GAS TURBINE OPERATION SEQUENCE AND PROCEDURE

1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................. 2
1.1. FOREWORD.....................................................................................................................2
1.2. OPERATING SEQUENCES ...............................................................................................2
1.3. SCREEN SHOTS..............................................................................................................2
2. OPERATOR RESPONSIBILITY ...........................................................................................................................3
3. COOLDOWN OPERATION .....................................................................................................................................3
3.1. INITIAL CONDITIONS ........................................................................................................3
3.2. SEQUENCES....................................................................................................................4
3.3. FINAL CONDITIONS ..........................................................................................................5
4. NORMAL START-UP ...............................................................................................................................................6
4.1. INITIAL CONDITIONS ........................................................................................................ 6
4.2. SEQUENCES.....................................................................................................................7
4.3. FINAL CONDITIONS ........................................................................................................ 10
5. SYNCHRONIZING ...........................................................................................................................................11
5.1. INITIAL CONDITIONS ...................................................................................................... 11
5.2. SEQUENCES...................................................................................................................12
5.3. FINAL CONDITIONS ........................................................................................................ 12
6. LOAD PICK UP .................................................................................................................................................... 13
6.1. INITIAL CONDITIONS ...................................................................................................... 13
6.2. SEQUENCES...................................................................................................................14
6.3. FINAL CONDITIONS ........................................................................................................ 15
7. LEAD MOTORS.................................................................................................................................................. 16
7.1. INITIAL CONDITIONS ...................................................................................................... 16
7.2. SEQUENCES...................................................................................................................16
7.3. FINAL CONDITIONS ........................................................................................................ 17
8. NORMAL SHUTDOWN ......................................................................................................................................... 18
8.1. INITIAL CONDITIONS ...................................................................................................... 18
8.2. SEQUENCES...................................................................................................................18
8.3. FINAL CONDITIONS ........................................................................................................ 19
9. EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN .............................................................................................................................. 20
9.1. INITIAL CONDITIONS ...................................................................................................... 20
9.2. SEQUENCES.................................................................................................................. 20
9.3. FINAL CONDITIONS ........................................................................................................ 20

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OPERATION PROCEDURE
1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. FOREWORD

After on-site installation, the first commissioning of the gas turbine is carried out with the
participation of General Electric Engineers and according to the specific commissioning
procedures.
The present document, which relates to the operation of the gas turbine, only addresses
the normal operating procedures.
Each technical intervention on the gas turbine must be backed up by a work permit.
Strict adherence to the work permit procedures guarantees the safety of the personnel as
well as observance of the initial functional configuration of equipments.

1.2. OPERATING SEQUENCES

The sequences described in the tables below includes initial conditions, sequences and
final conditions. The sequences are represented in four columns:
• The first column, titled Input, lists the manually initiated actions and significant
thresholds in sequences execution.
• The second column describes the main events.
• The third column, titled Output, lists the principal motors.
• The last column, title Status, specifies the status of the relevant component or
sequence :
0 means that the motor stops.
1 means that the motor starts.
2min means that the sequence lasts 2 minutes.

1.3. SCREEN SHOTS

The screen shots included in this document are carried out without equipment of control
connected to the gas turbine. The posted physical values are thus not representative of
operating parameters .
Example: -18°C for the exhaust temperature.
These sights only facilitate the understanding of the text.

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OPERATION PROCEDURE
2. OPERATOR RESPONSIBILITY

The operator is a person, authorised by his employer, who is familiar with the operation of
a turbo-generator used for electrical power generation.
His role consists in conducting the installation in accordance with the relevant operational,
system and personal safety procedures.

3. COOLDOWN OPERATION

3.1. INITIAL CONDITIONS

This operation consists of starting the shaft turning gear after a complete shutdown of the
gas turbine.
The initial conditions are as follows :
• No works in progress on the gas turbine , no work permit opened.
• Shaft at complete standstill.
• Control cabinets energized and operational.
• Power equipment available and operational.
• Fluids available with the correct levels.
• No unjustified alarms.
• Fire detection and protection are operational.
• Availability of fuel is not required if the machine is not to be fired.

