aA Reach HIGHER Program Authors Nancy Frey Lada Kratky Nonie K. Lesaux Sylvia Linan-Thompson Deborah J. Short Jennifer D. Turner NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC LEARNING ‘Australia ~ Brazil » Mexico » Singapore * United Kingdom + United StatesNATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC LEARNING National Geographic Lesening, 2 Cengage Company Reach Higher 4A, Program Authors: Nancy Frey, Lada Kratky, Nonie K. Lesaux, Sylvia Linan-Thompson, Deborah J. hort, Jennifer D. Turner Publisher, English Medium instruction (EM\) rik Gundersen Associate Director, RAD: Barnaby Pelter Senior Development Editors Jacqueline Eu Ranji Fonseka Kelsey Zhang | Director of Global Marketing: ian Martin Heads of Regional Marketing: CCharlote Elis (Europe, Micile East and Africa) Kiel Hamm (Asie) Irina Pereyra (Latin America) Product Marketing Menager: David Spain Senior Praduction Controller: Tan Jin Hock Senior Media Researcher (Covers): Leila Hishmeh Senior Designer Lisa Tager Director, Operations: Jason Seige! 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No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be repreduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as permitted by US. copyright law, without the prior written permission ofthe copyright owner. “National Geographic, “National Geographic Society" and the Yellow Border Design are registered trademarks ofthe National Geographic Society @ Marcas Registradas For permission to use material ftom this text or produc, submit equests online at cangage.com/permissions Further permissions questions can be emailed to permissionrequestacengage.com ISBNA3:978-0-357-35695-6 National Geographic Learning 20Channel Center Street Boston, MAO2210 Usa Locate your local office at International.cengage.com/region ‘Visit National Geographic Lesrning online at ELTNGL.com ‘Visit our corporate website at wwweengage.comLiving Traditions Zi Animal Intelligence 72 Amazing Places 144 Power of Nature 214ETT aye] Traditions BIG QUESTION) SOCIAL STUDIES How important are traditions? . asia on cautteanene Unit Opener........ 0.00.2. 2 Josh Ponte: A Musical Journey . . + Interview 10 by Ramona Jafar Shaped by Tradition..................... Bogmelyi (29 bby Patricia Millman The Fairy Serpent ...................00055 FokTele 42 a Chinese folk tale retold by Eloise Vivanco Coming of Age....... 2.2... Magazine Artie 61 : adapted from Skipping Stones; illustrated by Shannon Brady Writing Project: interview. .........0.,.0scseeeeeceee 66 Unit Wrap-Up... 0.00... 70Pics Intelligence BIG QUESTION) SCIENCE A Animal Behavior Just how smart are animals? _ UNIE Opene te sicspsecce oc ca) ee 1 eerie rer inst 72 Kitchen Caper: A Trickster Tale............ TricksterTale 80 by Robyn Montana Turner Mouse Deer and Farmer: A Trickster Tale from Southeast Asia... - - - trickstertale 99 adapted from a story told by Aaron Sheparg; illustrations by Meilo So Animal Smarts ..............----++.+- Science Article 112 by Leslie Hall The Clever Chimps of Fongoli............ Science Article 131 by Elizabeth Senge! Writing Project: Business Letter... 2.0.6.6 0c 138 UNG WI -UPp os oii ensnsis's sve ek oer = 142Table of Contents Amazing geet) aie quEsTiON) SociaL sTupiEs > hic Te id Why learn about other places? eee ie Took an Unit Opener... ig sgt gee 144 What the Future Holds .... . seveees FictionalTale — 152 by Robyn Montana Turner A Map in the Sky pinnate » cians oem S169" by Eloise Vivanco Extreme Earth : + + + Social Studies Article 180 by Beth Geiger Photographing the World........... seeee Profile 199 by Kristin Cozort Writing Project: Research Report............. oan SS Unit Wrap-Up. 212Table of Contents Power ym Cette) (B16 QUESTION) SCIENCE » Natural Resources How do we relate to nature? >Wind, Water, Earth, and Air Unit Opener... .... 2.6... eee eee 214 Wind at Work by Beth Geiger ar ehake ol laser et hee vege Pe Science Article 222 Water: The BlueGold.................+ Persuasive Essay 239 by Alexandra Cousteau, with Carol Verbeeck by Eloise Vivanco Nature Inside Us: Feasts of Nature............ Poem 271 by Eloise Vivanco The SuninMe..............--2 eee eee eee Poem 272 by Moira Andrew Writing Project: Tall Tale Unit Wrap-Up . viiGenres at a Glance Fiction Fictional Tale What the Future Holds Robyn Montana Turner Folk Tale The Fairy Serpent a Chinese folk tale retold by Eloise Vivanco Tall Tale Ozzie Bear ................ Eloise Vivanco Trickster Tale Kitchen Caper A Trickster Tale Robyn Montana Turner Mouse Deer and Farmer: A Trickster Tale from Southeast Asia ............. adapted from a story told by Aaron Shepard Poetry Free Verse ‘A Map in the Sky Eloise Vivanco Lyric Poem Feasts of Nature Eloise Vivanco The Sun in Me Moira Andrew viii Nonfiction Biography/Profile Shaped by Tradition Patricia Millman. (| Photographing the World Kristin Cozort Interview (Josh Ponte: A Musical Journey .. 10 Ramona Jafar Magazine Article Coming of Age . . adapted from Skipping Stones Persuasive Essay (Water: The Blue Gold ....... . 239 Alexandra Cousteau, with Carol Verbeeck Science Article (J animal Smarts .... 2.2.2... 112 Leslie Hall (The Clever Chimps of Fongoll .. 134. Elizabeth Sengel (Wind at Work... 2.2.2.2. 222 Beth Geiger Social Studies Article (Extreme Earth ............. 180 Beth GeigerQuestion CHENGDU, CHINA Panis actress sitting by the window in Qingyang District, a well-known cultural destinationUnit at a Glance © Language Focus: Ex Ask for ond Give Inform« Reading Strategy: Pon and Monitor, Monitor and Cary © Topic: Culture and Trditions Share What You Know © Think of your favorite holiday of the year. Draw a picture to show how your family celebrates it. How is the celebration the same every year? © Share your picture with a partner. © Explain what makes the holiday special for you.PULL ry Language Focus * I feel Tam Express Feelings | listen to Perla’s song. Then use Language Frames to express feelings about your own life. | Fresh Hot Corn Tamales | feel so excited. We're all here today. We're visiting Abuela. We come every May. The family is together. It’s such a big treat. Abuela makes tamales for everyone to eat. song @ D Chorus Oh, fresh hot corn tamales, Abuela makes them right. Oh, fresh hot corn tamales, we'll eat them day and night. | see all my cousins, my uncles and aunts. And then the music starts, so we all sing and dance. | am very happy. The party is great. It’s one night a year when we all stay up late. Chorus Tune: “A Guanchilopostle” Abuela Grandmother 4 unit®@ Key Words eae tradition Look at this picture. Use Key Words and other words to talk about festivals and street fairs. Use the pronunciations in the Picture Dictionary to say new words correctly. weave Street fairs are a summer tradition i People might perform skits. They might play musical instruments or dance. At this fair, people walk on sti an sell handmade ‘crafts. They might baskets or make RRL ig How important are street fairs and other summer festivals? Try to use Language Frames from page 4 and Key Words to express feelings about summer festivals.Main Idea and Details The main idea is what something is mostly about. The details give more information. When you describe an event, you tell the main idea and details. You focus on the most important information. Look at the picture of Perla’s family. Map and Talk Main Idea Diagram ploulcan micks olmainiized Perlas | Perla helps with the food diagram to keep track of what Gran, : happens. Here’s how to make one. mother Some kids dance. has a Write the main idea using just a few words. Then list two or three Party. related details. Someone plays a guitar, bers Look back at page 5. Make a main idea diagram about the street fair. Tell your partner about it. Be sure to focus on what is most important. 