Unit 3 Trigonometry

Past paper questions- Marking scheme

sin 2 2 sin  cos

1. (a) = M1
1 + cos 2 1 + 2 cos 2  − 1
Note: Award M1 for use of double angle formulae.
2 sin  cos 
= A1
2 cos 2 
sin 
=
cos 
= tan θ AG

π
sin
π 4
(b) tan = (M1)
8 π
1 + cos
4
π
1 + cos
π 4
cot = M1
8 π
sin
4
2
1+
= 2
2
2
=1+ 2 A1
[5]

1 2
2. (a) area of AOP = r sin θ A1
2

(b) TP = r tan θ (M1)

1
area of POT = r(r tan θ)
2
1
= r2 tan θ A1
2

1 2
(c) area of sector OAP = r θ A1
2
area of triangle OAP < area of sector OAP < area of triangle POT R1
1 2 1 1
r sin   r 2  r 2 tan 
2 2 2
sin θ < θ < tan θ AG
[5]

1
3. METHOD 1
sin C sin 40
= M1(A1)
7 5
BĈD = 64.14...° A1
CD = 2 × 5cos 64.14... M1
Note: A1so allow use of sine or cosine rule.
CD = 4.36 A1

METHOD 2
let AC = x
cosine rule
52 = 72 + x2 – 2 × 7 × x cos 40 M1A1
x2 – 10.7... x + 24 = 0
10.7...  (10.7...) 2 − 4  24
x= (M1)
2
x = 7.54; 3.18 (A1)
CD is the difference in these two values = 4.36 A1
Note: Other methods may be seen.
[5]

2
4.

 4.5 
α = 2 arcsin  ( α = 1.396... = 80.010° ...) M1(A1)
 7 
 4.5 
β = 2 arcsin  ( β = 2.239... = 128.31°...) (A1)
 5 
Note: Allow use of cosine rule.
1
area P = × 72 × (α – sin α) = 10.08... M1(A1)
2
1
area Q = × 52 × (β – sin β) = 18.18... (A1)
2
Note: The M1 is for an attempt at area of sector minus area of triangle.
Note: The use of degrees correctly converted is acceptable.
area = 28.3(cm2) A1
[7]

1 2
5. area of triangle POQ = 8 sin 59° M1
2
= 27.43 (A1)
59
area of sector = π82 M1
360
= 32.95 (A1)
area between arc and chord = 32.95 – 27.43
= 5.52 (cm2) A1
[5]

3
6. let the length of one side of the triangle be x
consider the triangle consisting of a side of the triangle and two radii
EITHER
x2 = r2 + r2 – 2r2 cos 120° M1
= 3r2
OR
x = 2r cos 30° M1

THEN
x= r 3 A1
so perimeter = 3 3 r A1
now consider the area of the triangle
1
area = 3 × r2sin 120° M1
2
3 2
=3× r A1
4
P 3 3r
=
A 3 3 2
r
4
4
= A1
r
Note: Accept alternative methods
[6]

1 1
7. (a) u=  du = − 2 dx M1
x x
du
 dx = − 2 A1
u
1
 1 1 du

1 1+ x 2
dx = −
1

 2
1 u
2
A1M1A1
1+  
u
Note: Award A1 for correct integrand and M1A1 for correct limits.
1 1
=  1 + u
1 2
du (upon interchanging the two limits) AG

4
 (b) arctan x1 = arctan u 11 A1

π π 1
arctan α − = − arctan A1
4 4 
1 π
arctan α or + arctan = AG
 2
[7]

8. (a) sin (2n + 1)x cosx – cos (2n + 1)x sinx = sin (2n + 1)x – x M1A1
= sin 2nx AG

