Tuscarora legacy of J.N.B. Hewitt / J.N.B. Hewitt wa ekhiríhwaye O skarùre: Volume 2: Materials for the study of the Tuscarora language and culture / Yerihetyá khwa ha uwe teh tíhsne urihwakà ye skarù re
- alone (a poem for example), - or with your friends (a short play or an interview for example).
Ask your teacher!
Who is Sibawaih ?
Abū Bishr ʻAmr ibn ʻUthmān ibn Qanbar Al-Bishrī (known as
Sībawaih*) was a brilliant grammarian, phonetician and lexicographer born in Persia.
He was the student of Al Khalil Ibn Ahmed, who invented the
four short vowel forms, as well as the ‘hamza’ (glottal stop) and the ‘chadda’ (geminate).
He wrote one book, El Kitab, which over the centuries, has
become, and rightly so, the infaillible reference in the area of Arabic syntax.
He was a contemporary of Calife Harun ar Rashid.
Sibawaih died in 796 at the age of 40.
Mostefa LACHERAF,
Des Noms et des Lieux,
Casbah Editions, 1998
*Sibawaih means the sweet fragrance of apples.
THE BOOK IS DEAD
MONEY ! MONEY !! MONEY !!!
C.E.F.R LEVELS OF LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY “A” Levels: Basic User “B” Levels: Independent User “C” Levels: Proficient User A1 : Starter B1 : Threshold C1 : Operational Proficiency At the A1 CEFR level, a language At the B1 CEFR level, a language At the C1 CEFR level, a language learner can: learner can: learner can: Understand and use very basic Understand points regarding family, Understand a wide range of longer expressions to satisfy concrete work, school or leisure-related and more demanding texts or needs. topics. conversations. Introduce themselves and ask others Deal with most travel situations in Express ideas without too much questions about personal details. areas where the language is spoken. searching. Interact simply as long as the other Create simple texts on topics of Effectively use the language for person speaks slowly and clearly. personal interest. social, academic or professional Describe experiences, events, situations. dreams, and ambitions, as well as Create well-structured and detailed A2 : Wastage opinions or plans in brief. texts on complex topics.
At the A2 CEFR level, a language
learner can: B2 : Vantage C2 : Native-like Understand frequently used At the B2 CEFR level, a language At the C2 CEFR level, a language expressions in most intermediate learner can: learner can: areas such as shopping, family, employment, etc. Understand the main ideas of a Understand almost everything read Complete tasks that are routine and complex text such as a technical or heard with ease. involve a direct exchange of piece related to their field. Summarize information from a information. Spontaneously interact without too variety of sources into a coherent Describe matters of immediate need much strain for either the learner or presentation. in simple terms. the native speaker. Express themselves using precise Produce a detailed text on a wide meaning in complex scenarios. range of subjects. TAPESCRIPTS LEVEL 3 CEFR A1-3/3
Tuscarora legacy of J.N.B. Hewitt / J.N.B. Hewitt wa ekhiríhwaye O skarùre: Volume 2: Materials for the study of the Tuscarora language and culture / Yerihetyá khwa ha uwe teh tíhsne urihwakà ye skarù re