cÖ‡qvRbxq mgxKiYmgn

GRAVITATION AND GRAVITY

bs m•Î cwiwPwZ GKK
1. gnvKl© ej : F = G m1m2 2 G = gnvKlx©q N-m kg2 (wbDUb
2
d aª“eK wgUvi2 wK‡jvMÖvg–2)
m1 = cÖ_g (wK‡jvMÖvg)
e¯‘i fi m (wgUvi)
m2 = wØZxq
e¯‘i fi
d = e¯‘؇qi
`•iZ¡
2. AwfKl© ej : F = GMm M= c„w_exi fi kg (wK‡jvMÖvg)
d2
3. AwfKl©R Z¡iY : g = GM g = AwfKl©R ms2 (wgUvi †m‡KÛ–
d2 Z¡iY 2
)
4. f‚c‡„ ô AwfKl©R Z¡iY : g = GM R = c„w_exi m (wgUvi)
R2 e¨vmva©
5. h D”PZvq AwfKl©R Z¡iY : h = D”PZv m (wgUvi)
GM  2h 
g (h) =  g 1  
R  h  2
 R
6. h MfxiZvq AwfKl© Z¡iY : g (h) = g
1  h 
 R
 
 
7.  = A¶vs‡k AwfKl©R Z¡iY : g ()  = A¶vsk degree (wWwMÖ)
= g  R cos 
2 2
 = c„w_exi rad s1 (†iwWqvb †m.–
1
†KŠwYK †eM )
8. e¯‘i IRb : W = mg  
9. gR 2
c„w_exi fi : M = G  
10. c„w_exi NbZ¡ :  = 3g  = aª“eK 3.14
4π GR
 = NbZ¡ kg m–3 (wK‡jvMÖvg
wgUvi –3)

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 11. gnvKlx©q cÖvej¨ : E = GM r = e¯‘ n‡Z m (wgUvi)
r2`•iZ¡ N kg1
E = cªvej¨
12. gnKvlx©q wefe : V =  GM V = wefe J kg1 (Ryj wK‡jvMÖvg –
r 1
)
13. K…wÎg DcMÖ‡ni ˆiwLK †eM : v = v = ˆiwLK ms1 (wgUvi †m.–1)
 GM  2
1
†eM m (wgUvi)
R h
  h = f‚c„ô n‡Z
D”PZv
14. K…wÎg DcMÖ‡ni ˆiwLK †eM I AveZ©b T = AveZ©b hr, min, sec
Kv‡ji g‡a¨ m¤•K© : Kvj
2π
v = T R  h
15. K…wÎg DcMÖ‡ni D”PZv I AveZ©bKv‡ji
g‡a¨ m¤•K© :  
1
 GMT 2  3
h=  2 
 R
 4π 
16. gyw³‡eM (c„w_ex ) : ve = ve = gyw³ †eM ms1, kms1
1
 2GM  2  2gR
 R 
 
MvwYwZK cÖ‡kœi cÖKvi‡f`

K) gnvKl© e‡ji gvb wbY©‡qi cÖkœ :

mgvav‡bi wbqg :
i. GK b¤^i mgxKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ cÖkœwU mgvavb Kiv hvq|
ii. e¯‘؇qi fi, e¯‘؇qi `iZ¡ Ges gnvKlx©q aª“e‡Ki gvb Rvbv _vK‡j gnvKl© e‡ji gvb Rvbv hvq|
iii. GKBfv‡e gnvKlx©q e‡ji gvb Rvbv _vK‡j gnvKlx©q aª“e‡Ki gvb Rvbv hvq|
mZK©Zv : fi‡K kg GK‡K. `iZ¡‡K metre Ges gnvKlx©q aª“eK‡K N-m2kg2 GK‡K cÖKvk Ki‡j
gnvKl© ej Newton GK‡K †ei n‡e|

`ywU e¯‘i fi h_vµ‡g 4 kg Ges 8 kg| e¯‘ `ywU ci¯•i 2 m e¨eav‡b Aew¯’Z| gnvKl© e‡ji gvb wbY©q
Ki|
[G = 6.67  1011 N-m2kg2]
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, 1g e¯‘i fi, m1 = 4 kg
2q e¯‘i fi, m2 = 8 kg
e¯‘؇qi ga¨eZ©x `iZ¡, d = 2 m
gnvKlx©q aª“eK, G = 6.67  1011 N-m2kg2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, gnvKl© ej, F = ?
Avgiv Rvwb
F = Gm12m 2
d

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 6.67  10 11 N - m 2 kg 2  4 kg  8 kg
=
2 m 2
= 5.3  1010 N (Ans.)