(b) if n = 1 M1
LHS = cos x
sin 2 x 2 sin x cos x
RHS = = = cos x M1
2 sin x 2 sin x
so LHS = RHS and the statement is true for n = 1 R1
assume true for n = k M1
Note: Only award M1 if the word true appears.
Do not award M1 for ‘let n = k’ only.
Subsequent marks are independent of this M1.
sin 2kx
so cos x + cos 3x + cos 5x + ... + cos(2k – 1)x =
2 sin x
if n = k + 1 then
cos x + cos 3x + cos 5x + ... + cos(2k – 1)x + cos(2k + 1)x M1
sin 2kx
= cos (2k + 1)x A1
2 sin x
sin 2kx + 2 cos(2k + 1) x sin x
= M1
2 sin x
sin(2k + 1) x cos x − cos(2k + 1) x sin x + 2 cos(2k + 1) x sin x
= M1
2 sin x
sin( 2k + 1) x cos x + cos(2k + 1) x sin x
= A1
2 sin x
sin( 2k + 2) x
= M1
2 sin x
sin 2(k + 1) x
= A1
2 sin x
so if true for n = k, then also true for n = k + 1
as true for n = 1 then true for all n  + R1
Note: Final R1 is independent of previous work.

5
 sin 4 x 1
(c) = M1A1
2 sin x 2
sin 4x = sin x
4x = x  x = 0 but this is impossible
π
4x = π – x  x = A1
5
2π
4x = 2π + x  x = A1
3
3π
4x = 3π – x  x = A1
5
for not including any answers outside the domain R1
Note: Award the first M1A1 for correctly obtaining 8 cos3 x – 4 cos x – 1 = 0
or equivalent and subsequent marks as appropriate including the
 1 1 5 
answers arccos  − , .
 2 4 

[20]

 π π π
9. sin x +  = sin x cos  + cos x sin  (M1)
 3 3 3
π π π
sin x cos  + cos x sin  = 2 sin x sin 
3 3 3
1 3 3
sin x + cos x = 2  sin x A1
2 2 2
dividing by cos x and rearranging M1
3
tan x = A1
2 3 −1
rationalizing the denominator M1
11 tan x = 6 + 3 A1
[6]

6
10. (a) the differential equation is separable and can be written as (M1)
 − y dy =  cos
−2 2
xdx (or equivalent) A1
1 + cos 2 x
=  dx A1
2
1 1 1
= x + sin 2 x(+C ) A1A1
y 2 4
when x = 0, y = 1 M1
C=1
1
y= A1
1 1
x + sin 2 x + 1
2 4

(b) (i) recognizing use of (1 + tan x)2 (M1)

(1 + tan x)2 = 1 + 2 tan x + tan2 x ≥ 1 + tan2 x = sec2 x A1
(since all terms are positive)
(1 + tan x)2 ≥ sec2 x
sec2 x = 1 + tan2 x ≥ 1 A1
 (1 + tan x)2 ≥ sec2 x ≥ 1
since all terms are positive, taking square root gives R1
1 ≤ sec x ≤ 1 + tan x AG

π π π
(ii) 0
4 dx  0
4 sec xdx  
0
4 1+ tan xdx M1
π π π
x 04  0
4 sec xdx  x − ln cos x 4
0 M1A1
π
π π 1
4
  0
4 sec xdx 
4
− ln
2
A1
π
π π 1
4
  0
4 sec xdx  + ln 2
4 2
AG
[15]

11. a=3 A1
c=2 A1
2π
period = =3 (M1)
b
2π
b= (= 2.09) A1
3
[4]

7
12. AC = AB = 10 (cm) A1
triangle OBC is equilateral (M1)
BC = 6 (cm) A1
EITHER
3
BÂC = 2 arcsin M1A1
10
BÂC = 34.9° (accept 0.609 radians) A1
OR
10 2 + 10 2 − 6 2 164
cos BÂC = = M1A1
2 10 10 200
BÂC = 34.9° (accept 0.609 radians) A1
Note: Other valid methods may be seen.
[6]

13. use of cosine rule: BC = (8 2 + 7 2 − 2  7  8 cos 70) = 8.6426... (M1)A1

Note: Accept an expression for BC2.

BD = 5.7617... (CD = 2.88085...) A1
 7 sin 70 
use of sine rule: B̂ = arcsin  = 49.561...° ( Ĉ = 60.4387...°) (M1)A1
 BC 
use of cosine rule: AD = 8 2 + BD 2 − 2  BD  8cosB = 6.12 (cm) A1
Note: Scale drawing method not acceptable.
[6]

1 2
14. (a) the area of the first sector is 2  (A1)
2
the sequence of areas is 2θ, 2kθ, 2k2θ... (A1)
the sum of these areas is 2θ(1 + k + k2 + ...) (M1)
2
= = 4π M1A1
1− k
hence θ = 2π(1 – k) AG
Note: Accept solutions where candidates deal with angles instead of area.