6 Unit1® More Key Words Use these words to talk about “Josh Ponte: A Musical Journey” and “Shaped by Tradition.” verb To create means to People’s ideas and To express yourself make something new. way of life make up a means to show how The tiles create a culture. Sports can be you feel. A smile can pattern on the floor. part of a culture. express joy. noun Ree re ciid Tell a partner how each Key Word makes you feel. Explain why. = The word create makes me happy. \ | I think about Amediom isaform | A style is a special way making things. of communication. The of doing something. Internet is one medium —_This artist has her own for news. style of working.Cs Learn to Plan and Monitor Look at the picture. Perla and her grandmother are getting ready for a family party. When you prepare for an event, you have to plan. You preview, or look ahead to, the event. You predict what might happen We invited 30 people When you read, you also plan. You preview the text and predict what you will read. 1. Read the title. Look at the pictures. Ss 2. Begin to read. Stop and make predictions, 3. Read on to check your predictions. My prediction 8 UnitPee acs @ read <> I predict that RUSE eco Set a Purpose Find out why music and nature are important to the cultural traditions of Gabon. One morning in 2001, Josh Ponte read something that changed his life forever. A newspaper ad grabbed his attention: “Gorillas in Africa Need Help.” One week later, he was in the forests of Gabon (ga-bon) with sixteen gorillas. Soon, he fell in love with Gabon’s unique culture. Ponte, who is also a filmmaker and music producer, found that people in Gabon have musical traditions that he had never seen or heard. He decided to help share these rare cultural traditions with the world. | spoke with Mr. Ponte to learn about Gabon’s musical traditions and how those traditions tie to natur ad advertisement rare unusual 12 Unit1Ramona: Mr. Ponte, tell me why you left your home in England to travel to Gabon, a country in Central Africa. Mr. Ponte: When | saw the newspaper ad to help Gabon wildlife, | wanted to help. | grew up in England, playing outdoors whenever | could. | have always been interested in nature. | enjoy learning about other Places in the world. | wanted to see with my own eyes what was. going on in Gabon. > Before You Continue 1. Plan and Monitor Look at the title and the photos on pages 12-13. What do you think this interview will be about? 2. Use Text Features Who is interviewing Mr. Ponte? Explain how you know.Ramona: After your time with Gabonese wildlife, you traveled around the country. This is where you first saw and heard the music of Gabon. What did you think? Mr. Ponte: To me, their music sounds perfect. Many sounds work together like the different birds and animals in the forest. For example, one person claps: in one rhythm, while another hits a can with a stick ina different rhythm. These sounds come together to create beautiful songs. It was very different from what I knew. | wanted to record this music. _ ec thythm pattern what I knew the music | was used fo hearing 14 Unit1Se ee pe ¢ Ramona: How did you see music ft used in daily life in Gabon? Mr. Ponte: Music is what people do all the time. There is no electricity in the villages. What better thing to do than sing and dance all day and night? The P 1 kids sing while they're doing chores. The adults sing while they wash their clothes. Music is a tradition that connects Children collect water. them as they work and play. Music helps them to share their lives. Clapping hands in rhythm chores work 1. Main dea What did Mr. Ponte want to record, and why? 2. Clarify What does Mr. Ponte mean when he says the music is like “different birds and animals in the forest?”Ramona: The history of Gabonese culture is said to be very old. How has music helped the culture survive? Mr. Ponte: | learned that their music has a lot of the information they need. Some people in Gabon cannot read and write, so they tell their stories through music. Each generation passes these stories to the next. Many musical ceremonies are — about survival in the forest. Most of Gabon is covered with forest. Gabon’s forests are generation age group home to many people, the next their children plants, and animals. 16 Unit 1Ramona: How important is music in the lives of the people of Gabon today? Mr. Ponte: | think it’s very important. If you ask people in Gabon where they are from, they will tell you their ethnic group. Each group has its own style of music. So music helps identify people as part of an ethnic group. Music is also used as medicine. When Eig.) perform 2 Sere tcelat eT (ys people are ill, they call a Cees Pea aga their EINE] of m ethnic group culture; family background get better help them heal 1. Cause/Effect How has music helped keep Gabonese culture and stories alive? 2. Poraphrase Think about the questions the interviewer asks on pages 16-17. Now state them in your own words.Ramona: What role do children play in the music and dance of Gabon? Mr. Ponte: | learned that children hear music from a very young age. As they get older, children begin to play musical instruments. Girls play some instruments. Others are only played by boys. Music is special to them. People often expect that the child of a great musician will be a great musician, too. Verte ea PACs eas Cen) ae oreThe mongongo is an instrument . made from a Ramona: How do you think the forests and nature help vine stretched people express their music? branch. Mr. Ponte: Gabonese people make instruments from natural resources. People who live in the villages and forests use the natural materials around them, such as trees. There are no stores where they can buy instruments. When you hear their music, it’s like listening to the sounds of the forest. 1. Confirm Prediction Based on the photos and what you have read so far, was your prediction about the interview correct? Explain. 