Snamprogetti

COMPANY : EPC Contractor Job no. Company Job no.
SUPEROCTANOS C.A. 905700

PLANT LOCATION
Contractor Doc. No 00-GA-E-63200
JOSE - VENEZUELA
PROJECT / UNIT Rev.
0
MTBE CONVERSION INTO ISOOCTANE Sh. 1 of 28
PROJECT SPECIFICATION
PIPING STRESS ANALYSIS
_____
0 Issue Orlando M. Carlevale N Battista C. 15.06.2005

Rev. Description Prepared Checked Approved Date
Form code: MDT.GG.QUA.0004 Sh. 01/Rev. 3.96 File code: spc_jose_00.dot Data file: 00-ga-e-63200.doc
This document is the property of Snamprogetti who will safeguard its rights according to the civil and penal provisions of the law.
EPC Contractor Job no. Company Job no.
905700
Contractor Doc. no. 00-GA-E-63200
Rev.
Sh. 2 of 28 0
CONTENTS
1 GENERAL 4
1.1 Scope and field of application 4
1.2 Abbreviations 4
2 REFERENCE CODES AND STANDARDS 5

2.1 Standard and general spc (issue by contractor) 5
2.2 Technical spc (of project) 5
3 STRESS ANALYSIS 7
3.1 General criteria 7
4 CALCULATION TEMPERATURE 9
4.1 Temperature assumed for calculations 9
4.2 DT calculation 9
4.3 Relation between Tmax and Tmin 10
_____ 4.4 Special considerations 10
4.5 Circuits with different operating temperatures 10
4.6 Temporarily closed piping 11
5 REQUIREMENTS FOR FLEXIBILITY CALCULATION FOR STEEL PIPING 12

5.1 Reference table and diagrams 12
5.2 Definition of reference diagram 12
5.3 Check by simplified methods 17
5.4 Piping on platform 17
5.5 Piping connected to furnace 17
5.6 Piping connected to boiler 17
6 ALLOWABLE LOADS ON EQUIPMENT 18

6.1 Centrifugal machines 18
6.2 Furnaces 19
6.3 Boilers 19
6.4 Air coolers 20
6.5 General note 21
6.6 Pressure vessels with flange class ≤ 600 # (ASME B16.5) 21
6.7 Pressure vessels with flange class ≥ 900 # (ASME B16.5) 26
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Form code: MDT.GG.QUA.0005 Sh. 01/Rev. 3.96 File codespc_jose_00.dot Data file: 00-ga-e-63200.doc
905700
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6.8 Check of flanged couplings 26
7 DOCUMENTS TO BE PRODUCED 27
7.1 Calculation reports 27
7.2 Specifications for metallic and rubber expansion joints 28
_____
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1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope and field of application
The purpose of these design criteria is to define the general principles and
reference Codes and Standards that are applicable to stress analysis of piping for
oil refineries, petrochemical plants, thermal stations, offshore platforms, marine
terminals.
This documents to be produced following this activity are also defined herein.
1.2 Abbreviations
1.2.1 Company Department
APRES Pressure vessels
1.2.2 General
SIF Stress Intensification Factor

_____ NSD Nominal Size Designation
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2 REFERENCE CODES AND STANDARDS
- ASME B 31.3 CHEMICAL PLANT AND PETROLEUM REFINERY

PIPING
- ASME B 31.1 POWER PIPING
- ASME VIII SECT. DIV. 1 PRESSURE VESSEL CODE
- API STANDARD 610 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS FOR GENERAL

REFINERY PIPING
- API STANDARD 617 CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR FOR GENERAL

REFINERY SERVICES
- NEMA STANDARD STEAM TURBINES FOR MECHANICAL DRIVE

PUBLICATION SM-23 SERVICES
Note:
Latest edition shall be adopted for all the codes and standards listed above
_____
2.1 Standard and general spc (issue by contractor)
- Allowable nozzle loads
STD.CR.GEN.7058
- Standards for the design of piping supports
STD.TP.SUP.5920
- Piping support standards for construction
STD.TB.SUP.5921
- P.T.F.E. slide plates for supports requiring a low coefficient of friction
STD.TP.SUP.5923
- Vertical and horizontal extensions for pipe support connections
STD.TB.SUP.5069
- Prefabrication of steel supports for piping with or without material supply
SPC.TP.SUP.0601
- Spring supports for piping
SPC.TB.SUP.0602
- Assembly of piping supports
SPC.TP.SUP.0603
- Foundation for supports
STD.CV.GEN.0004
2.2 Technical spc (of project)

