Yosefina Rosdiana Su,, S.S., M.Pd.

International and Domestic Tourism Course

Introduction
Over the decades, tourism has experienced continued
growth and deepening ‎diversification to become one of
the fastest growing economic sectors in the
world. ‎Modern tourism is closely linked to development
and encompasses a growing number ‎of new destinations.
These dynamics have turned tourism into a key
driver for socio-‎economic progress.‎
Introduction
Today, the business volume of tourism equals or even
surpasses that of oil exports, ‎food products or
automobiles. Tourism has become one of the major
players in ‎international commerce, and represents at
the same time one of the main income ‎sources for
many developing countries. This growth goes hand in
hand with an ‎increasing diversification and
competition among destinations.‎
Introduction
This global spread of tourism in industrialized and
developed states has produced ‎economic and
employment benefits in many related sectors - from
construction to ‎agriculture or telecommunications.‎
The contribution of tourism to economic well-being
depends on the quality and the ‎revenues of the tourism
offer.
Introduction
 UNWTO assists destinations in their
sustainable ‎positioning in ever more complex national
and international markets. As the UN
agency ‎dedicated to tourism, UNWTO points out that
particularly developing countries stand to ‎benefit from
sustainable tourism and acts to help make this a
reality.‎
 Tourism Report on 2019

International arrivals grew 4% in the first half of 2019

 International tourist arrivals (overnight visitors) grew 4% in
January-June 2019 compared to the same period last year.
Results are in line with historical trends.
 Growth was led by the Middle East (+8%) and Asia and the
Pacific (+6%), followed by Europe (+4%). Africa (+3%) and
the Americas (+2%) enjoyed more moderate growth in the
first half of 2019.
 By sub-regions, the Caribbean (+11%) showed the highest
growth, followed by North Africa (+9%), South Asia and
North-East Asia (both +7%)
 International tourist arrivals (overnight visitors)
worldwide grew 4% in 2019 to reach 1.5 billion, based on
data reported by destinations around the world.
 2019 was another year of strong growth, although slower
compared to the exceptional rates of 2017 (+7%) and 2018
(+6%). Demand was slower mainly in advanced
economies and particularly in Europe.
 2019 was also the year of major shifts in the sector with
the collapse of Thomas Cook and of several low-cost
airlines in Europe.
 Growth in International Tourist Arrivals Continues
to Outpace the Economy
 All regions enjoyed an increase in arrivals. The Middle
East (+8%) led growth, followed by Asia and the Pacific
(+5%). International arrivals in Europe and Africa (both
+4%) increased in line with the world average, while the
Americas saw growth of 2%.
 As per the main source markets, France reported the
strongest increase in international tourism
expenditure among the top ten markets, while the
United States led growth in absolute terms.
 Based on current trends, economic prospects and the
UNWTO Confidence Index, UNWTO forecasts a growth
of 3% to 4% in international tourist arrivals worldwide in
2020.
 Tourism Report on 2020

 International tourist arrivals (overnight visitors)

worldwide grew 4% in 2019 to reach 1.5 billion, based on
data reported by destinations around the world.
 2019 was another year of strong growth, although slower
compared to the exceptional rates of 2017 (+7%) and 2018
(+6%). Demand was slower mainly in advanced
economies and particularly in Europe.
 Uncertainty surrounding Brexit, geopolitical and trade
tensions, and the global economic slowdown, weighed on
growth. 2019 was also the year of major shifts in the sector
with the collapse of Thomas Cook and of several low-cost
airlines in Europe.
 FYI
 The UK is no longer a member of the European
Union (EU). The changes will affect many areas of life
- including trade, immigration, and Tourism.
Tourism Report in 2020
 All regions enjoyed an increase in arrivals. The Middle East
(+8%) led growth, followed by Asia and the Pacific (+5%).
International arrivals in Europe and Africa (both +4%)
increased in line with the world average, while the
Americas saw growth of 2%.
 As per the main source markets, France reported the
strongest increase in international tourism expenditure
among the top ten markets, while the United States led
growth in absolute terms.
 Based on current trends, economic prospects and the
UNWTO Confidence Index, UNWTO forecasts a growth of
3% to 4% in international tourist arrivals worldwide in
2020.
 Tourism slowly restarting, after a 98% drop in international
arrivals in May
 International tourist arrivals (overnight visitors) saw a decrease of
56% in the first five months of 2020 over the same period of last year,
according to data reported so far by destinations worldwide.
 International arrivals declined 98% in the month of May, reflecting
travel restrictions in nearly all destinations worldwide, amid
measures to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
 This represents 300 million fewer international tourist arrivals in
January-May 2020 compared to the same period in 2019, which
translates into US$ 320 billion lost international tourism receipts
(export revenues), more than three times what was lost in the whole
of 2019 under the impact of the global economic crisis
 By regions, Asia and the Pacific, the first region to suffer the impact
of the pandemic, saw a 60% decrease in arrivals in January-May
2020. Europe recorded the second strongest decline with 58% fewer
arrivals, followed by the Middle East (-51%), the Americas and Africa
(both -47%).
 Tourism is showing signs of a gradual and cautious
change in trend during the Northern Hemisphere
summer peak months, as reflected in the gradual
lifting of travel restrictions in several countries around
the world, particularly in Europe, the resumption of a
number of international flights and the restart of some
domestic and intraregional market
 However, the UNWTO Confidence Index has dropped
to record lows, both for the evaluation of January-April
2020 and prospects for May-August. Most UNWTO
Panel Experts expect international tourism to recover
by the second half of 2021, followed by those who
expect a rebound in the first part of next year.
 Experts mentioned downside factors such as travel
restrictions and border shutdowns still in place in most
destinations, major outbound markets such as the United
States and China being at standstill, safety concerns
associated with travel, the resurgence of the virus and risks
of new lockdowns or curfews. They also referred to the lack
of reliable information and a deteriorating economic
environment as factors weighing on consumer confidence.
 Domestic tourism is expected to resume faster. Half of
respondents see a recovery of domestic tourism by the
second half of 2020, in line with the restart of tourism in
many destinations in June and July, yet the other half
expect a recovery throughout 2021.
 Experts also mentioned changes being witnessed in
consumer behavior such as trips closer to home or
proximity travel, bookings closer to the departure dates of
the trip, or a preference to travel by car.
Tourism Report on May 2020