2. Analyze Why is the mongongo a good example of a Gabonese instrument?Ramona: Did you learn about any Gabonese musical traditions that are slowly being forgotten? Mr. Ponte: Yes. Sometimes when we looked for one particular dance, song, or instrument to record, we could not find anyone left alive who knew it. The pluri arc, for example, is an instrument that is not seen or played very often. Arare musical instrument 20 Unit1a These Gabonese ‘ians combine nal styles with Ramona: Do you think that new music traditions are rn styles of music. replacing older ones? Mr. Ponte: Traditional music can change every time it is played because nothing is written down. They say when an elder dies in Gabon, it’s like a library burning. As time passes, the same songs may be told in different ways. Also, many young Gabonese people now know about the world through travel and the Internet. The young people start to mix new styles of music with traditional ones. Combining new songs with old songs creates a cultural melting pot. elder older person > Before You Continue melting pot mixture of many different things 1. Problem/Solution What problem did ‘Mr. Ponte sometimes have when trying to record Gabonese music? 2. Clarify Why is an elder’s death like o library burning? Explain. 2122 Ramona: In addition to the unique culture , Gabon has unique and amazing wildlife. How important is the natural world to the people of Gabon? Mr. Ponte: It’s very important. In 2002, the government of Gabon created thirteen national parks. They were created to protect Gabon’s people and wildlife. Gabon's forests have stayed almost the same for thousands of years. People such as the pygmies (pig-méz) live in the forest. They understand the forest better than anyone. They help scientists keep track of a park’s animals to make sure they are safe. Loango National Park was one of the thirteen national parks created in 2002. Unit 1Ramona: You've said that the people of Gabon seem to have more time in their daily lives than most people have. What do you mean? Mr. Ponte: | believe that in the villages of Gabon, life is very simple. | saw children make amazing toys from trash they found in the village. Adults spend much of the day making one hot meal. Watches, computers, and cell phones are not part of their lives. They have time to notice every leaf and every cloud in the sky. Ahandmade toy > Before You Continue 1. Details In what year were the national parks of Gabon ereated? How many parks were created? 2. Clarify What did Mr. Ponte learn about how people in the villages of Gabon spend their time? 23t the Natural World Ramona: Why do you think people ii in Gabon care so deeply about their natural world? Mr. Ponte: | think it is because their traditions and lives are connected to the natural world. The village is like a family. The D natural world provides them with everything they need to live. They get their food from nature. They build their musical instruments and homes from natural materials.Ramona: What do you think we can learn from the people of Gabon? Mr. Ponte: We all depend on each other and on nature. In Gabon, | learned that you can have a great life by respecting the world around you. My time in the villages and the forests taught me how important it is to keep our natural world healthy. Twenty-five years from now, | want a world that still has gorillas—and lots of music! Many people in Gabon catch fish for food. Here, a boy in Gabon unloads fish from a boat. Ponte films a musician playing the mongongo, an instrument made from natural materials. A Gabonese man helps orphaned young gorillas and a chimp. 1. Clarify How is a Gabonese village ‘like a family,” according to Mr. Ponte? 2. Paraphrase How does Mr. Ponte answer the interviewer's question on this page? State his answer in your own words. 25Key Words \ Talk About It G0 1. How does this interview help you understand Gabon better than another kind of writing might? craft create culture ‘express medium musical perform pottery The interview gives —_ 2. Imagine that you are Josh Ponte, traveling through Gabon and learning about the traditions there. Express feelings to a partner about your journey. This journey made me feel 3. Name three ways that people in Gabon use music. and. People use music to Write About It O Josh Ponte went to Gabon because of a newspaper ad he saw. That must have been an exciting ad! your version of the ad. Think about the medium of advertising. How can an ad use words and pictures to make someone want to do something? Use Key Words if possible. 26 Unit1Main Idea and Details Make main idea diagrams to tell about parts of “Josh Ponte: A Musical Journey.” Be sure you focus on the most important ideas in each part. Main Idea Diagram Pages He was interested in nature. {2-13: Ponte went to Gabon. List more State the main idea for these pages. Now use your diagrams as you retell “Josh Ponte: A Musical Journey” to a partner. Use as many Key Words as you can. This part of the interview is mainly about Fluency Practice reading with phrasing. Rate your reading. Talk Together Have a talk show. Imagine that the guests on the show are musicians in Gabon. Use Key Words as you talk about the importance of ‘musical traditions in Gabon. 27Use a Dictionary If you don’t know how to say a word, you can use a dictionary to find out. Look at this example of a dictionary entry. The first part shows how to divide the word into syllables. The word f@até has two syllables. cre-ate /kri:'ett/ verb To make something Ifa word has only one syllable, dictionaries usually do not put the ' stress mark before it. Look at the examples. Try It Together This part tells how to pronounce the word. The vertical line (') tells you to stress the second syllable. One-syllable words: cat /kat/ cake /ketk/ met /met/ me /mi:/ itaty ice /nts/ top /tpp/ up /Ap/ Read the dictionary entries. Then answer each question. pot-ter-y /‘ppt(a)ri/ noun Things made of baked clay, such as plates or vases tra-di-tion /tra'dif(@)n/ noun An activity or belief that people share 1. How many syllables does pottery have? A one B two € three D four 28 Uniti 2. Which syllable of tradition do you stress? A the first B the second € the third D noneMaking Connections You read about a filmmaker who is working to keep a tradition of African music alive. Now read about an artist who follows a family tradition of working with clay. Genre In a biography, an author tells the true story of someone's life. The author may include quotations | or statements by that person about his or her life. Michael Naranjo is a Native American and a veteran of the Vietnam War. He is also “a sculptor who happens to be blind.” Naranjo grew up in the Tewa Indian Pueblo of Santa Clara, New Mexico. His love of sculpting was born at the pueblo community. “My mother was a potter. | helped her prepare her clay,” he remembers. veteran of soldier who fought in > Before You Continue Indian Pueblo Native American community 1. Details What do you know about was a potter made bowls and pots from clay Michael Naranjo so far? 2. Clarity How did Michael Naranjo first learn about clay? 29eS SS ES See Preparing the Clay