CLAT MOCK – ENGLISH SECTIONS

1)
Beneath the bustling streets of the ancient city lies a labyrinth of catacombs, a
network of tunnels and chambers that wind their way through the darkness like veins
in the earth's crust. Carved from solid rock by generations long gone, these catacombs
serve as a final resting place for the city's departed, their walls adorned with the
memories of lives lived and lost.

As one descends into the depths of the catacombs, the air grows cool and musty, thick
with the scent of earth and decay. Torchlight flickers against the damp stone walls,
casting eerie shadows that dance across the crypts and sarcophagi lining the
passageways.

The silence of the catacombs is broken only by the occasional drip of water echoing
through the darkness, a haunting reminder of the passage of time. Yet amidst the
stillness, there is a sense of life pulsating beneath the surface, as if the spirits of the
departed linger on, whispering secrets to those who dare to listen.

But the catacombs hold more than just the remains of the dead; they are also home to
hidden treasures and long-forgotten relics of a bygone era. Ancient artifacts lie
scattered amidst the bones and dust, waiting to be discovered by intrepid explorers
brave enough to venture into the depths.

Yet the catacombs are not without their dangers, for they are guarded by the restless
spirits of the dead, whose anger and despair echo through the halls like a chilling
wind. Those who dare to disturb their slumber may find themselves cursed for
eternity, their fate sealed within the cold embrace of the underworld.

And so, as one navigates the labyrinthine passages of the catacombs, they are met
with a tapestry of history and mystery woven into the very fabric of the earth itself.
For within these ancient tunnels lie the secrets of the city's past, waiting to be
unearthed by those who dare to brave the darkness.

1. How does the author use the imagery of the catacombs to convey a sense of mystery and
intrigue?

a) By describing the torchlight flickering against the damp stone walls

 b) By highlighting the occasional drip of water echoing through the darkness

c) By depicting the silence broken only by the haunting reminders of time

d) By emphasizing the sense of life pulsating beneath the surface

2. What role do the spirits of the dead play in shaping the narrative of the passage?

a) They serve as guardians of the hidden treasures within the catacombs

b) They add to the sense of danger and foreboding for explorers

c) They provide insight into the history and culture of the ancient city

d) They offer guidance and protection to those who venture into the depths

3. How does the author explore the theme of history in the passage?

a) By highlighting the hidden treasures and relics of a bygone era

b) By describing the rituals and traditions of the ancient city

c) By emphasizing the importance of preserving the catacombs for future generations

d) By depicting the spirits of the dead as echoes of the city's past

4. What effect does the use of sensory imagery have on the reader's experience of the
catacombs?

a) It creates a vivid and immersive atmosphere

b) It establishes the historical context of the ancient city

c) It adds complexity to the characters' personalities

d) It highlights the importance of setting in the narrative

5. How does the author use the concept of hidden treasures as a metaphor in the passage?

a) By emphasizing the dangers posed by the restless spirits of the dead

b) By describing the artifacts scattered amidst the bones and dust

c) By highlighting the sense of mystery and intrigue surrounding the catacombs

d) By depicting the journey through the labyrinthine passages as a quest for

enlightenment
2)

In the realm of quantum physics, where the laws of nature blur and reality bends, lies
a paradox that has baffled scientists for generations. At the heart of this paradox lies
the concept of superposition, where particles exist in multiple states simultaneously
until observed, challenging our fundamental understanding of the universe.

Within the confines of the laboratory, scientists conduct experiments to probe the
mysteries of quantum mechanics, seeking to unlock the secrets of the quantum world.
Yet with each discovery comes a new set of questions, leading to deeper layers of
complexity and uncertainty.

One such experiment involves the famous thought experiment known as

Schrödinger's cat, in which a hypothetical feline is placed in a box alongside a
radioactive atom. According to quantum theory, the cat exists in a superposition of
both alive and dead states until the box is opened and the cat's fate is observed.