- Expansion bolts for piping supports
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- Variable load spring supports

- Constant load spring supports
- List of brackets and reinforcing plates for pipe supports on pressure vessel
- Piping support list for field
- Special support collection
- Horizontal thrusts on pipe rack beams
- Horizontal thrusts on anchor sleepers
- Bronze bearing supports
- Loads on pressure vessel nozzles
- P.T.F.E slide plates for supports
- Critical line list
- Calculation list
_____
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3 STRESS ANALYSIS
3.1 General criteria

3.1.1 Stress analysis, calculation of reaction loads due to thermal expansion or
contraction in piping systems and the selection of the type of support, shall be
conducted in accordance with the criteria set forth in the Codes and Standards
referenced under section 2.
For non-metallic piping (e.g.RTRP piping), special calculation criteria shall be
adopted, to be defined on a case-by-case basis.
In the cases in which the flexibility of the piping system under examination is found
to be insufficient to absorb the imposed thermal expansion, those listed here below
shall be adopted, in the following order of preference:
a - Spring supports, the use of which shall however be minimized;

b - Changes in piping layout;
c - Insertion of loops made from pipe and elbows;
d - Installation of expansion joints.
The use of expansion joints shall be minimized.

Expansion joints shall be used only when a straight layout is required or convenient,
_____ particularly for large diameter lines under critical operating conditions (medium
conveyed, high temperature pressure, etc.).
3.1.2 The use of "Cold Spring" shall normally be avoided.
3.1.3 Stress analysis calculations shall consider, in addition to the effects of thermal
expansion (or contraction), the loads both during hydrotest and during operation, the
supports, friction, anelastic displacement of equipment due to its own thermal
expansion (or contraction) and settlement of foundations.
3.1.4 The following loads shall be taken into consideration for stress analysis calculations:
a) own mass of piping and its components;

b) mass of the medium conveyed, calculated on the basis of the following specific
gravities:
- gas/steam/air: 0
- water: 1
- other liquids: the spec. gravity of the specific liquid;
c) insulation mass, calculated on the basis of the density of each insulating material.
3.1.5 Friction factors
Unless otherwise indicated for the specific project, the friction factors to be taken into
consideration for the stress analysis calculations are as follows:
steel on steel 0.3
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stainless steel on PTFE 0.1

steel on concrete 0.5
3.1.6 The SIF, for the stresses due to primary loads (own weight, external mechanical loads,
etc.) in case of elbows, bends and tee listed in ANSI B 31.3 Appendix D, shall be
assumed according to the following.
3.1.6.1 Piping conveying flammable, explosives, toxic, corrosive fluids and all fluids with
temperature ≥ 300C under any pressure:
100% of the SIF calculated according to ASME B 31 for thermal loads.
3.1.6.2 Piping conveying fluids other than those listed under previous point:
− SIF for elbows and bends: 100% of the SIF calculated as per ASME B 31 for
thermal loads;
− SIF for tee however constructed: 75% of SIF calculated as per ASME B 31 for
thermal loads.
_____
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4 CALCULATION TEMPERATURE
4.1 Temperature assumed for calculations
The calculation temperature shall be the piping operating temperature indicated in

the design documents (P&ID, piping list, erection drawing).
4.2 DT calculation
4.2.1 The temperature differences (DT) to be considered in the calculations shall be as
indicated here below:
a) If Te > Tmax DT = Te - Tmin
DT
Tmin Tmax Te
_____
b) If Tmin < Te < Tmax DT = Tmax - Tmin
DT
Tmin Te Tmax
c) If Te < Tmin DT = Tmax - Te
DT
Te Tmin Tmax
Where:
Te = piping operating temperature
Tmax/Tmin = maximum/minimum temperature assumed in the calculation

according to environmental conditions.
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4.2.2 If Te is higher than 400°C, the provisions of paragraph 4.2.1. can be ignored and
DT = Te - 20 can be assumed for piping calculation.
4.3 Relation between Tmax and Tmin

