receptor

Molecules Embedded Transport

Carbohydrate Chains Receptor

Molecules Embedded Transport

Carbohydrate Chains Receptor

Receptor proteins have certain

Molecules Embedded Transport

Carbohydrate Chains Receptor

Phospholipid Bilayer Glycolipid

Small, uncharged particles trying to cross the

polar molecules large molecules

Molecules that require energy expenditure

Lipids Alcohol small molecules

Molecules that are free to move across the membrane

1.This term describes the membrane’s structure because

1. The fluidity of the plasma membrane is attributed to

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