But what happens when we apply this principle to the macroscopic world? Can an
object as large as a cat truly exist in multiple states simultaneously, or does the
concept of superposition break down at larger scales?

This question lies at the heart of the quantum paradox, challenging our understanding
of reality and pushing the boundaries of what we thought possible. For if
superposition holds true for microscopic particles, why should it not also apply to
larger objects?

As scientists grapple with these questions, they are forced to confront the limitations
of human perception and the inherent uncertainty of the quantum world. The very act
of observation becomes intertwined with the state of the observed, blurring the line
between observer and observed.

Yet amidst the uncertainty and complexity, there is a beauty to be found in the
paradox itself - a reminder that the universe is far stranger and more wondrous than
we can imagine. For in the quantum realm, reality is not fixed and immutable, but
fluid and ever-changing, shaped by the very act of observation.
 And so, as scientists continue to unravel the mysteries of the quantum world, they are
reminded that the true nature of reality may forever remain beyond our grasp, hidden
within the enigmatic depths of the quantum paradox.

6. How does the author use the concept of Schrödinger's cat to illustrate the quantum
paradox?

a) By describing the experiment involving a hypothetical feline and a radioactive

atom

b) By highlighting the uncertainty of the cat's state until observed

c) By depicting the limitations of human perception in understanding quantum

mechanics

d) By emphasizing the complexity and uncertainty of the quantum world

7. What role does the macroscopic world play in challenging our understanding of quantum
mechanics?

a) It serves as a testing ground for theories and principles derived from quantum
theory

b) It highlights the limitations of superposition at larger scales

c) It emphasizes the interconnectedness between quantum phenomena and classical

physics

d) It demonstrates the applicability of quantum principles in everyday life

8. How does the author explore the theme of uncertainty in the passage?

a) By discussing the inherent uncertainty of quantum mechanics

b) By highlighting the complexity of Schrödinger's cat experiment

c) By depicting the fluid and ever-changing nature of reality in the quantum realm

d) By emphasizing the limitations of human perception in understanding the quantum

world

9. What effect does the concept of superposition have on our understanding of reality?

a) It challenges the notion of a fixed and immutable reality

 b) It confirms the existence of parallel universes and alternate realities

c) It highlights the interconnectedness of all things in the universe

d) It emphasizes the deterministic nature of the quantum world

10. How does the author use the quantum paradox as a metaphor for the mysteries of the
universe?

a) By emphasizing the limitations of human perception in understanding quantum

mechanics

b) By highlighting the interconnectedness between observer and observed in the

quantum world

c) By depicting reality as fluid and ever-changing, shaped by the act of observation

d) By exploring the uncertainty and complexity inherent in the study of quantum

mechanics

3)

In the rapidly evolving landscape of technology, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI)
has presented humanity with unprecedented opportunities and challenges. From
autonomous vehicles to virtual assistants, AI has permeated nearly every aspect of
modern life, promising greater efficiency and convenience but also raising profound
ethical questions.

At the heart of the ethical dilemma surrounding AI lies the issue of autonomy versus
control. As machines become increasingly autonomous and capable of making
decisions without human intervention, questions arise about who bears responsibility
for their actions and how to ensure that they align with human values and ethical
principles.

One of the most pressing concerns is the potential for AI systems to perpetuate or
even amplify existing biases and inequalities. Whether in hiring algorithms that
inadvertently discriminate against certain demographics or in predictive policing
systems that disproportionately target marginalized communities, the unintended
consequences of AI can have far-reaching implications for social justice and equity.
 Moreover, the opacity of many AI algorithms raises questions about accountability
and transparency. When decisions are made by complex algorithms that even their
creators struggle to understand, how can we hold them accountable for their actions?
Without transparency and oversight, AI systems risk being deployed in ways that
undermine trust and exacerbate social divisions.

Another ethical dilemma arises from the potential for AI to disrupt labor markets and
exacerbate income inequality. While AI has the potential to create new jobs and
industries, it also has the capacity to automate tasks traditionally performed by
humans, leading to job displacement and economic hardship for those whose
livelihoods are affected.

