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Learning how to use Python's Basic Statistics with ChatGPT

Preprint · July 2023

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.28288.81928

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 Learning how to use Python's Basic Statistics with ChatGPT
a
Kadir Uludag PHD.

Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine,
China

*Corresponding Authors:
Kadir Uludag; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University China
Tel: +86-
18401653162,Email:kadiruludag@mails.ucas.ac.cn&kadiruludag@protonmail.com&
kadiruludag233@gmail.com

Funding: There is no funding associated with this study.

Competing interests: No potential competing interest was reported by the authors.

Ethical approval: Not required.

Patient Consent: Not required.

Acknowledgment: Not required.

Author Statement: K.U. wrote the manuscript and is the only author.
 Learning how to use Python's Basic Statistics with ChatGPT
Abstract
Background:
Python provides a variety of packages for data analysis. Statistic-related
modules in Python provides a comprehensive set of functions for basic statistical
analysis, including descriptive statistics.
Goal of Study:
The main goal of the study was to investigate how to use Python's Statistics
with ChatGPT.
Methods:
We have used ChatGPT's first version (2023) to ask questions about Python
statistic analysis such as T test, Chi-square test, Regression, and Mann Whitney
U test.
Conclusion:
ChatGPT can help to learn basic statistics.

Keywords: ChatGPT, python, statistics, regression, chi-square test, chatbot

statistics
1. Introduction

Python has become a popular language for data analysis due to its ease of use
and various libraries. The Python statistics module can help you perform common
statistical calculations such as mean, median, mode, variance, standard
deviation, and more.

ChatGPT, a natural language processing model that can assist in generating

responses.

The main goal of the study was to investigate how to use Python's Statistics
with ChatGPT. We have used ChatGPT's first version (2023) to ask questions
about Python statistic analysis such as T test, Regression, Mann Whitney U
test.
2. Methods:
ChatGPT's first version (2023) was used to ask questions about Python statistics
(e.g., T test, Regression, and Mann Whitney U test).

3. Results:

Question 1: Can chatbots learn statistics using python?

Answer 1: Yes, chatbots can learn statistics using Python. Python is a powerful
programming language that offers several libraries and tools for working with
data and statistics. Here are a few libraries that can be used to teach
chatbots about statistics:

1. NumPy: NumPy is a Python library that is used for numerical computing.

It provides a powerful array object and functions for working with
arrays. NumPy can be used to perform statistical analysis on data.
2. Pandas: Pandas is a Python library that is used for data manipulation
and analysis. It provides data structures for efficiently storing and
manipulating large datasets. Pandas can be used to load and manipulate
data, and perform statistical analysis on the data.
3. Scipy: Scipy is a Python library that is used for scientific computing.
It provides functions for optimization, integration, interpolation, and
other mathematical tasks. Scipy can be used to perform statistical
analysis on data.
4. Statsmodels: Statsmodels is a Python library that is used for
statistical modeling and analysis. It provides functions for regression
analysis, time series analysis, and other statistical tasks. Statsmodels
can be used to build statistical models and analyze data.

By using these libraries and tools, chatbots can learn about statistics,
perform statistical analysis on data, and make decisions based on the analysis.

Question 2：Can you give an example of how chatbots can use statistical analysis?

Answer 2：Sure, here's an example of how a chatbot can use statistical

analysis:
Let's say that a chatbot is designed to provide customer support for an e-
commerce company. The chatbot is responsible for answering customer queries,
resolving complaints, and providing product recommendations. The chatbot is
also designed to collect data on customer interactions, such as the number of
queries received, the number of complaints resolved, and the number of product
recommendations made.

Using statistical analysis, the chatbot can analyze this data to identify
trends and patterns. For example, the chatbot can use statistical analysis to:

1. Identify the most common customer queries: By analyzing the data on customer
queries, the chatbot can identify the most common types of queries that
customers have. This information can be used to improve the chatbot's responses
to these queries, or to provide additional resources to help customers.

2. Measure customer satisfaction: The chatbot can use statistical analysis to

measure customer satisfaction by analyzing the data on customer complaints and
feedback. This information can be used to improve the chatbot's responses and
to identify areas where the company needs to improve its products or services.

