Women in business

0 Consider the importance of women in business

0 Discuss attitudes towards women in business today

Le ad-in
• What is the ratio of males to females in your business school or place of
work?
• If you are in col lege, what is the ratio of male to female t eachers or
professors?
• If you are in work, how many fe male managers are there, especially at higher
levels in the organization?
• Why do you think this is?

Listening 1: Women in business- a strategie issue (l) IJID

Alison Maitland is the co-author, with Avivah Wittenberg-Cox, of Why
Women Mean Business: Understanding the Emergence of our Next
Economie Revolution. Li sten to her talking about women in business,
and answer the questions.
1 Wh at two reasons does Alison Maitland give for saying that the proportion of
women in business is a strategie business issue and not a women's issue?
2 What does she mean by 'talent pool'?

Listening 2: Women in business- a strategie issue (2) 1J1D

Alison Maitland
Listen to the next part of the interview, where Alison Maitland gives
a third very good reason why companies should have a number of
women directors or senior managers. What is it?
WHY WOMEN
MEAN BUSINESS
Vocabulary UNDERSTANDING THE EMERGENCE OF DUR
NEXT ECDNOMIC REVO LUTION
Match the following words and expressions, used by Alison Maitland,
with their definitions.
1 critical mass A doing better than ot hers, financially (~)(1![) (~)
2 leadership ranks
B the ability to make a good return on capital
invested in the business
(~) {+) (i)
3 outperforming
C the amou nt of money a company earns on t he (i_) (~)(0
investment of its shareholders
D the number of people needed to start and
4 profitability
sustain a change ·\\.' ! V AH \',' 1 TT ~,J r; [ P (; C0 \
,.-, /•. l_ 1 S C ~i M '\ 1 i :, ~i [)
5 return on equity E top levels of management

38 Unit 6 Women m busmess


Discussion: The importance of women in business
• What do the figures about consumer spending decisions
made by women (80% in the US, 66% of car purchases in Japan)
tell you? What is the situation in your country?
• Why do you think that (according to research studies)
companies with more than 30% of women on the board of
directors or in senior management are so much more profitable
than companies without?
Reading: You're fired!
Read this extract from an article in the British newspaper
The Guardian, and answer the questions on the next page.
You're fired!
Imagine you're one of the 13 men
on the ail-male board of a large
company and are told five of you
m ust go to be replaced by women.
Unlikely? Not in Norway, where
they're enforcing a law that 40%
of directors must be female.
Yvonne Roberts
Rolf Dammann, the co-owner of a Norwegian bank,
recently had his skiing holiday interrupted by sorne
unwelcome news. The government had published a list
of 12 companies accused of breaking the law by fa iling
to appoint women to 40% of the ir non-executive board
directorships. His company, Netfonds Holding ASA,
was one of the dirty dozen - attracting international
attention.
'1 wurk in a man's world. 1 don't come across many
women and that's the challenge,' Dammann says. 'T he
law says a non-executive director has to be experienced,
and experience is difficult to find in women in my
sector. People have had to sack board members they've
worked with and trusted for 2 0 or 30 years, and replace
them w ith someone unknown. That's hard.'
This month, Norway set a new global record. lt
Management
"/ j eellike a man trapped in a woman j· salai)'· "
© T he New Yorker
now has, at 40%, the highest proportion of female
non-executive directors in the world, an ach ievement
engineered by the introduction of a compulsory
quota. Two years ago, after severa! years of voluntary
compliance had failed to lead to a sufficient number
of female board members, 463 'ASAs' - publicly listed
companies over a certain size - were told to change the
composition of the ir boards or risk dissolution.
'A woman cornes in, a man goes out. That's how
t he quota works; that's the law,' says Kjell Erik 0 ie,
deputy minister of children and equality, in the centre-
left ' Red-Green' coalition government in Oslo. 'Very
seldom do men let go of power easily. But when you
start using the ha lf of the talent you have previously
ignored, then everybody gains.'
ln 2002, only 7.1% of non-executive directors of
ASAs were female. [...] Business leaders argued th at
experienced senior women were impossible to find,
especially in t he oil, technology and gas industries.
' l'rn a responsible man,' one CEO told me in Oslo
last week. '1 have a duty to do the best I can for our
shareholders. l've been forced to appoint two women
whom I know are apprentices. Give t hem ten years
and l'cl be happy to have them on the board; not
now.' [...]
Dammann appointed his two women last June, after
what he says was a six-month 'time-consuming' search.
He is not a convert to the quota, though.
' I think people w ill still go to those they have
trusted for years, whom they have had to remove
from the board,' he says. 'So there will now be a formai
and informai system, and that cannot be good for
accountability.' [...]
Women m busmess Unit 6 39
 Comprehension
What is t he new Norwegian law?
2 What reasons does Rolf Dammann give for not having complied with the new law?
3 What does the CEO say about the two women he has had to appoint as directors?
4 What does Dam mann say will happen as a consequence of the new law?