8
 (b) the perimeter of the first sector is 4 + 2θ (A1)
the perimeter of the third sector is 4 + 2k2θ (A1)
the given condition is 4 + 2k2θ = 2 + θ M1
which simplifies to 2 = θ(1 – 2k2) A1
eliminating θ, obtain cubic in k: π(1 – k) (1 – 2k2) – 1 = 0 A1
or equivalent
solve for k = 0.456 and then θ = 3.42 A1A1
[12]

π
15. (a) – arccos x ≥ 0
4
π
arccos x ≤ (M1)
4
2  1 
x≥  accept x   (A1)
2  2
since –1 ≤ x ≤ 1 (M1)
2  1 
  x  1  accept  x  1 A1
2  2 
Note: Penalize the use of < instead of ≤ only once.

π π 
(b) y= − arccos x  x = cos − y 2  M1A1
4  4 
 π 
f–1 : x → cos  − x 2  A1
 4 
π
0≤x≤ A1
4
[8]

16. METHOD 1

a + b − 2 a b cos 
2 2
(a) a −b = M1
= 2 − 2 cos  A1
a + b − 2 a b cos(π −  )
2 2
a+b =
= 2 + 2 cos A1
Note: Accept the use of a, b for |a|, |b|.

9
 (b) 2 + 2 cos = 3 2 − 2 cos M1
4
cos α = A1
5

METHOD 2

(a) |a – b|= 2 sin M1A1
2
π  
|a + b| = 2 sin  −  = 2 cos A1
2 2 2
Note: Accept the use of a, b for |a|, |b|.

 
(b) 2 cos = 6 sin
2 2
 1  9
tan =
 cos 2 = M1
2 3 2 10
 4
cos α = 2 cos2 −1 = A1
2 5
[5]

17. (a) (i) the period is 2 A1

ds
(ii) v= = 2π cos (πt) + 2π cos (2πt) (M1)A1
dt
dv
a= = –2π2 sin (πt) – 4π2 sin (2πt) (M1)A1
dt

10
 (iii) v=0
2π (cos (πt) + cos (2πt)) = 0
EITHER
cos (πt) + 2 cos2 (πt) – 1 = 0 M1
(2 cos (πt) – 1) (cos (πt) + 1) = 0 (A1)
1
cos (πt) = or cos (πt) = –1 A1
2
1
t= ,t=1 A1
3
5 7 11
t = ,t = ,t = t=3 A1
3 3 3
OR
 πt   3πt 
2 cos   cos  =0 M1
2  2 
 πt   3πt 
cos   = 0 or cos =0 A1A1
2  2 
1
t= ,1 A1
3
5 7 11
t = , , 3, A1
3 3 3

(b) P(n) : f(2n)(x) = (–1)n(Aa2n sin (ax) + Bb2n sin (bx))

P(1): f″(x) = (Aa cos (ax) + Bb cos (bx))′ M1
= –Aa2 sin (ax) – Bb2 sin (bx)
= –1(Aa2 sin (ax) + Bb2 sin(bx)) A1
P(1) true
assume that
P(k) : f(2k)(x) = (–1)k [(Aa2k sin (ax) + Bb2k sin (bx)) is true M1
consider P(k + 1)
f(2k+1)(x) = (–1)k (Aa2k+1 cos(ax) + Bb2k+1 cos(bx)) M1A1
f(2k+2) (x) = (–1)k (–Aa2k+2 sin (ax) + Bb2k+2 sin (bx)) A1
= (–1)k+1 (Aa2k+2 sin (ax) + Bb2k+2 sin (bx)) A1
P(k) true implies P(k + 1) true, P(1) true so P(n) true n  +
R1
Note: Award the final R1 only if the previous three M marks have been awarded.
[18]

