TANGENT & NORMAL

EXERCISE - 01 CHECK YOUR GRASP

 c 2 dy
1. Let any point on the curve is  , ct  14. Length of subnormal = y
t dx
3 dy
c3 dy 2c 3 2c y 2 = 8ax  2y = 8a
y= 2  =– 3 =– 3 3 dx
x dx x c /t
dy
dy  y = 4a
= – 2t3 dx
dx
Equation of tangent is dx dy
17. 
 c dt dt
y – ct2 = – 2t3  x  
t dy
For x intercept 1
dx
 c c c 9
0 – ct2 = – 2t3  a    =a– dy dy
 t 2t t 3y 2 = 27  = 2
dx dx y
3c
a = 9
2 t > 1  y 2 < 9
For y intercept y2
 c  –3 < y < 3  –27 < y 3 < 27
b– ct2 =– 2t3  0  
t  –27 < 27x < 27  –1 < x < 1
 b – ct2 = 2t2c  b = 3ct2 dy  dy  2a 2a
19. (a) 2y = 4a      = m1
9 c 2
27c 3 dx  dx  1 y 1 e  x / 2 a
No w a2b = . 2 × 3ct2 = x
4 t 4  dy  1 2 a
8. Let the line has equation y = c For IInd curve    e  m2
dx 2 2a
Now given curve is y = x m1 m2 = – 1
dy 1  dy   dy 
  (b) 2y   = 4a ; 2x = 4a  
dx 2 x dx 1 dx 2
2a x
No w c = x m1 = y m2 = 1
1 2a
dy 1 y12 = 4ax1 ....(i) x12 = 4ay1 ......(ii)
 
dx 2c m1m2  –1
 m1  m 2 a2
since tan 4  1  m m (c) y= ; x2 – y 2 = b 2
1 2 x
1 a2 x1
0 1 1 m1 = – 2 ; 2x1 – 2y1m2 = 0  m2 = y
1 = 2c  = 1  c =  x1 1

10 2c 2
a 2 a 2
m1 m2 = = = –1
1 x1 y1 a2
But c is positive  y =
2 dy
(d) m1 = = a ; 2x + 2ym2 = 0
dy 3 2 dx
10. 2y = x 3
  x = 0
dx 2 x
m2 = –
y
dy dy
y 2 = 32x  = 322y    ax ax
dx dx m1m2 = – = – = –1
Angle between the curves is /2 y ax

22.

dx 2  cos ec t

2

dy
y 2 dt cot t
dx   dy   dy
 dx   dx
y dx at t = , = –4
12. 4 dt
dy
dx dy
 sec 2 t  cos ec 2 t
dt
  dy Equation of tangent at (0, 0) is x = 0
at t = = 0
4 dt
Equation of normal is y = 0
dy
= 0 for tangent & hence it is parallel to x–axis f(x) = f–1(x)
dx
& its normal is parallel to y axis 1

1 x 3 = x3  x9 = x
23. f'(x) =
3x 2 / 3  x = 0 ; 1 ; –1
f'(0)   tangent is vertical at x = 0

EXERCISE - 02 BRAIN TEASERS

dy m
1.  K 2 e kx y = mx + 2 –
dx 2
dy m x2
= K2 = tan Put it in the parabolas mx + 2 – = – + 2
dx x 0
2 2
(where  is angle made by x-axis) x2 m
+ mx – =0
Let  be the angle made by y-axis 2 2
since D = 0  m2 + m = 0
 3   m = 0, –1
tan   tan     = cot Two tangents are there (i) y = 2
 2  () 1
cot  = K2 (ii) y = –x + 2 +
2
 = cot–1 (K2) 
5
 y=–x+
 1  2
  = sin–1 
4 
 1K 
2

3. y =
a  x      y =
a2
+ 2a + x
x x y = 4 – x2
5
dy  a 2 The line y = 2 is tangent but y = –x + is secant
= 2 +1= –1 (for equal intercepts) 2
dx x for the curve
2
a a 12. (f'(x))2 = f(x)f''(x)
x2 = x
2 2  (y')2 = yy''
8. y = xn  y' = nxn – 1 y' y ''
1   y dx   y
dx  ny = ny' + c1
equation of normal (y – an) = (x  a)
na n 1 f(0) = 1, f'(0) = 1  c1 = 0
a 2 n  y = y'
 b =  an
n y'
  y dx   1 dx  ny  x  c 2
1
lim b =  n= 2
f(0) = 1  c2 = 0
a 0 2
1  y = ex