Naranjo’s mother would put brown clay on a canvas cloth and sprinkle white clay on top of it. Next, she would fold the canvas and press the clay into a log shape. “Then | would take off my shoes and perform a little dance ‘on the clay,” Naranjo says. “I could feel the moist clay between my toes. When | reached the other end, I’d step off the canvas.” After the clay is prepared, an artist can mold it. Here, the artist molds the clay to make Pressing clay helps prepare it for molding. fate at ae] ate ate ate ate te | ate | a reached donced all the way to 30 Unit?TSS SS EE EE EEE EEE EES ESESESES Naranjo’s dance served an important purpose. He was blending the white clay and the brown clay to make it stronger. With this clay, his mother could make pots that would last a long time. “Playing with clay—that’s probably how | started sculpting,” Naranjo says. “Not long after that, | wanted to make figures of animals. Even then, | knew that | wanted to be an artist someday.” Rose Naranjo (seated at righ) passed along the art making to her son Michael, her daughter Dolly (seated at left), and her granddaughter Jody (holding her baby). > -2 Coco eee eee eee blending mixing > Before You Continue figures shapes; forms 1. Describe How did Naranjo's mother prepare clay? 2. Make inferences What details from the text show what Naranjo means by playing with clay?Le te [ata | -se-[ abe [ate [ate [ste | te | ate | teat ate | te [te [ate | at ate-[te | te | Reaching a Goal Naranjo did not reach his goal easily. While serving in the army in Vietnam, he was badly wounded. He lost his sight. He also lost partial use of one hand. Naranjo wondered if he could ever be a sculptor. While he was in the hospital, Naranjo asked for a piece of clay. He made a figure of an Inchworm from the clay. Next, Naranjo made a sculpture of a person on a horse. The sculpture was so good that local newspapers photographed it. ARO Cen Cera erat et lost his sight became blind partial some an inchworm a very small worm 32. Unit1SS OS Seeing with His Hands How does Naranjo sculpt? “I was able to see until age 22, so | know what most things look like,” he says. “| get a picture in my mind. Once you have material in your hand that you can mold and shape, you can carry it over from your mind to your fingertips.” Today, Naranjo’s sculptures are displayed across the United States and in Europe. They are even in the White House. + Marte eat Sculptures by Michael Naranjo De Omen oe as he EEEICH sculptures. carry it over communicate it > Before You Continue 1. Clarity What events made Naranjo wonder if he could ever be a sculptor? 2. Paraphrase How does Naranjo “see” with his hands? Explain in your own words.BED) Respond ana Extena ) al perform pottery culture style Compare Author’s eipress tradition — medium Purpose musical Authors write for many different reasons, or purposes. Sometimes they state their purpose clearly. Other times you need to figure it out. * When authors want to entertain, they often write stories, plays, or poems. * When authors write to inform, they include facts. * When authors write to express ideas or persuade, they give opinions. Work with a partner to complete the chart. Comparison Chart ee _ ase ea ee inform about Gabon's 7 traditions RUM rect How important are traditions to artists and musicians? Think about the interview and the biography. Use Key Words to talk about your ideas. 34 Unit1Complete Sentences A sentence expresses a complete thought. A complete sentence has two parts, a subject and a predicate. * The complete subject tells whom My older brother or what the sentence is about. It includes all the words that tell about the subject. * The complete predicate tells what the | plays flute in the subject is, has, or does. It includes all | school band the words in the predicate. * Acomplete sentence needs botha _| My older brother complete subject and a complete plays flute in the predicate. school band. Read Complete Sentences Read these sentences with a partner. What is the complete subject in each sentence? What is the complete predicate? Many people in Gabon tell their stories through music. Each generation passes these stories to the next. Many musical rituals are about survival in the forest. Write Complete Sentences o Write a paragraph about Josh Ponte’s musical journey. Be sure to include a complete subject and a complete predicate in each sentence. Read your paragraph aloud to a partner. 35Peer eae tae + How can I * You can Ask for and Give Information Listen to Luka and Peter's song. Then use Language Frames to ask for information about a tradition that you know about. A Tooth Tradition “| just lost a front tooth, dear brother, dear brother. How can | replace it? Dear brother, tell me.” “On the roof you can throw it, dear Peter, dear Peter. A mouse will come get it, dear Peter, a mouse.” “Now my smile looks so funny, dear brother, dear brother. There's a gap where my tooth was, dear brother, a gap.” “Don't worry, dear Peter, the mouse is a good mouse. And soon it will send you a shiny new tooth.” Tune: “There's a Hole in My Bucket” 36 Unit1Social Studies Vocabulary » @ Key Words Many cultures have traditions for important days in a Key Words ancestor ceremony marriage occasion | ritual person’s life. Look at the pictures. Use Key Words and other words to talk about special oecasions in different cultures. A quinceajios is a party to. celebrate a girl’s 15th birthday. Talk Together Many couples begin their marriage with a wedding . This couple has their hands bound together with a cord. This wedding ritual began hundreds of years ago. Some families have naming ceremonies for their babies. The baby might be given the name of an aa TH: honors both the family member and the baby. How important are traditions in weddings? Try to use Language Frames from page 36 and Key Words to give information to a partner. 37Plot The series of events that make up a story are the plot. © The beginning tells who the characters are and how the story starts. * Most events happen in the middle. © The end tells what finally happens. Look at the pictures. Think about the story they tell. Map and Talk Story Map You can make a story map to tell the plot. Here’s how to make one. Beginning Peter loses his tooth In the first box, tell how the story starts. In the middle box, tell the next events. In the last box, tell how the story ends. Middle He throws his tooth on the root ‘The mouse takes it End Peter's new tooth grows in. RS LUSR recites Listen to a story that your partner tells. Make a story map to describe the plot. 38 Unit1Academic Vocabulary » @ More Key Words Use these words to talk about “The Fairy Serpent” and “Coming of Age.” A belief is a feeling that something is true. What is your belief about hard work? A custom is the usual way of doing something. Their custom is to eat cereal for breakfast. noun A relationship is the way people or things are connected. A role is a part or a