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Charitha Dissanayake
B.Sc.Engineering (Hon's)

wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% ^Wiia fm<& úNd.h" 2023 ^2024 ckjdrs&
General Certificate of Education (Adv. Level) Examination, 2023 (January 2024)
nyqjrK W;a;r m;%h
MCQ Answer Sheet
Fast Track - 08 MARKING SCHEME

(1)
01.my; oS we;s m%ldY w;=ßka wi;H m%ldYh jkafka" CHO
(1) i;H fõ' 03. H _ C C CH2 C _ CH2CH 2CH2CH 3
_ _
(5) (4) (3) (2)
,hs u dka - mdrcïnq, OH
ndu¾ - w¾Oj oDIH $ oDIH 2-butyl-2-hydroxy-4-pentynal
mdIka - wfOdarla; fyda
n%elÜ yd *kaâ - wfOdarla; 2-butyl-2-hydroxypent-4-ynal
(2) i;H fõ'
ms<s;=r -3

bf,lafg%dak
f¾Ldj j¾Kh 04.N2O4 ujq, Nd.h x f,i .ksuq' túg NO2 ujq, Nd.h (1-x) fõ'
ixl%uKh
H 3 2 r;= oDYH idfmalaI wKql ialkaOh = MNO2  XNO2 + MN2O4  XN2O4

H 4 2 ks,-a fld< 60 = 46(1-x) + 92x

H 5 2 ks,a 60 = 46 - 46x+ 92x

H 6 2 oï x =
14
46
7
=
(3) i;Hhs' 23
ms<s;=r -1
bf,lafg%dak
e 05.(1) i;H fõ'
e
Ok wdfrdams; fm%dafgdak (2) i;H fõ'
+
iys; kHIaáh (3) wi;H fõ' fuys§ m%;súreoaO ÈYdjg wm.ukh Wjo iudk
fldaKj,ska wm.ukh fkdfõ' ys ialkaOh wvq neúka
(4) wi;H fõ' bf,lafg%dak Yla;sh uqod yßkafka Yla;sh jeä tys wm.uk fldaKh g jvd jeä fõ'
Yla ; s uÜgul is g Yla ; s h wvq Yla ; s uÜgulg (4) i;H fõ'
ixl%uKfha§ muKs' (5) i;H fõ'
(5) i;Hhs' ms<s;=r -3
ms<s;=r -4

02.my; m%ldYh w;=ßka wi;H fjkafka" 06. fuys WIaK;ajh jeälrk úg G w.h (+) isg (-) olajd
(1) m% ldYh i;H fõ' m<uq whkS lrK Yla ;s m% i a :drh wvqùfuka meyeÈ,s jkafka G = H - TS g wkqj H(+)
Ndú;fhka fuh ksjerÈ nj jgyd.; yel'
jk nj;a S(+) jk nj;a fõ'
(2) wi;H fõ' Cl yd S ys wrhhka B g jvd jeä fõ' ta wkqj
mrudKql wrfha yd ksjerÈ úp,kh" wvq WIaK;aj j,§ H > TS jk neúka G(+) fõ'
F < O < B < Cl < S wdldrhg fõ' WIaK;ajh jeä lrk úg TS jeäjk neúka jeä WIaK;aj
(3) m%ldYh i;H fõ' ´kEu uQ,øjHl wkqhd; whkSlrK
j,§ H < TS ù G w.h (-) fõ'
Yla;Ska ms<sfj,ska jeä fõ'
(4) m%ldYh i;H fõ' Mg ys mj;sk ia:dhS ns2 úkHdih ms<s;=r -1
fya;=fjka fuys bf,lafg%daK ,nd .ekSfï Yla;h
s (+) fõ'
(5) m%ldYh i;H fõ'
ms<s;=r -2

pß; Èidkdhl B.Sc. Engineering (Hon's)

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07.(1) i;H fõ' ùfï yelshdj jeä ù wdï,sl;djh jeä fõ'
(2) i;H fõ' N mrudKqj C g jvd l=vd neúka C2 - N nkaOkh ta wkqj .;al<"
C1 - C2 nkaOkhg jvd l=vd fõ'
(3) i;H fõ' C2 yd N3 jgd yevh fukau bf,lafg%dak hq.,
cHdñ;sho ;,Sh ;%sfldaKdldr fõ'
(4) wi;H fõ' C2 yd N3 ys TZlrK wxl ms<f
s j,ska +3 yd +3 fõ'
(5) i;H fõ' tu wfkla ¨úia jHQyh my; mßÈ fõ' >>

H O O
_ ms<s;=r - 4
H C_C_N O
_
+
H
10.wdrïNl NaHCO3 ujq, .Kk x o Na2CO3 ujq, .Kk y o
ms<s;=r -4
hehs .ksuq'
2NaHCO3(s)  Na2CO 3(s) H2O(l) CO2(g)
08.2X2(g) + Y2(g) 2X2Y(g)