11
 1
18. (a) area = × BC × AB × sin B (M1)
2
 1 
10 =  5  6  sin B 
 2 
2
sin Bˆ = A1
3

5
(b) cos B = ± (= ±0.7453...) or B = 41.8... and 138.1... (A1)
3
AC2 = BC2 + AB2 – 2 × BC × AB × cos B (M1)
AC = 5 + 6 − 2  5  6  0.7453... or 5 + 6 + 2  5  6  0.7453...
2 2 2 2

AC = 4.03 or 10.28 A1A1

[6]

π
19. (a) –2 = 1 + ksin   M1
6
1
–3 = k A1
2
k = –6 AG N0

(b) METHOD 1
maximum  sin x = –1 M1
3π
a= A1
2
b = 1 – 6(–1)
=7 A1 N2

METHOD 2
y′ = 0 M1
π 3π
k cos x = 0  x = , ,...
2 2
3π
a= A1
2
b = 1 – 6(–1)
=7 A1 N2
3π
Note: Award A1A1 for ( , 7)
2
[5]

20. (a) METHOD 1

12
 1 1 1 1
let x = arctan  tan x = and y = arctan  tan y =
2 2 3 3
1 1
+
tan x + tan y
tan (x + y) = = 2 3 =1 M1
1 − tan x tan y 1 1
1− 
2 3
π
so, x + y = arctan 1 = A1AG
4

METHOD 2
 x+ y 
for x, y > 0 , arctan x + arctan y = arctan   if xy < 1 M1
 1 − xy 
 1 1 
 + 
1 1
so, arctan + arctan = arctan  2 3 = π A1AG
2 3  1 1 4
1−  
 2 3

METHOD 3
an appropriate sketch M1
e.g.

π
correct reasoning leading to R1AG
4

13
(b) METHOD 1
π 1 π 1
arctan(2) + arctan(3) = − arctan  + − arctan  (M1)
2  
2 2  3
 1  1 
= π −  arctan  + arctan   (A1)
 2  3 
Note: Only one of the previous two marks may be implied.
π 3π
=π − = A1 N1
4 4

METHOD 2
let x = arctan 2  tan x = 2 and y = arctan 3  tan y = 3
tan x + tan y 2+3
tan (x + y) = = = −1 (M1)
1 − tan x tan y 1 − 2  3
π π π
as  x   accept 0  x  
4 2 2
π π π
and  y   accept 0  y  
4 2 2
π
 x + y  π (accept 0 < x + y < π) (R1)
2
Note: Only one of the previous two marks may be implied.
3π
so, x + y = A1 N1
4

METHOD 3
 x+ y 
for x, y > 0 , arctan x + arctan y = arctan   + π if xy > 1 (M1)
 1 − xy 
 2+3 
so, arctan 2 + arctan 3 = arctan   +π (A1)
1− 2 3 
Note: Only one of the previous two marks may be implied.
3π
= A1 N1
4

14
 METHOD 4
an appropriate sketch M1
e.g.

3π
correct reasoning leading to R1A1
4
[5]

 2 2
21. A= (R – r ) A1
2

B = r2 A1
2
from A: B = 2:1, we have R2 – r2 = 2r2 M1
R = 3r (A1)
hence exact value of the ratio R : r is 3 :1 A1 N0
[5]

22. (a) a reasonable attempt to show either that n2 + n + 1 > 2n + 1 or

n2 + n + 1 > n2 – 1 M1
complete solution to each inequality A1A1

15
 (2n + 1) 2 + (n 2 − 1) 2 − (n 2 + n + 1) 2
(b) cos θ = M1A1
2(2n + 1)(n 2 − 1)
− 2n 3 − n 2 + 2 n + 1
= M1
2(2n + 1)(n 2 − 1)
(n − 1)(n + 1)(2n + 1)
= − A1
2(2n + 1)(n 2 − 1)
1
= − A1
2
θ = 120° AG
[8]

23. (a) PQ = 50 and non-intersecting R1

(b) a construction QT (where T is on the radius MP), parallel to MN,

so that QT̂M = 90° (angle between tangent and radius = 90°) M1
lengths 50, x – 10 and angle θ marked on a diagram, or equivalent R1
Note: Other construction lines are possible.

