Page 1: Understanding the Water Cycle

The water cycle, or hydrological cycle, describes the continuous movement of water
on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. Key processes include evaporation,
condensation, precipitation, infiltration, and runoff. During evaporation, water
from oceans, lakes, and rivers turns into vapor and rises into the atmosphere.
Condensation occurs when water vapor cools and forms clouds. Precipitation, in the
form of rain, snow, or hail, returns water to the Earth's surface. Infiltration
allows water to seep into the ground, replenishing groundwater supplies, while
runoff carries water back to rivers, lakes, and oceans.

Page 2: Human Influence on the Water Cycle

Human activities significantly alter the natural water cycle. Urbanization
increases surface runoff and reduces groundwater recharge due to impervious
surfaces like roads and buildings. Agricultural practices can lead to water
pollution from pesticides and fertilizers, as well as over-extraction of water
resources for irrigation. Deforestation disrupts local and regional hydrological
cycles by reducing the amount of water transpired by plants and increasing soil
erosion. Climate change, driven by greenhouse gas emissions, affects the water
cycle by altering precipitation patterns, increasing the frequency of extreme
weather events, and melting glaciers and ice caps.

Page 3: Sustainable Water Management

Sustainable water management practices aim to balance water use with the protection
of ecosystems. Techniques such as rainwater harvesting, efficient irrigation, and
the restoration of wetlands help conserve water resources. Integrated Water
Resources Management (IWRM) promotes the coordinated development and management of
water, land, and related resources to maximize economic and social benefits without
compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems. Water conservation efforts
also include reducing water waste, improving water-use efficiency, and protecting
water quality through