LITHUANIAN MARITIME ACADEMY

APPROVED BY
Chairman of the Qualification Commission
_________________________
/11/2022

DOCUMENTATION OF THE FINAL QUALIFYING

EXAM

STUDY PROGRAMME MARINE NAVIGATION

State code 6531FX008

Study field
Branch of study field
Qualification awarded
Degree awarded
Duration of studies
Volume of studies
The form of studies
Marine Technology
Marine Navigation
Navigator / Ship master
Professional Bachelor of Technological Sciences
4 years
240 credits
Full-time

PREPARED BY

Head of the Marine Navigation Study Programme

_____________________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vytautas Dubra

11/05/2023

COORDINATED WITH

Deputy Director for Academic Affairs

_____________________ Rima Mickienė

__/__/2023

Klaipėda, 2023
 CONTENT

1. ACRONYMS / ABBREVIATIONS
3
2. LIST OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES TO BE AUDITED AND ASSESSED IN
THE STUDY PROGRAMME “MARINE NAVIGATION”
4
3. THE LINK BETWEEN THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY PROGRAMME MARINE
NAVIGATION AND THE STUDY SUBJECTS
6
4. THEORETICAL TASKS OF THE FINAL QUALIFICATION EXAMINATION OF THE
MARINE NAVIGATION STUDY PROGRAMME ACCORDING TO PROFESSIONAL
COMPETENCIES 1.1.1.-1.2.4.
7
4.1. Questions of the theoretical part of the final exam according to points 1.1.1.-1.1.5 of
professional competencies
7
4.2. Questions of the theoretical part of the final exam according to points 1.2.1.-1.2.4 of
professional competencies
8
5. THEORETICAL TASKS OF THE FINAL QUALIFICATION EXAMINATION OF THE
MARINE NAVIGATION STUDY PROGRAMME ACCORDING TO PROFESSIONAL
COMPETENCIES 1.2.5.-3.5
10
5.1. Questions of the theoretical part of the final exam according to points 1.2.5. -1.2.9 of
professional competencies
10
5.2. Questions of the theoretical part of the final exam according to points 3.1- 3.5 of Par 3
of professional competencies:
12
6. THEORETICAL TASKS OF THE FINAL QUALIFICATION EXAMINATION OF THE
MARINE NAVIGATION STUDY PROGRAMME ACCORDING TO PROFESSIONAL
COMPETENCIES 1.1.1.-1.2.7.
13
7. ORGANIZATION OF THE FINAL QUALIFICATION EXAMINATION OF THE
MARINE NAVIGATION STUDY PROGRAMME AND EVALUATION OF RESULTS
16

2
 1. ACRONYMS / ABBREVIATIONS

Acronyms / abbreviations of navigational parameters (Lithuanian one in the brackets):

CBB (AKP) - compass back bearing.
CC (KK) - compass course.
CB (KP) - compass bearing.
CA (KuK) – course angle.
MC (MK) - magnetic course.
MB (MP) - magnetic bearing.
TC (TK) - true course.
TB (TP) - true bearing.

Acronyms / abbreviations of names of legal acts and systems:

ARPA – automatic radar plotting aid.
BWM 2004 – International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments
2004.
COLREG – International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972, COLREG-72.
CSS Code – Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing, CSS Code.
ECDIS - Electronic Chart Display and Information System, ECDIS.
FAL – Convention of Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic 1965.
GALILEO - global navigation satellite system of the European Union.
GLONASS – satellite navigation system of the Russian Federation (Rus. Глобальная навигационная
спутниковая система, GLONASS).
GMDSS - Global Marine Distress and Safety System.
GPS - Global Positioning System.
ISM Code - International Safety Management Code.
IALA - Maritime Buoyage Systems and sea mark systems of the International Association of Marine Aids to
Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities.
IAMSAR - International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual.
ICS - International Code of Signals 1965.
LMA – Lithuanian Maritime Academy.
LL Convention - the International Convention on Load lines, 1966.
RL - Republic of Lithuania.
MARPOL 73/78 – International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the
Protocol of 1978 relating thereto, MARPOL 73/78.
MLC 2006 – Marine Labour Convention, 2006.
NAVSTAR - Navigation Satellite Time and Ranging system in the United States of America.
NAVTEX - navigational telex, a component of the Global Marine Distress and Safety System (GMDSS).
SOLAS 1974 – International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974.
STCW– International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers 1978.
(Lith. STCW kodeksas – Jūrininkų rengimo, atestavimo ir budėjimo kodeksas).
IMO - International Maritime Organization.
UNCLOS - United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982.
VTS - Vessel Traffic Service.
WHO - World Health Organization.

3
 2. LIST OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES TO BE AUDITED AND ASSESSED IN
THE STUDY PROGRAMME “MARINE NAVIGATION”

Objectives of the
Ser
program Learning outcomes of study programme
. Form of evaluation
(professional (acquired professional competencies)
No.
competency areas)
1. The area of activity: Ship navigation:
1.1. Voyage planning 1.1.1. Be able to use various sea charts, marine Theoretical tasks –
taking into account publications and other reference sources for orally; practical
restricted waters, navigation. tasks, case study –
meteorological 1.1.2. Be able to choose a vessel passage route demonstration of
conditions, ice, taking into account restricted waters, practical skills in
limited visibility, meteorological conditions, ice, limited visibility, multifunctional
maritime traffic maritime traffic separation schemes, tide-dominated navigation simulator.
separation schemes, areas.
tide-dominated areas. 1.1.3. Be able to correct nautical charts and
navigational publications in accordance with
established procedures.
1.1.4. Be able to calculate the daily high tide at any
point.
1.1.5. Be able to detect errors in magnetic and
gyroscopic compasses by correcting the course and
bearing of the ship.
1.2. Conduct of the 1.2.1. Be able to determine the position of the Theoretical tasks –
voyage by ensuring vessel using traditional and modern electronic orally; practical
the safety of persons, navigation equipment demonstrating accurate tasks, case study –
the ship and the knowledge of the principles and limitations of their demonstration of
protection of the operation. practical skills in
environment. 1.2.2. Be able to explain the causes of errors. multifunctional
1.2.3. Be able to identify misleading information navigation simulator.
and carry out the necessary corrective actions to
adjust it in order to determine the position of the
vessel accurately.
1.2.4. Be able to perform the duties of the lead
specialist / officer during watchkeeping, transfer
and taking over of the shift.
1.2.5. Be able to apply information directly related
to the safety of the ship and the persons on board
and to the protection of the marine environment.
1.2.6. Be able to adjust the navigation devices for
optimal operation.
1.2.7. Be able to explain procedures related to the
operation of the ship's steering equipment,
including switching from manual to automatic
steering mode and vice versa.
1.2.8. Be able to manage the ship and perform
manoeuvres in simple and difficult situations.
1.2.9. Be able to apply procedures to minimize any
risks to human safety and the functionality /
seaworthiness of the ship.
2. The area of activity - handling and loading of goods / cargo