The relation between Tmax and Tmin and environmental conditions shall be as
follows (°C):
Unless expressly indicated in the specification for climatic characteristics of the project,
the minimum (maximum) environmental temperatures are calculated as the average of
the minimum (maximum) temperatures occuring in the coldest (hottest) month of the
year.
_____
4.4 Special considerations
4.4.1 If there is a great difference between night and day temperatures, the bare pipes
shall be checked by assuming the greater DT of the following: the DT calculated
assuming as Tmax and Tmin the values given in chapter 4.3., and the DT
calculated assuming as Tmax the maximum day temperature of the pipe in a
condition of empty pipe exposed to the sun and as Tmin the minimum night
temperature.
EXAMPLE : Tmin = +20 Night Tmin = +10

Tmax = +35 Day Tmax = +65
Te = +40 Te = +40
DT = Te-Tmin=40-20=20 DT = Tmax-Tmin=65-10=55
DT = 55 will be assumed for piping calculation.
4.5 Circuits with different operating temperatures

A circuit that may operate, both long term and transiently (e.g. regeneration,
decoking, steam-out, etc.) under several conditions, shall be analysed with regard
to the effects of all the different conditions. Special attention shall be paid to cyclic
variations. The allowable stresses, both long term and for short duration, shall be
those specified in ASME codes.
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4.6 Temporarily closed piping

4.6.1 When considering piping connected to two or more equipment items, one or more of
which are operating whilst the others are not, the temperature of each individual
branch shall be established and considered in the flexibility analysis.
4.6.2 In the frequent case of stand-by pumps when the pump is equipped with a by-pass
on the check valve/shutoff valve assembly, a temperature of 70% of the operating
one will be assumed for the stand-by length of piping. If the above by-pass is not
provided, the stand-by piping temperature shall be assumed as follows:
a) 50% of the operating temperature for insulated pipes, for the TC length;
b) 25% of the operating temperature for non-insulated pipes, for the TC length;
c) ambient temperature for the piping length from the pump (or other equipment) to
the check valve.
_____
TC
TC
A B
IN STAND-BY
4.6.3 Steam traced lines shall be checked not only for normal operating temperature but also
for a temperature equal to 70% of the steam tracing temperature, for the case where
the line is in stand-by and the steam heating is maintained.
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5 REQUIREMENTS FOR FLEXIBILITY CALCULATION FOR STEEL PIPING
5.1 Reference table and diagrams

For each piping system, the requirement for stress analysis shall be defined in
accordance with Table 1.
TABLE 1
SERVICE EQUIPMENT PRIORITY REFERENCE

DEGREE DIAGRAM
All piping directly connected 1 A
to centrifugal machines
All piping connected to 2 B
furnaces, boilers,
reciprocating machines, air
coolers
All piping connected to 3 C
pressure vessels with
flanges class ≤ 600 #
All piping connected to 3 D
_____ pressure vessels with flange
class ≥ 900 #
Cryogenic piping - E
5.2 Definition of reference diagram

In the case of piping connected to different types of equipment, the diagram for the
equipment having higher priority shall be taken into consideration, assuming 1 as
the highest degree of priority.
For example, for a pipe connected to a centrifugal pump and a pressure vessel,
reference diagram "A" shall be used.
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DIAGRAM “A”
DT (°C)
CHECK REQUIRED BY COMPUTER

PROGRAM (1)
180
150
130
70 CHECK ALLOWED BY SIMPLIFIED METHODS (SEE

ASME B31.3 PARAGRAPH 319.41/4.2 AND
50 NOMOGRAM, FIGURE 1, OR SIMILAR CONSIDERED
ADEQUATE)
_____ 0 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
HEADER DIAMETER, NSD
DIAGRAM “B”
DT (°C)
220 CHECK REQUIRED BY COMPUTER

PROGRAM (1)
200
180
150
100
80 CHECK ALLOWED BY SIMPLIFIED METHODS (SEE

NOMOGRAM, FIGURE 1, OR SIMILAR CONSIDERED
50 ADEQUATE)
0 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
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DIAGRAM “C”
DT (°C)
240 CHECK REQUIRED BY COMPUTER