Furthermore, the ethical implications of AI extend beyond its impact on society to its
potential consequences for the environment and global security. From the energy
consumption of data centers powering AI algorithms to the risks posed by
autonomous weapons systems, the development and deployment of AI technologies
raise complex moral questions about their long-term effects on the planet and
humanity as a whole.

As we grapple with these ethical dilemmas, it is clear that there are no easy answers.
The rapid pace of technological advancement outpaces our ability to fully understand
and address the ethical implications of AI. Yet, as stewards of this technology, it is
incumbent upon us to carefully consider its impact on society and to strive for a future
in which AI serves the common good and upholds the values that define us as human
beings.

11. How does the author use the concept of autonomy versus control to frame the ethical
dilemma surrounding AI?

a) By discussing the potential for AI systems to perpetuate biases and inequalities

b) By highlighting the opacity of many AI algorithms and questions about

accountability

c) By exploring the potential for AI to disrupt labor markets and exacerbate income
inequality
 d) By raising concerns about the ethical implications of AI for the environment and
global security

12. What role does transparency and oversight play in addressing the ethical implications of
AI?

a) They ensure that AI systems align with human values and ethical principles

b) They hold AI systems accountable for their actions and decisions

c) They mitigate the risks of job displacement and economic hardship caused by AI

d) They address the potential consequences of AI for the environment and global
security

13. How does the author explore the theme of social justice and equity in the context of AI?

a) By discussing the potential for AI to disrupt labor markets and exacerbate income
inequality

b) By highlighting the unintended consequences of AI algorithms that discriminate

against certain demographics

c) By raising concerns about the ethical implications of AI for the environment and
global security

d) By exploring the potential for AI to create new jobs and industries

14. How does the author use the concept of job displacement to illustrate the ethical
dilemmas of AI?

a) By discussing the potential for AI systems to perpetuate biases and inequalities

b) By exploring the opacity of many AI algorithms and questions about accountability

c) By raising concerns about the potential consequences of AI for the environment

and global security

d) By highlighting the potential for AI to disrupt labor markets and exacerbate income
inequality

15. What effect does the rapid pace of technological advancement have on our ability to
address the ethical implications of AI?
 a) It ensures that AI systems align with human values and ethical principles

b) It mitigates the risks of unintended consequences and biases in AI algorithms

c) It outpaces our ability to fully understand and address the ethical implications of AI