4
 Objectives of the
Ser
program Learning outcomes of study programme
. Form of evaluation
(professional (acquired professional competencies)
No.
competency areas)
2.1. Ship loading 2.1. Apply international rules, norms, codes and Theoretical tasks –
operations recommendations relating to the carriage, loading orally; practical
and unloading of various goods / cargo. tasks, case study –
2.2. Be able to determine ship stability criteria. demonstration of
practical skills in
multifunctional
navigation simulator.
3. The area of activity - management of ship operations and supervision of people on board
3.1. Safe ship 3.1. Explain the actions of the crew in simple and Theoretical tasks –
management and special / emergency situations. orally; practical
supervision of people 3.2. Be able to identify and explain the components tasks, case study –
on board and assemblies of the ship’s structure and demonstration of
equipment, the operating principles and the essence practical skills in
of the ship stability assessment calculations. multifunctional
navigation simulator.
3.3. Apply measures aimed at ensuring the safety of Courses according to
human life at sea and environmental protection. STCW Convention
A-VI/1; certificate
issued
3.4. Be able to use rescue measures and other ship Courses according to
safety systems to ensure the safety of the crew and STCW A-VI/2-1; A-
passengers. VI/3; A-VI/4;
certificates issued
3.5. Be able to draw up an action plan for special / Courses according to
emergency situations, ship-to-ship and buoyancy STCW A-II/1,
schemes and a list of operations in an emergency A-II/2; certificates
situation. issued
4. Basic skills 4.1. Improvement of work skills by choosing the Theoretical tasks –
necessary literature independently and using it orally; practical
purposefully. tasks, case study –
4.2. Developing information collection and demonstration of
processing skills, as well as obtained data summary practical skills in
and analysis skills. multifunctional
4.3. Ability to express thoughts concisely and navigation simulator.
formulate conclusions clearly.
4.4. Demonstration of mathematical skills.

5
 3. THE LINK BETWEEN THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY PROGRAMME MARINE
NAVIGATION AND THE STUDY SUBJECTS

STUDY PROGRAMME OUTCOMES

Study program: Marine Navigation

Group Learning outcomes of study program

A. Knowledge and 1. To understand the basics of mathematics, natural sciences and information technologies,
understanding the properties of materials, explaining the basic concepts of marine technology and their
content.
B. Technological 2. To apply the basic and latest knowledge of marine technology and other sciences in solving
analysis the technological problems of ship handling, navigation, voyage planning, cargo
transportation by sea and shipping safety and technological problems of environmental
protection by combining theoretical and applied knowledge and taking into account the
complexity of the activities of the maritime transport sector.
C. Projection of the 3. To analyse navigation and piloting processes and procedures for the selection and use of
technologies technological equipment for the implementation of ship handling, navigation, cargo
transportation and maritime safety solutions and ensuring the safety of crew and passengers.
4. To apply design methodologies and procedures for the navigation and piloting processes
and procedures in accordance with International Maritime Organization and national
requirements for the navigation safety.
D. Research 5. To find the necessary professional information for voyage planning, port information,
cargo logistics and other specialized databases and other sources of information.
6. To apply the digital simulators and other information technologies in order to ensure the
safety and security of the ship's voyage, cargo handling and ship's crew and passengers and
their adaptation to real conditions.
E. Practical activity 7. To acquire working skills with ship's technological equipment by applying electronic
navigation simulators by simulation ship safety management procedures, evaluation the
experimental data, summarization and presentation of conclusions and solutions.
8. To perform navigation and piloting functions at the operational level and be familiar with
the STCW Management level requirements for this function.
9. To carry out loading and ensure the stability of the ship at the operational level and be
familiar with the STCW Management level requirements for this function.
10. To ensure control of the operation of the ship and take action to ensure the safety and
security of the ship's crew and passengers at the operational level and be familiar with the
management level requirements for this function.
11. To understand the safety and environmental protection requirements for work on ships,
the commercial circumstances of the shipping business, know the shipping business at the
level of technological activities, know and apply the principles of organization and safety.
F. Personal 12. To communicate and cooperate orally and in writing with domestic and foreign partners,
Competences the engineering and technology community in the preparation and implementation of
navigation and piloting technology projects, taking into account the management and business
aspects of maritime transport projects at the level of technological activities
13. By working independently and in a team, to acquire professional knowledge in the field of
professional activity, to realize responsibility for their performance and their impact on the
development of society, economy and culture, well-being and environment, to develop a
sustainable worldview, erudition, creativity, maritime mentality, values of internationalization
and lifelong learning contexts.

6
4. THEORETICAL TASKS OF THE FINAL QUALIFICATION EXAMINATION OF THE
MARINE NAVIGATION STUDY PROGRAMME ACCORDING TO PROFESSIONAL
COMPETENCIES 1.1.1.-1.2.4.