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 OPERATION PROCEDURE

3.2. SEQUENCES
 Input Description Output State
Cooldown The cooldown is selected.
Control :On
Master control : The visual alarms on the turbine compartment blink to Blinking
Start indicate the imminent start-up of the gas turbine. duration
The auxiliary oil pump starts, the oil pressure builds up. 88QA 1
The generator lift oil pumps start. 88QB 1
The drive motor of the torque converter blades puts the
converter in the maximum torque position.
One cooling water pump starts. 88WC 1
The starting motor starts. 88CR 1
14HR The shaft rotates, the "zero speed" signal detects the
start of rotation.
14HP The shaft speed reaches a point where it can be 88CR 0
maintained by the turning motor. (152 RPM @ 5.0%)
The turning motor is active. (99 RPM @ 3.3%) 88TG 1
The drive motor of the torque converter blades puts the
converter in the turning torque position. (45O or 47O )
Turbine at turning speed.

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OPERATION PROCEDURE

3.3. FINAL CONDITIONS

The shaft line rotates at low speed and the gas turbine is available for start-up.
De-selection of the turning gear will stop the shaft line turning sequence if the turbine is
cold.
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OPERATION PROCEDURE

4. NORMAL START-UP

4.1. INITIAL CONDITIONS

This operation consists in starting up the gas turbine from standstill or from turning gear
speed to nominal speed.

The initial conditions are as follows :

• No works in progress on the gas turbine, no work permit opened.
• Shaft line at standstill or at turning gear speed.
• No alarm on the control cabinets.
• Fire detection and protection operational.
• Control cabinets energized and operational.
• Power equipment available and operational.
• Fluids available with the correct levels.
• Fuel available.
• Start-up permissive green status.
• Power grid available if the machine is started up for electrical power supply or steam
production.

If the shaft is already in turning gear sequence, as soon as start command is initiated, the
turning gear motor stops, the starting motor starts and the sequence proceeds as
described below.
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OPERATION PROCEDURE

4.2. SEQUENCES
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OPERATION PROCEDURE
 Input Description Output State
Mode Select : The automatic mode is selected.
Auto
Start command The visual alarms on the turbine compartment blink to Blinking
indicate the imminent start of the following components : duration
The emergency lube oil pump proceed to test sequence. 88QE 1/0
The gas compartment ventilation is running. 88VL 1
The auxiliary oil pump starts, the oil pressure builds up. 88QA 1
The oil mist eliminator fan starts. 88QV 1
The generator lift oil pumps start. 88QB 1
The drive motor of the torque converter blades puts the
converter in the maximum torque position. (67O )
The high pressure oil pump starts. 88HQ 1
One cooling water pump starts. 88WC 1
The starting motor starts. 88CR 1
14HR The shaft starts, the "zero speed" signal detects start of
rotation.
14HT The leak test is activated. 850 RPM 28%
14HM The shaft speed reaches the firing threshold.
The drive motor of the torque converter blades puts the
converter in the minimum torque position.
The turbine compartment ventilation is active. 88BT 1
The exhaust duct purge cycle is activated,
for Simple cycle. 1 min
The turbine speed decreases to reach firing speed 360 RPM 12%
The firing sequence is activated.
The firing transformers are energised.
The fuel valves open.
28FD Presence of flame is detected in the combustion 28FD 1
chambers.
The ventilation of the load compartment is active. 88VG 1
After firing, the fuel flow is maintained at its warm up
value for one minute.
The fuel flow gradually increases to accelerate the shaft.
The generator lift pump stops. 88QB 0
14HA The "acceleration" speed threshold is reached.
14HC The self-sustaining speed threshold is reached. 1800% 60%
The starting motor stops. 88CR 0
 14HS The auxiliary oil pump stops. 88QA 0

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OPERATION PROCEDURE

The high pressure oil pump stops. 88HQ 0

The first cooling fan of the exhaust frame starts. 88TK1 1
The second fan starts a few seconds after the first. 88TK2 1
The generator is excited. 95% 2850 RPM
Turbine at nominal speed.

