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Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road)

WEIGHTED ASSESSMENT 2
23 APRIL 2024
SECONDARY ONE
G2
HISTORY
45 MINS

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Name, Class and Index Number in the box provided at the top of this page.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
Answer all questions in Section A and ONE question in Section B in the spaces provided.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This question paper consists of 8 printed pages including this cover page.
 Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road)

Section A: Source-Based Question (15 marks)

Study the sources and the questions carefully, and then answer all questions.

For each question, you should use the source indicated to help you answer the question. In
answering the questions, you should also use your knowledge of the topic to help you
understand and analyse the sources.
The Coming of the Europeans to Southeast Asia

Source A: Adapted from an account of Dutch actions in the Spice Islands published in
2021.

Nutmeg was a highly popular spice in Europe. Nutmeg that cost a penny in Asian markets
was 480 times more expensive in London. Nutmeg was found only in Indonesia, which was
ruled by the Dutch. The Dutch established a strict policy of protection, which included
banning the export of trees, soaking the nutmeg in chemicals to render it infertile* before
selling. The Dutch also imposed the death penalty on those caught stealing, growing, or
selling nutmeg.
When the local inhabitants rebelled against the rules, the company head ordered a mass
murder. The Dutch killed every male over the age of 15. Village leaders were beheaded, and
their heads were placed on poles outside villages.
*not able to produce young

1 (a) Study Source A.

What can you infer about the spice trade? Explain your answer.
. [5]

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Source B: A Portuguese map of Melaka in the 1500s after the Portuguese defeated the
Melaka Sultanate, which was a Muslim Kingdom.

Church

1 (b) Study Source B.

What can you infer about the Portuguese in Melaka during the 1500s?
Explain your answer. [5]

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Source C: Adapted from an account of Dutch involvement in Southeast Asia in the

1600s, published in 2009.

The Dutch set out to make military alliances and treaties of friendship with the rulers of
Southeast Asian kingdoms. These treaties often included agreements to supply spices
only to the Dutch. The Dutch understood not all kingdoms wanted their assistance. Hence,
the Dutch did not meddle in the affairs of militarily strong kingdoms such as Aceh and of
course, China. Instead, they identified kingdoms that had trading importance but were
politically weak and unstable like the Johor Sultanate.

1 (c) Study Source C.

What can you learn from the source about the Dutch in Southeast Asia?
Explain your answer. [5]

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Source B: Structured Questions (10 marks)

Attempt only ONE Question.

2 This question is about Singapore’s connections with the region.

(a) State the 3 places (archaeological and excavation sites) located in

Singapore which uncovered evidence of trade with other countries. [3]

(b) Describe the types of sources that shows Singapore was connected to
the region and the world. [7]

OR

3 This question is about Southeast Asia before the arrival of the

Europeans.

(a) State the 3 ancient empires (besides the Melaka Sultanate) in Southeast
Asia before the Johor Sultanate. [3]

(b) Describe how Singapore was important under the Johor Sultanate in the
17th Century. [7]

OR

4 This question is about the British in Southeast Asia.

(a) State 3 British ports in Southeast Asia after 1824. [3]

(b) Describe the reasons why the British became more involved in Southeast
Asia in the 1800s. [7]

END OF PAPER

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Indicate the question number and parts clearly in your answers.

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SEC 1 G2 SUGGESTED ANSWERS

LORMS

1 (a) Study Source A.

What can you infer about the spice trade? Explain your [5]
answer.

e.g. I can infer that the spice trade was lucrative for the Dutch.
This is seen in the line “Nutmeg that cost a penny in Asian markets was 480 times more
expensive in London.” This shows that the Dutch was able to sell nutmeg at an inflated price
in London earning a large profit.

e.g. I can infer that the locals suffered due to the spice trade. This is seen in the line “When
the local inhabitants rebelled against the rules, the company head ordered a mass murder.
The Dutch killed every male over the age of 15.” This shows that the Dutch prioritised profits
of the spice trade over human life, killing locals for a profit.
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1 (b) Study Source B.

What can you infer about the Portuguese in Melaka during the 1500s? [5]
Explain your answer.

e.g.I can infer that the Portuguese view Melaka as an important port as there are walls
surrounding the entire Melaka city. This will suggest that Melaka is of high importance hence
they need to build high walls around it like a fort to protect it from external threats.

e.g.I can infer that the Portuguese in 1500s were trying to spread Christianity. In the centre
of the Malacca city, I can see that there is a church that is build there with a cross at its roof.
This shows that the Portuguese brought their religion along with them and was showcasing it
to the locals to potentially gain new followers.

1 (c) Study Source C.

