Human beings are the only creatures on the earth who are able to communicate

with each other through the medium of language. But humans take this gift to
another extent. Distance, time, and physical existence of the person don’t matter in
communication these days because they build a communication system through
which they can communicate or share data like images, videos, text, files, etc with
their loved ones anytime anywhere. Communication is defined as a process in
which more than one computer transfers information, instructions to each other and
for sharing resources. Or in other words, communication is a process or act in which
we can send or receive data. A network of computers is defined as an
interconnected collection of autonomous computers. Autonomous means no
computer can start, stop or control another computer.

Communication Systems
The communication system is a system which describes the information
exchange between two points. The process of transmission and reception of
information is called communication. The major elements of communication
are the Transmitter of information, the Channel or medium of
communication and the Receiver of information.
Elements of Communication Systems
The definitions of the terms used in the communication system are discussed
below.

Information

Message or information is the entity that is to be transmitted. It can be in the

form of audio, video, temperature, picture, pressure, etc.

Transducer

A transducer is an electronic device that converts energy from one form to

another. The process of converting energy from one form to another is known
as transduction.

Or

It is a device or an arrangement that converts one form of energy to the other.

An electrical transducer converts physical variables such as pressure, force,
and temperature into corresponding electrical signal variations. For example,
a microphone converts audio signals into electrical signals. The
photodetector converts light signals into electrical signals.

Transmitter

A transmitter is a device or system that generates and sends signals or information in the
form of electromagnetic waves. Transmitters are widely used in various communication
systems to send data over a distance. They play a crucial role in telecommunications,
broadcasting, wireless technologies, and other applications.
Examples of transmitters include:
• Radio Transmitter: Used in broadcasting and two-way radio communication, it
generates radio waves carrying audio signals.
• Television Transmitter: Transmits television signals to be received by television
sets.
 • Cellular Transmitter: Used in mobile communication networks, transmitting voice
and data signals to and from mobile phones.
• Wireless LAN Transmitter: Found in Wi-Fi routers, it transmits data wirelessly to
devices within its coverage area.
• Satellite Transmitter: Sends signals to satellites for communication or
broadcasting purposes.
Transmitters are integral components of communication systems, ensuring the reliable
transmission of information over various distances and through different media.

Channel

Communication channels are the medium that connects two or more workstations.
Workstations can be connected by either wired media or wireless media. It is also
known as a transmission medium. The transmission medium or channel is a link
that carries messages between two or more devices. We can group the
communication media into two categories:

• Guided media transmission or wired

• Unguided media transmission or wireless

Type of data communication

As we know that data communication is communication in which we can send or
receive data from one device to another. The data communication is divided into three
types:

1. Simplex Communication: It is one-way communication or we can say that

unidirectional communication in which one device only receives and another
device only sends data and devices uses their entire capacity in transmission.
For example, IoT, entering data using a keyboard, listing music using a
speaker, etc.
2. Half Duplex communication: It is a two-way communication or we can say
that it is a bidirectional communication in which both the devices can send and
receive data but not at the same time. When one device is sending data then
another device is only receiving and vice-versa. For example, walkie-talkie.
3. Full-duplex communication: It is a two-way communication or we can say
that it is a bidirectional communication in which both the devices can send and
receive data at the same time. For example, mobile phones, landlines, etc.