112 x 10-3dm 3
KC = msg jQ CO2 ujq, .Kk =
22.4dm3mol-1
x/2 = 5  10-3mol
1
X2Y(g) X2 + Y x = 10  10-3mol
2 2(g)
1 Na2CO3(s) BaCl2(aq) BaCO3(s) 2NaCl(aq)
2
1
K C
=

wjlafIam jQ BaCO3(s) ujq,"

1 = 1
2
=
2
y +x/ 2 = 0.02mol
1 2 = = KC
y = (2010-3 - 5  10-3)mol
= KC = 15  10-3mol
1 2
NaHCO3 : Na2CO3 = x : y

(KC1 )2 =
= 10  10-3mol : 15  10-3mol
=2:3
1
K C
= = ms<s;=r -3

ms<s;=r -1
11. wdrïNfha § N2(g) g" PV = nRT

09.*Sfkda,a weks,k
S g
a jvd wdï,sl fõ' O-H nkaOkfha O%eùh;djh n1 = 

N-H nkaOkhg jvd jeä neúkao O u; iDK wdfrdamK mej;Su wdrïNfha§ H2(g) g" PV = nRT
jvd ia:dhS neúka o *Sfkda,a j,ska H+ msgùu weks,Ska j,ska H+
n2 = 
msgùug jvd myiq fõ'
khsfg%da*Sfkda,a ie,l+ úg ´f;da khsfg%d*Sfkda,a ys§ -NO2 wjidk moaO;shg" PV = nRT
ldKavh -OH ldKavh iu`. wka;(wKql wdl¾IK n, we;s n1 + n2 = RT
lr.kakd neúka H+ bj;a ùu wmyiq fõ' tuksid ´f;da
+ =
khsfg%da*Sfkda,a j, wdï,sl;djh wvq fõ'
4atm + 6 atm = 2P
P = 5atm
H O wka;(wKql
O- H nkaOk ms<;
s =r - 3
N
+
O 12. H2O(l) + HA(aq)    H3O+(aq) + A-(aq)
C
>>
C11
C1(1-1 ) C11 C11
-NO2 ldKavh bf,lafg%daK wdl¾Ilhla neúka -NO2 iïnkaO c,Sh udOHfha HA ys wdrïNl idkaøKh C1 f,i .;fyd;a
jQ úg weks,Ska ys N-H nkaOkfha O%eùlrKh jeä ù H+ ksoyia

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
[H 3 O (aq) -
][A (aq) ] Fe(OH)2 fõ' ñka Fe(OH)2 jd;h yuqfõ Fe(OH)3 r;= ÿUqre
Ka = [HA (aq) ] meye ixfhda.h njg TZlrKh fõ' X hkq FeS úh hq;=h'
túg Q jdhqj H2S fõ'

[H 3 O (aq) ]2
Ka = [HA (aq) ] ms<;
s =r -4

pH = 3
pH = -log10[H3O+(aq)] 14. (1) wi;H fõ' tys N+ñ wjia:dfõ§ úhq.au d bf,lafg%dak
[H3O (aq)] = 1×10-3 moldm-3
+

fkdmej;sho tys ia:dhSu +2 TZlrK wjia:dfõ§ úhq.au

1-   (1>>> 1 neúka)
d bf,lafg%dak mj;S' tuksid Cu wdka;ßl fõ'
(1 10 3 moldm3 )2
[HA(aq)] = (2) wi;H fõ' fuys§ NO2 fkdj NO jdhqj msg fõ'
1 10 6 moldm3
= 1 moldm-3 3Cu(s) + ;kql 8HNO3(aq) 3Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2NO(g) + 4H2O(l)
 c,Sh udOHfha ú>gk fkdjQ HA ys idkaøKh"
(3) i;H fõ' Cu2+ c,Sh ødjKhla ;=<ska H2S nqnq,kh l< úg
-3
= 1moldm
l¿ meye;s CuS wjlafIamh we;s fõ' tu`.ska nqnq,kh l<
pH = 3.5
pH = -log10[H3O+(aq)] jdhqj H2S nj y`ÿkd.; yel'
[H3O+(aq)] = -antilog 3.5
= 3.162×10-4 moldm-3 (4) wi;H fõ' fuys§ ,efnk wjlafIamh iqÿ meye fõ' flfia
ldnksl l,dmfha HA ys wdrïNl idkaøKh C2 f,i kuq;a I2 u`.ska ødjKh ÿUqre meye lrjk ksid wjlafIamh
.;fyd;a" w`ÿre iqÿ meyefhka Èia fõ'
HA(org)  H+(org) + A-(org) 2Cu2+ + 4I-(aq)2CuI(s) + I2(aq)
(aq)
C2 w`ÿre iqÿ
C22
C2(1-2 ) C22 C22 (5) wi;H fõ' jeämqr NH3 yuqfõ Cu2+ idok [Cu(NH3)4]2+
 
[H(org) ][A (org) ] fukau [Ni(NH3)6]2+ ixlS¾K folu ;o ks,a meye fõ'
Ka = [HA (org) ] ms<;
s =r -3
_