What can you learn from the source about the Dutch in Southeast Asia? Explain
your answer.

e.g. I learn that the Dutch wanted control over the spice trade in Southeast Asia. This is
seen in “these treaties often included agreements to supply spices only to the Dutch.”
showing that the Dutch were keen to protect their commercial self-interest in the spice trade.

e.g. I learn that the Dutch are cunning/shrewd in wanting to sign treaties and alliances with
kingdoms in Southeast Asia. This is seen in “the Dutch did not meddle in the affairs of
militarily strong kingdoms such as Aceh and of course, China.” This shows that the Dutch
were shrewd enough not to engage in conflicts that they had low chance of winning.

2(a) State the 3 places (Archaeological and excavation sites) located in Singapore
which uncovered evidence of trade with other countries. [3]

 Old Parliament House

 Empress Place
 Fort Canning Hill

2(b) Describe how Singapore was important under the Johor Sultanate in the 17th
Century [7]

e.g. Textual records show connections between early Singapore and China as the writer,
Wang Dayuan describes in his travels; the communities of natives and Chinese living in the
island, the agricultural activity they conducted as well as the fact that some were pirates.

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This shows that Singapore was among the ports visited by the Chinese travellers in the 14 th
Century.

e.g. Archaeological finds show connections between early Singapore and China as pieces
of Chinese ceramics were discovered at Empress Place. These shards came from bowls,
plates and cups produced in China during he 13-15 th Century. These shards shows
connection to the trade network as different traders bought and sold Chinese ceramics which
were typically trade items.

e.g. Maps show connections between early Singapore and Europe as Manuel Godinho de
Eredia who was a mapmaker who served the King of Spain produced a map of Singapore
drawn in the 1600s which depicts the coastline of Singapore, with some place names similar
to those still being used today. The map shows that Singapore was known to European
travellers in the 16th and 17th century.

e.g. Scientific Data such as tree ring records allow one to understand the patterns of wind
and rain in Asia in the last thousand years. For example, a larger gap between tree rings
indicates that there was plentiful rainfall in a certain year, while a smaller gap suggest
drought had taken place. Tree rings suggest changes in climate that could have impacted
the accessibility of maritime routes and caused famine and drought in the region (such as in
China). Singapore’s trade would have suffered in periods of poor climate.

3(a) State the 3 ancient empires (besides the Melaka Sultanate) in Southeast Asia
before the Johor Sultanate. [3]

 Srivijava
 Siamese Kingdom
 Majapahit

3(b) Describe the types of sources that shows Singapore was connected to the
region and the world [7]

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e.g. Singapore was an important trading centre for the Johor Sultanate. The presence of the
Shahbandar indicates that Singapore could have been an important trading post for the
Johor Sultanate as his duty was to oversee foreign trading communities and issue trading
licenses to foreign traders.

e.g. Singapore was the gateway for a system of trade between Johor and China. A 17 th
century Chinese map depicts shipping routes from the main Chinese port of Quanzhou to
different parts of Asia. One such route is shown leading to Johor. The evidence of Chinese
porcelain from the 17th Century found in the Kallang River suggests that items made in China
were traded in and around Singapore. Similar porcelain was also uncovered in Johor,
therefore Singapore was the gateway for a system of trade that passed from China through
Singapore and down the Johor River.

4(a) State 3 British ports in Southeast Asia after 1824. [3]

 Penang
 Melaka
 Singapore

4(b) Describe the reasons why the British became more involved in Southeast Asia
in the 1800s. [7]
e.g. British became more involved in Southeast Asia due to their interest in the spice trade.
From the 14th Century onwards, spices such as pepper and nutmeg from Asia was as if not
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more valuable than gold in Europe. They were used for cooking, medicinal purposes and
were especially useful for preserving food as refrigeration and artificial preservatives have
not been developed. Due to their high demand for spices, prices rose, and the consumption
of spices was an indicator of one’s wealth. The EIC wanted a share of the flourishing trade in
Southeast Asia and hence the British began to compete with others for the control of the
spice trade.

e.g. British became more involved in Southeast Asia to protect the India-China trade. By the
18th Century, much of India was under the control of the EIC. Trade between India
and China had become the EIC’s major source of income. The EIC exported cotton
and opium from India in exchange for tea, silk and porcelain from China which was
highly sought after at that time. To protect its profitable trade, Britain needed to
control the Straits of Melaka and the waters surrounding Singapore, which linked the
Indian Ocean with the South China Sea. However, at the start of the 1800s, these
were controlled by the Dutch and the EIC were confined to Bencoolen. Therefore
there was a need to find places in Southeast Asia that were free from Dutch control.

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