(c) (i) MN = 50 2 − ( x − 10) 2 A1

(ii) maximum for MN occurs when x = 10 A1

(d) (i) α = 2π – 2θ M1
 x − 10 
= 2π – 2 arccos   A1
 50 

(ii) β = 2π – α (= 2θ) A1
  x − 10  
= 2 cos −1    A1
  50  

(e) (i) b(x) = xα + 10β + 2 50 2 − ( x − 10) 2 A1A1A1

   x − 10     −1  x − 10  
= x 2π − 2 cos −1     + 20 cos    + 2 50 − ( x − 10)
2 2

   50    50 
M1A1

16
 (ii) maximum value of perimeter = 276 A2

(iii) perimeter of 200 cm b (x) = 200 (M1)

when x = 21.2 A1
[18]

24. (a)

A3
Note: Award A1 for each correct shape,
A1 for correct relative position.

(b) e–x sin (4x) = 0 (M1)

sin (4x) = 0 A1
4x = 0, π, 2π, 3π, 4π, 5π A1
π 2π 3π 4π 5π
x = 0, , , , , AG
4 4 4 4 4

(c) e–x = e–x sin (4x) or reference to graph

sin 4x = 1 M1
π 5π 9 π
4x = , , A1
4 2 2
π 5π 9 π
x= , , A1 N3
8 8 8

17
 (d) (i) y = e–x sin 4x
dy
= –e–x sin 4x + 4e–x cos 4x M1A1
dx
y = e–x
dy
= –e–x A1
dx
verifying equality of gradients at one point R1
verifying at the other two R1

dy
(ii) since ≠ 0 at these points they cannot be local maxima R1
dx

(e) (i) maximum when y′ = 4e–x cos 4x – e–x sin 4x = 0 M1

arctan( 4) arctan( 4) + π arctan( 4) + 2π
x= , , , ...
4 4 4
maxima occur at
arctan( 4) arctan( 4) + 2π arctan( 4) + 4π
x= , , A1
4 4 4
1
− (arctan(4))
so y1 = e 4 sin(arctan (4)) (= 0.696) A1
1
− (arctan(4) + 2 π )
y2 = e 4 sin(arctan (4) + 2π) A1
 − (arctan(4) + 2 π )
1

= e 4 sin(arctan(4)) = 0.145
 
 
1
− (arctan(4) + 4 π )
y3 = e 4 sin(arctan (4) + 4π) A1
 − (arctan(4) + 4 π )
1

= e 4 sin(arctan(4)) = 0.0301 N3
 
 

y3 y
(ii) for finding and comparing and 2 M1
y2 y1
π
−
r= e 2 A1
Note: Exact values must be used to gain the M1 and the A1.
[22]

25. (a) shaded area = area of triangle – area of sector, i.e. (M1)
1 2  1 2 
  4 sin x  −  2 x  = 8 sin x – 2x A1A1AG
2  2 

(b) EITHER
any method from GDC gaining x ≈ 1.32 (M1)(A1)
maximum value for given domain is 5.11 A2

18
 OR
dA
= 8cosx – 2 A1
dx
dA
set = 0, hence 8 cos x – 2 = 0 M1
dx
1
cos x =  x ≈ 1.32 A1
4
hence Amax = 5.11 A1
[7]

9 12
26. = (M1)
sin C sin B

9 12
= A1
sin C sin 2C

9 12
Using double angle formula = M1
sin C 2 sin C cos C

 9(2 sin C cos C) = 12 sin C

 6 sin C (3 cos C − 2) = 0 or equivalent (A1)
(sin C  0)
2
 cos C = A1
3
[5]

19
27. METHOD 1
AC = 5 and AB = 13 (may be seen on diagram) (A1)
3 4
cos α = and sin α = (A1)
5 5
3 2
cos β = and sin β = (A1)
13 13
Note: If only the two cosines are correctly given award (A1)(A1)(A0).
Use of cos ( −  ) = cos  cos  + sin  sin  (M1)
3 3 4 2
=  +  (substituting) M1
5 13 5 13