PROGRAM (1)
200
180
150
130
100
CHECK ALLOWED BY SIMPLIFIED METHODS (SEE

50
ADEQUATE)
_____
0 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 30
DIAGRAM “D”
DT (°C)

PROGRAM (1)
130
100
50
CHECK ALLOWED BY SIMPLIFIED METHODS (SEE
ADEQUATE)
0 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 30
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DIAGRAM “E”
DT (°C)

PROGRAM (1)
- 100
- 60
- 50 CHECK ALLOWED BY SIMPLIFIED METHODS (SEE
ADEQUATE)
0 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24

NOTE:
_____ (1) The stress analysis of the piping shall be carried out with the calculation program
CAESAR II VERS. 4.40 - SIMFLEX II or exceptionally with equivalent calculation
programs approved by the Employer for the single Project.
In any case the calculation program shall have at least the following characteristics:
1) check in accordance with ASME B 31.3 or B 31.1;

2) friction at the points of constraint;
3) elastic constraint;
4) expansion joints;
5) application of external mechanical loads, if any;
6) anelastic displacement;
7) possibility to calculate own weight, thermal expansion, own weight and thermal
expansion simultaneously.
Output:
1) loads acting on all the constraints imposed on the piping;

2) strain, stress, rotation and displacement on each required point of the piping.
(2) Diagrams are applicable to carbon steel pipe and alloy steel pipe. For stainless
steel pipe DT shall be defined using the following formula:
a
DT = DT(d ) . where: DT(d ) = DT (diagram)
a1
a = mean coefficient of linear thermal expansion for
carbon
steel
a1 = mean coefficient of linear thermal expansion
for stainless steel
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_____
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5.3 Check by simplified methods

For all the piping, for which simplified methods of check are allowed but which are
connected to pressure vessels or tanks, anelastic displacement of the equipment
due to either expansion or settlement of the foundation shall be carefully
considered. When displacements imposed on the piping are considerable, and the
piping system has little flexibility, a calculation by computer program shall be made.
5.4 Piping on platform

For all the piping on platforms, in addition to thermal expansion of the piping, the
displacements of the platform that may cause stress to the piping shall also be
considered. For piping subject to such displacements, a calculation by computer
program shall be provided.
5.5 Piping connected to furnace

For all the piping connected to vertical cyclindrical, cabin or box-type furnaces, the
displacements allowed for each connection shall be taken into account as follows:
_____ 5.5.1 Horizontal pipes inside the furnace
If no particular points of constraint are provided by the furnace Manufacturer, either

in cabin or in vertical cylindrical furnaces, the displacement of inlet and outlet
nozzles in the direction of the pipe centerline shall be taken into consideration,
which is the half of the total expansion of the coil.
On the horizontal plane, in the direction perpendicular to the pipe centerline, a
displacement of the inlet and outlet nozzles of ± 13 mm is normally allowed.
However, the above possibility shall always be checked.
5.5.2 Vertical pipes inside the furnace
Both in box-type and in vertical cylindrical furnaces, the displacement of inlet and
outlet nozzles in the direction of the pipe centerline shall be taken into
consideration, corresponding to the expansion of the coil at its support point. A
displacement of ± 13 mm is allowed for the inlet and outlet nozzles, on the
horizontal plane perpendicular to the nozzle centerline. However, the above
possibility shall always be checked.
5.6 Piping connected to boiler

For all the piping connected to boilers, the displacements allowed or required by the
Manufacturer shall be taken into consideration for each connection.
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6 ALLOWABLE LOADS ON EQUIPMENT
6.1 Centrifugal machines