d) It fosters transparency and oversight in the development and deployment of AI

technologies

4)
The history of music is like that of other arts in being divided into schools or epochs.
These are of course to a certain extent arbitrary and artificial—marked off by critics
for convenience of classification—and a composer may belong to two or more
schools, as Beethoven, for example, is both ‘classical’ and ‘romantic,’ without being
any more aware of it than we are when our train crosses the line, say, from New York
State into Massachusetts. But they are also in part natural and real, because any
fruitful idea in art—such as the ‘impressionistic’ idea of light in painting, for instance
—is so much greater than any one man’s capacity to grasp it that a whole generation
or more of artists is needed to develop its possibilities. Such a group of artists forms
what we call a ‘school’ or ‘period,’ beginning usually with pioneers whose work is
crude but novel, continuing with countless workers, most of whom are after a short
time completely forgotten, and culminating with one or two greatly endowed masters
who gather up all the best achievements of the school in their own work and stands
for posterity as its figure-heads, or in some cases engulf it entirely in their colossal
shadows. Pioneers, journeymen, geniuses—that is the list of characters in the drama
we call an artistic school. If we try to outline in the roughest way the half dozen or so
most important schools we can find in the entire history of music we shall get
something like the following. After the long groping among the rudiments that went
on through Greek and early Christian times there emerged during the middle ages a
type of ecclesiastical music which, after a development of several centuries,
culminated in the work of Orlando de Lasso (1520-1594), Giovanni Pierluigi da
Palestrina (1524-1594), and others. This music is as primitive, archaic, and severe to
our ears as the early Flemish religious pictures are to our eyes. It can be described
chiefly in negatives. It did not employ instruments, but only voices on the chorus. It
had no regular time-measure, but wandered on with as little definiteness of rhythm as
the Latin prose to which it was set. It employed no grating harsh combinations of
tones (‘dissonances’) such as make our music so stirring to the emotions, partly
because they are difficult for voices, partly because the science of harmony was in its
infancy, partly because the kind of expression it aimed at was that of religious peace.
Each group of voices had its own melody to carry, and as there were sometimes as
many as sixteen groups an extraordinarily complex web of voices or ‘parts’ was
developed, to which is due the name of polyphonic (many-voiced) applied to this
school
16. The main tone of the passage is:
 a) Speculative
b) Technical
c) Pedestrian
d) Populist
17. Which of the following statement is/are true according to the passage?
Statement 1: Early Greek and Christian period was the prime time for ecclesiastical music.
Statement 2: Orlando de Lasso and Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina had no influence of
ecclesiastical music.
a) Statement 1
b) statement 2
c) neither statement 1 nor 2
d) both
18. It did not employ instruments, but only voices on the chorus. Spot the error in the
underlined sentence above.
a) error in verb
b) error in preposition
c) error in adverb
d) error in punctuation
19. The author believes that:
a) The early Flemish religious pictures are primitive, archaic and severe to our eyes.
b) The ‘impressionistic’ idea of light in painting has been a moderately easy concept
to grasp.
c) Polyphonic and dissonance are the same thing in music.
d) All of the above.
20. Choose a antonymn for the word “epoch”:
a) aeon
b) era
c) age
d) serendipity

5)
 A significant step to advance the restoration of the political process in the Union
territory of Jammu & Kashmir got underway yesterday during the course of the
meeting PM Modi had with leaders of political parties from the region. Optics took
priority as it was the first formal meeting leaders from Kashmir Valley had with Modi
after the key elements of Article 370 were neutralised in August 2019. That legislative
step was accompanied by long detentions of leaders from Kashmir. That they were
now meeting GoI’s top leadership accounts for the importance of the meeting’s
symbolism. Significantly, Article 370 didn’t prove to be a negotiation-killer. A
Constitution bench of the Supreme Court is seized of the legal issues pertaining to
Article 370. Political leaders from Kashmir indicated that they will abide by the
outcome. This is most welcome. Restoration of the political process began last year
through direct elections of sarpanches and members of the District Development
Councils. The outcome suggested that old political parties such as NC and PDP retain
enough support to make them essential to the deepening of the political process. DDC
elections were followed by the restoration of 4G services in February. Peace in
Kashmir has been hostage to cross-border terrorism. With a thaw in India’s
relationship with Pakistan, this is an opportune moment to take the next few steps in
the political process. The most important one is to complete the ongoing delimitation
exercise. The current exercise for J&K has run into a problem as the associate
members from Kashmir have not participated in the delimitation committee meetings.
The presence of all political stakeholders is essential to cover all aspects and ensure
the credibility of the process. Hopefully, this meeting will persuade some political
parties to shed their reluctance and join the process. The long-term goal is restoration
of statehood. GoI recently approved a financial package of Rs 28,400 crore spread
over 16 years for J&K’s industrial development. This is a large commitment. In a
democracy, such spending needs to be overseen by elected governments.
21. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
a) Peace in Kashmir has been hostage to cross-border terrorism
b) Article was neutralised in 2019.
c) GoI recently approved a financial package of Rs 28,400 crore spread over 16
years for J&K’s industrial development
d) None of the above
22. Why was the meeting between PM Modi and leader form Kashmir an important one?
a) State of Jammu and Kashmir was in turmoil.
b) It was the first meeting after neutralisation of Article 370 of the Constitution.
c) Thus, meeting was needed to increase the influence of BJP in the region.
d) None of the above.
23. According to the passage what is the long-term goal regarding the Kashmir?
a) Peace and stability
 b) Wealth in the region
c) Restoration of Statehood
d) Reduction in crime
24. Which of the following can be used as a synonym for ‘neutralised’ as it is used in the
passage?
a) Recapitulated
b) Simulated
c) abrogated
d) None of the above
25. What is the opposite of ‘opportune’ as it is used in the passage?
a) indigent
b) oblique
c) ill timed
d) None of the above

