GENERAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING

NKANGALA DISTRICT

SOCIAL SCIENCE

GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1

MARKING GUIDELINE

NOVEMBER 2022

GRADE 9

MARKS: 75

DURATION: 1 ½ HOURS
 SOCIAL SCIENCES: GEOGRAPHY

GRADE 9

MARKING GUIDELINE

SECTION A: SURFACE FORCES

QUESTION 1
1.1
1.1.1 A √√
1.1.2 A √√
1.1.3 B √√
1.1.4 B √√
1.1.5 C √√
(5 x 2=10)
QUESTION 2
2.1 Study Source A and answer the questions that follow. Features of erosion and
deposition along a river course. The diagram below shows the courses (stages) of a river
from source to mouth. SOURCE A

B - Oxbow Lake√

C - Mouth√

D - Upper course√

E - Middle course√

F - Lower course√

G - Waterfall√

2.2 The flow of a river is slower, it cannot erode the materials as it is weaker.√√

2.3 Vertical erosion and lateral erosion.√√

2.4
a) Erosion is the wearing away of the earth’s surface by the movement of the weathered
material√√.
b) Oxbow lakes are formed when a river creates a meander, due to the eroding
bank√√.
After a long period of time, the meander becomes much curved, and eventually the
neck of the meander becomes narrower and the river cuts through the neck during a
flood, cutting off the meander and forming an oxbow lake.√√
 QUESTION 3
3.1

3.1.1 Soil erosion is the removal of soil faster than natural processes can form a new soil.√√
3.1.2

 Logging√
 Construction of roads building√
 Mining√
 Agricultural production √
3.2

3.2.1Wetlands have been cleared to grow the cane.√

Farmers have cleared the indigenous bush along the river courses.√
When the cane is harvested, it is burnt to remove the leaves.√
The cut cane is loaded into trucks, and taken to the sugar mill.√(ANY TWO)

3.2.2 Farmers have realised that their farming practises led to a massive loss of soil.√√
SECTION B: RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABILITY
QUESTION 4

4.1.1 A resource is anything that can be used by people and organisation √√

4.1.2 Renewable resource can be replaced once used by the natural processes and no
renewable resource cannot be replaced once being misused√√√√
4.2 Use SOURCE A and SOURCE B to answer the question that follows.
4.2.1 Overgrazing occurs when people keep more animals on the land than the land can
support.√√

4.2.2 B√

4.2.3 –There is less grass left at B√√

- Grazing land B is degraded√√

4.2.4

Discuss how over-grazing can be prevented.

• Rotational grazing – the animals spend a period on one piece of land, then they move onto another piece
of land to graze. This allows the vegetation to be replenished. 
• Strip grazing – a moveable electric fence is used as a boundary where the animals can feed in a field. All
the vegetation is eaten by the animals, and then they move onto another strip of the field. 
• Providing fodder – the animals can be fed fodder during the winter or dry moths, as the vegetation grows
more slowly during this time. 
4.2.5 Desertification is when the quality of soil in dry places is worsened due to human
activities and climate factors.√√

4.2.6 Overfishing√

 Overgrazing
 Deforestation
 Reduction of plant and animal species
 Polluted and damaged resources (ANY ONE)
QUESTION5
5.1.1 Food security is when all people have access to enough safe nutritious food to keep
them healthy and active.√√

5.1.2 Population increase√√

5.1.3 Natural disasters e.g. floods, drought etc.

 Plants and animal diseases

 Rapid increase in pests
 Over-fishing
 Over-grazing (ANY THREE)

5.1.4 Food availability√

 Food access√
 Food use√
5.2.1
a) Sustainable farming uses methods and farming technologies that suits the local
context.√√

b) Crop rotation√

Pests and disease control√

Maintaining soil fertility√

c) Planting one or growing same crop on a yearly basis√√

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