3. Personalize product recommendations: The chatbot can use statistical

analysis to analyze the data on customer interactions and identify patterns in
customer behavior. This information can be used to personalize product
recommendations for each customer based on their preferences and behavior.

In summary, statistical analysis can help chatbots to improve their responses,

personalize interactions, and provide better customer support overall.

Question 3: give examples of common statistical analysis methods such as Mann

Whitney U test or T test.

Answer 3: Sure, here are some examples of common statistical analysis methods:
 1. T-test: The t-test is a statistical method used to determine whether
there is a significant difference between the means of two groups. For
example, a t-test can be used to determine whether there is a
significant difference in the average age of male and female customers
of a particular product.
2. Mann-Whitney U test: The Mann-Whitney U test is a non-parametric
statistical test used to compare two independent groups. It is used when
the data is not normally distributed. For example, a Mann-Whitney U test
can be used to determine whether there is a significant difference in
the median income of two different neighborhoods.
3. ANOVA: ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) is a statistical method used to
determine whether there is a significant difference between the means of
three or more groups. For example, an ANOVA test can be used to
determine whether there is a significant difference in the average
height of people from different regions of the country.
4. Chi-Square test: The Chi-Square test is a statistical method used to
determine whether there is a significant association between two
categorical variables. For example, a Chi-Square test can be used to
determine whether there is a significant association between gender and
voting preference.
5. Regression analysis: Regression analysis is a statistical method used to
determine the relationship between two variables. For example, a
regression analysis can be used to determine the relationship between
advertising spending and sales revenue.

These are just a few examples of statistical analysis methods commonly used in
data analysis. The choice of method depends on the nature of the data and the
research question being addressed.

Question 4: Give example of T test using python.

Answer 4: Certainly! Here's an example of how to perform a T-test in Python

using the `scipy.stats` library:

```python

import numpy as np

from scipy.stats import ttest_ind

# Generate two sets of data

group1 = np.random.normal(5, 1, 100)

group2 = np.random.normal(7, 1, 100)

# Calculate the T-test

t_statistic, p_value = ttest_ind(group1, group2)

# Print the results

print("T-test statistic:", t_statistic)

print("P-value:", p_value)

```

In this example, we first import the necessary libraries (`numpy` and

`scipy.stats`). We then generate two sets of data, `group1` and `group2`, each
containing 100 random numbers drawn from a normal distribution with different
means.

We then calculate the T-test using the `ttest_ind()` function from the
`scipy.stats` library. This function takes the two groups of data as input and
returns the T-test statistic and the corresponding p-value.

Finally, we print the results of the T-test. The T-test statistic measures the
difference between the means of the two groups, while the p-value indicates the
probability of observing such a difference by chance. If the p-value is less
than a chosen significance level (e.g., 0.05), we can conclude that the
difference between the means is statistically significant.

Question 5: Is there a way to visualize the results of the T-test?

Answer 5：Yes, there are several ways to visualize the results of a T-test in
Python. One common way is to create a box plot for each group of data and
visually compare the medians of the two groups. Here's an example:

```python

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from scipy.stats import ttest_ind

# Generate two sets of data

group1 = np.random.normal(5, 1, 100)

group2 = np.random.normal(7, 1, 100)

# Create a box plot for each group

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

ax.boxplot([group1, group2])

ax.set_xticklabels(['Group 1', 'Group 2'])

# Calculate the T-test

t_statistic, p_value = ttest_ind(group1, group2)

# Add the T-test results to the plot

ax.text(0.05, 0.9, f"T-test statistic: {t_statistic:.2f}",

transform=ax.transAxes)

ax.text(0.05, 0.85, f"P-value: {p_value:.3f}", transform=ax.transAxes)

# Show the plot

plt.show()

```

In this example, we first generate two sets of data (`group1` and `group2`)
using the `numpy` library. We then create a box plot for each group using the
`boxplot()` function from the `matplotlib.pyplot` library. The box plot shows
the median, quartiles, and outliers of each group of data.

We then calculate the T-test using the `ttest_ind()` function from the
`scipy.stats` library. We add the T-test results to the plot using the `text()`
function from `matplotlib.pyplot`.

