PATHOLOGY

RGUHS ANSWERS_2021
10 MARKERS

1 June
Define inflammation. Describe in detail the vascular events 2010
of inflammation.
Define Inflammation Discuss in detail the cellular events in acute June 2012
inflammation.
Define and classify inflammation. Describe cellular events in acute June 2013
inflammation.
Define inflammation. Describe the cellular events of inflammation June 2016
Define inflammation. Describe the clinical signs and vascular events of Dec 2017
acute inflammation.
Nov 2020
Define inflammation. Describe the vascular events in inflammation

2 Dec
Define neoplasia. Enumerate the differences between benign 2010
and malignant tumours.
Define and classify neoplasia. Describe the differences between benign Dec 2013
and malignant tumours
Define Neoplasm. Write all the differences between benign and June 2014
malignant neoplasms.
Define Neoplasia. Classify Neoplasms. Describe the routes of spread of Dec 2016
malignant neoplasms.
Define Neoplasia. Mention the difference between benign and June 2019
malignant tumours and routes of Spread of malignant tumours.
(2+4+4=10)

3 Define diabetes mellitus. Discuss Laboratory diagnosis and June

complications of diabetes mellitus. 2011
Classify diabetes mellitus. Discuss the etiopathogenesis and laboratory June
findings in diabetes mellitus. 2018

4 Define embolism. Discuss pulmonary embolism. Dec 2011

5 Define healing. Discuss in detail by primary intention. Add a June

note on factors affecting wound healing. 2012
6 Define metastasis. Describe the routes of spread of malignant Dec
tumours with examples. 2014

7 Define thrombosis. Discuss the etiopathogenesis and fate of June

thrombus. 2017

8 Define thrombosis. Discuss the etiopathogenesis and Dec

complications of thrombosis. Mention the fate of thrombus. 2018
(2+6+2=10)

9 Define anaemia. Classify anaemia and add a note on lab Dec

investigation in case of anaemia. 2019
Define and classify anaemia. Describe the peripheral smear and bone March
marrow findings of megaloblastic anaemia. 2021
5 markers

1 June
Lab findings in iron deficiency anaemia 2010
Peripheral blood smear and bone marrow findings in iron deficiency June 2011
anaemia
Peripheral blood pictures in megaloblastic anaemia Dec 2011
Sideroblastic anaemia Dec 2011
Peripheral smear and bone marrow finings in megaloblastic anaemia June 2012
Peripheral smear and bone marrow findings in megaloblastic anaemia Dec 2013
Discuss the laboratory findings in iron deficiency Anaemia June 2013
Peripheral smear and bone marrow findings in Megaloblastic Anaemia June 2015
Define anaemia. Write the etiological classification of anaemias. Dec 2015
Laboratory diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia June 2016
Iron deficiency anaemia - blood picture and bone marrow findings Dec 2017
Discuss the laboratory findings in megaloblastic anaemia. June
2018
Causes and laboratory diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia June 2019

2 Haemophilia A June
2010

3 Urine sediment June

2010

4 Dec
Peripheral smear findings in CML 2010

5 Dec
ITP 2010

6 Dec
Fatty change 2010
Fatty liver June
2018

7 Pleomorphic adenoma June

2011
8 Haematuria June
2011

9 Staining reactions of amyloid. Dec 2011

Staining characteristics of Amyloid June 2013

10 Endogenous pigments June

2012

11 Wet gangrene June

2012
Define gangrene and discuss various types of gangrene with examples. June 2019

12 Leukemoid Reactions June

2012
Leukemoid reactions June 2017
FAB classification of acute myeloid leukaemia Dec 2018

13 Characteristic features of benign and malignant tumours June

2012

14 Pathological calcification June

2012
Define pathologic calcification. List with examples the types of Dec 2014
pathologic calcification.

15 Rickets June
2013
Rickets Dec 2016
16 Etiopathogenesis & pathology of septic shock Dec
2013
Define shock and discus carious types with examples Dec 2019
Describe the pathogenesis of septic shock. Dec 2015

17 Etiopathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Dec

2013

18 Define oedema and explain the pathogenesis of oedema of June

renal origin. 2014

19 Describe the peripheral smear and bone marrow findings in June

idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. 2014
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Dec 2016

20 Classify Hodgkin's lymphoma. Describe the microscopy of the June

Mixed Cellularity type. 2014

21 Describe the mechanism of healing of fracture. Dec

2014
Type of wound healing and factors influencing on wound healing Dec 2019

22 Define edema. Describe the pathogenesis pathology of Dec

pulmonary edema. 2014

23 Describe Phagocytosis. June

2015
Phagocytosis Dec 2018

24 Laboratory diagnosis of cancer. June

2015
Laboratory diagnosis of cancer Dec 2017
25 Biologic carcinogenesis Dec
2015
Chemical carcinogenesis June 2017
Viral carcinogenesis June
2018

26 Enumerate the differences between apoptosis and necrosis. June

2016
Differences between Necrosis and Apoptosis Dec 2016
Tabulate the differences between Necrosis and Apoptosis June 2017