Areas of professional 1. Ship navigation:

activity: 1.1. Voyage planning taking into account restricted waters, meteorological
conditions, ice, limited visibility, maritime traffic separation schemes, tide-
dominated areas;
1.2. Conduct of the voyage by ensuring the safety of persons, the ship and
the protection of the environment.
Professional competencies: 1.1.1. Be able to use various nautical charts, marine publications and other
reference sources for navigation.
1.1.2. Be able to choose a vessel passage route taking into account
restricted waters, meteorological conditions, ice, limited visibility,
maritime traffic separation schemes, tide-dominated areas.
1.1.3. Be able to correct nautical charts and navigational publications in
accordance with established procedures.
1.1.4. Be able to calculate the daily high tide at any point.
1.1.5. Be able to detect errors in magnetic and gyroscopic compasses by
correcting the course and bearing of the ship.
1.2.1. Be able to determine the position of the vessel using traditional and
modern electronic navigation equipment demonstrating accurate
knowledge of the principles and limitations of their operation.
1.2.2. Be able to explain the causes of errors.
1.2.3. Be able to identify misleading information and carry out the
necessary corrective actions to adjust it in order to determine the position
of the vessel accurately.
1.2.4. Be able to perform the duties of the lead specialist / officer during
watchkeeping, transfer and taking over of the shift.
Study subjects: Navigation and Pilotage; Voyage Planning, Conduction and Position
Determination; Voyage Planning and Navigation; Navigational
Meteorology; Prediction of Oceanographic Conditions; Celestial
Navigation; Technical Means of Navigation; Technical Aids to Navigation.

4.1. Questions of the theoretical part of the final exam according to points 1.1.1.-1.1.5 of
professional competencies

1. Describe the Earth’s geographic coordinate system. Provide definitions of geographical coordinates
(latitude and longitude), their units and values. Explain how the differences in latitude and longitude are
assessed.
2. Evaluate the units of length and speed used in marine navigation – nautical mile, knot. Perform unit
conversion.
3. Explain the properties of loxodrome and orthodrome, their representation on the mercator and gnomonic
projection charts. Provide examples of the use of loxodrome and orthodrome in marine navigation.
4. Describe TC, TB and CA (TK, TP, Kuk) and the correlation between TC, TB and CA (TK, TP, Kuk).
Explain how to perform navigational calculations and how to apply them in practice.
5. Describe the classification of the nautical charts. Explain how the nautical charts are classified
according to their purpose and scale.
6. Describe the orthodrome, its properties. Explain the representation of the orthodrome on the Earth’s
spheroid, mercator and gnomonic projection charts.
7. Explain symbols, markings and abbreviations used in nautical charts.
8. Provide an analysis of the correction of nautical charts and publications, describe the types of Notices to
Mariners and their receiving methods on board ships.
9. Explain the graphical calculation of the path / passage of the ship in the presence of drift due to the
wind.
10. Explain the influence of current on the calculation of the path of the ship. Describe the vector triangle of
velocities, provide examples of practical calculations (direct and inverse tasks / problems).

7
11. Explain the calculation of the great circle sailing using the gnonomic projection charts.
12. Explain the graphical calculation of the path / passage of the ship in the presence of drift and current.
Provide examples of practical calculation (direct and reverse tasks / problems).
13. Describe chart and book catalogues. Explain the structure of the catalogues, their practical use and
correction in accordance with international requirements.
14. Explain the navigation route planning procedure referring to the sources of legal regulation.
15. Describe ship reporting systems and reporting principles.
16. Describe marine flooding. Explain the reasons for their occurrence and assess their impact on marine
navigation.
17. Explain flood tables, their content and structure. Explain the use and significance of these tables in
marine navigation.
18. Explain the determination of the time and height of the tides at the main points.
19. Explain the determination of the time and height of the tides at the additional points.
20. Explain what and how radar techniques should be used when navigating in limited visibility conditions.
21. Explain how the direction to the centre of the cyclone can be determined.
22. Provide definitions of the trade winds and the monsoons, describe their directions.
23. Explain what air masses are and how they are classified.
24. Describe what synoptical maps are and how to forecast weather using them.
25. Explain what signs indicate that the ship is approaching the ice waters.
26. Explain what types of ice exist and what safety measures must be taken when approaching the ice
waters.
27. Explain what causes icing on ships. Describe the hazaqrds caused by icing.
28. Define what the atmospheric fronts are. How they are classified and how they affect safe navigation.
29. Define what are cyclones and anticyclones.
30. Explain the stages of development of the frontal cyclone.
31. Explain what tropical cyclones are, how they are classified.
32. Explain the ways of avoiding the tropical cyclone.
33. Describe the causes of the formation of ocean currents.
34. Describe the causes of wave formation.
35. Explain the impact of atmospheric pressure and wind on the height of tides and how it is assessed.
36. Describe the principles of voyage planning taking into account hydrometeorological conditions.
37. Describe the methods of obtaining meteorological information and how to analyse and interpret the
information received.

4.2. Questions of the theoretical part of the final exam according to points 1.2.1.-1.2.4 of
professional competencies

1. Describe the radiolocation, its use in marine navigation, provide examples of its practical application.
2. Explain the calculation of the apparent horizon and distance to it. Provide examples of practical
application in marine navigation.
3. Explain the analysis of how to determine the position of the vessel according to the two reference
bearings. Assess the accuracy of the determination of position.
4. Explain how to calculate the distance of visibility of objects. Provide examples of practical application
in marine navigation.
5. Explain how to determine the position of the ship by bearing and distance. Give examples.
6. Define and explain Earth’s magnetism, its elements, magnetic declination, magnetic meridians,
equators, poles, isogons, magnetic anomalies.
7. Define magnetic declination and its annual change and explain how to calculate it. Describe MC, MB.
Evaluate the relationship between the true and magnetic directions.
8. Assess the magnetism of the ship and its influence on magnetic compass readings. Describe the
compass meridian, magnetic compass deviation, the deviation table, CC, CB, CBB. Explain the
relationship between compass and magnetic directions.
9. Explain the location of the vessel at radiolocation distances to point objects. Assess the accuracy of the
determination of position.
10. Describe the relationship between the true and the compass directions, evaluate the magnetic compass
error. Perform course and bearing correction using magnetic compass.
11. Describe the International Marine Marking System (International Association of Marine Aids to
Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities, IALA). Explain how to use lateral and cardinal marks.