L) c„w_exi NbZ¡ wbY©‡qi cÖkœ :

mgvav‡bi wbqg :
i. Pvi A_ev `k b¤^i mgxKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ cÖkœwU mgvavb Kiv hvq|
ii. mgxKi‡Yi gnvKlx©q aª“eK, AwfKl©R Z¡iY, c„w_exi e¨vmva© BZ¨vw`i gvb Rvbv _vK‡j c„w_exi NbZ¡
wbY©q Kiv hvq|
mZK©Zv : e¨vmva©‡K metre GK‡K, gnvKlx©q aª“e‡Ki gvb N-m2 kg2 GK‡K Ges AwfKl©R Z¡iY‡K
ms2 GK‡K cªKvk Ki‡j NbZ¡ kg m3 GK‡K †ei n‡e|

c„w_exi e¨vmva© 6.38 106 m Ges gnvKlx©q aª“e‡Ki gvb 6.67  1011 N-m2 kg2 a‡i Gi Mo NbZ¡ †ei
Ki|
g = 9.81 ms2]
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, c„w_exi e¨vmva©, R = 6.38  106 m
G = 6.67 1011 N-m2kg2
AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 9.81ms2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, Mo NbZ¡,  = ?
4
G  R 3  
GM 3 4
Avgiv Rvwb, g = 2
 2
  GR
R R 3
 = 3g
4  GR
3  9.81 ms 2
=
4  3.14  6.67  10 11 N - m 2 kg  2  6.38  10 6 m
= 5.51  103 kg m3 (Ans.)

M) †Kvb e¯‘i D”PZv A_ev M‡Z©i MfxiZv wbY©‡qi cÖkœ :

mgvav‡bi wbqg :
i. cuvP A_ev Qq b¤^i mgxKi‡Yi mnvqZvq cÖkœwU mgvavb Kiv hvq|
ii. f‚c„‡ô Ges e¯‘i Ae¯’v‡bi AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvb Ges c„w_exi e¨vmva© Rvbv _vK‡j e¯‘i D”PZv
Rvbv hvq|
mZK©Zv : c„w_exi e¨vmva©‡K metre GK‡K cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Y©q D”PZv A_ev M‡Z©i MfxiZv metre
GK‡K †ei n‡e|

GKwU Mfxi Lwbi M‡Z© AwfKl©R Z¡iY Ges f‚c‡„ ô AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi AbycvZ 0.999 n‡j MZ©wUi MfxiZv KZ
?
[c„w_exi e¨vmva© = 6.38  103 km]
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi AbycvZ, g h  = 0.999
g

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 c„w_exi e¨vmva©, Re = 6.38  103 km
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, MfxiZv, h = ?
g‡b Kwi, wb‡Y©q MfxiZv h km Ges †mLv‡b AwfKl©R Z¡iY g (h)
Avgiv Rvwb, g h  = 1 h
g Re
h
ev, 0.999 = 1
Re
h
ev, = 1 0.999 = 0.001
Re
ev, h = 0.001 Re = 0.001  6.38  103 km
= 6.38 km (Ans.)

N) K…wÎg DcMÖ‡ni †eM wbY©‡qi cÖkœ :

mgvav‡bi wbqg :
i. †Zi b¤^i mgxKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ cÖkœwU mgvavb Kiv hvq|
ii. c„w_exi e¨vmva©, f‚c‡„ ô g-Gi gvb Ges f‚cô
„ n‡Z K…wÎg DcMÖ‡ni D”PZv Rvbv _vK‡j Gi †eM Rvbv
hvq|
mZK©Zv : c„w_exi e¨vmva© I DcMÖ‡ni D”PZv‡K metre GK‡K Ges AwfKl©R Z¡iY‡K ms2 GK‡K cÖKvk
Ki‡j †eM ms1 GK‡K †ei n‡e|