[H(org) ]2 15.CH3COO Na+(aq) ujq, .Kk x mol hehs .ksuq'
Ka =
[HA (org) ]
tlal< HCl mol = 0.2 moldm-3 × 50 × 10-3dm3
(3.162  10 4 moldm3 )2 = 10×10-3 mol
[HA(org)] =
(1 106 moldm3 ) _
CH3COO Na+(aq) + HCl(aq) CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l)
= 9.99×10-2 moldm-3
wdrï' x/2 10×10-3
ldnksl ia:rfha ú>gkh fkdjQ HA ys idkaøKh"
= 9.99×10-2 moldm-3 m%' l< 10×10-3 10×10-3

c,h yd x ;=< HA ys jHdma;s ix.=Klh" b;sß x/2 –10×10 -3 - 10×10-3

_

[HA(aq) ] iEfok ødjKh iajdrlaIl neúka CH3COO Na+(aq) b;sß úh hq;h

= '
= uq¿ mßudj = 100cm3
[HA(org) ]
10 10-3mol
1moldm -3 iEfok [CH3COOH(aq)] = -3 3
= 100 10 dm
9.99  10 2 moldm 3
= 0.1 moldm-3

 10 fykavika-yei,an,aÉ iólrKh Ndú;fhka"

ms<;
s =r - 5 [ixhq.aul NIauh]
pH = pKa+ log
[wï,h]

13. ;kql HCl fh¥úg KMnO4 új¾K lrk jdhqjla msg jQ neúka 5 = - log10(10-5) + log [ixhq.aul NIa-3uh]
0.1moldm
(1) ms<s;=r bj;a fõ' SO2-
4
úiska ;kql wï, yuqfõ jdhq msg [CH3COO–]
5 = 5 + log [0.1 moldm-3]
fkdlrhs ' ,efnk ødjKhg NH 3 fh¥úg fld< meye –
[CH3COO ]
wjlafIamhla ,efnk neúka X ys legdhkh Ni2+ fyda Fe2+ 0 = log
0.1
–
úh hq;=h' túg ,efnk fld< meye ixfhda. Ni(OH)2 yd [CH3COO (aq)]
1 = -3
0.1moldm

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[CH3COO Na+(aq)] = 0.1moldm-3 19.(1) i;Hh' VO+2 ys V TZlrK wxlh +5 jk w;r VO2+ ys V
-
CH3COO Na+ ujq, .Kk= 0.1moldm-3×100×10-3dm3
ys TZlrK wxlh +4 fõ'
= 0.01mol
(2) i;Hh' Cr2O72- ys bf,lafg%dav úNjfha (+) w.h VO+2 ys
x/2 -10×10-3 = 0.01mol
bf,lafg%dav úNjhg jvd jeä neúka Cr2O72- TZyrKh
x/2 = 0.02mol
fjñka VO2+ TZlrKh fõ'
x = 0.04mol
- (3) i;Hhs'
Èhl< CH3COO Na+ = 0.04mol×82gmol-1
Co2+ bf,lafg%dak úkHdih = 1s22s22p63s23p63d7
= 3.28g
ms<s;=r -2 (4) wi;Hhs' Co3+ ys bf,lafg%dav úNjh" VO+2 g jvd Okj
jeä neúka VO+2 yuqfõ' Co2+ TZlrKh fkdfõ'
16.KI fh¥úg ;'NH3 ys Èh fkdjk ly meye wjlafIamhla ÿka (5) i;Hhs' Cr3+ c,Sh ødjKhla oï meye jQj;a Cr2O72- wdï,sl
neúka legdhkh Ag2+ fyda Pb2+ úh yel' R g BaCl2 fh¥úg udOHfha TZldrlhla f,i ls%hd lsÍ fï § iEfok Cr3+

,nd fok iqÿ wjlafIamh ;kql NH3 j, Èh jQ neúka th AgCl whk fld< meye fõ'

úh hq;=h' R ys legdhkh Ag+ fõ' wekdhkh SO42- Wjfyd;a ms<s;=r -4

BaCl2 fh¥úg BaSO4 o wjlafIam fõ' fuh NH3 ys Èh fkdfõ'

20.A(g) nB(g)
 R hkq CH3COO-Ag+ úh hq;=h'
m<uq mehl ld,h ;=< A(g) idkaøKh 0.1moldm-3 j,ska wvqjk
ms<;
s =r -2
úg B(g) idkaøKh 0.2moldm-3 njg Y+kHfha isg m;aj we;snj
fmfka' ta wkqj A(g) : B(g) wkqmd;h 1 : 2 úh hq;=h' tuksid n =
17. MnO2(s) + 2Fe2+
(aq)
+
+ 4H(aq) Mn2+
(aq)
+ 2Fee3+
(aq)
+ 2H2O(l)
2 úh hq;=h'
5Fe2+ + MnO-4(aq) + 8H(aq)
+
5Fee3+(aq) + Mn2+ + 4H2O(l)
(aq) (aq) [B(g)]2 (0.6moldm-3)2 -3
KC = [A ] = -3 = 1.2moldm
jeh jQ MnO-4 ujq, = 0.01moldm-3 × 30 × 10-3dm3 (g) 0.3moldm
= 3 × 10-4mol -3
(0.5 - 0.6) moldm
A jeäùfï iS>%;djh =
b;sßj ;snQ Fe2+ ujq, = 5 × 3 x 10-4mol 1h