8
12. Use the International Marine Marking System (International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation
and Lighthouse Authorities, IALA) in specific cases. What?
13. Describe and explain the conventional signs and markings of the charts.
14. Explain how to determine the position of the ship by radiolocation bearing and radar distance of the
object. Assess the accuracy of the determination of position.
15. Explain how to determine the speed of the ship. Describe lag error and lag coefficient, evaluate the
relationship between them.
16. Explain (without proof) the properties of the free gyroscope and its conversion by a device showing
direction.
17. Explain the methods used for determining the gyroscopic compass error. Evaluate the relationship
between the true and gyroscopic directions. Perform course and bearing correction using magnetic
compass.
18. Explain gyro compass speed, inertia and swing errors.
19. Explain the principle of operation of fibre-optic gyro compass. Advantages and disadvantages of fibre-
optic gyro compass.
20. Explain the values that characterise the Earth’s magnetic field. Explain why declination is not constant
and is different in all places of the Earth.
21. Explain the principle of magnetic compass operation in ships constructed from non-magnetic and
magnetic materials, and why the deviation of magnetic compass changes with the change of the course
of the ship and the latitude of navigation.
22. Explain why magnetic compass deviation should be eliminated. Explain the methods for determining
residual deviation and the creation of a deviation table.
23. Explain the origin and relative values of the forces that affect the ship’s magnetic compass. Draw a
polygon of magnetic forces.
24. Explain how semicircular and tilt deviation is eliminated by Kolong method.
25. Explain how semicircular and tilt deviation is eliminated by Eri method.
26. Explain how quartile deviation is eliminated.
27. Explain where the soft iron and permanent magnets for compensating MC deviation are installed in the
nightstand of the magnetic compass.
28. Explain the principles of adjustment and use of the autopilot of the ship.
29. Explain the basic functions of NAVTEX equipment and the principles of preparation for work.
30. Describe the types of radiolocators, the characteristics of the different radio waves and the proper
preparation of this equipment for work.
31. Describe the International Marine Marking System (International Association of Marine Aids to
Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities, IALA). Explain how to use safe waters, individual barriers and
special purpose signs.
32. Provide detailed information on ship reporting systems and vessel traffic control services (VTS).
33. Compare the operating principles of GPS (NAVSTAR, GALILEO and GLONASS). Provide analysis of
the accuracy of the observed area. Explain differential GPS variant, provide analysis.
34. Describe the conduct and control of the voyage during navigation.
35. Describe the main coordinate systems and coordinates used in celestial navigation.
36. Explain how the altitudes of the celestial bodies are determined and corrected.
37. Present the essential principles of determining the compass error by celestial methods.
38. Explain the essence of Marcq St. Hilaire (intercept) method, which allows to determine the parameters
of the astronomical position line of the ship.
39. Define the main arguments used to solve the celestial navigation tasks.
40. Describe the structure of the Nautical Almanac and the principles of its use.
41. Provide a definition of the astronomical position line of the ship and demonstrate the way it is drawn.
42. Define the relationship between circular, semicircular and quadrant azimuths.
43. Review the additional corrections necessary to calculate the altitude of Venus and Mars, the Greenwich
hourly angle and declination.
44. Explain how the latitude of the position and the compass error can be determined according to the
observations of Polaris.
45. Provide a description of the Aries Point. Explain how sidereal hour angle is determined.
46. Provide definitions of the ecliptic and zodiacal band.
47. Describe the essence of the determination of latitude based on the meridian height of the Sun.
48. Describe the criteria of accuracy of the position of the ship as determined by observations of the Sun
and stars.

9
 49. Explain how to use the means of identification of celestial lights.

5. THEORETICAL TASKS OF THE FINAL QUALIFICATION EXAMINATION OF THE

MARINE NAVIGATION STUDY PROGRAMME ACCORDING TO PROFESSIONAL
COMPETENCIES 1.2.5.-3.5.

Areas of professional 1. Ship navigation:

activity: 1.2. Conduct of the voyage by ensuring the safety of persons, the ship and
the protection of the environment.
2. Ship loading operations.
3. Safe ship management and supervision of people on board.
Professional competencies: 1.2.5. Be able to apply information directly related to the safety of the ship
and the persons on board and to the protection of the marine environment.
1.2.6. Be able to adjust the navigation devices for optimal operation.
1.2.7. Be able to explain procedures related to the operation of the ship’s
steering equipment, including switching from manual to automatic
steering mode and vice versa.
1.2.8. Be able to manage the ship and perform manoeuvres in simple and
difficult situations.
1.2.9. Be able to apply procedures to minimize any risks to human safety
and the functionality / seaworthiness of the ship.
2.1. Apply international rules, norms, codes and recommendations relating
to the carriage, loading and unloading of various goods / cargo.
2.2. Be able to determine ship stability criteria.
3.1. Explain the actions of the crew in simple and special / emergency
situations.
3.2. Be able to identify and explain the components and assemblies of the
ship’s structure and equipment, the operating principles and the essence of
the ship stability assessment calculations.
3.3. Apply measures aimed at ensuring the safety of human life at sea and
environmental protection.
3.4. Be able to use rescue measures and other ship safety systems to ensure
the safety of the crew and passengers.
3.5. Be able to draw up an action plan for special / emergency situations,
ship-to-ship and buoyancy schemes and a list of operations in an
emergency situation.
Study subjects: Ship Equipment; Ship Construction; Ship Theory; Ship Handling and
Manoeuvring; Ship’s Handling in Various Conditions; Ship Handling and
Manoeuvring in Difficult Conditions; Maritime Law; Maritime Freight
Technology.