6.1.1 Forces and moments acting on the nozzles of centrifugal machines (due to piping
weight, thermal expansion, etc.) shall be checked in accordance with the applicable
codes. The values of allowable forces and moments shall be at least those specified
in the applicable codes.
Lower values may be acceptable only if specifically provided in the equipment order
specifications.
6.1.2 Pumps with casing constructed of steel and with nozzles ≤ NSD16: forces and
moments shall be in accordance with API 610.
6.1.3 Pumps with casing constructed of steel and with nozzles greater than NSD 16,
unless allowable loads are furnished by Manufacturer: API 610, for NSD 16 nozzles
or twice the values calculated NEMA SM-23, if more favourable , in accordance with
the following formulas:
a) resultant of the forces and moments acting on each nozzles:
_____ Mr
Fr + = 334 De
3
b) resultant of the forces and moments acting on the flanges, referred to the
intersection of the centerlines of the delivery connection flange:
500 Dc − Mc
Fc =
2
c) components of the resultants of forces and moments:
Fy = 250 Dc My = 250 Dc
Fz = 200 Dc Mz = 250 Dc
Fx = 100 Dc Mx = 500 Dc
6.1.4 Compressors: forces and moments shall be in accordance with API 617.
6.1.5 Turbines and fans: forces and moments shall be in accordance with NEMA SM-23.
6.1.6 For special machines, for which the codes do not provide allowable forces and
moments, the check shall be based on acceptable loads provided by the Manufacturer.
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6.2 Furnaces
6.2.1 When the Manufacturer envisages anchored nozzles outside the heater, the
allowable loads, on each nozzle, shall be those defined by the Manufacturer.
Forces and moments acting on anchored nozzles of vertical cylindrical and cabin
furnaces (due to piping weight, thermal expansion, etc.) shall not exceed the values
indicated under paragraphs 6.2.2 & 6.2.3.
These loads are valid for piping of class ≤ 300 #. For piping of class > 300 #, the
allowable loads indicated can be doubled.
6.2.2 Cabin furnaces
The loading on each external inlet and outlet nozzle in each axis shall not exceed
the following. The resultant load shall not exceed 16 kN.
a) Pipes with nominal diameter NSD 5 or greater:

Fx max = Fy max = Fz max = ± 8 kN
Mx max = My max = Mz max = ± 5 kN.m
b) Pipes with nominal diameter less than NSD 5:

_____
6.2.3 Vertical cylindrical furnaces
The loading on each external inlet and outlet nozzle, in each axis shall not exceed the
following. The resultant load shall not exceed 16 kN.
a) Pipes with nominal diameter NSD 5 or greater:

Mx max = My max = Mz max = ± 2.5 kN.m
b) Pipes with nominal diameter less than NSD 5:

6.3 Boilers
Forces and moments acting on nozzles of boilers (due to piping weight, thermal
expansion, etc.) shall be checked with the allowable values given by the
Manufacturer for each connection.
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6.4 Air coolers

The loading on nozzles shall not exceed those listed in the following table unless
otherwise specified by the equipment Manufacturer.
FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR EACH NOZZLE
_____
TAB. 6.4.a
NOTE: For the air coolers with nozzle flanges of class ≥600 #, the allowable loads shown in
the table can be doubled.
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6.5 General note

Whenever the values provided by the Manufacturer are used for checking, these
values shall be documented.
6.6 Pressure vessels with flange class ≤ 600 # (ASME B16.5)

6.6.1 Forces and moments resulting from stress analysis, acting on the nozzles of
vessels, which fall within the limits indicated in the project specification issued by
APRES, shall be considered allowable.
6.6.2 When the forces and moments acting on the nozzles are greater than those
mentioned above, they shall be submitted to APRES for approval.
For this purpose, a suitable specification shall be issued (see fig. 2,3 and tab
6.6.2.a).
_____
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Y
FIG. 2 - VERTICAL VESSEL
Y
Y MX MZ
X Z X
MY
_____
Y Y Y
X X
X
X X X
X
Z
Z Z
Z Z
N
(NORTH DIRECTION FOR TOP / BOTTOM NOZZLES ONLY)
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FIG. 3 - HORIZONTAL VESSEL

Y
MX MZ
Z X
MY
Y
X
Y
Y
_____ Y X X
ELEVATION
PLAN
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TABLE OF LOADS 6.6.2.A
ITEM: kN kN.m
NOTE
NOZZLE Fx Fy Fz Mx My Mz
WEIGHT
THERMAL
WEIGHT
THERMAL
WEIGHT
_____
THERMAL
WEIGHT
THERMAL
WEIGHT
THERMAL
WEIGHT
THERMAL
WEIGHT
THERMAL
WEIGHT
THERMAL
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NOTE: Loads are located at flange or at welding end of the nozzle.
_____
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6.7 Pressure vessels with flange class ≥ 900 # (ASME B16.5)