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OPERATION PROCEDURE

4.3. FINAL CONDITIONS

Lubrication of the shaft line is ensured by the shaft driven oil pump.
Gas turbine is at nominal speed, generator excited at nominal voltage, turbo-generator set
ready to be synchronized to the grid for electrical power supply.
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OPERATION PROCEDURE

5. SYNCHRONIZING

5.1. INITIAL CONDITIONS

This operation consists in synchronizing the turbo-generator set to the grid for electrical
power generation.

The initial conditions are as follows:

• Turbine at nominal speed.
• Generator excited at nominal voltage.
• Grid available.

Manual synchronizing is allowed if the following conditions are fulfilled:

• Identical generator and grid voltages.
• Identical generator and grid frequencies.
• Identical phase.
Manual operation is the responsibility of the operator. Automatic synchronizing process is
to be preferred.

RESYNC push button has the same function as automatic synchronizing. It must be used
to allow automatic re-synchronizing.
 Input Description Output State
Sync Control : The Speedtronic adjust the speed of the unit and the
AUTO SYNC generator voltage.
The generator circuit breaker closes automatically.

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OPERATION PROCEDURE

5.2. SEQUENCES
5.3. FINAL CONDITIONS

Unit reach spinning reserve load.

Turbo-generator set is operational to produce full electrical power supply.
Generator voltage can be adjusted manually to satisfy the reactive power conditions.

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OPERATION PROCEDURE

6. LOAD PICK UP

6.1. INITIAL CONDITIONS

This operation consists in adjusting the active power.

The initial conditions are as follows:

• Turbo-generator set synchronized to the grid.
• Grid available for loading.
• Compressor bleed valves (VA2-1, 2, 3 &4) close @ load ≥10MW.

The operator can choose one of the following loading modes:

Preselect Load: The load reaches a preselected power according to a loading slope
defined by the Speedtronic.
Action on + / - Speed push buttons cancels Preselect mode selection.
Base Load: The load increase until the base load is reached according to a loading slope
defined by the Speedtronic.
Action on + / - Speed push buttons cancels Base mode selection.
Manual: Action on + / - Speed push buttons allows the operator to adjust the load.

• Click “Grid Code”

 • Click “OFF” button on the “Load Limiter” option menu and click “Ok” to switch off the load
limiter.

• Click “DLN1 SplitLess”.

• Click “Off” button on the “Lean-Lean Base” option menu and click “Ok” to switch off lean-
lean base operation of the gas turbine. This permits the unit to transit to the “Premix steady
state” DLN mode.

• Allow the unit to continue loading.

• Make sure that “Premix Steady State” is attained on the DLN mode.

• Presence of flame @ “Premix Steady State” is detected only in the secondary zone of
combustion chambers numbers (1, 2, 3&14) through the flame detectors (28FD-1S, 2S, 3S
& 14S).

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OPERATION PROCEDURE

• Click “Grid Code”

• Click “PFR on” button on the “Primary frequency control” option menu and click “Ok” to
switch on Primary Frequency Response (PFR).

• PFR ENABLED = 1.

• Make sure the “Variable Droop Control” is switched “ON”

• Make sure the “Variable Droop” set point is 4.0.

• Make sure the “Limited Freq Response” is switched “OFF”.

• Make sure the “governor control” is on “Droop”.

• From the “KV/KVAR control”, click Raise/Lower button to adjust the generator voltage to be
between 14.7kv and 14.8kv.

• The field operator should switch on the unit APU skid and Air Filter Cubicle power supply
breakers in the PEECC. Also make sure that the GSUT and UAST cooling fans are
switched on.

• Inform NCC, GMS and Switchyard that the unit has been synchronized to the grid.

6.2. SEQUENCES
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OPERATION PROCEDURE

6.3. FINAL CONDITIONS

The set generates the power required by the operator.

