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ALOYSIUS SCHOOL RIMJHA

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (402)
CLASS – X
PART B (SUBJECT SPECIFIC SKILLS)
UNIT – 4(WEB APPLICATION AND SECURITY)
SESSION – 2(NETWORKING FUNDAMENTAL)

1. What is a network?
Ans: It is group of devices linked to one another.

2. What is a computer network?

Ans: Interconnected computers form the computer network. These networks may be wired
or wireless.

3. What is stand alone computer?

Ans: A computer that isn’t connected to a network is known as stand alone computer.

4. What is Workstation?
Ans: A computer connected to a network is known as Workstation or a Node or a Host.

5. What are the advantages/needs/main goals of forming computer networks?

Ans: a) Resource sharing
b) Reliability
c) Reduction in the installation cost
d) Enhance Communication
e) Security of data

6. What is Internet?
Ans: It is a computer based world wide communications network, which is composed of large
number of smaller interconnected networks.

7. What is WWW?
Ans: The World Wide Web is a set of programs, standards, and protocols that allows the
multimedia and hypertext files to be created, displayed and linked on the Internet.

8. What are the components of Internet?

Ans: a) WWW b) Forums c) Research databases d) USENET
e) Email f) Telnet g) Gopher h) FTP
i) Instant Messaging system
 9. Draw a diagram for the classification of network.
Ans:

Classification of Computer Network

By Connection By Functional By Network

By Area By Protocol
method Relationship Design

LANs Client - Server Star TCP/IP

Wired Network
Networks Network Nwtwork
CANs
Wireless Peer- to - Peer
Network Bus Frame
WANs Networks Network Relay

SANs
Ring ATM
Network
GANs
Tree FDDI
MANs Network

CANs Mesh SONET

Network
PANs

Intranet

Extranet

10. Write short note on all types of “Network by Area” with diagram.
Ans: a) LAN - A Local Area Network is a small network in which the computers and other
network devices share the resources of a single processor or server within a
small area like an office building, school within a few kilometers of each other.

b) MAN - A Metropolitan Area Network is that which connects two or more Local Area
Network or Campus Area Networks together with in a city/town. For example,
a cable TV network.
c) WAN - A Wide Area Network is a computer network that spans a relatively large
geographical area, with a diameter of about 200 km. It is a collection of networks
LANs, MANs and CANs.

d) GAN - A Global Area Network spanning geographically distinct cities.

e) SAN - A Small Area Network is used to connect servers to data storage devices through
technology like Fiber Channel. It is also known as System Area Network or
Storage Area Network.

f) CAN - A Campus Area Network is a network spanning multiple LANs but smaller than a
MAN, like in a university or local business campus. It is also known as
Controller Area Network or Cluster Area Network.

g) PAN - A Personal Area Network is a computer network used by a person to connect a

laptop, a cell phone to transfer document files, E-mails, photos , music etc;

h) Intranet - It is a network open only for internal employees of a company. The employees
should use the network for inter – organization procedures – may be to
communicate with a remote branch.

h) Extranet - It is another type of internetwork owned by a single enterprise. Instead of inside –

usage, an extranet will offer services to the outside worlds – mainly to the
customers and suppliers of the venture for e.g.; ATM network.

11. What is Client Server Network Architecture?

Ans: Server Computer – The role of server is to provide services to the clients on the network
as per their request. It provides the services include User
Authentication, File Storage, Internet Access, Hardware Sharing etc.
Client Computer - Users work on the client computer and as per their requirements, the
server(s) on the client/server network serve(s) them.

12. What is Peer-to-peer Networks Architecture?

Ans: In Peer-to-Peer Networks, there is no specific server. Every computer can work as a client
or as a server depending upon the need.

13. What do you understand by dedicated and non-dedicated server?

Ans: The server in a client-server network is a dedicated server i.e.; does the work of server
only. The server in a Peer-to-Peer network is a non-dedicated server i.e.; can work as a
server or a client at any time.

14. What is ISP?

Ans: An Internet Service Provider(ISP) is a company that provides access to the Internet.
 15. Define Bandwidth.
Ans: It refers to the amount of data that a signal or circuit can carry.

16. Explain the three ways/options to connect the Internet.

Ans: a) Through Dial-up Connection - It is a temporary connection between your computer
and ISP server. It is established using a modem, which
uses the telephone line.
b) Through Broadband/Bandwidth Connection – It is faster than Dial-up Connections.
It uses Cable modem, Digital Subscriber Line(DSL) and
Satellite.
c) Through Wireless Connection – Two most common ways to connect Internet
wirelessly are Wi-Fi(Wireless Fidelity) and WiMax.

