Animal Tissues
On the basis of
Epithelial
This tissue forms the covering of the
external surfaces, internal cavities, and
organs of the animal body.
1. Squamous
It is a single layer of thin and
flat cells.
It forms the delicate lining of
cavities, blood vessels and
covering of the tongue and
skin.
3. Columnar
This epithelium consists of cells
which are much longer than
broad.
It forms the lining of stomach
and intestines, found in salivary
glands in the mouth, sweat
glands and oil glands of the
skin.
5. Glandular
This epithelium consists of
columnar cells modified to
secrete chemicals.
Present in the stomach,
intestineand pancreas
Function and structure, animal
tissue is classified into four
types.
Muscular
Consists of elongated,
narrow, muscle cells
called muscle fibres.
Muscular tissue are of
three types.
2. Cuboidal
1. Striated
Cells are as long as broad and
appear cube-like. (Voluntary muscle)
Muscle fibres are long,
This tissue lines the small
salivary ducts, pancreatic
cylindrical, unbranched
and multinucleate.
ducts etc.
Found attached to the
bones.
Location: Limbs, Tongue,
Pharynx, Oesophagus.
2. Smooth
4. Ciliated (Involuntary
muscle)
This epithelium usually consists
of cuboidal or columnar cells, These muscle fibres are
has numerous thin, delicate, uninucleated and spindle-
hair-like projections called cilia shaped.
arising from the outer free
surface of the cells. It forms the Found in ureters,
lining of wind-pipe, kidney walls of digestive tract,
tubules, oviducts etc. urinary bladder, and iris of
the eye.
3. Cardiac
(Heart muscle)
Muscle cells are cylindrical
in shape, branched and
uninucleated.
Only found in
the walls of the heart.
Fluid
connective tissue
This tissue is also known as vascular
tissue. The matrix and cells of this tiisue
are free from fibres.
1. Blood
Red-coloured fluid matrix
which consists of plasma and
cells such as RBCs, WBCs and
platelets
2. Lymph
Fluid surrounding the body
cells which contains WBCs
Connective tissue
Consists of a matrix and the cells are
embedded
Skeletal
tissue
It is a type of supportive connective tissue.
It's matrix is dense and mineralized due to
deposition if minerals and becomes hard.
Cartilage
This tissue is non-porous,
semitransparent and elastic
in nature.
Found in nose, ear, trachea
and larynx.
Bone
This tissue is hard, strong and
nonflexible, porous in nature
which consists of living cells.
Neurons
(nerve cells)
Functional unit of nervous system
Connective tissue
proper
It consists of loose connective tissue(cells
and fibres are loosly arranged in a semi-
solid ground substance) and dense
connective tissue(cells and fibres are
compactly packed) .
1. Areolar
This tissue is found in the
skin and muscles around
the blood vessels, nerves
etc.
2. Adipose
It is a modified connective
tissue, it mainly acts as the
storage site of fats.
3. Tendon
It contains thick, elastic parallel
bundles of white collagen fibres.
Tendons connects muscles to
bone.
The cells are elongated
fibroblasts which lie in
continuous rows.
4. Ligament
It contains tough elastic bundles .
The fibroblasts are irregularly
scattered. they connect two bones
together.
 Plant Tissue
Meristematic Permanent
On the basis of position tissue tissue
in the plant body. Cells in this tissue are capable Simple permanent Mature cells, incapable
of continous cell division. tissue of cell division.
Apical * It is a living tissue.
meristem * It consists of large intercellular spaces.
Enables the root and stem
* It is involved in the storage of food material
*
to grow by increasing and waste material. Intercellular spaces
the length of plants.
Located at the growing tips of the
* * It provides temporary support to the plant.
stem, roots, branches and in
growing young leaves near the tips Parenchyma * It consists of relatively non-specialised
of stems and axillary buds. large, thin-walled living cells.

Intercalary
meristem
This tissue prompt the longitudinal
* Wall thicknening
growth of plants by increasing * It provides mechanical support and
Nucleus
internodal elongation. elasticity to parts of the plant. Vacuole
Cell wall
Located at the internodes or Collenchyma
* * Cells in this tissue are living, elongated and
stem regions between the places at Complex permanent
cell walls are irregularly thickened at the
which the leaves attach and at tissue
corners.
leaf bases. * These tissues are also called
vascular tissue.
Lateral * They help in the transportation of
meristem Thick lignified
organic material, water, and
* It is a mechanical tissue, provides strength
The girth and width/diameter walls
minerals.
* and toughness to plant parts.
/thickness of the stem or
* It consists of long, narrow and thick
root increases because of the Sclerenchyma
lignified walls without protoplasm.
lateral meristem.
* This tissue is made up of dead cells and
Present laterally (on the sides) on
* there are no intercellular spaces present.
the roots and stem and is situated
parallel to the longitudinal axis below
the bark.

Its main function is the transport of food

It is a conducting tissue responsible for
Xylem the transportation of water and minerals Xylem fiber Phloem material from leaves to the different parts Fiber
of the cell. Sieve
from roots to different part of the plant.
Tracheids plates
Companion
Perforation plates
It is a primitive conductive element of the These are tubular cells with perforated cell
Tracheids xylem. The cell wall has tapering ends Sieve tubes walls. They are the main conducting part
and is thick due to lignin deposition. of the phloem.
Sieve
areas
These are rows of elongated tube-like These are living cells usually associated with

Vessels dead cells. The cells have lignified walls Companion cells the sieve tubes. They help the sieve tube in
and a large central cavity. the conduction of food material.

These are living parenchymatous cells, These are ordinary living parenchyma cells
Xylem parenchyma Vessel Phloem parenchyma
covered by cellulosic cell walls. associated with phloem.

Sieve
These are dead sclerenchymatous fibres.
Xylem fibers
These are dead fibres, which provide
Phloem fibers element
mechanical strength to the plants. They provide mechanical strength.