5.1. Questions of the theoretical part of the final exam according to points 1.2.5. -1.2.9 of
professional competencies

1. Describe the forces created by the propeller and explain their effect on the ship in forward motion.
2. Describe the forces created by the propeller and explain their effect on the ship in backward motion.
3. Describe the forces created by a variable-pitch propeller and explain their effect on a ship in backward
motion.
4. Describe and explain the mooring of the ship at the berth in various conditions.
5. Describe and explain the departure from the quay in various conditions.
6. Explain the ship’s circulation, assess the effect of shallows on the manoeuvrability of the ship.
7. Describe and explain the duties of the watchkeeping master / navigator.
8. Describe the components of anchoring equipment and explain their maintenance procedures.
9. Describe the components of the mooring equipment and explain their maintenance procedures.
10. Explain the procedure of acceptance of a pilot.
11. Describe the components of steering equipment and explain their maintenance requirements.

10
12. Describe the limits of the state’s executive jurisdiction in respect of ships flying the flag of a foreign state
in its inland waters, in the territorial sea, in the high seas in accordance with the requirements of the
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
13. Explain what ships, when and under what conditions exercise the “right of peaceful passage” enshrined in
the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
14. Explain what ships, when and under what conditions use the “transit regime” enshrined in the United
Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
15. Describe the components of handling equipment and provide an analysis of their maintenance.
16. Describe the components of ballast and drainage systems.
17. List the international criteria for ship stability and explain how to apply them.
18. Introduce to the content and objectives of the Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing
(CSS Code).
19. Explain the requirements to the ship stowage plan.
20. Describe the rules and requirements for loading bulk cargo and the means to avoid cargo displacement.
21. Explain how to calculate the transverse height of the metacentre and what data is needed for this.
22. Explain the influence of the moments of inertia of free liquid surfaces on the stability of the ship.
23. Analyse the stability of the vessel at low-angle tilt (initial-transverse stability).
24. Evaluate the stability of the ship at large angles of heel.
25. Evaluate the stability of the ship at large angles of heel.
26. Explain the classification of dangerous goods into classes and subclasses and their labelling.
27. Define the forces that affect the floating ship and how the balance of the ship can be achieved.
28. Explain what information can be determined from static and dynamic stability diagrams.
29. Describe the components of ventilation systems and provide an analysis of their maintenance.
30. Describe and explain the peculiarities of preparation of the cargo holds and hatch covers for cargo
transportation.
31. Explain what is regulated by the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’
Ballast Water and Sediments 2004 (BWM 2004). Define which ships are bound by the said Convention
and which ships are not covered by it. Explain the standards of ballast water management and their
validity.
32. Describe the fundamental rights and obligations of the state under the United Nations Convention on the
Law of the Sea, 1982 (UNCLOS) in respect of vessels flying its flag.
33. Explain which documents may be required by the authorities when ships are arriving at the ports in
accordance with the provisions of Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic, 1965
(FAL) (under normal situation in the country).
34. Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic, 1965, (FAL) allows the contracting states,
where appropriate, to establish temporary restrictions on the application of the requirements of the
convention. Indicate in what circumstances / for what reasons such restrictions may be applied.
35. Which of the declarations specified in the Convention on the Facilitation of International Maritime
Traffic, 1965, (FAL) should be considered the main document for the arrival and departure of the ship.
What data must be included in this declaration and who can sign it?
36. Explain what conditions are applied to a ship willing to go on an international voyage according to the
provisions of the International Convention on Load Lines, 1966 (LL Convention).
37. According to the provisions of the International Convention on Load Lines, 1966 (LL Convention) a ship,
to which the said Convention applies, in the port of another contracting state to the Convention, may be
inspected by competent officials of that state. Explain the extent to which the inspection is limited if the
vessel has a valid load line certificate.
38. Explain what actions must be taken by port state control officials in accordance with the International
Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as amended, (MARPOL 73/78) if it is
determined that a foreign ship does not comply with the requirements of MARPOL 73/78.
39. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as amended, (MARPOL
73/78) provides for three cases (circumstances), when a ship is released from responsibility for the
pollution caused. Please list these cases (circumstances).
40. In 1982, 27 countries signed the Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control and ship
inspection in their ports. Specify the main objectives of the said Memorandum.
41. The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, (SOLAS 1974) allows for application of
exemptions/exceptions to some ships by the contracting States (not to apply SOLAS). Give examples of
such exceptions.

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42. The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, (SOLAS 1974) sets out certain
requirements for the maintenance of the condition of the ship after inspection. What actions should be
taken by the master in the event of an accident or any defect that could affect the safety of the ship?
43. Explain the right of hot pursuit enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982,
(UNCLOS). What requirements are set out in the Convention for the exercise of this right?
44. The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, (MLC 2006) provides that the employment contract must be
signed between the seafarer and the shipowner. Explain what is considered a “seafarer” and what is a
“shipowner” in the context of the MLC Convention.
45. The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, (MLC 2006) allows States to choose to regulate maximum
working hours or minimum rest periods. Indicate the allowable limits of these periods.
46. The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, (MLC 2006) establishes the right of seafarers to be repatriated,
when appropriate. Proper repatriation of seafarers is primarily the responsibility and duty of the
shipowner. Who shall ensure repatriation of seafarers if the shipowner fails to fulfil his duties?
47. The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, (MLC 2006) prohibits seafarers’ recruitment and hiring services
from charging seafarers any direct or indirect fees associated with their employment, except for ...
Indicate what seafarers seeking employment on board may be required to pay for lawfully.
48. Please indicate which documents the ship is required to provide to port State control officers in
accordance with the requirements of the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, (MLC 2006).
49. Explain which documents, according to the International Health Regulations of the World Health
Organization (WHO), the ship’s master must submit to the competent port authorities before the ship
arrives at the first port of call.
50. The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers,
1978, (STCW) defines the competence and skills of the management of the crew. Indicate the main
functions on board that should meet the said requirements.