 International tourism down 65% in first half of 2020

 International tourist arrivals (overnight visitors) declined 65% in the first half
of 2020 over the same period last year, with arrivals in June down 93%,
according to data reported by destinations.
 Despite the gradual reopening of an increasing number of destinations during
the second half of May and the month of June, ahead of the Northern
Hemisphere summer season, the expected improvement in June was almost
unperceived compared to May.
 The massive fall in international travel demand during the first half of 2020
translates into a loss of 440 million international arrivals and about USD 460
billion in export revenues from international tourism. This represents over five
times the loss in receipts recorded in 2009 amid the global economic and
financial crisis.
 The contraction in international demand is also reflected in
double-digit declines in international tourism expenditure.
Major outbound markets such as the United States and China
continue to be at a standstill, though some markets such as
France and Germany have shown some improvement in demand
for international travel in June.
 While the recovery of international tourism remains sluggish,
demand for domestic tourism is rising in many large markets
such as China where air capacity in July rebounded to around
90% the level of 2019. In Russia air capacity has also been
underpinned by rising domestic travel.
 Based on the three UNWTO scenarios published in May 2020
pointing to declines of 58% to 78% in international tourist
arrivals in 2020, current trends point to a decline in international
arrivals closer to 70% for 2020.
 Extended scenarios for 2021-2024 point to a strong rebound in
the year 2021 based on the assumption of a reversal in the
evolution of the pandemic, significant improvement in traveller
confidence and major lifting of travel restrictions by the middle
of the year. Nonetheless, the return to 2019 levels in terms of
international arrivals would take 2½ to 4 years.
 International tourism down 65% in first half of 2020
 International tourist arrivals (overnight visitors) declined 65% in the first half
of 2020 over the same period last year, with arrivals in June down 93%,
according to data reported by destinations.
 Despite the gradual reopening of an increasing number of destinations during
the second half of May and the month of June, ahead of the Northern
Hemisphere summer season, the expected improvement in June was almost
unperceived compared to May.
 The massive fall in international travel demand during the first half of 2020
translates into a loss of 440 million international arrivals and about USD 460
billion in export revenues from international tourism. This represents over five
times the loss in receipts recorded in 2009 amid the global economic and
financial crisis.
 The contraction in international demand is also reflected in
double-digit declines in international tourism expenditure.
Major outbound markets such as the United States and China
continue to be at a standstill, though some markets such as
France and Germany have shown some improvement in demand
for international travel in June.
 While the recovery of international tourism remains sluggish,
demand for domestic tourism is rising in many large markets
such as China where air capacity in July rebounded to around
90% the level of 2019. In Russia air capacity has also been
underpinned by rising domestic travel.
 Based on the three UNWTO scenarios published in May 2020
pointing to declines of 58% to 78% in international tourist
arrivals in 2020, current trends point to a decline in international
arrivals closer to 70% for 2020.
 Extended scenarios for 2021-2024 point to a strong rebound in
the year 2021 based on the assumption of a reversal in the
evolution of the pandemic, significant improvement in traveller
confidence and major lifting of travel restrictions by the middle
of the year. Nonetheless, the return to 2019 levels in terms of
international arrivals would take 2½ to 4 years.
 Confidence in global tourism performance remains positive
yet cautious and with signs of moderate growth for the
remainder of the year according to the latest UNWTO
Confidence Index.
 So far, growth has been driven by a strong economy,
affordable air travel, increased air connectivity and visa
facilitation. Yet, weaker economic indicators, trade and
technological tensions and rising geopolitical challenges,
start to take a toll on business and consumer confidence.