The project specification issued by APRES is not applicable to this type of vessels.
Therefore the procedure described at paragraph 6.6.2. shall be followed for all the
nozzles of the equipment.
6.8 Check of flanged couplings

6.8.1 For the vessels described in 6.6. above, when the loads applied to each nozzle are
greater than the allowable ones and for all vessels under 6.7. above, the stresses
in the nozzle flanges shall be checked.
The following formula for equivalent pressure can be used for this check.
4 F 16 M
Peq = +
πG 2 πG 3
Peq = Equivalent pressure due to external loads.
F = Axial force acting on the flange due to the weight and thermal expansion of
the pipe.
M = Bending moment acting on the flange due to the weight and thermal
expansion of the piping.
_____ G = Diameter of the gasket that reacts to the load.
If the sum of the equivalent pressure calculated in this way and the design pressure
of the piping does not exceed the maximum pressure allowed by the rating of the
flanged joints, the external loads applied are acceptable.
If the total pressure is greater than the maximum pressure of the rating, stresses
SH, SR, ST of the flanges shall not exceed 1.5 Sm, where Sm is the allowable
stress at the operating temperature if the flanges are insulated. If the flanges are not
insulated, Sm will be the allowable stress at a temperature of 90% of the operating
temperature.
6.8.2 All the other flanged joints, if any, along the piping shall be checked for the loads
applied, derived from the stress analysis calculations using the method indicated in
paragraph 6.8.1.
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Sh. 27 of 28 0
7 DOCUMENTS TO BE PRODUCED
7.1 Calculation reports

7.1.1 For all the piping analyzed by computer program a calculation report shall be
issued, complete with a calculation sketch showing all the constraints, spring
supports and notes necessary to have supports consistent with the basis of
calculation.
The calculation sketch must clearly show and highlight any reinforcing plates on set
on connections, found to be necessary by stress analysis calculations. The outside
diameter and thickness of the plates shall be specified.
If a reinforcing plate for internal pressure is already required on the same
connection, the greater size of reinforcing plate shall be provided on the same
connection (usually the plate required for internal pressure).
7.1.2 The calculation sketch shall be dimensioned and must show the corresponding to
the calculation data input.
7.1.3 When the calculated piping is connected to centrifugal machines and a check of the
loads acting on the nozzles is required, the calculation shall include the check in
accordance with the reference code.
_____
7.1.4 A document shall be attached to each computer calculation summarizing all the
characteristic factors used in the calculation, to permit a general check of the
calculation without consulting the printouts. In particular, said document shall
include the following:
a) calculation number;
b) all the characteristic data of the piping (temperature, pressure, diameter, thickness,
material, etc.);
c) equipment connected;
d) assumptions made for the calculation;
e) operating conditions examined (normal operation, regeneration, steam-out, etc.);
f) summary of the most significant results, such as maximum stress, loads acting on
the equipment, set loads of spring supports, loads acting on constraints.
7.1.5 Computer calculations shall be numbered using an alphanumeric code consisting of

two numeric characters and an alphabetic one, preceded by the project number
ex: 189500.01A
189500.01B
189500.01C
The range of numbers available for each project will be established by the Owner.
7.1.6 To identify the files in the CD , the letter D for files of data and the letter R for files of
results shall be added immediately after the project number.
ex: 189500D.01A data file
189500R.01A result file
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7.1.7 For each calculation, the following files will be required on FLOPPY DISK:
- data file
- result file
- plotter file
7.1.8 For all piping analyzed by simplified methods, or any calculations without computer
printout, all supports defined during the stress analysis shall be indicated on a plastic
model or mathematical model or plot plan.
7.2 Specifications for metallic and rubber expansion joints