GKwU K…wÎg DcMÖn c„w_ex c„‡ôi Lye wbK‡U Ae¯’vb K‡i b¨bZg KZ †e‡M e„ËvKv‡i c„w_exi Pviw`K cÖ`w¶Y
Ki‡Z cvi‡e ? [c„w_exi e¨vmva©, R = 6.4  106 m I f‚c‡„ ô, g = 9.8 ms2]
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, c„w_exi e¨vmva©, R = 6.4  106 m
AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 9.8 ms2
c„w_ex n‡Z K…wÎg DcMÖ‡ni D”PZv, h = 0 [Lye wbK‡U e‡j]
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, b¨bZg †eM, v = ?
GM
Avgiv Rvwb, v =
Rh
GM
Avevi, g =
(R  h ) 2

 v = g R  h 

= 
9.8 ms 2 6.4  10 6 m  0 
= 7.92  103 ms1 (Ans.)

O) gyw³‡eM wbY©‡qi cªkœ :

mgav‡bi wbqg :
i. †lvj b¤^i mgxKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ cÖkœwU mgvavb Kiv hvq|

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 ii. c„w_exi AwfKl©R Z¡iY Ges e¨vmva© Gi gvb mgxKi‡Y emv‡j gyw³‡eM wbY©q Kiv hvq|
mZK©Zv : AwfKl©R Z¡iY‡K ms2 GK‡K Ges e¨vmva©‡K metre GK‡K cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Y©q gyw³‡eM
ms1 GK‡K †ei n‡e|

c„w_exi e¨vmva© 6.38  106m Ges AwfKl©xq Z¡iY 9.8 ms–2 n‡j c„w_ex c„ô n‡Z †Kvb e¯‘i gyw³ †eM
wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
c„w_exi e¨vmva©, R = 6.38  106m
AwfKl©xq Z¡iY, g = 9.8 ms–2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, gyw³‡eM, ve = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, ve = 2 gR
= 2  9.8 ms–2  6.38  106 m
= 11.18 kms–1 (Ans.)

mgm¨vewji mgvavb

cÖkœ-1| c„w_exi AwfKl©xq Z¡iY, g = 9.8 ms2 Ges e¨vmva© R = 6400 km| GKwU e¯‘i gyw³‡eM wbY©q
Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, AwfKlx©q Z¡iY, g = 9.8 ms2
e¨vmva©, R = 6400 km = 64  105 m
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, gyw³‡eM, ve = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, ve = 2gR
= 2  9.8 ms 2  64  105 m
= 1.12  104 ms1 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-2| c„w_exi e¨vmva© 6.4  106 m Ges Gi c„‡ô AwfKl©R Z¡iY 9.8 ms2| fcô
„ †_‡K 6.4  105 m
D”PZvq AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvb †ei Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
c„w_exi e¨vmva©, R = 6.4 106 m
f‚c‡„ ô AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 9.8 ms2
D”PZv, h = 6.4 105m
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g © = ?
R2
Avgiv Rvwb, g © = g
(R  h ) 2

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 = 6.4 10 m 6 2
 9.8 ms2
6.4 10 6
m  6.4  10 5 m 
2

2
= 8.1 ms (Ans.)

cÖkœ-3| c„w_exi e¨vmva© 6.4  106 m Ges AwfKlx©q Z¡iY 9.81 ms2 n‡j c„w_ex c„ô n‡Z †Kvb e¯‘i
gyw³‡eM wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb :
†`Iqv Av‡Q,
c„w_exi e¨vmva©, R = 6.4  106m
AwfKlx©q Z¡iY, g = 9.81 ms2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, gyw³‡eM, ve = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, ve = 2gR
= 2  9.81 ms 2  6.4  106 m
= 11205 ms1 = 11.2 kms1 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-4| c„w_exi e¨vmva© R = 6.4  103km I gnvKlx©q aª“eK G = 6.67  10–11 N-m2kg–2 a‡i Gi Mo
NbZ¡ wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
c„w_exi e¨vmva©, R = 6.4 103 km
= 6.4  106 m
gnvKlx©q aª“eK, G = 6.67 10–11N-m2kg–2
AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 9.81ms–2 (Rvwb)
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e,  = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
GM
g = R2
4
G  3 R3 
= R2
4
ev, g = 3 GR
3g
ev,  =
4GR
3  9.81
= kg m–3
4 6.67 10  6.4  10  3.14
–11 6

= 5.49  103 kg m–3 (Ans.)

