BCH 442 (Clinical Biochemistry)

STUDY QUSTIONS

1. (a) Describe briefly gastrointestinal tract diseases. (b) Enumerate the various stomach
function tests.
2. (a) Differentiate between the functional and structural gastrointestinal tract diseases. (b)
Enumerate the general symptoms of gastrointestinal tract diseases.
3. Describe briefly the following;
i. Barium X-ray test
ii. Acid test
iii. Endoscopy

4. A student in the school clinic complain of acid reflux/ heart burn after eating a bow of Rice,
describe an ideal stomach function test for proper diagnosis and treatment.
5. A female Biochemistry student keep visiting the school clinic for a reoccurring ulcer disease,
describe a suitable test for diagnosis of persistent duodenal ulcer disease.
6. (a) Describe pancreatic function test. (b) Differentiate Direct and indirect pancreatic function
test.
7. (a) What is mal-absorption? (b) Highlight the factors that may cause mal-absorption in
human.
8. At the onset of puberty in male child, explain the hormonal effect on the hypothalamus that
initiates the production of sperm in the testes.
9. (a) Enumerate the various changes testosterone hormone are responsible for in the male
sexual development. (b) Describe briefly the hormonal control of sperm production in a
negative feedback system.
10. Explain briefly the role each of the following hormone perform in female reproductive
system;
i.Estrogen
ii.Progesterone
iii. Testosterone

11. (a) Describe briefly Puberty. (b) Highlight the physical changes express in both boys and girls
during puberty.
12. Describe briefly the foll0wing; i. Menopause 11. Perimenopause iii. Amenorrhea
13. Outline the causes of both primary amenorrhea and secondary amenorrhea.
14. Outline the hormonal secretion of the female reproductive system during conception that
leads to implantation. (b) Highlight ten symptoms of pregnancy experience by pregnant
women.
15. (a) A newly married Lady was confirmed pregnant in the school clinic, as a clinical
biochemist describe to her ten (10) possible symptoms she may experience in the next nine
months of her pregnancy.
16. Explain the following terms of pregnancy; i. Frist trimester II. Second trimester iii. Third
trimester.
17. (a) Describe briefly Infertility (b) Highlight causes of infertility in male and female. (c)
Enumerate the risk factors of infertility.
18. (a) Describe briefly Contraception. (b) Explain five risk factors of some contraceptive use to
prevent pregnancy.
19. (a) Describe briefly Contraceptives. (b) Explain eight (8) contractive use by women to
prevent pregnancy and state its advantages and disadvantages in the cause of it usage.

20. (a) Explain the hormonal regulation of the thyroid gland secretion. (b) Describe
briefly the various thyroid disorders. (b) Highlight the diagnosis of thyroid disorders.
21. Describe briefly Prenatal Diagnosis and reasons for the diagnosis.
(b) explain the following diagnosis (i) Ultrasound examination (ii) Fetal MRI (iii)
Amniocentesis