Finally, we show the plot using the `show()` function from `matplotlib.pyplot`.
The plot allows us to visually compare the medians of the two groups and see
whether they are significantly different.

Question 6: Give example of Mann Whitney U test using python.

Answer 6：Certainly! Here is an example of how to perform the Mann-Whitney U

test in Python using the scipy library:

Suppose we have two sets of data, group1 and group2, and we want to test
whether the medians of the two groups are equal. We can perform the Mann-
Whitney U test as follows:

python
from scipy.stats import mannwhitneyu

# Define the two groups

group1 = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

group2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

# Perform the Mann-Whitney U test

statistic, p_value = mannwhitneyu(group1, group2, alternative='two-sided')

# Print the results

print("Mann-Whitney U statistic:", statistic)

print("p-value:", p_value)

In this example, the mannwhitneyu() function takes the two groups as inputs and
returns the Mann-Whitney U statistic and the p-value. The alternative parameter
is set to 'two-sided', which means we want to test for a difference in medians
in either direction. The resulting output will tell us whether we can reject
the null hypothesis that the two groups have equal medians.

Question 7: Is there a way to visualize the results of the Mann-Whitney U test?

Answer 7：Yes, there are several ways to visualize the results of the Mann-
Whitney U test. Here are a few examples:
 Box plot: A box plot can be used to compare the distributions of the two
groups. The box represents the interquartile range (IQR), and the whiskers
extend to the minimum and maximum values within 1.5 times the IQR. Outliers are
shown as individual points.

python

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import seaborn as sns

# Define the two groups

group1 = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

group2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

# Combine the groups into a single list

data = group1 + group2

# Create a box plot

sns.boxplot(x=['Group 1']*len(group1) + ['Group 2']*len(group2), y=data)

# Add titles and labels

plt.title('Box plot of two groups')

plt.xlabel('Group')

plt.ylabel('Value')
# Show the plot

plt.show()

Histogram: A histogram can be used to visualize the distribution of each

group separately.

python

# Create histograms of the two groups

sns.histplot(group1, kde=True, color='blue', alpha=0.5, label='Group 1')

sns.histplot(group2, kde=True, color='green', alpha=0.5, label='Group 2')

# Add titles and labels

plt.title('Histogram of two groups')

plt.xlabel('Value')

plt.ylabel('Frequency')

# Add a legend

plt.legend()

# Show the plot

plt.show()

Cumulative distribution function (CDF) plot: A CDF plot can be used to

compare the cumulative distribution functions of the two groups.
python

# Create CDF plots of the two groups

sns.ecdfplot(group1, color='blue', alpha=0.5, label='Group 1')

sns.ecdfplot(group2, color='green', alpha=0.5, label='Group 2')

# Add titles and labels

plt.title('CDF plot of two groups')

plt.xlabel('Value')

plt.ylabel('Cumulative probability')

# Add a legend

plt.legend()

# Show the plot

plt.show()

These are just a few examples of how to visualize the results of the Mann-
Whitney U test. Depending on the data and the research question, other types of
plots may be more appropriate.

Question 8: How can I determine which type of plot is most appropriate for my
data and research question?

Answer 8: Choosing the appropriate type of plot depends on the nature of your
data and research question. Here are some general guidelines to help you choose
the right type of plot:
1. Consider the type of data you have: Is your data continuous or categorical?
If your data is continuous, you may want to use a histogram, box plot, or CDF
plot to visualize the distribution of the data. If your data is categorical,
you may want to use a bar plot or a pie chart to visualize the frequency of
each category.

2. Consider the number of variables: Do you want to compare two or more

variables? If you want to compare two variables, you may want to use a scatter
plot or a line plot. If you want to compare more than two variables, you may
want to use a grouped bar plot or a stacked bar plot.

3. Consider the research question: What is the main question you want to answer
with your data? If you want to compare the means or medians of two groups, you
may want to use a box plot or a CDF plot. If you want to compare the frequency
of different categories, you may want to use a bar plot or a pie chart.

4. Consider the audience: Who will be viewing your plot? If you are presenting
your data to a scientific audience, you may want to use a plot that emphasizes
the statistical properties of the data, such as a box plot or CDF plot. If you
are presenting your data to a general audience, you may want to use a plot that
is more intuitive and easy to understand, such as a bar plot or a line plot.

