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Componentes Simétricas
Componentes Simétricas
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
Componentes simétricas
l Introducción
l Relación entre las componentes simétricas
de cantidades de fase y de línea
l Representación de potencia en
componentes simétricas
l Redes de secuencia
l Circuitos equivalentes
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
1
Componentes simétricas en SEP (1)
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
2
Secuencias en un SEP
l ABC (positiva) Vc
120o
120o Va
120o
Vb Vb
Vc
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
Operador “a”
l a = 1∠120o
vb+ = a 2va+
+ +
(+ )
vc = ava
vb− = ava−
− 2 − (− )
vc = a va
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
3
Funciones del operador “a”
a2+2a 2+a
√3∠150o √3∠30o
2a2+a 2+a2
√3∠210o √3∠-30o
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
4
Componentes simétricas (2)
V b
( 0)
=V a
( 0)
V c
( 0)
=V a
( 0)
5
Componentes simétricas (4)
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
6
Ejemplo: componentes simétricas
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
7
Factor de desbalance
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
1 1 1
A = 1 a 2 a
1 a a 2
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
8
Transformación 012 à ABC
1 1 1
1
B = 1 a a2
3
1 a 2 a
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
Matrices de transformación
1 1 1
A = 1 a 2 a
1 a a 2
1 1 1
1
A −1 = B = 1 a a2
3
1 a 2 a
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
9
Ejemplo ABC à 012 (1)
I = ( I a + I b + I c ) = 182
1
0
a . ∠ − 215 .
3
I a1 = ( I a + aI b + a 2 I c ) = 8.37 ∠ 16.2
1
3
I a2 = ( I a + a 2 I b + aI c ) = 2.81∠ − 36.3
1
3
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
10
Componentes simétricas de línea y de
fase
Va1
Vb1
Vbc1
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
11
Componentes simétricas de línea y de
fase: resumen
V L0 = 0 ß
V L1 = ( 3∠ 30° V 1 )
V L2 =( 3∠ − 30° V 2 ) 1
V1 = ∠ − 30° VL1
3
1
V2 = ∠ 30° V L2
3
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
Ejemplo (1)
Vab = Va − Vb = 120∠ 30
Vbc = Vb − Vc = 120∠ − 30
Vca = Vc − Va = 208∠ 180
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
12
Ejemplo (2)
Vab0 = 0
Vab1 = 13 (Vab + aVbc + a 2Vca ) = 138.6∠ 60
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
Ejemplo (3)
Va1 = 1 ∠ − 30 Vab1 = 80∠ 30
3
Va2 = 1 ∠ 30 Vab2 = 40∠ − 30
3
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
13
Potencia en términos de componentes
simétricas (1)
S = P + jQ = V a I *a + V b I b* + V c I *c
I *a
*
[
S = V a V b V c I b = V tf I *f ]
I*
c
S = ( AV ) t ( AI ) * = V t A t A* I *
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
3
At A* = 3
3
3 I a0*
[
S = Va0 Va1 ]
Va2 3 Ia1* = 3V t I *
3 Ia2*
S = 3(Va0 I a0* + Va1 I a1* + Va2 I a2* )
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
14
Modelos de componentes simétricas
l Máquinas síncronas.
l Transformadores y reactores.
l Cargas.
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
15
Máquinas síncronas (2)
Va0 0 Z0 I a0
1 1
Va = E a − Z1 Ia
Va2 0 Z 2 I a2
l X1 = XS = Xd (o X’d o X’’d)
l X2 = X1, rotor liso o polos salientes con devanados
amortiguadores
l X2 = (1/2)(Xd+Xq), polos salientes sin devanados
amortiguadores
l X0 = (0.1 – 0.6) X1
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
16
Líneas, transformadores y cargas
Z1 = Z 2
l Debido a las trayectorias de corrientes de
falla a tierra a través de los hilos de guarda y
retornos por tierra, se cumple que:
Z 0 ≈ 3Z 1
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
17
Impedancias de secuencia cero en
transformadores (1)
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
18
Impedancias de secuencia cero en
transformadores (3)
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
X ab = X bc = X ca
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
19
Líneas de transmisión (2)
Z s ≡ Z aa + Z nn − 2 Z an
Z m ≡ Z ab + Z nn − 2 Z an
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
Vaa ' Z s Zm Zm I a
Vbb ' = Z m Zs Zm I b
Vcc ' Z m Zm Z s I c
Vaa0 ' Z s − Z m ⋅ ⋅ Zm Zm Z m I a0
AVaa1 ' = ⋅ Zs − Zm ⋅ + Zm Zm Z m A I a1
Vaa2 ' ⋅ ⋅ Z s − Z m Z m Zm Z m I a2
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
20
Líneas de transmisión (4)
Ejemplo
l Ia,Ib,Ic =?
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21
Redes de secuencia (1)
22
Redes de secuencia (3)
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
23
Ejemplo: datos del sistema
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
24
Ejemplo: red de secuencia negativa
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
25
CONCLUSIONES
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
Componentes simétricas
ESP Oil_Copyright_01- P35/The document is property of ESP Oil Consultants, any reproduction is strictly forbidden and will be prosecuted
26