purpose. Each actor plays an important role in the school play. To influence someone is to affect that person. Family members can influence your interests. Talk Together Take turns with a partner. Read a Key Word and say what it means. Ask your partner to give an example, have a custom of reading in bed each sight 39Learn to Monitor and Clarify Look at the picture. When you see something you don’t understand, you monitor, or watch carefully. You look for a way to clarify, or make sure you understand, what you see. Soon the meaning may become clear. You also monitor and clarify when you read. 1, When you don't understand g the text, stop. Think about what the text means. What does mean? . IF you don't understand what the text means, reread the text. If the meaning is still not Twill : clear, read on. 2 3. Think about how the meaning has become clearer to you. Tt means 40 Uniteur ed What does _—— mean? BYett dg Together Iwill Read Luka’s interview. Read the sample of how to Himeans| monitor and clarify. Then use Language Frames to tell a partner how you monitored your reading. ae Sample Luka: Tell me about some (customs related to marriage. “What does Luka's What role did your friends play in your wedding ceremony? _| ‘estion mean? Grandma Capeka: Early in the morning, our friends came together. They planted a tree in my family's yard. They put Luka’s Grandparents a th Th ‘it It means, ‘What did lecorations on the tree. They added ribbons and eggshells. aearene ate Luka: Then what happened? ceremony?” Grandpa Jozo: They gave us a traditional gift for the occasion. : \ Grandma Capeka: Yes, they brought us some bread and some salt. The gift shows our beliefs. The bread shows our hope for a healthy life. The salt shows that life is sometimes hard. < Grandpa Jozo: Then we had a big feast. At the end, everyone threw their glasses and cups to the ground. Luka: Why did they do that? Grandpa Jozo: It’s a custom! Breaking glasses brings much luck! Our friends wanted to jinfluence our future. < Grandma Capeka: And it worked! Our relationship has been a happy one for many years! <= A good place to monitor and clarify your reading aRead a Story Genre A folk tale is a story that people share and tell again ‘a and again. Folk tales usually reflect the culture they come from. @ Character and Setting Characters are the people or animals in a story. . Setting is where and when the story takes place. 4 Yu Yan and the ‘4 The setting of this story Fairy Serpent is a small village in China. The story is set in the past. — 42 Uniti> Set a Purpose , A man goes to look for flowers but something unusual happens. Find ‘out what it is. Once upon a time, ina small village in China, there lived a man and his three daughters. The man adored his daughters, and every day, on his way home, he would pick flowers for them. His belief was that the flowers’ sweet smell would make I his daughters even more beautiful. One day, not finding any flowers on his usual route, the man took a different turn and mistakenly walked into a fairy serpent’s realm. The serpent was angry and coiled himself around the man, trapping him. adored loved; cherished realm kingdom coiled wrapped 44 unit)The man begged the serpent to let him go. “I was just collecting flowers for my daughters,” he said. “I did not know I had entered your realm. I am very sorry!” “Hmm,” said the serpent. “Daughters? How many daughters do you have?” “[ have three,” said the man. “As their father, it is my role to look after them. Please let me go!” “How old are your daughters, and what are their names?” asked the serpent. The man was surprised the serpent was so interested in his daughters, but he told him their names and ages. 4546 Unit 1 “L will let you go,” said the serpent, “but only if you promise that one of your daughters will join me in marriage.” The man couldn't believe his ears! “No! I can give you all my money! Or I will come every day with gifts!” But the serpent said, “No! A wife is the only thing I want!” The man thought to himself, I should sacrifice myself for my daughters. But then he thought some more: But I must care for my daughters. Reluctantly, he accepted the serpent's offer. couldn't believe his ears didn't accept what he was hearing sacrifice give up Reluctantly Although not really wanting toThe man walked home with a heavy heart. He was so worried. He knew that the fairy serpent would make him keep his promise. If he didn’t send one of his daughters to marry the giant snake, then surely terrible things would happen to their family. When the man got home, his three loving daughters had made him a delicious dinner. But he was so worried, he couldn’t eat a bite. His daughters thought this was very strange—their father always had a good appetite. heavy heart much sadness and worry > Before You Continue couldn't eat a bite couldn't eat anything 1. Plot How did the serpent trap the man? had a good appetite ate a lot How did he escape? 2. Character What is the father like? How can you tell?> Predict What will the man tell his daughters? How will they react? Several days went by, and still their father would not eat. The three daughters became very worried. On one oeeasion,, desperate to make him eat, the daughters | prepared a grand feast with all of his favorite foods. But the man still did not eat anything. The daughters concluded that he must be angry with one of them and therefore would not eat their food. ; They decided to find out which daughter he was angry with by taking turns making his food and serving it to him. = eee) Nor grand feast lorge meal concluded decided therefore for that reason 48 Unit1The next day, the eldest daughter prepared and served the food. She begged her father to eat and asked him whether he was angry with her. “I am not angry with you, daughter. But I do have a dilemma.” He explained what had happened and the promise he had made to the serpent. “Will you marry the serpent?” he asked. “No!” said the eldest daughter. “I cannot!” The man said he understood, and he asked his eldest daughter not to tell her sisters about the serpent She promised she wouldn't. begged pleaded with dilemma problem 4950 Unit1 Later that evening, the middle daughter prepared a beautiful supper of traditional dishes she knew her father enjoyed. He reluctantly asked his daughter whether she would marry the serpent. “If we don’t do what the serpent asks, | am afraid something terrible will happen to our family,” he said. “How can you ask me to marry a snake?” cried the middle daughter. “It is the responsibility of the father to find a suitable groom for his daughters. Do you think a snake would be a good husband?” Again, the man refused to eat anything. He asked his middle daughter to not say anything to her younger sister. reluctantly grudgingly suitable groom appropriate husbandSr eens Cot ae tte Yan, was his favorite. When it was her turn to prepare the meal, her father Sem CM ares eee agi Rat ASecy or eae One eo ats Toe said the girl, “You must eat. And as eas teen Roiog ratange com nts en rrenae oncensten th Sueur UMrSe cs tcars Me ey Seen enn ae ConC nT ay Pirorere outta ten teccnte a teats Ue MCsa sustains relieved less worried > Before You Continue 1. Plot What does the youngest daughter promise to do? 2. Clarify Why is her father sad about it?