10. Equation of tangent is y – 2 = m  x   y'' > 0  x  R
2
EXERCISE - 03 MISCELLANEOUS TYPE QUESTIONS
Match the Column : (B) Slope of normal = –1
dy dy dy
2. (A) 4y  2ax  –4  2a Slope of tangent = 1 =
dx dx dx
dy a dy
  = – 1    a = 2 18y = 3x 2
dx 2 dx
2y 2 = ax 2 + b 18b = 3a 2
2 = a + b a2
b = 0 b = .....(i)
6
a – b = 2 – 0 = 2 9b 2 = a 3 .....(ii)
 a4 16 8 Comprehension # 1 :
9. = a3  a = 4 ; b = = f(x) = x 2f(1) – xf'(2) + f''(3)
36 6 3
8 4 f(0) = 2  f''(3) = 2
a – b = 4 – = f(x) = x 2 f(1) – xf'(2) + 2
3 3
7 f'(x) = 2xf(1) – f'(2)
(C) (1, 2) satisfies y = ax 2 + bx + f'(2) = 4f(1) – f'(2) ......(i)
2
7 3 f''(x) = 2f(1)
 2 = a + b +  a + b = f''(3) = 2f(1)
2 2
dy 2 = 2f(1)  f(1) = 1
= 2ax + b = 2a + b
dx f'(2) = 4(1) – f'(2) (from (i))
dy f'(2) = 2
for II nd curve = 2x + 6 = 2
dx f(x) = x 2 – 2x + 2
1 1. f'(x) = 2x – 2
Slope of normal = 
2  f'(1) = 0
1 2. f'(x) = 2x – 2    f'(3) = 4
2a + b = 
2 equation of tangent at (3, 5) is
Solve for a & b y – 5 = 4(x – 3)
(D) Put, (1, 1) 1 + a + b = 0 ......(i) y = 4x – 7
dy 3. 2e 2x = x 2 – 2x + 2
= 2
dx interseting at (0, 2)
y + xy' + a + by' = 0  dy   dy 
1 + 2 + a + 2b = 0  dx   2 ;  dx   4
 1  2
a + 2b = –3 ......(ii)
get the values of a & b m1  m 2
Assertion and Reason : angle of intersection =
1  m 1m 2
dy 6 6 
3. = 7x 6 + 24x 2 + 2 tan =    = tan –1  
dx 7 7
which is always positive

EXERCISE - 04 [A] CONCEPTUAL SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE

3 x 12 1
1. 2yy' – 6x2 – 4y' = 0  y' = 5. Slope = –
(y 1  2) 2
y1  2 dy
Also slope = (x  1) = –sin(x + y) (1 + y')
1 dx
1 1
(x1,y1)  – = –sin(x + y) (1 – )
2 2
 sin(x + y) = 1
(1,2)  cos(x + y) = 0  y=0
cosx = 0

3 x 12 (y 1  2)  3  3
Equating both terms = (x  1)  x= , ,– ,–
(y 1  2) 1
2 2 2 2
 3x12(x1 – 1) = (y1 – 2)2  3
sinx = 1 is possible for x = or –
 3x13 – 3x12 = y12 – 4y1 + 4 2 2
 3x13 – 3x12 = (2x13 – 8) + 4 1  
 x13 – 3x12 + 4 = 0 Equation are : y–0=–  x  2 
2
 (x1 + 1) (x12 – 4x1 + 4) = 0
1  3 
 (x1 + 1) (x1 – 2)2 = 0 and y–0=–  x  2 
2
get the equation of tangent at x1 = –1, x1 = 2
8. At t = 0 the point is origin 2(x 1  y 1 y' ) C(y ' x 1  y 1 )

dx 2t  t 2 sin 1 / t  0 (x 12  y 12 ) (x 12  y 12 )
= lim 2
dt t 0 t 2x1 + 2y 1y ' = Cx1y ' – Cy 1
1 2x1 + Cy 1 = y ' (Cx1 – 2y 1)
sin t 2
dy t
 lim 1 (2x 1  Cy 1 )
dt t 0 t y'=  m2
(Cx 1  2y 1 )
dy 1
 m1  m 2
dx 2
Calculate tan = 1  m m
1 2
1
equation of tangent is y – 0 = (x  0)
2 16. A + B + C =   dA + dB = 0  dA = – dB
equation of normal is y – 0 = –2(x – 0)
9. Points of intersection of curve x2y = xy are c
= 2R = constant
sin C
1
(0, 1), (1, ) a = 2RsinA  da = 2RcosAdA ..........(i)
2
The equation of tangent at (0, 1) similarly db = 2RcosBdB .......(ii)
2xy + x2y ' = –y ' Divide (i) by (ii)
y' = 0
da cos A (dA ) da cos A
equation is y – 1 = 0  y = 1    = 
db cos B(dB) db cos B
1
equation of tangent at (1, ) is 2xy + x2y ' = –y '
2
1
1 + y ' = –y '  y ' = – 18.
2 4.5
1 1 1.5
y– = – (x – 1) 
2 2
y x
1 x 1
Put y = 1 =  
2 2 2 4.5 1.5
x = 0  3x = x + y 2x = y
xy x
Point of intersection of tangent is (0, 1)
2dx dy
11. Let the point is (x1, y1) 
dt dt
Slope of line joining (0, 0) & (x1, y1) is
dy dx
y1  4 is given then 2
m1 = dt dt
x1

 y' y  d dx dy
C  2 (a) (x  y)   = 4+ 2 = 6 km/hr..
(2x  2yy ') x x  dt dt dt

(x 2  y 2 )  y2  dx
 1  2  (b) Shadow lengthening =  2 km/hr..
x dt

EXERCISE - 04 [B] BRAIN STORMING SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE

dv k dr k r = (t + 1) 1/4
2. =  4r 2 =
dt r dt r 4
at t = 0 volume (v 1 ) = 
4r 3 dr= kdt 3
r 4 = kt + c
at t = 0 ; r = 1  c =  4
at time t volume (v 2) = (t + 1) 3/4
3
 kt 
r4 =   1  v 2 = 27v 1
 