Keep in mind that these are just general guidelines, and the best type of plot
for your data and research question may depend on many other factors as well.
It is always a good idea to experiment with different types of plots and choose
the one that best represents your data and helps to answer your research
question.

Question 9: Give example of Anova using python.

Answer 9: Certainly! Here's an example of how to perform a one-way ANOVA test

in Python using the scipy library:
Suppose we have three groups of data, group1, group2, and group3, and we want
to test whether the means of the three groups are equal. We can perform a one-
way ANOVA test as follows:

python

from scipy.stats import f_oneway

# Define the three groups

group1 = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

group2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

group3 = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

# Perform the one-way ANOVA test

statistic, p_value = f_oneway(group1, group2, group3)

# Print the results

print("One-way ANOVA statistic:", statistic)

print("p-value:", p_value)

In this example, the f_oneway() function takes the three groups as inputs and
returns the ANOVA test statistic and the p-value. The resulting output will
tell us whether we can reject the null hypothesis that the means of the three
groups are equal.

If the p-value is less than the chosen significance level (usually 0.05), we
can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that at least one of the group
means is significantly different from the others. In this case, we may want to
perform post-hoc tests to determine which group means are significantly
different from each other. One common post-hoc test is the Tukey's HSD test,
which can be performed using the statsmodels library:

python

from statsmodels.stats.multicomp import pairwise_tukeyhsd

# Combine the three groups into a single list

data = group1 + group2 + group3

# Create a list of labels for each group

labels = ['Group 1']*len(group1) + ['Group 2']*len(group2) + ['Group

3']*len(group3)

# Perform the Tukey's HSD test

tukey_results = pairwise_tukeyhsd(data, labels, alpha=0.05)

# Print the results

print(tukey_results)

The pairwise_tukeyhsd() function takes the combined data and the group labels
as inputs and returns a summary of the post-hoc test results. The resulting
output will tell us which group means are significantly different from each
other at the chosen significance level.
Note that the Tukey's HSD test assumes that the data are normally distributed
and that the variances of the groups are equal. If these assumptions are not
met, other post-hoc tests may be more appropriate.

Question 10: Is there a way to visualize the differences between the group
means?

Answer 10: Yes, there are several ways to visualize the differences between
the group means. Here are a few examples:

Bar plot: A bar plot can be used to compare the means of the different
groups. Each bar represents the mean of a group, and the error bars represent
the standard error of the mean.

python

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import seaborn as sns

# Define the three groups

group1 = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

group2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

group3 = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

# Combine the three groups into a single list

data = group1 + group2 + group3

# Create a list of labels for each group

labels = ['Group 1']*len(group1) + ['Group 2']*len(group2) + ['Group
3']*len(group3)

# Create a bar plot

sns.barplot(x=labels, y=data, ci='se')

# Add titles and labels

plt.title('Bar plot of three groups')

plt.xlabel('Group')

plt.ylabel('Mean')

# Show the plot

plt.show()

Box plot: A box plot can be used to compare the distributions of the
different groups. The box represents the interquartile range (IQR), and the
whiskers extend to the minimum and maximum values within 1.5 times the IQR.
Outliers are shown as individual points.

python

# Create a box plot

sns.boxplot(x=labels, y=data)

# Add titles and labels

plt.title('Box plot of three groups')

plt.xlabel('Group')

plt.ylabel('Value')

# Show the plot

plt.show()

Violin plot: A violin plot is similar to a box plot, but also shows the
probability density of the data at different values. The width of each violin
represents the density of the data at that value.

python

# Create a violin plot

sns.violinplot(x=labels, y=data)

# Add titles and labels

plt.title('Violin plot of three groups')

plt.xlabel('Group')

plt.ylabel('Value')

# Show the plot

plt.show()
These are just a few examples of how to visualize the differences between the
group means. Depending on the data and the research question, other types of
plots may be more appropriate.

Question 11：Give example of chi square test using python.