27 Etiopathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus June

2016

28 Fat embolism Dec 2017

29 Osteosarcoma Dec
2018

30 Chemical mediators of inflammation June

2019

32 Squamous cell carcinoma Dec

2019

33 Nutmeg liver disease – Discuss the causes, gross and March

microscopic features 2021

34 Write a note on ghons complex March

2021

35 Define thrombus and discuss the fate of thrombus March

2021
36 Vitamin D deficiency Nov
2020

37 Discuss routes of spread of malignant tumour Nov

2020

38 Immune thrombocytopenic purpura Nov

2020
2 MARKERS

1 Megaloblast June
2010
Megaloblast June 2017

2 Four causes for leucocytosis June

2010
Four causes for leucocytosis July 2011

3 Enumerate tests for proteins in urine June

2010

4 Urinary casts June

2010

5 Granuloma June
2010
Granuloma July 2015
Granuloma – definition and two examples June 2017
List four granulomatous disease Dec 2018

6 Clotting time Dec

2010

7 Brown induration Dec

2010

8 Apoptosis Dec
2010

9 Causes of haematuria Dec

2010

10 Differences between dry and wet gangrene Dec

 2010

11 Types of metaplasia with examples June

2011

12 Name hemi parasites June

2011

13 Glycosuria June
2011

14 List casts found in urine June

2011

15 Packed cell volume Dec

2010
Packed cell volume Dec 2016

16 Definition of thrombus Dec

2010

17 Classification of leprosy Dec

2010

18 Myeloblast Dec
2010

19 Ketone bodies in urine Dec

2010

20 Sickle cell anaemia June

2012
21 Four causes of iron deficiency anaemia June
2012

22 Enumerate tests for ketone bodies in urine June

2012

23 Giant cells June

2012

24 Thrombocytopenia June
2012

25 Cardinal signs of acute inflammation June 2012

Cardinal signs of inflammation Dec 2013
Cardinal signs of inflammation June 2017
Cardinal signs of acute inflammation March
2021fmetaplasia

26 Causes of ketonuria June

2012
Causes of ketonuria Dec 2016
Causes of ketonuria Nov 2020

27 Neubaur counting chamber June

2012
Uses of neubauer’s counting chamber July 2015

28 Cacncrum oris June

2012

29 Nutmeg liver June

2012
Nutmeg liver Dec 2016

30 Dystrophic calcification, definition and one example June

 2013
Write types of Calcification with example. Dec 2018

31 Christmas disease June

2013
Christmas disease Dec 2015

32 Fate of thrombus June

2013

33 Mention the routes of metastasis of malignant tumour June

2013

34 Keloid June
2013

35 Laboratory investigations in diabetes mellitus – mention any Dec

two 2013

36 Scurvy Dec
2013
Manifestation of scurvy June 2014
Manifestations of scurvy July 2015
Scurvy June 2016
Scurvy Dec 2018

37 Wintrobe’s tube Dec

2013

38 Premalignant conditions of the oral cavity mention any two Dec

uses 2013

39 Benzidine test June

2014
40 Oral leukoplakia June
2014

41 List four causes of fatty liver June

2014

42 Componenets of ghon’s complex June

2014

43 Granulomatous disease with examples Dec

2014

44 List of strains for amyloid. Mention the appearance in each. Dec

2014

45 Enumerate four causes of eosinophilia Dec

2014

46 Ameloblastoma Dec
2014

47 Westergen’s tube Dec

2014

48 Name two anticoagulants and their uses Dec

2014
Anticoagulants used in haematology. Dec 2016
Mention anticoagulants used in the lab any four. Dec 2017
Mention any four anticoagulants March
2021

49 Name the special stains for amyloid July

2015
50 Spherocyte Dec
2015

51 Mention special stains for amyloid Dec

2015

52 List the manifestations of rickets in an infant Dec

2015

53 Mention four causes of proteinuria Dec

2015
Causes of proteinuria – any four Dec 2017

54 Mention routes of spread of malignant tumours June

2016

55 Leukemoid reaction – Define and mention the types June

2016

56 Urinometer June
2016

57 Screening tests for bleeding disorders June

2016

58 What are free radicals? Give two examples. Dec

2016

59 Sago spleen June

2017
Sago spleen Dec 2017

60 Causes of aplastic anaemia June

 2017

61 Mention types of necrosis Dec 2017

Types of necrosis with examples Nov 2020

62 Mention four complications of blood transfusion Dec 2017

Four complications of blood transfusions Dec 2018

63 Metaplasia Dec 2017

Define and give four examples of metaplasia March
2021

64 Complications of diabetes mellitus June

2019

65 Opportunistic infections in case of AIDS June

2019

66 Types of emboli with examples June

2019

67 Name the test for ketone bodies and mention two causes of June
ketonuria 2019

68 Classification of amyloidosis June

2019

69 Causes of thrombocytopenia Dec

2019

70 Routes of metastasis of malignant tumour Dec

2019
71 Lab investigations in case of Diabetes mellitus Dec
2019

72 Apoptosis Dec
2019

73 Vitamin d deficiency Dec

2019

74 Premalignant lesion Dec

2019

75 Causes of splenomegaly Nov

2020

76 Causes of raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate Nov

2020

77 Bombay blood group March

2021

78 Name four causes of thrombocytopenia March

2021