> Predict Will Yu Yan marry the serpent? What will happen next? E.- several days, Yu Yan and her father heard nothing from the serpent. They began to think that maybe she would not have to marry him after all, Then one day, a bee flew in through the window of their house. It began to sting the man and his daughters as it sang a song: “Buzz, buzz, lam the bee, the fairy serpent says, ‘Who will marry me?” The eldest daughter swatted at the bee until it finally flew away. swatted tried to hit 52 Unit1the same song and stung the man and all his daughters. Yu Yan knew she must keep her promise to the snake. “Stop! I will marry the serpent!” she said, and she followed the bees to the serpent’s realm. The serpent welcomed the girl into his home. It was a beautiful house, rich in gold and luxurious furniture. Yu Yan noticed the serpent had kind eyes and a soft voice, but he had rough, scaly skin. She ee) luxurious expensive and beautiful rough not smooth scaly flaky, scabbyThe day of the wedding, Yu Yan, as was the custom, dressed in beautiful, traditional clothes. She was concerned, of course, about marrying the serpent, but she knew she had to in order to save her father and sisters. The marriage ceremony was beautiful, and Yu Yan, her family, and the serpent enjoyed a lavish wedding meal. The serpent treated Yu Yan very well, and for that she told him she was grateful, and she promised to look after him. The serpent really loved Yu Yan and was happy she had agreed to be his wife. concerned a little worried lavish rich and extravagant look after take care of 54 unit 1Yu Yan kept her word and looked after her husband. The serpent adored his wife and brought her beautiful clothes and expensive presents. Yu Yan eventually grew to love the serpent’s kind nature. One day, there was no water in the well, and Yu Yan trekked. into the forest to find some. It took her hours to find water and bring it back to the house. When she finally got home, she found the serpent dying from dehydration. In a panic, she threw the water from the bucket all over him. adored loved very much eventually gradually, finally trekked walked very far over difficult terrain dehydration not enough waterAs the water washed over the serpent, he began to shed his skin. To Yu Yan's amazement, from the water rose a handsome young man! The girl couldn't believe her eyes! “Who are you?” she asked. “Lam your husband,” said the young man, “The water and your great devotion to me have set me free from my curse.” Yu Yan was overjoyed. She and her husband lived a long and happy life together. amazement great surprise > Before You Continue devotion loyalty 1. Clarify How did Yu Yan turn the serpent curse magic spell into a man? overjoyed very hoppy 2. Plot How does the marriage turn out? Is Yu Yan happy? 56 Unit1Meet the Author Eloise Vivanco Eloise Vivanco is from the United Kingdom. She has always liked writing and telling stories, and she particularly likes folk tales. She likes the story about the fairy serpent because the girl is able to look beyond the serpent's scales and rough skin. She likes him because he is kind and loving. It reminds her of the story of “Beauty and the Beast,” which was one of her favorite fairy tales when she was growing up. Now she likes to tell fairy tales to her own daughters, but she hopes neither of them marries a serpent! Writing Tip o Think of another story you know with characters who accept someone for who they are, even if other people don’t. Write a short paragraph describing the characters and why they accept the person. 57occasion Talk About It G0 sumer enn 1. What clues tell you that this story is a folk tale? It is a story that ___. Also, 2. Talk with a partner about the relationship between Yu Yan and her father. Ask for and give information as you describe the interactions of these characters. What does the father ____ ? Why does Yu Yan ? The father Yu Yan. 3. How does the author use language to make this folk tale interesting? Write About It O Would you tell a friend to read this story? Why or why not? Use Key Words to write about your ideas in a friendly letter. Include at least one example from the story to explain your opinion. August 27, 20__ Dear. This story is One example is —_. because B 58 Unit1Plot Make a story map to show what happens in “The Fairy Serpent.” Notice that some events affect what happens later in the story. Story Map Beginning i Describe the is captured by the sna ibe father elon the sucka characters and first events. Middle ‘The father can't eat because he is worried about Tell the most asking one of his daughters to marry the serpent, important Yo Yan agrees to marry the snake. events here. Write the ending here. Now use your story map as you retell the story to a partner. Try to use Key Words, too. Fluency Practice reading with expression. Rate your reading. ILS recited For Yu Yan and her father, how important are traditions? Use Key Words as you talk about other traditions that may guide the family. 59Idioms and Expressions Idioms and expressions are colorful ways to say something. The words that make up an idiom mean something different from what they mean by themselves. Use clues from the sentence to figure out what an idiom or expression means. What You Say | What You Mean She will @ivelherhandlin marriage. | She will get married. \'ll Spread ithe Word about the I'll tell people about the happy occasion. happy occasion. The room was so quiet Weleeuld —_| The room was so quiet we hear a pin drop. could hear every sound. Try It Together Figure out the meaning of the idioms. Then answer each question. Lisa was great at most things, but the shoe was on the other foot when she started piano lessons. “I'm all thumbs!" she complained to her mother at practice time. 1, The expression t on | 2. Thesentence “I'm all the other foot probably means thumbs” probably means A nothing changed. A I'm very good at this. B things were totally different. B I'm very confused. € things were loud. € | feel sick. D things were on the ground. D I'm not very good at this. 60 Unit 1Making Connections Read about a family ‘eustom from India that celebrates a girl's coming of age. ® f Genre A magazine article is nonfiction. It gives ominsg facts about real people, places, or events. adapted from Skipping Stones @ illustrated by Shannon Brady ate » | a Many Hindus celebrate important phases in life with special ceremonies called samskaras. For Jyotsna Grandhi, \f one important samskara happened when she turned eleven. * The ceremony, called a sari ceremony, welcomed her into adulthood. During the ceremony, Jyotsna received her first half sari, or voni. In some Indian traditions, this is meant to be the outfit worn by young women until marriage. Here is what Jyotsna had to say about her sari ceremony. x 4Asariisa traditional garment worn by some women in India. phases in life times in a person's > Before You Continue eypw ond cevelopment 1. Use Text Features How do the title, tured reached the age of illustration, and caption help you outfit clothing understand what this article is about? 