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OPERATION PROCEDURE

7. LEAD MOTORS

7.1. INITIAL CONDITIONS

Some motors and associated driven components like pumps, fans, boosters, are
redundant and running in a lead/lag philosophy which means that the operating motor is
the “lead” motor, the other been in standby. The operator has the choice to select the
motor to run by #1 Lead or #2 Lead, and to change over to the standby motor at any time,
to balance the running hours. Changeover is manual, or automatic in case of failure of the
active motor.
Auto Rotate : Enable / Disable : if Enable is selected, the automatic change over occurs at
each starting sequence of the gas turbine. If Disable is selected, the lead motor selected
by the operator remain the same at each gas turbine starting up.
 Prior to any manual changeover, check that the relevant motor and associated system are
available.

7.2. SEQUENCES

Input Description Output State

#1 Lead or The operator select the standby motor to become the
#2 Lead “lead” motor.
Confirm select The operator confirm the choice.
The standby motor starts and keeps running. 1
The previous lead motor stops after and become 0
“standby”.

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OPERATION PROCEDURE
7.2.1. MANUAL CHANGE OVER
Suppose two redundant motors and associated driven components M1 and M2. M1 is the
lead motor, M2 is the standby motor. If M1 fails, M2 starts automatically, a corresponding
alarm will inform the operator. The speedtronic logic will keep in memory that M1 is “lead”,
the operator must select “M2 lead” to confirm unavailability of M1.

7.3. FINAL CONDITIONS

7.2.2. Selected motor

AUTOMATIC is active,OVER
CHANGE the other motor has stopped.

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OPERATION PROCEDURE

8. NORMAL SHUTDOWN

8.1. INITIAL CONDITIONS

 This operation consists in shutting down the gas turbine-generator set.

The initial conditions are as follows :

1 - Set synchronized to the grid.
Or
2 - Gas Turbine at full speed no-load.

8.2. SEQUENCES

Input Description Output State

1- Set synchronized to the grid:
Master control : The load drops to the reverse power relay according to
Stop a loading slope defined by the Speedtronic.
The set’s circuit breaker opens.
The compressor bleed valves open.
2-Gas turbine at full speed no-load:
 Deceleration of shaft due to decreased fuel flow.
14HS The auxiliary oil pump starts. (2,835 RPM @ 94.5%) 88QA 1
The high pressure oil pump starts. 88HQ 1
The cooling fans of the exhaust frame stop. 88TK1,2 0
28FD The loss of flames is detected. (900 RPM @ 30%)
The gas leak test is activated.
The selected turbine compartment fan stop during 1 88BT 0
hour.
Bearing lift pump starts. 88QB 1
14HP Turning gear motor starts. (99 RPM @ 3.3%) 88TG 1
The drive motor of the torque converter blades puts
the converter in the turning torque position.
After 1 hour the selected turbine compartment fan 88BT 1 and 0
restarts according to wheelspace temperatures.

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OPERATION PROCEDURE

8.3. FINAL CONDITIONS

The shaft line is rotating at turning gear speed to allow the cooling cycle to be carried out.
Automatic shutdown is forbidden the first hours of cooling.
Starting sequence is possible at any time.

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OPERATION PROCEDURE
9. EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN

9.1. INITIAL CONDITIONS

This manual or automatic operation consists in quickly closing the fuel valve in order to
stop the fuel flow.
This action can be initiated with the gas turbine loaded, starting or in normal shutdown
condition:
• Either by pressing an emergency shutdown pushbutton.
• Or through the operation of an electrical or mechanical protection.

9.2. SEQUENCES

The sequence is similar to a normal shutdown, with instantaneous loss of flame.

An alarm indicates the cause of the fault.

9.3. FINAL CONDITIONS

Gas turbine is at turning gear speed.

It is imperative to eliminate the fault that has caused the emergency shutdown before any
restart of the Gas Turbine.

Name Engr. Kubiat Ekereke Engr. Godwin Okolo

Designation Operation Manager O&M Manager

Signature & Date