17  17 13 
= =  A1 N1
5 13  65 

METHOD 2
AC = 5 and AB = 13 (may be seen on diagram) (A1)

AC 2 + AB 2 − BC 2
Use of cos ( + ) = (M1)
2(AC )(AB )

25 + 13 − 36  1 
=  =  A1
2  5  13  5 13 
Use of cos ( + ) + cos ( − ) = 2 cos  cos  (M1)
3 3
cos α = and cos β = (A1)
5 13

 1   17 13 
cos (α − β ) =
17 3 3
 = 2   −  = A1 N1
5 13  5 13 5 13   65 
[6]

20
  πx 
28. 10 cm water depth corresponds to 16 sec   − 32 = − 6 (A1)
 36 
 πx 
Rearranging to obtain an equation of the form sec   = k or
 36 
equivalent
ie making a trignometrical function the subject of the equation. M1
 πx  8
cos   = (A1)
 36  13
πx 8
=  arccos M1
36 13
36 8
x= arccos A1
π 13
Note: Do not penalize the omission of .
72 8
Width of water surface is arccos (cm) R1 N1
π 13
Note: Candidate who starts with 10 instead of −6 has the potential
to gain the two M1 marks and the R1 mark.
[6]

29. (a) y = arccos (1.2 − cos x) A1

y = arcsin (1.4 − sin x) A1

(b) The solutions are

x = 1.26, y = 0.464 A1A1
x = 0.464, y = 1.26 A1A1
[6]

21
 (M1)
=
25 + 13 − 36  1  3 3
 =  cos α = cos β =
2  5  13  5 13  5 13
17  1   17 13 
cos (α − β ) =
3 3
 = 2   −  = (sin + i (1 − cos))2 = sin2 − (1 −
5 13  5 13 5 13    65  
30.
cos)2 + i 2 sin (1 − cos) M1A1
Let  be the required argument.
2 sin θ (1 − cos θ )
tan = M1
sin 2 θ − (1 − cos θ )
2

2 sin θ (1 − cos θ )
(1 − cos θ )− (1 − 2 cos θ + cos θ )
= 2 2
(M1)

2 sin θ (1 − cos θ )
= A1
2 cos θ (1 − cos θ )

= tan A1
= A1
[7]

31. (a) CD = AC − AD = b − c cos A R1AG

(b) METHOD 1
BC2 = BD2 + CD2 (M1)
a2 = (c sin A)2 + (b − c cos A)2 (A1)
= c2 sin2 A + b2 − 2bc cos A + c2 cos2 A A1
= b2 + c2 − 2bc cos A A1
METHOD 2
BD2 = AB2 − AD2 = BC2 − CD2 (M1)(A1)
 c2 − c2 cos2 A = a2 − b2 + 2bc cos A − c2 cos2 A A1
 a2 = b2 + c2 − 2bc cos A A1

22
 (c) METHOD 1
b2 = a2 + c2 − 2ac cos 60  b2 = a2 + c2 − ac (M1)A1
 c2 − ac + a2 − b2 = 0 M1

a (− a )2 − 4(a 2 − b 2 )
c= (M1)A1
2

a  4b 2 − 3a 2 a 4b 2 − 3a 2
= =  (M1)A1
2 2 4

1 3
= a  b2 − a2 AG
2 4
Note: Candidates can only obtain a maximum of the first
three marks if they verify that the answer given in
the question satisfies the equation.

METHOD 2
b2 = a2 + c2 − 2ac cos 60  b2 = a2 + c2 − ac (M1)A1
c2 − ac = b2 − a2 (M1)
2 2
a a
c2 − ac +   = b 2 − a 2 +   M1A1
2 2
2
 a 3 2
c −  =b − a
2
(A1)
 2 4

a 3
c − =  b2 − a2 A1
2 4

1 3
 c = a  b2 − a2 AG
2 4
[12]

32. PR = h tan 55, QR = h tan 50 where RS = h M1A1A1

Use the cosine rule in triangle PQR. (M1)
202 = h2 tan2 55 + h2 tan2 50 − 2h tan 55 h tan 50 cos 45 A1
400
h2 = (A1)
tan 55 + tan 50 − 2 tan 55 tan 50 cos 45
2 2