2. Main Idea What does the sari ceremony celebrate? 61Jyotsnas Sari Ceremony | celebrated my sari ceremony at my aunt’s home in India. | wore my best silk skirt, blouse, and jewelry. | sat on a chair decorated with flowers. My uncle and his wife presented my first voni to me, along with jewelry. | was asked to put on the new clothes and the jewelry. All our relatives took turns blessing me by putting yellow- colored rice grains on my head. They also handed me gifts. 4 In Jyotsna’s sari ‘€eremony, she received blessing me wishing me good her first voni, or half sari. luck and good health 62 Unit14 Family and friends gave Jyotsna presents to celebrate her coming of age. being pampered getting special treatment baby of youngest person in ¥ Indian girls wear this kind of traditional jewelry during their sari ceremony. Before the ceremony started, | was excited. | knew that afterwards people would think of me as a young woman. | was also partly sad because | would miss being pampered as the baby of the house. During the ceremony, | felt uncomfortable when everybody was looking at me. All | could think of was taking the dress off and changing into my regular outfit. | liked the gift-giving part of the ceremony best! —Jyotsna Grandhi, 14, Indian-American, New Jersey, USA > Before You Continue 1. Clarify What parts of the text help you understand why Jyotsna Felt uncomfortable during the ceremony? 2. Details What special customs are part of the ceremony? — 63belief ocean — Compare Content 22” Se" role “The Fairy Serpent” and “Coming of Age” are two different genres. Yet, they are based on the same big idea. You can compare and contrast the content of the two selections. Complete the Venn diagram. Think about the time and place described in the folk tale and in the article. Notice the types of details the authors use. Venn Diagram Story could not really happen. To contrast, what is different here Talk together How important are family traditions? Think about the folk tale and the magazine article. Use Key Words and examples from the text to talk about your ideas. 64 Unit 1Subject-Verb Agreement The subject and verb of a sentence must agree. A compound subject has two [SUbjeets| joined by and or or. The [boys and the gitll perform at the concert. The boys or the @ifl performs at the concert. * Use a plural verb with two | Uncle Leo and Aunt Flora sing subjects joined by and. at the festival every year. © If the subjects are joined by or, look at the last subject. * If the last subject is singular, | Our cousins or Uncle Leo sings use a singular verb. at the festival every year. © If the last subject is plural, use | Uncle Leo or our cousins sing at a plural verb. ihe festival every year. Read Sentences Read these sentences with a partner. Find one compound subject. Talk about subject-verb agreement. The man’s eldest two daughters refuse to marry the serpent. Yu Yan marries the snake. Write Compound Subjects g Write a short paragraph to describe a custom in your family. Use some compound subjects. Check for subject-verb agreement! 65Mss g Project Write as a Reporter Write an Interview o Interview a neighbor or family member about a tradition that interests you. Write an article that tells about the person and describes the tradition. Study a Model In an interview, one person gathers information by asking another person questions. Often, the information is presented in a question- and-answer format. Koko the Storyteller by Shavon Jackson The first Kanoro Lewis is Koko the Storyteller. He paragraph travels to schools and fairs all over. | asked intro ckrces him about what he does. the person interviewed Why did you become a storyteller? Shavon and the topic. Telling stories is an old tradition. It helps resent people learn about their heritage. The answer to ‘What kinds of stories do you tell? eng each question All my stories are from the African-American ice emsoohily uses the people. Some are folk tales. Others are stories frottonz cite. person's exact about our history. next. vores ‘What do you do when you tellthe stories? Sometimes | dress up like the characters in the story. My favorite is Anansi the spider. Shavon | wear a jacket with eight sleeves! chooses a good ‘ quotation I really love what | oo J plan to tell stories for toendthe as long as people wil listen. interview. 66 Unit1Prewrite 1. Choose a Topic Whom will you interview? What tradition will you focus on? Talk with a partner to choose the best ideas. Pee ued Tell Your Ideas Respond to Ideas ‘+ Tm curious about . sounds interesting! How Use could tell me about this tradition will you learn more about it? fragrtiend : is from __. I'l ask * I think most people already Know Ro cHGase! about the traditions in that country. | about Can you choose your topic. something else? 2. Gather Information Prepare your questions ahead of time ina 5Ws chart. Then set up your interview and ask your questions. Take notes or record the interview. 5Ws Chart Who is your favorite character? Write a What kind of stories do you tell? list of questions. Where do you perform? 3. Get Organized Review your notes or recording. Which questions gave the most important or interesting details? Put those questions in a logical order so they flow smoothly. Draft Use your questions and answers to write your article. * Begin with a few sentences to introduce the person and the topic. * Clearly label each question and answer. * Choose the best details to include. Use the person's exact words. 67a ‘ing Project, con Revise 1. Read, Revise, Retell Read your draft aloud to a partner. Use the words “question” and “answer” so your partner will understand what parts you are reading. Then you can both talk about how to improve it. Pee ed Retell Make Suggestions * You interviewed + Td like to know more about * The tradition the person talked hat other details could about was you include? * The most interesting things I + The sequence of questions doesn't learned were seem logical. Could you move to ___? 2. Make Changes Think about your draft and your partner's suggestions. Use revision marks to make your changes. * Are your questions in a logical order? 