= 15 × 10-4mol = 0.1moldm-3h-1
ms<s;=r -2
fh¥ uq¿ Fe2+ ujq, = 0.05moldm-3 × 100 × 10-3dm3
= 5 × 10-3mol 21. (1) m%ldYh wi;H fõ'
MnO2 iu`. m%;sl%shd l< Fe2+ ujq, = 5 × 10-3 - 1.5 x 10-3 wka ; ¾ wKq l wdl¾IK n, m% N ,;djh jeäjk úg
-3
= 3.5 × 10 mol jdIamYS,S;djh wvq fõ' túg jdIam l<dmhg .uka lrk
;snQ MnO2 ujq, .Kk = 1/2 × 3.5 × 10-3mol jdIam wxY= .Kk wvqjk neúka we;sjk ix'jd'mS' wvqfõ'
= 1.75 × 10-3mol tuksid' ix'jd'mS' jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkhg <`.d ùug øjh by<
;snQ MnO2 ialkaOh = 1.75 × 10-3mol × 87gmol-1 WIaK;ajhlg ;dml< hq;= neúka øjfha ;dmdxlh jeä fõ'
= 0.1523g ta wkqj"
0.1523g
MnO2 ialkaO m%;sY;h = 0.3g × 100%
= 50.76%
18.(1) i;Hh'
(2) m%ldYh wi;H fõ' hï WIaK;ajhl§ ix'jd'mS' jeäu jkafka
(2) i;Hh' ix>Ügk j,§ uq¿ Yla;sh fjkia fkdjk neúka
wka;¾ wKql n, ÿ¾j,u ^wvqu ;dmdxlh iys;& A ys fõ'
mSvkho fjkia fkdfõ'
(3) m%ldYH wi;H fõ' jeäu ;dmdxlh D i`oyd mj;S'
(3) wi;H fõ'
(4) m%ldYh wi;H fõ' jeäu jdIamYS,S;djh mj;skafka wka;¾
(4) i;Hhs'
wKql n, ÿ¾j,u A i`oyd fõ'
(5) i;Hhs'
(5) m%ldYh i;H fõ' A ys B ñY%lr idok ødjKh mßmQ¾K fõ
2
=
kï tys ;dmdxlh A yd B ys ;dmdxl w;r mej;sh hq;=h'
2
iEu úgu M (jdhqfõ uõ,sl ialkaOh) / jdhq j¾.h tkï A g jvd ;dmdxlh jeäúh hq;= jk w;r B g jvd

u; r`od mj;S' wvqúh hq;=h'

ms<s;=r -4
ms<s;=r -3

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-
22. 2I (aq) + 2Fee3+
(aq)
2I 2(aq) + 2Fe
e2+
(aq)
8moldm-3s-1 = k(0.2moldm-3)x × (0.2moldm-3)y 
x x2
2moldm-3s-1 = k(0.1moldm-3)x × (0.2moldm-3)y 
+ I 2(aq) -
2I(aq) + S4O2-6(aq)
x2 ka 2=2 y
ka 4 = 2 x

100g l ;snQ I- ujq, .Kk x hehs .ksuq' y=1 x=2

jeh jQ S2O2-
3
ujq, = 0.01moldm-3  22 10-3dm3 iS>%;d iólrKh"
x = 22 10-5mol R = k[NO(g)]2 [Cl2(g)]
;snQ I- ialkaOh = 22  10-5mol  127gmol-1 ms<s;=r -2
= 2.794 10-2g
-2 26.AgI wjlafIam ùug wjYH wju [Ag+],
2.794 10 g
I- ialkaO m%;sY;h = 10g
100% AgI(s) Ag+(aq) + I-(aq)
= 0.2794% Ksp = [Ag+(aq)] [I-(aq)]
-16 2 -6
ms<s;=r - 1 1 10 mol dm
[Ag+(aq)] = -5 -3
1 10 moldm
23. NaOH(aq) + HA(aq) NaA(aq) + H2O(l) = 1 x 10-11moldm-3
wdrïNl x mol
AgBr(s) Ag+(aq) + Br-(aq)
m%;sl%shd l< x/2 mol +
Ksp = [Ag ] [Br-(aq)]
(aq)
b;sß x/2 mol x/2 mol -13 2 -6
1 10 mol dm
iEfok ødjKh iajdrlaIl .=K olajhs' tuksid" [Ag+(aq)] = -11 -3
1 10 moldm
[NaA(aq)] -2
= 1 x 10 moldm -3

pH = pKa + log [HA ]