5.2. Questions of the theoretical part of the final exam according to points 3.1- 3.5 of Par 3 of
professional competencies:

1. Explain the procedure for anchoring a ship with a single anchor in different conditions.
2. Explain the procedure for anchoring the ship with two anchors in different conditions.
3. Describe and explain other uses of an anchor.
4. Explain the ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore interaction.
5. Describe and explain various ways of running a ship off the ground (shallow).
6. Describe and explain the towing procedure of the vessel.
7. Explain the principles of ship handling during the storm.
8. Explain the principles of ship handling when navigating in ice waters.
9. Describe and explain the search and rescue procedure. Explain what convention regulates search and
rescue procedures.
10. Describe the components of a fire safety system and provide an analysis of their maintenance.
11. Explain how to use the International Code of Signals (ICS 65).
12. List and explain the objectives and requirements of the International Safety Management Code (ISM
Code).
13. List the checks of the safe management system, explain the evaluation procedures and responsibility for
non-compliance with the established requirements.
14. List the documents that ships are required to hold under the International Safety Management Code,
explain the procedures for issuing these documents and their validity terms.
15. List and explain the objectives and requirements set out in the International Ship and Port Facility
Security Code (ISPS Code).
16. Apply the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG-72) in specific cases.
17. In the event of a collision at sea, the crews of both ships are guilty. In accordance with provisions of the
Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972, (COLREG-72),
explain why the fault for the collision lies with both the parties and what the degree of fault depends on.
18. Apply the International Code of Signals (ICS 65) in specific cases.
19. Explain the difference between inspections carried out by competent authorities of the Flag States of the
vessel and Port State of the vessel.
20. Explain what the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual (IAMSAR) is
needed for and how to use it.

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6. THEORETICAL TASKS OF THE FINAL QUALIFICATION EXAMINATION OF THE
MARINE NAVIGATION STUDY PROGRAMME ACCORDING TO PROFESSIONAL
COMPETENCIES 1.1.1.-1.2.7.

Areas of 1. Ship navigation:

professional 1.1. Voyage planning taking into account restricted waters, meteorological
activity: conditions, ice, limited visibility, maritime traffic separation schemes, tide-
dominated areas;
1.2. Conduct of the voyage by ensuring the safety of persons, the ship and the
protection of the environment.
Professional 1.1.1. Be able to use various sea charts, marine publications and other reference
competencies: sources for navigation.
1.1.2. Be able to choose a vessel passage route taking into account restricted waters,
meteorological conditions, ice, limited visibility, maritime traffic separation
schemes, tide-dominated areas.
1.1.3. Be able to correct nautical charts and navigational publications in accordance
with established procedures.
1.1.4. Be able to calculate the daily highest tide and lowest ebb at any point.
1.1.5. Be able to detect errors in magnetic and gyroscopic compasses by correcting
the course and bearing of the ship.
1.2.1. Be able to determine the position of the vessel using traditional and modern
electronic navigation equipment demonstrating accurate knowledge of the
principles and limitations of their operation.
1.2.2. Be able to explain the causes of errors.
1.2.3. Be able to identify misleading information and carry out the necessary
corrective actions to adjust it in order to determine the position of the vessel
accurately.
1.2.4. Be able to perform the duties of the lead specialist / officer during
watchkeeping, transfer and taking over of the shift.
1.2.5. Be able to adjust the navigation devices for optimal operation.
1.2.6. Be able to explain procedures related to the operation of the ship’s steering
equipment, including switching from manual to automatic steering mode and vice
versa.
1.2.7. Be able to manage the ship and perform manoeuvres in simple and difficult
situations.
Study subjects: Ship’s Handling and Manoeuvring; Ship’s Handling in Emergency Situations;
Ship’s Handling in Various Conditions; Ship’s Handling and Manoeuvring in
Difficult Conditions; Navigation and Position Determination; Passage Planning,
Conduction and Position Determination; Passage Planning and Navigation; Ship’s
Safety Management System (SMS).
One continuous complex practical task has been developed for the testing and assessment of
competences, which includes the above professional competencies and allows the student to demonstrate
his/her ability to combine knowledge of different fields and to fully assess the practical task and situations
presented. Competence testing is carried out using a multi-functional navigation simulator. The task is
performed and evaluated individually.
Task: navigation by the given route:
1. Plan a voyage individually:
1.1. select sea charts, manuals and yearbooks for the intended voyage, make necessary
corrections;
1.2. choose the most appropriate and cost-efficient route of the ship and the method of
calculation of the path of the ship taking into account all conditions of passage;
1.3. perform prior analytical and graphical calculation of the path of the vessel for the intended
voyage.
2. Determine the location of the vessel by various methods.
3. Handle a ship under various conditions, in different situations and circumstances.
4. Select the anchorage location.

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EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE QUALIFICATION EXAM PRACTICAL
TASK

The evaluation criteria for the performance of the navigation practical task are applied to the
performance of practical tasks in the Navigation simulator and to the graphic representation of the ship's path
on the paper chart.

Evaluation Criteria:
 proper adjustment of the radar (X-band, noise, gain, tune, clutter adjustment, N-up, relative motion;
 ARPA trail manoeuvre calculation - no earlier than three minutes after target acquisition fixation and
stable movement;
 execution of the manoeuvre - no earlier than five minutes after the target has been fixed;
 periodicity of determining the position of the ship - every fifteen minutes and at each turning point of
the route;
 determination of the ship's position using shore landmarks and navigation marks at least once;
 the closest distance when passing parallel courses, CPA= 0.5 NM;
 the closest distance in the situation of intersecting courses, BCR=1.0 NM (good visibility/ 1.5 NM
(fog). Also, on the beam of the ship from the left and from the starboard side;
 arrival time error, ∆ETA=±10 min.;
 correct assessment of magnetic variation and deviation, calculating the ship's course and bearing;
 correct assessment of the gyrocompass error when calculating the ship's course and bearing;
 control of the ship's position using parallel indexing lines or control bearing and distance;
 course plotting accuracy error <1°;
 making a turn, as accurately as possible the turning point of the route, error <0.2 NM;
 drawing up and checking the route according to the condition of the task and evaluating the
manoeuvrability;
 making corrections on the chart according to the condition of the assignment;
 creation and activation of the navigation schedule according to the task condition (ECDIS);
 control of the estimated position of the ship;
 selection of the most acceptable method of secondary positioning of the ship,
 determination of safety control parameters (ECDIS, navigation equipment);
 is unable to properly use the navigation equipment to solve the navigational situation.