4 4
put r = 2 & t = 15  k =   (t + 1) 3/4 = (27) 
3 3
r4 = t + 1
Solve for t
  t1  t 2 t12  t 22  10. Any point on curve y = x2 is P(t, t2)
4. Mid point of AB is  , 
2 2  dy
 2x
Equation of tangent at point A is dx
y + t 1 2 = 2xt 1 ... (i) equation of normal at (t, t2) is
Equation of tangent at point B is
1
y + t 2 2 = 2xt 2 ... (ii) y – t2 =  (x – t)
2t
(i) – (ii)  t 12 – t 22 = 2x(t 1 – t 2 )
Solving with y = x2 we get
(t 1  t 2 ) 1 
x = 1 
2 x2 – t2 = (x – t)  (x – t)  x  t    0
2t  2t 
y + t 12 = t 1 (t 1 + t 2 )
1
y = t 1t 2  x = –t
2t
 (t1  t 2 )  So normal cuts the curve again at
Point C is  , t1 t 2 
2  2
 1  1  
Q t  ,  t   

t12  t 22  2t  2t  
Length of median is  t1 t 2  
2
3
 1 
2 z = PQ2 = 4 t 2  1  2 
(t1  t 2 )  4t 
= = m
2
dz 1
Now 0  t , 0
t1 t 12 1 dt 2
1
Area of ABC = t2 t 22 1 dz
2 changes sign from negative to positive about
t1  t 2 dt
t1 t 2 1
2 1 1
R 2  R 2 –R 1 & R 3  R 3 – R 1 t as well as t  
2 2
t1 t12 1 (No chord is formed for t = 0)
1
= (t 2  t1 ) (t 22  t12 ) 0 1
2 z is minimum at t = ± & minimum value of
(t 2  t1 ) 2
t1 (t 2  t 1 ) 0
2 z = PQ2 = 3

t1 t12 1 Shor te st normal chord has length 3 & it s

(t 2  t1 )2 (t 2  t1 ) 3 (2m ) 3 / 2
= 1 (t 2  t1 ) 0 =  equation is x  2y  2  0
2 4 4
1
t1 0 or x  2y  2  0
2

EXERCISE - 05 [A] JEE-[MAIN] : PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

1. x = a(1 + cos), y = asin 2. x = a(cos  +  sin ) & y = a(sin  –  cos )

dx dy dx
= a(–sin  + sin  +  cos ),
= –asin; = acos d
d d
dy
 dy  cos   dx  sin  = a(cos  – cos  +  sin )
 dx  =– slope of normal =–  = d
  sin   dy  cos 
dy sin 
sin   =
y – asin = (x – a – acos) dx cos 
cos 
cos 
ycos – asin cos = x(sin) – asin(1 + cos) slope of normal = – = – cot 
sin 
xsin – ycos = asin(1 + cos – cos)
clearly passes through (a, 0)
it makes angle  2    with the x-axis
 cos  4
eq of normal y – a sin  + a  cos  = – At, x = 2, y = 2 + = 3  y1 = 3
sin  4
(x – a cos  – a  sin )  point is (2, 3)
 x cos  + y sin  = a. equation of tangent is :
Hence it is at a constant distance 'a' from the origin. y – y 1 = 0(x – x 1 )
dy y = 3
3. Angle betweeen the tangents = 2x – 5
dx x

5. y  | t| dt
 dy   dy   0
 dx  = –1  dx  = 1  Angle =
(2, 0 ) (3, 0 ) 2 dy
 | x|  2  x = 2
4 dx
4. y = x + 2 2
x
If x = 2, y   t dt  2
dy 8 0
1 3
dx x 2

Equation of tangent is parallel to x-axis If x = –2, y   t dt   2

0
dy
 = 0 Tangents are (y – 2) = 2(x – 2) or
dx
(y + 2) = 2(x + 2)
8
 1– = 0  x3 = 8  x = 2 x intercepts = 1.
x3

EXERCISE - 05 [B] JEE-[ADVANCED] : PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

1. Slope of normal At y = – 2
1 3 dy –8 + 3x 2 = – 24
= – = tan  = 1
dy / dx 4 dx x 2 = negative
 f'(3) = 1 Not possible
2. 3y 2 y' + 6x = 12y' 4. Put x 1 = x + h & x 2 = x
| f(x + h) – f(x)| < h 2
2x = y'(4 – y 2 )
f(x  h)  f(x)
2x lim < hlim
h 0 h 0 h
y' = 2
(4  y )
For vertical tangent y = +2 |f'(x)| < 0
At y = 2 Possible only if f'(x) = 0
4 f(x) = c
8 + 3x 2 = 24 3x 2 = 16   x = + at point (1, 2) f(x) = 2
3
y = 2