(aq) ms<s;=r -2
x 2V
-log1010-5 = pKa + log x 27.fldaI yryd .uka lrk ujq, ixLHd iudk fõ'
2V
–
pKa = pKIn =5 2e + 2H2O(l) H2(g) + 2OH (aq)
–
HA o¾Ylfha pH mrdih = (pKIn -1)-(pKIn +1) 2Cl (aq) 2e + Cl2(g)

= (5 -1) - (5 +1) 2H2O(l) O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e

=4-6 ødjK 3 yrydu .uka l< bf,lafg%dak ujq, m%udKh 4x kï

ms<s;=r -3 msgjk H2 , Cl, O2 ujq, m%udK 2x : 2x : x jkq we;'
tu ksid ujq, wkqmd;h"
3mol
24.wdrïNl [A(g)] = 3 = 6moldm-3 = p 2 : 2 : 1 fõ'
0.5dm
A(g) + B(g) C(g) + D(g) ms<s;=r -4
wdrïNl 6moldm-3 6moldm-3
ú>gk x x 28. (a) i;H fõ'
iu;=,s; (6-x) (6-x) x x
A n`ÿkg" PV = nRT
[C(g)] [D (g)] P= =
KC = [A ][B ]
(g) (g)

2 B n`ÿkg" PV = nRT
x
16 = (6 - x)2
P =
4 = 6x -x
=
x = 4.8 moldm-3
ta wkqj iu;=,s;" C n`ÿkg" PV = nRT
-3
[A(g)] = 6 - 4.8 moldm P =
= 1.2 moldm-3 = R
[C(g)] = 4.8 moldm-3 = Q =
wdrïNfha § M, fkdmj;sk neúka S = 0 úh hq;=h' A, B yd C n`ÿkaj, mSvk iudk fõ'
ms<s;=r - 5
B n`ÿfka jdhq ialkaOh
(b) =
C n`ÿfka jdhq ialkaOh
25.iS>%;djh = K [NO(g)]x [Cl2(g)]y
=
1moldm-3s-1 = k(0.1moldm-3)x × (0.1moldm-3)y 
m%ldYh i;H fõ'

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(c). 2
= = = 103 (c) m%ldYh i;H fõ' fuhg kshqla,sfhda*s,slhla f,i l%shd
CO
2
l< yel'
2
N2
= = = 103 (d) m%ldYh i;H fõ' fuys§ weuhsv iEfoa'

NH2 O
j¾. uOHkH fõ. fjkia fõ' (C) wi;H fõ'
+CH3COCl
(d). 2
He
= = = 103
(a) yd (b) wi;H fõ'
 2
He
> 2
CO ms<s;=r -1
2
(d) m%ldYh i;H fõ'
ms<s;=r -3 32. (a) i;H fõ' fuys" Y wlaIh mSvkh fõ' by< mSvk j, §
we;sjkafka øj fõ'
29.Q yd R tlsfkl ñY% l<úg j¾K úm¾hdihla iso fkdjQ  - jdhq l,dmh
neúka § we;s ms<s;=re j,g wkqj Q yd R wï, úh hq;=h' ta  - øj - jdhq l,dmh
wkqj P, Pb(NO3)2 fyda AgNO3 úh yel'  - øj l,dmh fõ'
AgNO3 iuÕ HBr iuÕ idok AgBr wjlafIamh ly meye
(b) m%ldYh i;H fõ' X yS§ Xc = 1 neúka tys§ ixY=oaO C
neúka ms<s;=r (2) úh fkdyel' tfiau AgNO3 HCl iuÕ idok
mj;S' tuksid tys§ C ys ixY=oaO jdIam mSvkh we;sfõ' Y
AgCl wjlafIamh ;kql NH3 yuqfõ Èhjk neúka ms<s;=r (4)
yS§ Xc = 0 neúka XD = 1 fõ' túg tys D ys ixY=oaO jdIam
úh fkdyel' PbI2 ly meye;sh ' tuksid ms< s ;= r (5) úh
mSvkh (P0D) we;sfõ'
fkdyel' f,â fya,hsv ish,a, WKq c,fha Èhfõ'
tuksid § we;s o;a; wkqj wjlafIam jk ixfhda. foflka (c) jdhq l,dmfha C ys ujq, Nd.h 0.5 úg D ys o ujq, Nd.h
tlla muKla f,â fya,hsvhla úh hq;=h' 0.5 fõ' tuksid jdIam l,dmfha fïjdfha mSvk iudk fõ'
rjq,a kshufhka"
ms<s;=r -3
PC = XCP0C P D = X DP 0D
30.fuys bf,lafg%dav úNj ie,l+ úg Cu2+/Cu bf,lafg%davh PC = PD
wefkdavh f,i;a Fe3+/Fe2+ bf,lafg%davh lef;davh f,i;a X C P 0 C = X DP 0D
y`ÿkd.; yel' P0C < P0D neúka XC > XD úh hq;=h'
(1) m%ldYh wi;H fõ' fuys A wefkdavh fõ' m%ldYh wi;H fõ'
Ecell = Ecathode - Eanode (d) m%ldYh i;H fõ'
= 0.77V - 0.15V (a), (b) yd (d) i;H fõ'
= 0.62V ms<s;=r - 5
(2) m%ldYh wi;H fõ' A wefkdavh Wjo fldaIfha ú'Yd'n'
33. (a) m%ldYh wi;H fõ' fuh ødjKfha wod, ix>gl j, ujq,
0.62V fõ'
Nd. u; r`od mj;S'
(3) m%ldYh i;H fõ'
(b) m%ldYh wi;H fõ'
- wefkdav m%;sl%shdj -
+
(c) m%ldYh i;H fõ' rjq,a kshufhka u`o wm.ukhla olajk
Cu(aq) Cu2+
(aq)
+e
- lef;dav m%;sl%shdj - ødjKhl jdIam l<dmfha uq¿ mSvkh my; m%i:
a drfhka ±la fõ'
Fe3+ +e Fee2+ jdIam mSvkh jdIam mSvkh
(aq) (aq)