Answer 11: Certainly! Here is an example of how to perform a chi-square test

of independence in Python using the scipy library:

Suppose we have two categorical variables, variable1 and variable2, and we want
to test whether there is a significant association between the two variables.
We can perform a chi-square test of independence as follows:

python

from scipy.stats import chi2_contingency

# Define the contingency table

variable1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

variable2 = [1, 1, 2, 2, 2]

contingency_table = [[variable1.count(i) for i in variable1],

[variable2.count(i) for i in variable1]]

# Perform the chi-square test of independence

statistic, p_value, dof, expected = chi2_contingency(contingency_table)

# Print the results

print("Chi-square statistic:", statistic)

print("p-value:", p_value)

In this example, the chi2_contingency() function takes the contingency table as

input and returns the chi-square test statistic, the p-value, the degrees of
freedom, and the expected frequencies. The resulting output will tell us
whether we can reject the null hypothesis that the two variables are
independent.

If the p-value is less than the chosen significance level (usually 0.05), we
can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a significant
association between the two variables.

Note that the contingency table must be in the form of a list of lists, where
each inner list represents a row in the table. The count() function is used to
count the number of occurrences of each category in the variables.

If the contingency table has more than two rows or columns, the chi-square test
of independence can still be used, but the interpretation of the results
becomes more complex. In this case, we may want to perform post-hoc tests or
calculate effect sizes to better understand the nature of the association
between the variables.

Question 12：What are some common post-hoc tests used after performing a chi-
square test of independence?

Answer 12: After performing a chi-square test of independence and rejecting

the null hypothesis that the two categorical variables are independent, post-
hoc tests can be used to determine which categories are associated with each
other. Here are some common post-hoc tests used after performing a chi-square
test of independence:

1. Residual analysis: Residual analysis is a method of identifying which cells

in the contingency table have significantly higher or lower counts than would
be expected under the null hypothesis of independence. Residuals can be
standardized to produce z-scores, which can be used to identify which cells are
most strongly associated with each other.

2. Cramer's V: Cramer's V is a measure of the strength of association between

two variables, calculated as the square root of the chi-square test statistic
divided by the product of the degrees of freedom and the minimum of the number
of rows and columns in the contingency table. Cramer's V ranges from 0 (no
association) to 1 (perfect association).

3. Odds ratio: The odds ratio is a measure of the strength of association

between two variables in a 2x2 contingency table. The odds ratio is calculated
as the ratio of the odds of the outcome in one group to the odds of the outcome
in the other group. If the odds ratio is greater than 1, it indicates that the
two groups are positively associated, while if the odds ratio is less than 1,
it indicates that the two groups are negatively associated.

4. Bonferroni correction: The Bonferroni correction is a method of adjusting

the significance level of post-hoc tests to account for multiple comparisons.
The significance level is divided by the number of tests performed, so that the
overall probability of a type I error (rejecting the null hypothesis when it is
true) is maintained at the desired level.

These are just a few examples of post-hoc tests that can be used after
performing a chi-square test of independence. The choice of post-hoc test will
depend on the nature of the data and the research question.

Question 13: ：Give example of regression test using python.

Answer 13: Sure, here's an example of a simple linear regression test using
Python:

Suppose we have a dataset containing the height and weight of a group of

individuals, and we want to examine the relationship between these two
variables. We can use linear regression to model the relationship between
height and weight, and perform a regression test to determine if the
relationship is statistically significant.
Here's the Python code to perform this analysis using the statsmodels module:

python

import statsmodels.api as sm

import pandas as pd

# load the dataset

df = pd.read_csv('height_weight.csv')

# define the independent and dependent variables

X = df['height']

y = df['weight']

# add a constant term for the intercept

X = sm.add_constant(X)

# fit the linear regression model

model = sm.OLS(y, X).fit()

# print the results

print(model.summary())

In this example, we first load the dataset from a CSV file using the pandas
module. We then define the independent variable X as the height column and the
dependent variable y as the weight column.
Next, we add a constant term for the intercept using the sm.add_constant
function, which is necessary for the regression model. We then fit the linear
regression model using the sm.OLS function and print the summary of the results
using the summary() method.

