Fitelo

Training Presentation March, 2023

Introduction to Diabetes

110
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Karan

Neha Kumari Singh left

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Mechanism
2 3 4 5

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Carbohydrates Insulin is Glucose enters Karan

breakdown to Glucose enters synthesized by the cells of the
Consumption of glucose after the blood to be the pancreas in body with the
carbohydrates digestion transported to all response to rise help of insulin, t
(glycogen to parts of body in blood glucose be used for
glucose) levels energy
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Mechanism
2 3 4 5

Karan

Carbohydrates Insulin is Glucose enters

breakdown to Glucose enters synthesized by the cells of the
Consumption of glucose after the blood to be the pancreas in body with the
carbohydrates digestion transported to all response to rise help of insulin, to
(glycogen to parts of body in blood glucose be used for
glucose) levels energy
Karan is preseiAg
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Hormones released by different Endocrine glands

Hormone Secreting gland(s) Function
Thyroid hormone Thyroid Helps control several body functions, including the rate of metabolism and energy levels
Insulin Pancreas Helps reduce your blood glucose levels
Glucagon Pancreas Helps increase levels of blood glucose (blood sugar) Karan
Adrenaline Adrenal Increases blood pressure, heart rate, and metabolism in reaction to stress
Aldosterone Adrenal Controls the body's salt and water balance
Cortisol Adrenal Plays a role in stress response
(DHEA-S) Adrenal Aids in production of body odour and growth of body hair during puberty
Estrogen Ovary Regulate the menstrual cycle and develop female sex characteristics, aids in sperm production
FSH Pituitary Controls the production of eggs and sperm
Luteinizing hormone (LH) Pituitary Controls estrogen and testosterone production as well as ovulation
Melatonin Pineal Controls sleep-wake cycles
Oxytocin Pituitary Helps with lactation, childbirth,and mother-child bonding
Parathyroid hormone Parathyroid Controls calcium levels in bones and blood
Progesterone Ovary Helps prepare the body for pregnancy when an egg is fertilized
Prolactin Pituitary Promotes breast-milk production
Testosterone Ovary, adrenal Contributes to sex drive and body density and development of male sex characteristics

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Lock and Key

HOW DOES INSULIN WORK?

Glucose Insulin is the key Glucose channel open, Karan

Insulin Glucose channel
that uniocks the glucose to enter
glucose channel the cell
(closed)

Insulin
receptor

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aec-qkbp-odk Lock and Key
HOWDOES INSULIN WORK?
Glucose -Insulin is the key Glucose hannel open,
Insulin that unlocks the glucose to enter
Glucose channel glucose channel the cel
(closed)

Insulin
receptor

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What and How

What is diabetes? How is it diagnosed?
Diabetes is due to ether the pancreas Your doctor can diagnose diabetes.
not producing enough insulin, or the prediabetes, and gestationaldiabetes using
cells of the body not responding Karan
property to the insulin produced
blood tests The blood tests show if your
blood glucose level. also called blood sugar,
Healthy nsuin
recEptor
is higher than the range that is healthy for
you Blood tests can also help identify the
type of diabetes you have

Type2 insun
Kepta

insn
nd o

Insulin is a very important hormone secreted by Pancreas. It helps your body turn food into energy and controls blood glucose levels.
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Treatment: From Diagnosis to treatment
Diabetes Management

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Insulin Medicine Monitor

Type 2:- Metformin is the most common medicine for type 2 diabetes. It can help keep your blood sugar at a healthy level.
Doctors may prescribe combination therapy to people with type 2 diabetes who have high blood glucose levels despite relying
on treatment with metformin or another medication

Somebody who is on Insulin and the amount is more than 50 units we do not take such cases.

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Treatment: From Diagnosis to treatment
Diabetes Management

Karan

Insulin Medicine Monitor

Type 2:- Metformin is the most common medicine for type 2diabetes. It can help keep your blood sugar at a healthy level.
Doctors may prescribe combination therapy to people with type 2 diabetes who have high blood glucose levels despite relying
on treatment with metformin or another medication

Somebody who is on Insulin and the amount is more than 50 units we do not take such cases.

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Types

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Type 1 Type 2 Gestational

A chronic condition in which the A chronic condition that affects the A form of high blood sugar affecting
pancreas produce little or no way the body processes blood pregnant women.
insulin. sugar(glucose).

Cases we don't take:- Type 1, Mody(Maturity onset diabetes of the young before 30 y). gestational
and neonatal diabetes(rare form of diabetes that occurs within first 6m of life of a baby).
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Diagrammatic Representation
Cells do not When she is Gestational Diabetes
pregnant Sometimes these
No Insulin respond to insulin A woman's homones afect the Karan
body makes pancreas
many
hormones

Glucose
Insulin
Type 1Diabetes Type 2Diatbetes
The woman has
higher biood sugar
Cells donot absorb glucose The pancreas produces
less eftective insuln

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Causes
1. What causes type 1 diabetes?
Itoccurs when your immune system, the body's system for fighting infection, attacks and destroys the insulin-producin
beta cells of the pancreas Karan