- iuia: fldaI m%;sl%shdj -

Fe3+
(aq)
+
+ Cu(aq) Cu2+
(aq)
+ Fee2+
(aq)
P0A
(4) m%ldYh wi;H fõ' PT
(5) m%ldYh wi;H fõ'
ms<s;=r - 3 0
PB

31.(a) m%ldYh wi;H fõ' -NH2 ldKavh il%shldrlhls' kuq;a

XA 0 1
weks,k
S a ¨úia NIauhla jk neúka fuh *Sâ,ald% *aÜ W;afm%r
a l
XB 1 0
iu`. m%;sl%shd lsÍu isÿúh yel' tuksid we,alhs,SlrKhg
A = jdIamYS,S;djh jeä ix>glh
Ndckh fkdúh yel' B = jdIamYS,S;djh wvq ix>glh
(b) m%ldYh wi;H fõ' fuh Br2 iu`. iqÿ wjlafIamh idohs' iEuúgu" PB0 < PT < PA0
(d) m%ldYh wi;H fõ' fuys§ iEu úgu Y+kH fkdjk tka;e,ams
NH2 NH2
Br Br úm¾hdihla isÿ fõ'
Br2
iqÿ (c) muKla i;H fõ'

Br
ms<s;=r -5

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34. (a) m%ldYh i;H fõ' m%ldY ridhksl OQñldj iE§ug wod, 37. (a) m%ldYh i;H fõ' Na+ < Li+ < Be2+ ms<sfj,g legdhkj,
uQ,l
s m%;l
s h
s% d my; mßÈ fõ' tajdg O2 yd H2O(g) iïnkaO fõ' O% eùlrK n,h jeäjk neúka ta ms < s f j,gu whks l
2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g) ifhda.fha O%eùlrKh jeä fõ'
h .
NO2(g) NO(g) + O(g) NaCl < LiCl < BeCl2
.
O(g) + O2(g) O3(g) O%eùlrKh jeä fõ'
. .
O(g) + H2O(g) 2OH(g) whksl ,CIK wvq fõ'
iyixhqc ,CIK jeä fõ'
(b) m%ldYh wi;H fõ' CFC fukau HFC o f.da,Sh WKqiqu (b) m%ldYh i;H fõ' P yd B g jvd Al ys úoHq;a iDK;djh
by< hdug odhl jk m%n, yß;d.dr jdhqfõ' wvq fõ' tuksid jvd;au O%eùh jkafka Al - Cl nkaOkh
(c) m% ldYh wi;H fõ' jdhq ka f.ka jeä m% ;s Y;hla ^99] fõ' tuksid AlCl3 ys whksl ,CIK jeä;u fõ'
la muK& mj;s ka fka mDÓú mDIa Gfha is g by<g 15km (c) m%ldYh wi;H fõ' fuys§ jeäu O%eùldrl n,h" wrh
muK olajd úys§ mj;sk mßj¾;S f.da,h ;=< fõ' wvq - wdfrdamKh jeä Al3+ i;= fõ'
(d) m%ldYh i;H fõ' CFC jdhqkaf.a yß;d.dr wdprK jdhq (d) m%ldYh wi;H fõ' HF, H nkaOk idok neúka tys
m%n,;dj (GWP w.h) CO2 f.a fuka oyia .=Khls' ;dmdxlh jeä;u fõ' HCl yd HBr w;=ßka jvd jeä
tuksid CFC, HCFC jeks jdhQka yß;d.dr wdprKhg wKql ialkaOhla iys; HBr ys ;dmdxlh jeä fõ'
m%N,j n,mdhs' (a) yd (d) i;H fõ' HCl < HBr < HF
ms<s;=r -4
wKql ialkaOh jeä fõ'
–
35. Cu(OH)2(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2OH (aq) (a) yd (b) i;H fõ'
(a) wi;H fõ' ms<s;=r -1
–
pH jeälrk úg [OH ] jeäjk neúka wjlafIam ùu Èßu;a
fõ' ødjH;djh wvqfõ' 38. 3-bromopent-4-enoic acid
(b) wi;H fõ' H O
–
pH wvqlrk úg [ OH] wvqjk neúka iu;=,;
s h ol=Kg nrfõ'
(c) ;kq l NH 3 iuÕ ødjKfha mj;s k Cu 2+ whk Br
[Cu(NH3)4] 2+
ixlS¾K idoñka l,dmfhka bj;a jk (a) m%ldYh i;H fõ' ldnka mrudKqj wiuñ;sl neúka
neúka M, foig m%;sls%hdj Èßu;a jk w;r c, ødjH;djh ixfhda.h m%;srEm wjhj iudjhúl;djh olajhs'
jeäfõ' m%ldYh i;H fõ' (b) m%ldYh i;H fõ' fuys ldfndlai,
s sla fldgi Na2CO3 iu`.
(d) fuh H>0jk ;dm wjfYdaIl m%;sls%hdjla nj § we;' m%;sl%shd lr CO2 msg lrhs'
(c) m%ldYh i;H fõ' fuys we,alSk fldgi (C mrudKq w;r
WIaK;ajh jeäjk úg ;dm wjfYdaIl m%;sls%hd Èßu;a jk
mj;sk oaú;aj nkaOk fldgi) Br2 Èhr új¾K lrhs'
neúka th ødjH;djh jeä lsÍug fya;= fõ' i;H fõ'
(d) m%ldYh wi;H fõ' NaBH4 yuqfõ ldfndlais,sla wï,
(c) yd (d) i;H fõ'
TZyrKh fkdfõ'
ms<s;=r - 3
(a), (b) yd (c) i;H fõ'
36. (a) m% l dYh wi;H fõ' TiO 2 ks m oùfï la f ,da r hs â ms<s;=r -5
ls%hdj,shg wod, m%;sls%hd my; mßÈ fõ'
0
2Cl2(g) + TiO2(s) + C(s) 950 C TiCl4(g) + CO2(g) 39. (a) m%ldYh i;H fõ'
(b) m%ldYh wi;H fõ' R = k[A]2 neúka [A]2 g tÈßfha R
TiCl4(g) + O2(g) 10000C TiO + 2Cl m%ia:dr.;l, úg ir, f¾Ldjla ,enqko [A] iu`.
2(s) 2(g)

