NAME PLASMA SITE OF COMPOUND BOUND OR BIOLOGICAL

LEVEL SYNTHESIS TRANSPORTED SIGNIFICANCE

1. Albumin 3.5-5g/dl Fatty Acids ,  Bilirubin
Billirubin, ca+, competes with
Liver thyroxine, heavy aspirin for
metals , drugs binding sites on
e.gaspirin , sulpha albumin.
 Human albumin
is clinically
useful in
treatment of
liver diseases,
hemorrhage,
shock and
burns.
2. Prealbumin 25–30 mg/dl Steroid hormones  Rich in
Trans Liver Thyroxine , Retinol tryptophan.
Half-life is 1day
 It is a negative
acute phase
protein.
thyretin)
 Transports T3
and T4 losely

ALPHA 0.6 to 1.4 binds the hormone  rises in acute

GLOBULINS gm per litre progesterone and chronic
3. A-1 Acid carry needed inflammation
Glycoprotei Liver carbohydrate at site of  cirrhosis of the
n injury ch20 content (41%) liver
(orosomuco  malagnincies
id)  decrease in ;
hepatic
diseases,
cachexia,
malnutrition
and in nephrotic
syndrome.
4. α1- less than 1  in determining
fetoglobulin μg/100 ml. Liver TUMOR MARKER presence of
hepatocellular
carcinoma or
teratoblastomas
(tumour marker
5. α1- Liver Inhibitor  inhibit some
globulins- digestive
inhibitors enzymes like
 trypsin and
chymotrypsin
6.α1-antitrypsin (α1- it is the principal  Role in
AT) protease Emphysema
inhibitor (Pi) of human Lung
plasma. It inhibits trypsin,  IV
elastase administration
of α1-AT in
patients with
lung
emphysema
 Role in cirrhosis
 Role as tumor
marker
 As an Inhibitor
of Fibrinolysis
Reference synthesized Ceruloplasmin is also  Increase: t is
α2-GLOBULINS blood levels by the called Ferroxidase, an found in
of hepatic enzyme which helps in pregnancy,
6. Caeruloplas ceruloplasm parenchyma the incorporation of iron inflammatory
min in are: l cells and a into transferrin processes,
Adults small It is an important anti- malignancies,
Males- 22- portion by oxidant in plasma oral oestrogen
40 mg/dl lymphocyte therapy and
Females 25- s and contraceptive
60 mg/dl macrophage Pill
Females on s Decrease : In
oral Wilson’s disease
contraceptiv and in Menke’s
es: 27-66 disease
mg/dl
Pregnancy
30-120
mg/dl

7. Haptoglobin 40-175mg/ Liver Hemoglobin  Synthesized in

dl liver. Low level
indicates
hemolysis. Half-
life of Hp is 5
days; but that
of Hb-Hp is only
90 minutes. It is
an acute phase
protein
8. β-
GLOBULINS less than 1 it precipitates with group
C reactive mg/100 ml Liver C polysaccharide of bind heme
 Protein pneumococci, in the bind to T-lymphocytes
(CRP) presence of Ca++ and can activate
complement
formation of heme
proteins or as an
‘opsonin’
9. Hemopexin 50–100 Liver Free heme  Helps in
mg/dl preventing loss
of heme (and so
iron also) from
body
10. LDL  The lipoprotein
Low density contains
lipo protein apoprotein-A
Serves to
Liver Cholesterol , transport
Phospholipid cholesterol
from
lipoprotein)
tissues to liver
for elimination
through bile. It
is anti-
atherogenic
11. Transferrin 200–300 Liver  Iron 33%  Conserves iron
mg/dl saturated by preventing
iron loss
through urine
12. Complemen  precursors for  These proteins
t C1q certain active participate in
proteins immune
circulating in reaction in the
blood body.
13. . β2-  tumour marker  increased in
MICROGLO renal diseases
BULINS
14. γ- synthesised   These are
GLOBULINS by plasma immunoglobulin
cells and B- s having
cells of antibody
lymphoid activity
tissues (RE
system)
15. Retinol 3–6 mg/dl α1  . RBP has a  Level indicates
Synthesized short binding vitamin A
by liver (Vitamin A) status. protein
half-life (RBP) Useful to
 assess the
protein turn
over rate
16. Thyroxine 1–2 mg/dl Liver  Thyroxine α1  TBG binding is
important in
studying thyroid
function.
17. Transcortin; 3–3.5 mg/d Cortisol α1  Corticosterone . Increased in Cortisol
Synthesized and pregnancy. Free
by liver unbound fraction of
binding Corticosterone
hormone is biologically
active.

18. HDL Liver  . (High density . It is anti-atherogenic
Cholesterol Phospholipids The lipoprotein contains
α Serves to apoprotein-A
transport
cholesterol
from
lipoprotein)
tissues to liver
for elimination
through bile