Vocabulary
Find words in the article that mean the following:
1 meet or find unexpectedly or by accident
2 required, obligatory, necessary according to the law
3 an officially imposed number or quantity
4 done by choice, without legal obligation
5 obeying laws or regu lations
6 the ending or termina tion of an organization
7 trainees, people still learning their job
8 someone who changes their beliefs
9 being officially responsible for something

Discussion: Compulsory quotas

• What do you think about 'affirmative action' -the imposition of compulsory
quotas concerning the number of women board members?
• How far do you think affirmative action could also be used for executive board
members, and at lower levels in a company?
• Should business schools and universities have quotas for female staff and
students, or members of ethnie minorities?

Questionnaire: Ways of thinking

Complete the questionnaire opposite about attitudes to job interviews and jobs,
and then compare your answers in pairs or groups.
• Which of these statements are (more or less) true for you?
• Do you think any of these statements reflect mainly masculine or feminine
ways of thin king?

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 Management

1 Yes 1 No 1 Men 1 Women

l'd apply for a job if 1t hought 1covered about 60% of the
requirements.
2 l'd only apply for a job if 1thought 1covered 100% of the
requirements.
3 l'd always try to negotiate my salary at a job interview.
4 l'd accept the sa lary offered at a job interview.
5 At a job interview, l'd ask: 'What can your company do for my
ca reer?'
6 At an interview, l'd try to show why 1deserved t he job and what
1cou id do for the company.
7 l'd lie at a job interview, e.g. about whether l'd be prepared to
move abroad in the future.
8 1wouldn't tell lies at a job interview.
9 If 1do a good job, 1will be noticed, promoted and rewarded.
10 l'd be happy to say that my success is aiso due to my
colleagues, or even to good luck.
11 Doing a good job is not enough; you have to spend a lot of ti me
telling other people what a good job you're doing.
12 1 prefer relationships between equals to a strict hierarchy.
13 Hierarchies are necessary, and people obviously want to climb
towards the top.
14 l'd accept a promotion even if 1didn't think 1was totally rea dy
for it.
15 If l'm going to succeed and be promoted, someone else will
have to !ose.
16 1like to use war metaphors (ready for battle, attack
competit ors, fight for cust omers, change tactics, etc.). . ...
17 1prefer direct, powerfullanguage ('1 need you to do this
immediately'; 'Come and see me at 11 ') .
18 1prefer indirect language ('Sorry, but perhaps you could do it
now'; 'Could you come to my office at 11, please?') .

Role play: Do we need more women managers?

The CEO of a large consumer-goods company is worried about the small number
of women in senior management positions in the company. He/she has ca lied
a meeting of the non-executive directors to discuss what can be done about
this. These are people with a long experience in business who oversee the
management of the company.
Your teacher will give you a role.

Writing
Write a short memo or email (1 00-150 words) that explains the purpose of the
meeting and summarizes the ideas that the CEO thought were the best.

Women m busmess Unit 6 41