,efnkqfha jl%hls'
fuys§ Cl2 m%;splS%lrKh lr kej; kej; Ndú;d lrk
(c) m%ldYh wi;H fõ' fuh fojk fm< neúka w¾O wdhq
w;r CO2 w;=reM,hla f,i msgfõ'
ld,h wdrïNl idkaøKh u; o r`od mj;S'
(b) m%ldYh i;H fõ' Odrd W!Iaulfhka bj;g .efkk
(d) m%ldYh wi;H fõ' idkaøKh jeäùu;a iu`. w¾O wdhq
wuq hlv iuÕ ldnka Si, P, Mn yd S jeks oE mj;S'
ld,h wvqùu isÿfõ'
(c) m%ldYh i;H fõ'
(a) muKla i;H fõ'
(d) m%ldYh wi;H fõ' Tiaj,aâ l%ufha §  jk l=àrh jk ms<s;=r - 5
wjfYdaIK l=àrfha § isÿjk m%;sl%shdj my; mßÈ fõ'
4NO2(g) + 2H2O(l) + O2(g) 4HNO3(aq) 40. (a) m%ldYh i;H fõ'
WIaK;ajh 200C 250C olajd jeäjk úg KW
fuu m%;l
s s%hdj isÿùug O2 wjYH neúka fuys§ O2 uqla; by< hk neúka c,fha bÈß ú>gkh ;dm wjfYdaIl
l=àrhla Ndú;d l< fkdyel' nj fmfka'
(a) yd (d) wi;H fõ' (b) 250C g jvd wvq WIaK;aj j,§ [H3O+(aq)] wvq jk neúka
ms<s;=r -4 pH w.h jeäùu isÿ fõ' m%ldYh wi;H fõ'

pß; Èidkdhl B.Sc. Engineering (Hon's)