The summary includes information such as the coefficients of the regression

equation, the standard errors, the t-values, the p-values, and the R-squared
value. The p-value for the height variable indicates the statistical
significance of the relationship between height and weight. If the p-value is
less than our chosen significance level (e.g. 0.05), we can conclude that there
is a statistically significant relationship between height and weight. If the
p-value is greater than our significance level, we cannot reject the null
hypothesis that there is no relationship between height and weight.

This is just a simple example, but regression analysis can be used in a wide
range of applications to model the relationship between variables and make
predictions based on that relationship.

Question 14: What other types of regression analysis are commonly used?

Answer 14: There are several types of regression analysis that are commonly
used in data analysis, each with its own strengths and limitations. Here are
some of the most common types of regression analysis:

1. Linear Regression: This is the most basic type of regression analysis,

which models the linear relationship between a dependent variable and
one or more independent variables. Linear regression is commonly used
for prediction and trend analysis.
2. Logistic Regression: This type of regression analysis is used to model
the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more
independent variables when the dependent variable is binary (i.e., has
only two possible outcomes). Logistic regression is commonly used in
medical research, social sciences, and marketing.
3. Polynomial Regression: This type of regression analysis models the
relationship between a dependent variable and an independent variable
using a polynomial function. Polynomial regression is useful when the
relationship between the variables is nonlinear.
4. Ridge Regression: This type of regression analysis is used when there
are multiple independent variables that are highly correlated with each
 other. Ridge regression adds a penalty term to the regression equation
to reduce the impact of multicollinearity.
5. Lasso Regression: This type of regression analysis is similar to ridge
regression, but it is used to select a subset of independent variables
that have the most influence on the dependent variable. Lasso regression
can be useful for feature selection in machine learning applications.
6. Time Series Regression: This type of regression analysis is used to
model the relationship between a dependent variable and time. Time
series regression is commonly used in economics, finance, and climate
science.

These are just a few examples of the many types of regression analysis that are
commonly used in data analysis. The choice of regression method depends on the
nature of the data and the research question being addressed.

Question 15: How do I determine which type of regression analysis to use for
my specific research question?

Answer 15: Choosing the appropriate type of regression analysis for your
specific research question depends on several factors, such as the nature of
the data, the research design, and the goals of the analysis. Here are some
general guidelines that can help you determine which type of regression
analysis to use:

1. Determine the type of dependent variable: The type of regression

analysis you choose will depend on the type of dependent variable you
have. If your dependent variable is continuous, then linear regression
may be appropriate. If your dependent variable is binary, then logistic
regression may be more appropriate. If your dependent variable is count
data, then Poisson regression may be appropriate.
2. Consider the relationship between the dependent and independent
variables: The relationship between the dependent and independent
variables will also influence the type of regression analysis you
choose. If the relationship is linear, then linear regression may be
appropriate. If the relationship is nonlinear, then polynomial
regression or other nonlinear regression models may be more appropriate.
3. Consider the number of independent variables: The number of independent
variables you have will also influence the type of regression analysis
you choose. If you have only one independent variable, then simple
 linear regression may be appropriate. If you have multiple independent
variables, then multiple regression or other multivariate regression
models may be more appropriate.
4. Consider the assumptions of the regression model: Different types of
regression models have different assumptions about the data. For
example, linear regression assumes that the errors are normally
distributed and have equal variance. If these assumptions are not met,
then alternative regression models may be more appropriate.
5. Consider the goals of the analysis: Finally, you should consider the
goals of the analysis. If your goal is prediction, then linear
regression or other regression models may be appropriate. If your goal
is inference, then you may need to use more complex regression models
that account for confounding variables and other sources of bias.

In summary, the choice of regression analysis depends on the specific research

question, the nature of the data, the relationship between the variables, the
number of independent variables, the assumptions of the model, and the goals of
the analysis. It is important to carefully consider these factors when
selecting the appropriate regression model for your analysis.

5.Discussion

Learning how to use Python's statistics module with the help of ChatGPT can be
a valuable experience for beginner data analysts.

This manuscript showed that ChatGPT can provide personalized guidance and
support throughout the learning python statistics-related practical code.

5.1. Conclusion

In conclusion, learning how to use Python's statistic-related modules with the

help of ChatGPT can be a valuable experience for those interested in data
analysis.
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