= 379.9... (A1)
h = 19.5 (m) A1
[8]

πt
33. (a) Either finding depths graphically, using sin = 1
6

23
 or solving h(t) = 0 for t (M1)
h (t)max = 12 (m), h (t)min = 4 (m) A1A1 N3

πt
(b) Attempting to solve 8 + 4 sin = 8 algebraically or graphically (M1)
6
t [0, 6]  [12, 18]  {24} A1A1 N3
[6]

34. METHOD 1
Attempting to use the cosine rule i.e.
BC2 = AB2 + AC2 − 2  AB  AC  cos BÂC (M1)
62 = 8.752 + AC2 − 2  8.75  AC  cos 37.8 (or equivalent) A1
Attempting to solve the quadratic in AC e.g. graphically, numerically or
with quadratic formula M1A1
Evidence from a sketch graph or their quadratic formula (AC =…)
that there are two values of AC to determine. (A1)
AC = 9.60 or AC = 4.22 A1A1 N4
Note: Award (M1)A1M1A1(A0)A1A0 for one correct value of AC.

24
 METHOD 2
BC AB
Attempting to use the sine rule i.e. = (M1)
sin BÂC sin AĈB
8.75 sin 37.8
sin C = (= 0.8938...) (A1)
6
C = 63.3576...  A1
C = 116.6423...  and B = 78.842...  or B = 25.5576...  A1
EITHER
AC 6
Attempting to solve = or
sin 78.842... sin 37.8
AC 6
= M1
sin 25.5576... sin 37.8
OR
Attempting to solve AC2 = 8.752 + 62 − 2  8.75  6  cos 25.5576... or
AC2 = 8.752 + 62 − 2  8.75  6  cos 78.842...  M1
AC = 9.60 or AC = 4.22 A1A1 N4
Note: Award (M1)(A1)A1A0M1A1A0 for one correct value of AC.
[7]

35. (a)

A2
Note: Award A1 for shape.
A1 for scales given on each axis.

25
(b)

A5
π
Asymptotes x = 0, x = , x = π
2
 3π  π 
Max  ,−1, Min , 1
 4  4 
Note: Award A1 for shape
A2 for asymptotes, A1 for one error, A0 otherwise.
A1 for max.
A1 for min.

sin x cos x
(c) tanx + cot x ≡ + M1
cos x sin x
sin 2 x + cos 2 x
≡ A1
sin x cos x
1
≡ A1
1
sin 2 x
2
≡ 2 csc 2x AG

(d) tan 2x + cot 2x ≡ 2 csc 4x (M1)

 3π 
Max is at  , − 2  A1A1
 2 
 π 
Min is at  , 2  A1A1
 8 

26
 (e) csc 2x = 1.5 tan x – 0.5
1 1 3 1
tan x + cot x = tan x − M1
2 2 2 2
tan x + cot x = 3 tan x – 1
1
2 tan x – –1=0 M1
tan x
2 tan2 x – tan x – 1 = 0 A1
(2 tan x + 1)(tan x – 1) = 0 M1
1
tan x = – or 1 A1
2
π
x= A1
4
Note: Award A0 for answer in degrees or if more than one value given for x.
[21]

sin B sin 35

36. = M1
6 .5 4
B̂ = 68.8° or 111° A1A1
Ĉ = 76.2° or 33.8° (accept 34°) A1
AB BC
=
sinC sinA
AB 4
= (M1)
sin76.2 sin 35
AB = 6.77 cm
AB 4
= A1
sin33.8 sin 35
AB = 3.88cm (accept 3.90) A1
[7]

37. 2 sin x cos x – 2 cos x = 0 (M1)

cos x (2 sin x – 2 ) = 0 (A1)
2
cos x = 0 sin x = A1
2
π π 3π
x= x= , A1A1A1
2 4 4
[6]

5
38. (a) sin B = A1
13

27
 12
(b) cos B = − A1
13

(c) sin 2B = 2sin B cos B (M1)

5 12
=2× −
13 13
120
= − A1
169

(d) cos2B = 2cos2 B – 1 (M1)

 144 
= 2  −1
 169 
119
= A1
169
[6]