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(c) m%ldYh wi;H fõ' ´kEu WIaK;ajhl WodiSk ødjK 45. m<uq m%ldYh wi;H fõ' bkaOk mßfNdackfha§ msgjk fkd±jqKq
mej;sh yel' yhsfv%dldnk" CO2 jeks oE wys;lr jqjo wï, jeis i|yd odhl fkdfõ'
(d) m%ldYh wi;H fõ' ú>gk ksh;fha w.h fjkia fojk m%ldYh wi;H fõ' wï, jeiaila we;sùug jeis c,fha pH
jkúg ixY=oaO c,fha H3O+ yd OH- idkaøK fjkia w.h 4g muK wvqúh hq;h= ' CO2 jeis c,fha Èhùu ksid jeis c,h
jk neúka pH yd pOH w.hhka fjkia fõ' ;rula wdï,sl Wjo th wï, jeiaila f,i y`ÿkajkq fkd,efí'
(a) muKla i;H fõ' ms<s;=r - 5
ms<s;=r - 5
46. m<uq m%ldYh wi;H fõ' *Sfkda,a kshqla,sfhda*s,sl m%;sl%shd j,g
41. m<uq m%ldYh wi;H fõ' mSvkh Y+kH lrd t<fUk úg iyNd.S fkdfõ' thg fya;=j *Sfkda,a ys O u; jQ bf,lafg%daK
fyj;a iumSvH;d idOlh (Z) Y+kHg fkdj 1 g <`.d fõ' fnkaiSka j,hg odhl ùu ksid C - O nkaOkh oaú;aj nkaOk
,CIK fmkaùu fõ'
fojk m%ldYh i;H fõ' mSvkh Y+kH lrd t<fUk úg wKq
fojk m%ldYh i;H fõ'
w;r ÿr wmßñ;j jeäjk neúka wdl¾YK n, Y+kH lrd t<fò'
ms<s;=r -4
ms<s;=r -4

47. m<uq m%ldYh i;H fõ' S idkaø HNO3 w;r m%;l

s h
s% dj my; mßÈ fõ'
42. m<uq m%ldYh i;H fõ'
pH fjki = pH2 - pH1
(0) +5 (+6) +4

= -log10[H2O+]2 + log10[H3O+(aq)]1 h
TZlrKh TZyrK
= log10
fojk m%ldYh wi;H fõ' S u`.ska HNO3 TZyrKh lrjhs'
m<uq wjia:dfõ §" ms<s;=r - 3
pH fjki = -log10 0.1
0.01 48.m<uq m%ldYh i;H fõ' fuys oS wefkdavfha §
=1
fojk wjia:fõ§" Ag(s) Ag+(aq) +e
pH fjki = log10 0.05 f,i Ag TZlrKh jk w;r iEfok Ag+ , Cl- iu`. AgCl iE§
0.005
=1 wefkdavh u; ;ekam;a fõ'
fojk m%ldYh i;H fõ'
fojk m%ldYh wi;H fõ' lef;dav w.%h u; muKla fkdj
WIaK;ajh jeäjk úg c,fha bÈß ú>gkh Èßu;a jk
wefkdav w.%h u;o øjH ;ekam;a ùu isÿ úh yel'
neúka [H3O+] jeä fõ' fojk m%ldYh u`.ska m<uq m%ldYh
ms<s;=r - 3
ksjerÈj my`od fkdfoa'
ms<s;=r -2 49. m%ldYh i;H fõ'

43. m<uq m%ldYh i;H fõ'

fojk m%ldYh wi;H fõ' W;afm%arl yd m%;sl%shl fN!;sl f¾Çh fõ' f¾Çh fõ'
l,dm lsysmhl mej;sho id¾:lj W;afm%arKh isÿúh yelsh' fojk m%ldYh wi;H fõ' fuh ieuúgu i;H fkdfõ'
fuh úIucd;Sh W;afma%rKh f,i y`ÿkajhs' ms<s;=r -3
ms<s;=r - 3

44. c,fhka 10 .=Khlska ;kql l, úg § [HCl] = 10-7moldm-3 50. m<uq m%ldYh i;H fõ' H2O(g) my; ,laIK fmkajk neúka th
+ -
HCl H (aq)
+ Cl (aq) yß;d.dr jdhqjla fõ'
-7 -3 -7 -3
10 moldm 10 moldm 1) wfOdarla; lsrK Wrd.; yelsùu'
250C ys§ c,h ú>gkfhkao H+ idkaøKhla ,efí'
2) jdhqf.da,fha È.= ld,hla ia:dhSj mej;sh yelsùu'
HCl u`.ska ,efnk [H+] b;d l=vd ksid c,h u`.ska ,efnk
m%udKh o ie,lsh hq;= fõ' fojk m%ldYh i;H fõ'
túg uq¨ [H+] = 2×10-7moldm-3 fõ' mDÓú jdhq f .da , fha we;s c,jdIa m m% u dKh fláld,S k j
 pH w.h 7 g jvd uola wvq fõ' N+f.da,Sh idOl u; yd fjk;a ld,.=K idOl u; fjkia Wjo
ie'hq' = wdï,sl ødjKhla 250C § fldmuK c,fhka ;kql
l< o pH w.h 7 g jvd jeä fkdfõ' È.= ld,Skj ie,l+ úg mDÓúfha iuia: c,jdIam m%udKh ksh;
m<uq m%ldYh wi;H fõ' fõ' tuksid c,jdIam yß;d.dr jdhqjla Wjo th f.da,Sh WKqiqu
fojk m%ldYh wi;H fõ' iajdrla Il ødjK j,§ fuh
by< hdug n,mEula fkdolajhs'
fjkia fõ'
ms<s;=r - 5 m%ldY folu i;H uq;a myod §ula isÿ fkdfõ'

ms<s;=r -2

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