ANSWER KEY
1. a) By describing the torchlight flickering against the damp stone walls Reason: The
passage describes the torchlight casting eerie shadows against the walls of the catacombs,
adding to the sense of mystery and intrigue surrounding the underground tunnels.
2. b) They add to the sense of danger and foreboding for explorers Reason: The passage
describes the spirits of the dead as guarding the catacombs and cursing those who disturb
their slumber, adding to the sense of danger and foreboding for explorers who dare to enter.
3. a) By highlighting the hidden treasures and relics of a bygone era Reason: The passage
describes the catacombs as home to hidden treasures and long-forgotten relics of a bygone
era, suggesting that it explores the theme of history through the artifacts found within.
4. a) It creates a vivid and immersive atmosphere Reason: The passage employs sensory
imagery such as the scent of earth and decay, and the sounds of water echoing through the
darkness, to create a vivid and immersive atmosphere for the reader, enhancing their
experience of the catacombs.
5. c) By highlighting the sense of mystery and intrigue surrounding the catacombs Reason:
The passage describes hidden treasures within the catacombs, adding to the sense of mystery
and intrigue surrounding the underground tunnels, suggesting that it serves as a metaphor for
the secrets waiting to be unearthed within.
6. b) By highlighting the uncertainty of the cat's state until observed Reason: The passage
discusses Schrödinger's cat experiment as an example of the quantum paradox, where the cat
exists in a superposition of alive and dead states until observed, illustrating the uncertainty
inherent in quantum mechanics.
7. b) It highlights the limitations of superposition at larger scales Reason: The passage
discusses the challenge of applying quantum principles, such as superposition, to
macroscopic objects like cats, highlighting the limitations of our understanding of quantum
mechanics at larger scales.
8. a) By discussing the inherent uncertainty of quantum mechanics Reason: The passage
explores the theme of uncertainty by discussing the inherent uncertainty of quantum
mechanics, as illustrated by concepts such as superposition and the quantum paradox.
9. a) It challenges the notion of a fixed and immutable reality Reason: The passage discusses
how the concept of superposition challenges our understanding of reality by suggesting that
objects can exist in multiple states simultaneously until observed, leading to a fluid and ever-
changing view of the universe.
10. c) By depicting reality as fluid and ever-changing, shaped by the act of observation
Reason: The passage discusses how the quantum paradox serves as a metaphor for the
mysteries of the universe by depicting reality as fluid and ever-changing, shaped by the act of
observation, suggesting that the true nature of reality may forever remain beyond our grasp.
11. a) By discussing the potential for AI systems to perpetuate biases and inequalities Reason:
The passage discusses the ethical dilemma of AI in terms of autonomy versus control,
particularly regarding the potential for AI systems to perpetuate biases and inequalities,
framing the issue within the context of human values and ethical principles.
12. b) They hold AI systems accountable for their actions and decisions Reason: The passage
discusses the importance of transparency and oversight in addressing the ethical implications
of AI, particularly in holding AI systems accountable for their actions and decisions, ensuring
they align with human values and ethical principles.
13. b) By highlighting the unintended consequences of AI algorithms that discriminate
against certain demographics Reason: The passage explores the theme of social justice and
equity in the context of AI by discussing the unintended consequences of AI algorithms that
discriminate against certain demographics, illustrating the ethical implications of AI for
marginalized communities.
14. d) By highlighting the potential for AI to disrupt labor markets and exacerbate income
inequality Reason: The passage uses the concept of job displacement to illustrate the ethical
dilemmas of AI by highlighting the potential for AI to disrupt labor markets and exacerbate
income inequality, raising concerns about the socioeconomic impact of AI on individuals and
communities.
15. c) It outpaces our ability to fully understand and address the ethical implications of AI
Reason: The passage discusses how the rapid pace of technological advancement outpaces