17. What is Hotspot?

Ans: It is a venue that offers Wi-Fi access.

18. What is Wi-Fi? Write the name of components required to set- up Wi-Fi?
Ans: Wi-Fi refers to Wireless Fidelity, which lets you connect to the Internet without a direct
line from your PC to the ISP.
Two components are required to set – up a Wi-Fi system
a) A Wi-Fi Radio device
b) Gateway and Access Points

19. What are the advantages of Wi-Fi?

Ans: a) It is fast(11 Mbps)
b) It is reliable
c) It has a long range.
d) It is easily integrated into the existing wired-Ethernet networks.

20. What are disadvantages of Wi-Fi?

Ans: a) It is expensive.
b) It can be difficult to set up.
c) Speed can fluctuate significantly.

21. What is WiMax?

Ans: WiMax Is a wireless digital communication system, which can provide broadband wireless
access up to 30 miles.

22. What are the advantages of Internet?

Ans: a) E-Mail - It is used to send and receive instant electronic messages, which works like
writing letters.
b) Access Information – Internet can help you to find data on any subject that you need.
 c) Shopping - There are many online stores and sites that can be used to look and buy
products.
d) Online chat - There are many applications which we can use for the purpose of
conversation.
e) Downloading – We can download software, games, music, videos, movies, images etc.

There are many more advantages like searching places and locations,
online studies, watching movies and listening music etc.

23. Write any five advantages of wireless LANs.

Ans: a) It is easier to add or remove computers.
b) Wireless network provides more flexibility as the connected computers need not be
fixed at a place.
c) It is easy to provide connectivity in areas where it is difficult to lay cables.
d) Access to the network can be from anywhere within the range to an access point.
e) The installation expenses for wireless LAN are significantly lower.

24. Write any five disadvantages of wireless LANs.

Ans: a) Data transfer rates drop as a distance increases or if the number of computers using
the network increases.
b) As standards change, it may be necessary to replace wireless cards/ and/or access
points.
c) There are greater chances of radio interference due to weather conditions.
d) Lower wireless bandwidth means some applications such as video streaming will be
more effective on a wired LAN.
e) Security is difficult to guarantee and requires configuration.

25. What is bluetooth?

Ans: Bluetooth is a wireless protocol used to wirelessly link phones, computers and other
network devices over short distances, typically up to 30 feet(10 meters). It is used to
create a PAN, also termed as Piconet.

26. What is Infrared?

Ans: Infrared technology allows computing devices to communicate via short-range wireless
signals. Computer can transfer files and other digital data bi-directionally.

27. What is Modem?

Ans: A modem is a device that converts digital computer signals into a form that can travel over
phone lines. It also re-converts the analog signal back into digital signals. This process is
known as Modulator/Demodulator.
 28. What do you know about Dial-Up Internet Connection?
Ans: A Dial-Up connection uses normal telephone lines to connect to Internet. The quality of
the connection is not always good, data transmission rate is limited and speed is low.

29. What are broadband connections? Explain its types.

Ans: Broadband connections offer another way to connect to the internet.
a) Cable Internet Connection - These connections are typically very fast, offering speeds
upward of 10 times faster than dial-up connections.
b) DSL Connection - DSL is known as the digital subscriber line. There is a wide range of
speeds available from different providers, generally going upto
9 Mbps.
c) ADSL Connection – ADSL is known as Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. ADSL
supports data rates of from 1.5 to 9 Mbps when receiving data
(Known as the downstream rate) and from 16 to 640 kbps when
sending data (known as the upstream rate).
d) Satellite Internet Connection – It is slower than cable and DSL connections. It employs
telecommunications satellites to allow users to
connect to the Internet.
e) Wireless Internet Connection - Wireless technology allows user to have mobile
connections This can be accomplished via public Wi-Fi
networks, cellular services, and Wimax.
f) ISDN - It is known as Integrated Services Digital Network. It is an international
communications standard for sending voice, video and data over telephone.

30. How data is transfer on the internet?

Ans: a) The data is broken up into bits of same sized pieces called packets.
b) A header is added to each packet explaining where the data has come from, where it
should end-up.
c) Each packet is sent from computer to computer until it finds its destination.
d) At the destination, the packets are examined. If any packets are missing or damaged, a
message is sent asking for them to be re-sent.
e) The packets are now reassembled into their original form.

31. Draw the diagram of all type of computer networks.