2. What causes type 2 diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes--the most common form of diabetesis caused by several factors, including lifestyle factors and genes
Overweight, obesity, and physical inactivity, Insulin resistance, Genes and family history.
3. What causes gestational diabetes?
Insulin resistance:-Hormones produced by the placenta contribute to insulin resistance, which occurs in all women
During late pregnancy Most pregnant women can produce enough insulin toovercome insulin resistance, but some cannof
Gestational diabetes occurs when the pancreas can't make enough insulin.
Genes and family history

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Symptoms: Recognizing the signs
SYMPTOMS OF TYPE 1 DIABETES SYMPTOMS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES Gestational Diabetes
Abnormal thirst and Excessive thirst and
dry mouth dry mouth

Frequent and
Frequent urination abundant urination Feeling thirsty

Lack of energy. Lack of energy. Feeling hungry High blood

fatigue extreme tiredness sugar

Blurred vision Blurred vision

abc

Constant hunger Recurrent fungal infections

of the skin Karan
Blurry vision Tingling limbs
Sudden weight loss Slow healing wounds

Tingling or numbness
Bed-wetting in hands and feet Frequent urination
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Blood Sugar Control

High blood sugar
Raises blood sugar Promotes
insulin
release

Stimulates glycogen
breakdown
Glucagon

Glycogen Glucose Pancreas

Liver
Stimulates Insulin
glycogen formaton
Stimulates
glucose
uptake Karan
Tissue cells from Promotes
Lowers blood sugar blood glucagon
release

Low blood sugar

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Healthy range
Fasting Healthy 80 to 100 mgdl Prediabetes can be reversed with diet if
Pre diabetes 100-120 mg/dl doctor has not recommended medicines
Diabetic more than 120mg/dl

PP Healthy 100 to 140 mgdl

Diabetic more than 140 mg/di

5.6 HbA1c Normal less than or equal to 6.6 Prediabetes can be reversed with diet if doctor ha
not recommended medicines.
Prediabetic 6.7 to 6.4
Diabetic with HbA1c 6.5 Or more cannot be revers
Diabetic more than 6.5 ,dosage can be reduced.
Karan
Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) is your average blood glucose levels for
last 3m

|Fasting blond sugar (12-hr empty stomach) PP (after food)-2 hours

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Healthy range
Fasting Healthy 80 to 100 mgdl Prediabetes can be reversed with diet if
Pre diabetes 100-120 mg/dl doctor has not recommended medicines
Diabetic more than 120mg/dl
Karan

PP Healthy 100 to 140 mgdl

Diabetic more than 140mg/dl

5.6 HbA1c Normal less than or equal to 6.6 Prediabetes can be reversed with diet if doctor has
not recommended medicines.
Prediabetic 5.7 to 6.4 Diabetic with HbA1c 6.5 Or more cannot be reversed
Diabetic more than 6.5 .dosage can be reduced.

Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) is your average blood glucose levels for

last 3m.

Fasting blond sugar (12-hr empty stomach) PP (after food)-2 hours

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Food items to Avoid and Enjoy

Diet Planned in Fitelo is according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines
Avoid trans fats- Trans fats are unhealthy
Include fruits and
fats and are present in butter, Dalda etc The
major dietary sources of trans fats are cakes, vegetables, (spinach kale,cabbage Karan
cookies, crackers, animal products, margarine choy, broccoli, brown rice,whole grain
fried potatoes.potato chips, cereals.popcorn,etc bread,whole grain
")}} pasta,buckwheat kidney beans, black
Eat fewer processed foods, Avoid hofug beans,walnuts, citrus fruits)
especially ultra-processed
foods.Ultra-processed foods tend to be lower in Eat lean protein -Plain Greek
nutrients and fiber and higher in sugar, fat and yogurt, Skinless white meat poultry, Low
salt compared to minim ally processed foods fat cottage cheese, Tofu, egg white fish
Some examples of ultra-processed foods include
soda. packaged cookies, chips, frozen meals. Choose foods with less added
flavored nuts flavored yogurt. alcoholic beverages
and fast foods sugar Vegetables carrots, onions
mushrooms, broccoli Grains brown rice.
High GI foods, alcohol.Carbohydrate quinoa, oats
foods that are broken down quickly by your
body and cause a rapid increase in blood
glucose have a high Gl. Examples sugar, white
bread otatoes,white rice,sugary drinks, etc
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Yoga for Diabetes

Benefits of YOGA Certain yoga practices can help to regulate

blood sugar levels
Kapalbhat Pranayama
Nadi Shodhan Pranayama, and
" Mandukasana (Frog Pose)
KAPALBNATI

Kapalbhati Mandukasana

Nadi Shodhan Pranayama

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Frequently asked questions

No, as it depends upon lot of factors Iike incidence,alcohol intake

Is Diabetes reversible? smoking, sleep and stress It can be controlled with right diet, exercise and Karan
lifestyle changes Only pre diabetics are reversible provided the clent is
on no medication

Ahemoglobin A1C (HbA1C)test is a blood test that shows what your

What is HbA1c? average blood sugar (glucose) level was over the past three months

Have prediabetes, are overweight, are 45 years or older, family

Who are at risk of Diabetes? history of type 2 diabetes, are physically active less than 3 times a
week.

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