2 tan 
39. Using tan 2θ = (M1)
1 − tan 2 
2 tan  3
=
1 − tan  4
2

3 tan2 θ + 8 tan θ – 3 = 0 A1
Using factorisation or the quadratic formula (M1)
1
tan θ = or –3 A1A1
3
[5]

1
40. (a) 4(1 – 2s2) – 3s +6=0 M1A1
s3
4s2 – 8s4 + 6s2 – 3 = 0 A1
8s4 – 10s2 + 3 = 0 AG

28
 (b) Attempt to factorise or use the quadratic formula (M1)
1 3
sin2 x = or sin2 x = (A1)
2 4
2 π 3π
sin x =  x = or x = A1A1
2 4 4
3 π 2π
sin x =  x = or x = A1A1
2 3 3
Note: Penalise A1 if extraneous solutions given.
[9]

41. (a) sinx cos α – cosx sin α = k sin x cos α + k cos x sin α (M1)
 tan x cos α – sin α = k tan x cos α + k sin α M1
− (k + 1) sin   − (k + 1) 
 tan x =  = tan   A1
(k − 1) cos   (k − 1) 

3
− sin 210
(b) tan x = 2 (M1)
1
− cos 210
2
1 3
Now sin 210° = –sin 30° = − and cos 210° = –cos 30° = − A1A1
2 2
1
3 −
tan x = 2 = 3 2 = 3 = 3 A1
3 2 3 3
−
2
 x = 60°, 240° A1A1
[9]

42. 2 tan2 θ – 5 sec θ – 10 = 0

Using 1 + tan2 θ = sec2 θ,  2(sec2 θ – 1) – 5 sec θ – 10 = 0 (M1)
2 sec2 θ – 5 sec θ – 12 = 0 A1
Solving the equation e.g. (2 sec θ + 3)(sec θ – 4) = 0 (M1)
3
sec θ = − or sec θ = 4 A1
2
θ in second quadrant  sec θ is negative (R1)
3
 sec θ = − A1 N3
2
[6]

43. (a)

29
 (M1)
2 2 2
(x + 2) = (x – 2) + x – 2(x – 2) xcos120° M1A1
x2 + 4x + 4 = x2 – 4x + 4 + x2 + x2 – 2x (M1)
0 = 2x2 – 10x A1
0 = x(x – 5)
x=5 A1

1
(b) Area = × 5 × 3 × sin 120° M1A1
2
1 3
= 15  A1
2 2
15 3
= AG
4

3
(c) sin A =
2
15 3 1 3 3
= × 5 × 7 × sin B  sin B = M1A1
4 2 14
5 3
Similarly sin C = A1
14
15 3
sin A + sin B + sin C = A1
14
[13]

30
44.

(a) Using the cosine rule (a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A) (M1)

Substituting correctly
BC2 = 652 + 1042 – 2 (65) (104) cos 60° A1
= 4225 + 10 816 – 6760 = 8281
 BC = 91m A1 N2

1
(b) Finding the area using = bc sin A (M1)
2
1
Substituting correctly, area = (65) (104) sin 60° A1
2
= 1690 3 (accept p = 1690) A1 N2

1
(c) (i) Smaller area A1 =   (65) (x)sin 30° (M1)A1
2
65x
= AG N0
4
1
Larger area A2 =   (104) (x) sin 30° M1
2
= 26x A1 N1

31
 (ii) Using A1 + A2 = A (M1)
65x
Substituting + 26 x = 1690 3 A1
4
169x
Simplifying = 1690 3 A1
4
41690 3
Solving x =
169
 x = 40 3 (accept q = 40) A1 N1

(d) Using sin rule in ∆ADB and ∆ACD (M1)

BD 65 BD sin 30
Substituting correctly =  = A1
sin30 sinAD̂B 65 sin AD̂B
DC 104 DC sin 30
and =  = A1
sin30 sin AD̂C 104 sin AD̂C
Since AD̂B + AD̂C = 180° R1
It follows that sin AD̂B = sinAD̂C R1
BD DC BD 65
=  = A1
65 104 DC 104
BD 5
 = AG N0
DC 8
[20]

32