our ability to fully understand and address the ethical implications of AI, highlighting the
challenges of keeping pace with the evolving landscape of AI technology
16. B Sol. (b) We do read about various speculations in newspapers- economic, political, etc.
Similarly, RC passages explaining any such theories adopt a speculative tone of writing.
Putting it other ways, such passages revolve around hypothetical things and expert opinions.
Option b) is correct. As the name states, the author of the passages tends to use technical
jargons while using this tone of writing. This type of tone is generally used to discuss the core
ideas of particular fields of study. Such passages are generally accompanied by a lot of facts
and figures. Hence, the correct answer is option b).
17. C Sol. (c) statement 1 and Statement 2 is not true as the passage states that, ‘After the
long groping among the rudiments that went on through Greek and early Christian times there
emerged during the middle ages a type of ecclesiastical music which, after a development of
several centuries, culminated in the work of Orlando de Lasso (1520- 1594), Giovanni
Pierluigi da Palestrina (1524-1594), and others.’
18. B Sol. (b) option a) is not the correct answer as there’s no error in verb. Option b) is the
correct answer. There’s an error in preposition. The correct sentence should be, ‘It did not
employ instruments, but only voices in the chorus’. Option c) is not the correct answer.
There’s no error in adverb. Option d) is not the correct answer. There’s no error in
preposition. Hence. The correct answer is b).
19. A Sol. (a) Option a) is the correct answer as the passage states that, This music is as
primitive, archaic, and severe to our ears as the early Flemish religious pictures are to our
eyes. is not correct as the passage states that, But they are also in part natural and real,
because any fruitful idea in art—such as the ‘impressionistic’ idea of light in painting, for
instance—is so much greater than any one man’s capacity to grasp it that a whole generation
or more of artists is needed to develop its possibilities
20. D Sol.
21. D Sol. Option a) is incorrect because it is written - Peace in Kashmir has been hostage to
cross-border terrorism. With a thaw in India’s relationship with Pakistan, Option b) is
incorrect because it is mentioned in the passage that - …Modi after the key elements of
Article 370 were neutralised in August 2019. Option c) is incorrect because it is mentioned in
the passage that - The long-term goal is restoration of statehood. GoI recently approved a
financial package of Rs 28,400 crore spread over 16 years for J&K’s industrial development.
This is a large commitment Hence option d) is the right answer.
22. B Sol. Since it is mentioned in the passage that Optics took priority as it was the first
formal meeting leaders from Kashmir Valley had with Modi after the key elements of Article
370 were neutralised in August 2019 Hence option b) is the correct answer. Option a) is
incorrect because although the State of Jammu and Kashmir was in turmoil, it does not
indicate why this meeting was important. Option c) is incorrect because it is not mentioned in
the passage whether BJP wants to increase their influence in this region.
23. C Sol. Since it is mentioned in the passage that - Hopefully, this meeting will persuade
some political parties to shed their reluctance and join the process. The long-term goal is
restoration of statehood, Hence option c) is the right answer. Option a) is incorrect because
peace and stability in the region is not specifically mentioned as a long-term goal in the
region. Option b) is incorrect because wealth in the region is not discussed in the passage.
Option d) is incorrect because reduction in crime is not discussed in the passage.
24. C Sol. Neutralised means make (something) ineffective by applying an opposite force or
effect. Whereas abrogated means repeal or do away with (a law, right, or formal agreement).
Recapitulated means summarize and state again the main points of. Hence option a) is
incorrect. Simulated means manufactured in imitation of some other material. Hence b) is
incorrect.
25. C Sol. Opportune means (of a time) especially convenient or appropriate for a particular
action or event. On the other hand, means ill-timed means done or occurring at an
inappropriate time. Indigent means poor. Hence option a) is incorrect. Oblique means not
expressed or done in a direct way. Hence b) is incorrect