When the stress analysis includes expansion joints, a technical specification shall
be prepared for each joint. This specification shall include all the technical features
necessary for correct fabrication of the expansion joint, in particular:
a) mechanical features of the flanges for connection to the piping where the joint shall
be installed;
b) chemical composition of the gas or liquid conveyed;
c) design and operating conditions (pressure and temperature);
d) maximum displacement imposed on the expansion joint during the plant operation
(axial displacement, angular rotation, lateral displacement);
_____ e) non-descructive tests and examinations to be carried out by the Manufacturer;
f) a sketch showing special requirements, if any, particularly for metallic joints (type of
bellows connection to the pipe, internal sleeve, external bolting, protective shrouds,
etc.);
g) materials of construction for each part of the expansion joint;
h) joint pre-set for installation, if provided;
i) general notes for marking, painting and packing.
In the case of metallic joints, the specification shall also include:
l) geometrical characteristics, diameter and thickness of ends when the connection to

the pipe is of the butt-welding type; length of the joint if already defined;
m) flexibility (or stiffness) characteristics required of the joint;
n) type of joint required (axial, single-hinged, gimbal, pressure balanced, lateral,
universal, etc.);
o) general notes for handling the joint at installation and for insulation;
p) construction of the bellows (method of forming, number of longitudinal welds
allowable, type of wall). In any case the specification must specify that
circumferential welds are never allowed in the bellows;
q) chemical treatment of materials, if required;
r) external loads to be sustained by the joint due to the mass of the piping in which
the joint will be installed;
s) number of thermal cycles to which the joint will be submitted during normal
operation of the plant;
t) the thermal gradient, if known, of the thermal transients to which the joint is
submitted.
_______________________________

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COMPANY : EPC Contractor Job no. Company Job no.

SUPEROCTANOS C.A. 905700

PIPING STRESS ANALYSIS

0 Issue Orlando M. Carlevale N Battista C. 15.06.2005

Contractor Doc. no. 00-GA-E-63200

2 REFERENCE CODES AND STANDARDS 5

5 REQUIREMENTS FOR FLEXIBILITY CALCULATION FOR STEEL PIPING 12

6 ALLOWABLE LOADS ON EQUIPMENT 18

Contractor Doc. no. 00-GA-E-63200

6.8 Check of flanged couplings 26

Contractor Doc. no. 00-GA-E-63200

1.1 Scope and field of application

1.2.1 Company Department

APRES Pressure vessels

SIF Stress Intensification Factor

Contractor Doc. no. 00-GA-E-63200

2 REFERENCE CODES AND STANDARDS

- ASME B 31.3 CHEMICAL PLANT AND PETROLEUM REFINERY

- ASME B 31.1 POWER PIPING

- ASME VIII SECT. DIV. 1 PRESSURE VESSEL CODE

- API STANDARD 610 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS FOR GENERAL

- API STANDARD 617 CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR FOR GENERAL

- NEMA STANDARD STEAM TURBINES FOR MECHANICAL DRIVE

2.2 Technical spc (of project)

Contractor Doc. no. 00-GA-E-63200

- Variable load spring supports

Contractor Doc. no. 00-GA-E-63200

3.1 General criteria

a - Spring supports, the use of which shall however be minimized;

The use of expansion joints shall be minimized.

3.1.2 The use of "Cold Spring" shall normally be avoided.

a) own mass of piping and its components;

3.1.5 Friction factors

steel on steel 0.3

Contractor Doc. no. 00-GA-E-63200

stainless steel on PTFE 0.1

Contractor Doc. no. 00-GA-E-63200

4.1 Temperature assumed for calculations

The calculation temperature shall be the piping operating temperature indicated in

a) If Te > Tmax DT = Te - Tmin

c) If Te < Tmin DT = Tmax - Te

Te = piping operating temperature

Tmax/Tmin = maximum/minimum temperature assumed in the calculation

Contractor Doc. no. 00-GA-E-63200

4.3 Relation between Tmax and Tmin

EXAMPLE : Tmin = +20 Night Tmin = +10

DT = 55 will be assumed for piping calculation.

4.5 Circuits with different operating temperatures

Contractor Doc. no. 00-GA-E-63200

4.6 Temporarily closed piping

Contractor Doc. no. 00-GA-E-63200

5 REQUIREMENTS FOR FLEXIBILITY CALCULATION FOR STEEL PIPING

5.1 Reference table and diagrams

SERVICE EQUIPMENT PRIORITY REFERENCE

5.2 Definition of reference diagram

Contractor Doc. no. 00-GA-E-63200

CHECK REQUIRED BY COMPUTER

70 CHECK ALLOWED BY SIMPLIFIED METHODS (SEE

HEADER DIAMETER, NSD