Weights of evaluation criteria:

1. Determining the ship's position and coordinates 30%.
2. Determining the ship's course or calculating the track 30%.
3. Estimation of current and wind 20%.
4. Determination/calculation of the dead reckoning position 20%.
5. Computer evaluation - (positive computer evaluation >50%, if the computer evaluation is negative,
then the examiner or teacher evaluates the practical work negatively.

Critical errors - negative assessment (the completed work is not counted):

1. Graphic plotting of the ship's path on the chart has not been completed.
2. Untimely calculation of the ship's path and display on the chart, with a delay of more than one
position.
3. Event registration in the logbook is incomplete and the sequence of events cannot be reconstructed
based on the information provided.
4. Registration of the sequence of events in the logbook does not correspond to the sequence of events
or is incorrect and does not match the graphic plotting on the chart.
5. Gross violation of COLREG rules.
6. Creation of an emergency/critical situation.
7. Collision with vessel or navigational mark.
8. Running aground.
9. The closest passing distance in the situation of crossing courses <0.2 NM.
10. Incorrectly/wrongly plotted coordinates, error >0.2 NM.
11. Wrongly determined or plotted coordinates ≥2 units.

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 12. Failed to explain the navigational situation or described it wrongly – wrong perception of the
situation.
13. Failure to provide a ship logbook with data and calculations of the sailing history.
14. Incorrect or wrong calculation of the ship's course.
15. Wrong passage of navigational marks.
16. Incorrectly, illegibly and/or wrongly completed logbook.
17. The sailing route has not been created, checked or activated.
18. No chart correction according to the provisions of the task.

Reduction of evaluation score:

1. The ship's position is determined only by GNSS: - 2 points.
2. The position of the ship according to the landmarks is determined without estimating or incorrectly
estimating the compass error: -1 point for each.
3. Incorrectly determined or delayed coordinates: -1 point for each.
4. Wrongly plotted course: -1 point for each.
5. Incorrectly calculated distance travelled (calculated estimated position of the ship): -1 point for
each.
6. Current and wind were wrongly taken into account: -1 point for each.
7. Inappropriate position representation symbols are used: - 1 point.
8. Untidy graphic representation chartwork: -1 point.
9. Ship's logbook filled out in a disorderly manner: -1 point.
10. Exceeded arrival time (∆ETA) ±10 min error with ±5 min interval: -1 point.
11. Uncontrolled sailing according to the schedule: - 1 point,
12. Course calculation/ plotting error >1°: -1 point for each.
13. Error of calculated position >0.1 NM: -1 point for each.
14. Incorrect assessment of current and wind: -1 point for each.
15. Deviation from the route >2 NM: -1 point.
16. Sailing without judging navigational obstacles: -2 points for each.
17. Deviation from the route by making a turn to another waypoint of the route >0.2 NM: -1 point.
18. Incorrect radar settings: -1 point.
19. Unselected or uncontrolled method of secondary positioning of the ship: -1 point.
20. Unspecified safety control parameters (ECDIS, navigation aids): -1 point.
21. Use of AIS target data on radar when passing ships: -1 point.
22. Failure to properly evaluate drift data in ECDIS when determining ship's course: -0.5 points.
23. Failing to correctly determine the ship's course in ECDIS while proceeding to the turning point of
the route: -0.5 points.
24. Failure to control the ship's dead reckoning position: -1 point.

Computer Electronic Assessment (TEAS) Criteria:

1. Approach (CPA/TCPA) <0.5 NM and <10 min=-10%. If you do nothing, the error is repeated every
5 minutes.
2. Critical approach (Critical CPA/TCPA) <0.2 NM and <5 min=-20%. If you do nothing, the error is
repeated every 1 minute.
3. Emergency approach (Emergency CPA/TCPA) <0.1 NM and <2 min=-40%. Doing nothing repeats
the mistake.
4. Sailing in the Vessel Traffic Separation Zone (TSS) =-5%.
5. Deviation from the route - minimum, depends on restrictions in the area, maximum >2 NM = -5%.
6. Collision =-55% (the task is stopped; not completed).
7. Grounding = -55% (task stopped; not completed).
8. Navigation lights not turned =-5%.
9. Fog signals not activated in restricted visibility -5%.
10. "Ship Aground" lights not turned on = -5%.
11. Not activated fog signal "ship aground"=-5%.
12. Not displayed daily shapes "ship aground" = -5%.
13. Low speed, <5 knots=5%.
14. Incorrect (not perpendicular) crossing course of the vessel traffic separation system ±10°=-5%.
15. Entering the area that must be avoided (No pass area) = -10%
16. Entering or sailing in the Inshore Traffic Zone = -10%

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 17. Violation of the safety zone of the lighthouse in the water or the platform <0.3 NM=-5%
18. Big manoeuvre >70°=-5%
19. Excessive manoeuvres >90º=-10%
7. ORGANIZATION OF THE FINAL QUALIFICATION EXAMINATION OF THE
MARINE NAVIGATION STUDY PROGRAMME AND EVALUATION OF RESULTS