2. What kinds of stories do you tell? S 1. Why did you become a storyteller? <7 3. What do you do when you tell your stories? * Add more details as needed. He travels to schools and fairs all over: Kanoro Lewis is Koko the Storyteller,| asked him about what he does. 68 Unit1Cell Tilolat When parts of a compound subject are connected by cor, make sure the verb agrees with the subject closest to it, Edit and Proofread Work with a partner to edit and proofread your interview. Check that the subject in each sentence agrees with the verb. Pay special attention to compound subjects. On Your Own Make a final copy of your interview. Read it aloud to your classmates. You may want to ask a partner to read the questions or answers for you. eee ee When you read a question, Try to picture the tradition as | make your voice go up slightly | the speaker describes it. at the end of the sentence. If you have a picture of the | Make connections to other person you interviewed, | traditions that you know show it to your listeners. about. With a Group Collect all of the interviews and put them together in a binder. Set up listening stations with the recorded interviews. What are some of the new words and phrases that you oy heard? What did you learn about traditions? Talk with your group about these ideas.ay Cc] How important are traditions? In this unit, you found lots of answers to the Big Question. Now make a concept map to discuss the Big Question with the class. Concept Map Z oS Why are q U / traditions important? S 4 Write a Description Gg Use your concept map. Write a description of a tradition that is important in your family. Tell what makes it important. 70 Unit1Share Your Ideas iis bg Wrap-Up Choose one of these ways to share your ideas about the Big Question. Beats Is there a new tradition you want to M1 start in your mr family? What is it? What would people do? Tell § @ partner. Share a Game or Song Share a game or song that you learned from an older family member. Teach it to classmates so they can play or perform it. When you give instructions, be sure you teach the steps in the correct order! Write a Column How can someone choose a good husband or wife? Write an advice column about it. Give advice You shou chonag for choosing someone 5 fs YU really the right like, because you person will have to spend 4 lot of time with to marry. ie Make a Time Capsule Make a time capsule for younger family members. Write and draw to teach them about your family’s most important traditions. Save the capsule to give to them in the future. 1ian (une Just how smart are animals? oF ECKERNFORDE, GERMANY Aservice dog walking beside her diabetic owne carrying a basket of sugary drinksUnit at a Glance © Language Focus: Expres es, Engage in Conversation » Reading Strategy: Make Connections » Topic: Animal Behavior Share What You Know g @ Think about a pet you know or a favorite animal from TV. Draw the animal. @ Tell the class about your drawin: What makes the animal special? © Listen to your classmates tell about their drawings. Ask questions about the animals they drew.Language Focus Language Frames thi Express Ideas Listen to the dialogue between Gina and Nazario. Then use Language Frames to express ideas about an animal you have seen. It has sharp 1 Know it's a teeth, too. raccoon, It has a black mask and a ringed tail Look! A wild animal. I think they are very scary. raccoons are very smart. 74 unit 2adaptation "defend ® Key Words ao trait Look at the photos. Use Key Words and other words to talk about why animals look and act as they do. A bobcat is a predator. Bobcats have many for hunting, such as powerful jaws. A bobcat’s includes rabbits, squirrels, and other small mammals. Raccoons have many traits that help them survive, They are intelligent, and they have sharp teeth to defend themselves. Talk Together Just how smart are bobcats and raccoons? How can you tell? Try to use Language Frames from page 74 and Key Words to express ideas to a partner. 75Analyze Characters Writers describe characters. You can also tell what characters are like by: © what they say or do. * how they act with each other. Read the picture story. Find out more about Nazario and Gina. Raccoons are Raccoons interesting are scary Map and Talk You can make a character chart to analyze characters. Write each name. Then fill in what the character does and says. Tell what these details show about the character. Character Chart What the Character D Nazario screams, runs away | Raccoons are scary. What It Shows. She is curious. She is brave. He is shy. He is scared, tade ecg Tell your partner about another character you have read about. Describe the character's traits. Make a character chart with your partner. 76 Unit2® More Key Words Use these words to talk about “Kitchen Caper” and “Mouse Deer and Farmer.” Behavior is how a A characteristic is a A response is an living thing acts. You feature. White marks answer. These students can train an animal to ‘are a characteristic of want to give a response learn a new behavior. this snake. to a question. Talk Together noun Work with a partner. Write a sentence for each Key Word showing what the word means. My strategy work hard, — A strategy is a careful Survival means living plan. This girl has a in spite of obstacles. strategy for winning | Survival is difficult in the game. | very cold places. 7Reading Strategy Od Learn to Make Connections Look at the picture. If it reminds you of something, you have made a connection to it. You make connections when you read, too. How f0 Make Connections oo) 1. Think about what the text is about. 2. As you read, connect the text to yourself. Think about what you know and have seen in the world. Ss 3. Decide how these connections ape help you understand the text. 78 Unit 2 It's about reminds me of Now I understandPee @ It's about se reminds me of —___ fiz Now I understand Talk Together Read Nazario’s story, “Three City Raccoons.” Read the sample connection. Then use Language Frames as you make connections to the story. Tell your partner about them. Three City Raccoons ‘A raccoon family lived in the country. They were Trini, Goyo, and their son Chucho. “m hungry,” said Chucho. ‘Sample Connection Actually, they were all hungry because there was no food. "It’s about raccoons Trini knew their Survival was in danger. Luckily, she had a good ig Honey : , This story reminds plan. Being smart is a eharaéteristie of many raccoons. Tis en ere “Let’s move to the city,” she said, “Weill find food there.” watched about fow “No way,” said Goyo. “I lke the country.” conde gs ce a Now I understand why Chucho's response was more positive. “Let's go, Dad,” he raccoons have tobe said. “It will be an adventure!” Trini and Chucho started walking to the city. Goyo didn't want to go, but he followed them. Why? He didn't want to be alone. In the city, the family found exciting new food—garbage! < Trin's Strategy worked. The raccoons changed their behavior in the city. In the country, they were predators. They ate bugs and worms. In the city, they looked for garbage at night. Even Goyo was happy. < “People throw away such tasty food,” he said, licking some jelly off a paper plate. The raccoons laughed and went to look for more garbage. {= A good place to make a connection 79