The diagram below shows how geothermal energy is used to produce electricity.

1, Introduction (Paraphrase): The diagram / picture describes/ illustrates the process

by which geothermal energy is harnessed to produce/generate electricity
2, Overview
- How many steps/ stages there are:
● Stage: Generalize (3) → List
● Step: … steps, starting with … and ending with ….
- Linear / Cyclical
- Difference(s)
Overall, this linear process encompasses six key steps, commencing with the injection
of cold water into the Earth and culminating with the production of electricity. It is also
important to note that half of the steps occur underground, while the other half take
place overground.

Overall, this linear process encompasses six key steps, half of which take place
underground while the other half occur overground.
Body 1
Beginning with the first half, cold water is stored in a tank and then pumped down
through an injection well into the Earth’s crust to a depth of 4.5 kilometers. This well
channels the water through the geothermal zone filled with hot rocks. Upon passing this
zone, the water is heated up and subsequently directed to a production well, from which
it is brought back up/ pumped back up / pushed upwards to the surface.

-> the newly heated water is subsequently directed to a production well ….

First, Second, Third → NO NO NO

● Linking devices: Then/ Subsequently/ Upon passing …/ Following …/ After that
… / Before/ Prior to
● Referencing
● Relative clause: which/ when/ where
● Paraphrase (The result)

Beginning with the first half, cold water is stored in a tank and then pumped down
through an injection well into the Earth’s crust to a depth of 4.5 kilometers, reaching the
geothermal zone where the rocks are hot. As the water comes into contact with these
rocks, it gets heated up and is then directed to a production well, from which it is
pumped back up to the surface.

Body 2
Overground, a condenser is set up to collect the hot water and send its steam to a
turbine through a narrow opening. The steam activates the rotation of the turbine, which
in turn drives a generator to which it is connected. Thereafter, the generator converts
the mechanical energy from the turbine into electricity, which is finally distributed/
transmitted to electrical towers.
The diagram below shows the process of electricity production.

STAGE 1: Coal combustion

STAGE 2: Syngas purification
STAGE 3: Electricity production

The picture illustrates how electricity is produced from coal.

Overall, this process encompasses three main stages, which are coal combustion, syngas
purification, and electricity production. It is also important to note that this method generates
electricity not only via gas turbines but also indirectly through heat recovery mechanisms.

Initially, coal is fed into a furnace, with oxygen also introduced to facilitate its combustion.
During this phase, two main byproducts are formed: slag and raw syngas. While the former
seems to be a waste product, the raw syngas undergoes further refinement. Specifically, it is
directed through a removal system which filters out CO2, mercury, and sulfur, resulting in
purified syngas.

This purified syngas then fuels a gas turbine, which works in tandem with a generator to
produce electricity. Concurrently, the hot exhaust gasses emitted during this stage pass
through a heat recovery steam generator. This system harnesses the exhaust's heat to
generate steam. This steam then propels a steam turbine that, in turn, drives a generator to
produce more electricity. Therefore, the entire system capitalizes on both the syngas produced
from the coal and the thermal energy from the hot exhaust gasses to maximize electricity
production.
The diagram below shows the life cycle of a species of large fish called the
salmon.
The picture describes how a salmon develops over the course of its lifetime.
Overall, the salmon undergoes three main developmental stages, which take place
in three different environments. The entire growth process, from birth to
adulthood, spans nearly a decade.

The salmon starts its life cycle as an egg among many others. These eggs are laid/
positioned beneath small stones/ pebbles surrounded by reeds in a slow-moving
upper river. Once an egg hatches about half a year after being laid, it produces a
fry, roughly 3 to 8 centimeters (cm) long.

The next step is for the fry to swim to the lower river whose current is faster. After
remaining here for approximately 4 years, the fry transitions/ develops into a 12-to-
15-cm smolt, and heads for the open sea.

The smolt spends around 5 years in the open sea, and after that, it increases
roughly sixfold in size, reaching its final form as an adult salmon, which measures
70 to 76 cm. Thereafter, this fish returns to the upper river to lay its eggs, thereby
restarting the cycle.
The diagrams below show how sand dunes are formed

The diagrams describe (the stages in) the formation of sand dunes under the influence
of wind.
Overall, the progressive accumulation of sand grains over time is catalyzed by the
wind’s direction, on both dry and wet ground surfaces. In light of this, initial small piles
grow into larger sand dune structures.
Overall, wind plays a pivotal role in transporting sand particles, while wet grounds
provide a necessary base for the sand particles to gather and build upon, leading to the
formation/ development of a sand dune.
In the earliest stage, the wind direction is consistent, blowing sand particles across a
surface with both wet and dry patches. The sand particles move across the dry ground
easily, but begin to accumulate on the wet ground, where their movement is halted,
resulting in a small mound of sand.
The sand particles are carried by the direction of the wind until they reach the wet area,
where they begin to accumulate due to moisture making it difficult to move further. As
more sand gathers, the particles start to pile up, creating a small mound.

This small mound of sand, formed on the wet ground, continues to grow due to the
continuous deposition of sand, which leads to a more noticeable mound. By the third
stage, the mound has developed into a well-defined, large dune. This dune is significant
enough to change/ influence the wind’s direction, causing it to ascend on one side of the
dune and descend on the other. This dynamic further contributes to the movement of
sand particles, indicating the ongoing process that can result in the formation /
development of multiple sand dunes.
HW (Due 6/3/2024): The diagram below shows how the Australian Bureau of
Meteorology collects up-to-the-minute information on the weather in order to
produce reliable forecasts.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.

Collecting data from various sources → analyzed, processed → disseminated to the public
through different means
Computerized