The final qualification examination is organized according to the description of the procedure for
organizing and conducting the final qualification examinations of the Lithuanian Maritime Academy
(hereinafter - ‘LMA’), which stipulates that exam can be taken by advanced students of the Marine
Navigation study programme who have completed the study programme and who have accumulated at least
2/3 of the seagoing work experience required to obtain the first maritime degree diploma during their studies,
or whose seagoing practice has been credited according to LMA study results crediting procedure.
The final assessment of the study results is organized in order to create conditions and provide the
student with the opportunity to prove that he has achieved the intended learning outcomes of the study
programme and acquired the professional competencies provided for in the study programme, and to
determine whether he can be granted a professional qualification.
The final qualification examination of the students of group 19-LU-4 of the full-time studies is carried
out according to the final qualification examinations schedule approved by the order of the LMA Director.
The qualification commission formed by the order of LMA Director run the exam.
The final qualification exam consists of 2 parts that are implemented in the following order: the first
part of the exam is theoretical; the second part of the exam is practical. Both parts of the exam are
implemented in direct contact between the examination commission and students. The exam is carried out
for 2 days: on the first day the students take the theoretical part; on the second day the students do the
practical tasks. The assessments/grades of the theoretical part of the exam are announced by sending
notifications to students by e-mail.
During the exam, knowledge from three main areas of activity is checked, i.e., ship handling, cargo
handling and stowage, ship operation management and taking care of people on board. During the
qualification examination, students have the opportunity to demonstrate acquired professional competencies
from all professional activities covered by the study programme, which are presented in the list of
professional competencies to be examined and evaluated. The practical task is performed in a multifunctional
navigation simulator.
The results of the final qualification exam are scored on a ten-point scale: passing score – from 5 to
10, failing score – from 1 to 4.
The results of the final qualification examination are evaluated by each member of the commission
individually, determining the levels of achievement of the learning outcomes and professional competencies
in accordance with the following evaluation criteria:
 Excellent level of achievement (scores 10-9). Understanding of Marine Technology study field and
related practical skills are comprehensive and exceed the information provided during the studies. The
analysis and discussion of the results of the work reveal original thinking and excellent knowledge of marine
technology activities. Knowledge and practical skills are quickly adapted to a new situation where any
unforeseen and uncertain technological problems have to be addressed. The usual calculations,
interpretations and analyses are carried out quickly, smoothly and accurately. New technological knowledge
is gained quickly and with confidence. Excellent general skills and well-developed ability to manage the
agenda. Upon completion of studies at this level, graduates can continue an academic career. Having gained
professional experience, the graduate becomes an excellent practitioner. Career prospects are related to the
management of marine technology and significant managerial responsibility. A rapid progress to the higher
level executor positions can be expected;
 Standard level of achievement (scores 8-7). Understanding of the study field of marine technology
and practical skills are good, but basically limited to what has been presented during the studies. Graduate
may need assistance at the beginning of the career. Graduate understands what knowledge and abilities can
be applied to a new operational situation. Graduate can quickly choose appropriate solution methods. Can

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acquire new knowledge easily. The usual actions for the preparation and management of marine technology
are carried out accurately. Excellent general skills and well-developed ability to manage the agenda. Having
gained professional experience, the graduate becomes an excellent practitioner. Career prospects include
maritime technology management, managerial responsibility and career growth can be expected to be
achieved in higher-level executive positions;
 Threshold level of achievement (scores 6-5). Understanding of the study field of marine technology
and practical skills are basic. The graduate understands what general knowledge can be applied in a new
operational situation, but he / she may lack confidence and knowledge on how to apply it in practice. Can
perform normal technological activities but may require assistance and control. A graduate at this level will
be fit for technical or general management (assistant) positions. Having gained relevant professional
experience can become a good practitioner in the field of marine technology, where knowledge and
understanding of typical marine technologies are essential, but fundamental knowledge does not need to be
applied regularly.
The final score of the final qualification examination shall be determined by consensus or by vote of
the members at the meeting of the commission. Each competence shall be assessed by scoring (on a ten-point
scale) using the coefficient of assessment of the demonstration of the level of competence in a theoretical or
practical form on a case-by-case basis.
The final assessment of the final qualification exam consists of the sum of the weighted assessments of
the theoretical and practical part. The weighted assessment is equal to the scores of the assessment of the
competences shown in each part of the examination multiplied by the passing weighted average of that part.
Passing weighted averages are determined taking into account the importance of the form of demonstration
of the achievement of professional competence. The following coefficients are to be determined:
 passing weighted average of the achievement of the theoretical part: 0.55.
 passing weighted average of the achievement of the practical part: 0.45.
The examination is passed if the professional competencies demonstrated by the student in the
theoretical and practical part are not lower than the threshold level. A student, whose professional
competencies demonstrated in the theoretical or practical part of the final qualification exam have been
evaluated by scores 1-4, did not reach the threshold level, so such student is considered to have failed in the
exam. If the student fails in the theoretical part of the exam, he cannot take the practical part of it.
The qualification commission meeting must be minuted.
The following documents shall be submitted to the qualification commission meeting:
 Order of the LMA director on the permission to take the final examination;
 Order of the LMA director on the composition of the qualification commission;
 The syllabus / plan of the Marine Navigation Study Programme;
 the tasks of the examination are drawn up in accordance with the documentation of the final
qualification examination approved by the chairman of the qualification commission;
 documentation of the final qualification examination;
 Summary of students’ assessments / grades of modules/subjects received during studies.
The final evaluation of each student’s final qualification exam is recorded in the minutes of the
meeting of the qualification commission. If the student passes the final qualification examination, the
professional qualification awarded to such student shall be recorded in the minutes. The minutes of the
meeting of the qualification commission shall be signed by all its members.
The intermediate and final results of the examination are published in the electronic study
administration system EDINA every day following the end of the meeting of the qualification committee.
Final results of the examination are published at the end of the second day of exam (after the practical part of
the exam), taking into account the above criteria and passing weighted averages.

Head of the Marine Navigation Study Programme

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vytautas Dubra

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