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cÖkœ-5| c„w_ex‡K 6400 km e¨vmv‡a©i GKwU †MvjK ai‡j f‚cô
„ n‡Z KZ D”PZvq AwfKl©xq Z¡i‡Yi gvb f‚-
1
c„‡ôi AwfKlx©q Z¡i‡Yi gv‡bi Ask n‡e ?
64
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q
c„w_exi e¨vmva©, R = 6400 km
= 6400  1000
= 6.4 106m
c„w_exi c„‡ô AwfKl©R Z¡iY g n‡j,
1
h D”PZvi AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = g Gi 64
g
= 64
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, D”PZv, h = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
R2g
g = (R + h)2
R2g
ev, R + h =
g
R2g
g
= 64
= 64R2
= 8R
ev, h = 8R – R
ev, h = 7R
= 7  6.4  106
= 44.8  106 m
 h = 44800 km (Ans.)

cÖkœ-6| c„w_ex‡K 6.4  106 m e¨vmv‡a©i Ges 5.5 gm cm–3 Nb‡Z¡i GKwU †MvjK g‡bK‡i Gi c„‡ô
AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvb †ei Ki| [G = 6.7  1011 N-m2/kg2]
mgvavb :
†`Iqv Av‡Q,
c„w_exi e¨vmva©, R = 6.4  106 m
c„w_exi NbZ¡,  = 5.5 gm cm–3
5.5  10 6
= kg m  3
1000
= 5.5  103 kg m–3
G = 6.7  1011 N-m2 kg2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = ?
GLb, M = V

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 4
= 3
π R 3ρ

= 4
3
 3.14  (6.4  106m)3  5.5  103kg m3
= 6.036  1024 kg
Avgiv Rvwb, g = GM2
R
11
= 6.7  10 N - m 2 - kg 2  6.036  10 24 kg
 6.4 10 m 
6 2

= 9.87 ms2 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-7| c„w_ex‡K 6.4  106 m e¨vmv‡a©i mgmZ¡ †MvjK g‡b K‡i Ges c„w_exi DcwiZ‡j AwfKl©xq Z¡i‡Yi gvb
9.8 ms–2 a‡i c„w_exi fi †ei Ki| [G = 6.67  10–11 N-m2-kg–2]
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
c„w_exi e¨vmva©, R = 6.4  106 m
AwfKl©xq Z¡iY, g = 9.8 ms–2
gnvKl©xq aª“eK, G = 6.67  10–11N-m2-kg–2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, c„w_exi fi, M = ?
GM
Avgiv Rvwb, g = R2
gR2
ev, M = G
9.8 ms–2  (6.4  106 m)2
=
6.67  10–11 N-m2kg–2
= 60.18  1023 kg
 M = 6.018  1024 kg (Ans.)

cÖkœ-8| GKwU e¯‘i fi 12 wgwjMÖvg| c„w_exi †K‡›`ªi w`‡K e¯‘wU KZ e‡j AvKwl©Z n‡e ? [AwfKl©xq Z¡iY,
g = 9.8 ms–2
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
e¯‘i fi, m = 12 mg
= 12  10–6 kg
AwfKl©xq Z¡iY, g = 9.8 ms–2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, AvKl©Y ej, F = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
F = mg
= 12  10–6 kg  9.8 ms–2
= 1.176  10–4 N (Ans.)

cÖkœ-9| e„n¯•wZi fi I e¨vmva© h_vµ‡g 1.9  1027 kg Ges 7  107 m n‡j, Gi gyw³‡eM wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
e„n¯•wZi fi, MJ = 1.9  1027 kg

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 e„n¯•wZi e¨vmva©, RJ = 7  107 m
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, gyw³‡eM, ve = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
ve = 2gJRJ
1
 2GM J 2  GM J 
=   g J  
 RJ   R J 2 
1
 2  6.67  10 11 Nm 2 kg  2  1.9  10 27 kg  2
=  
  7 
 7 10 m 

= 3.62 109 2
1

= 6.02  104 ms–1 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-10| c„w_ex c„ô n‡Z KZ D”PZvq AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvb 4.9 ms2 n‡e ? [c„w_exi e¨vmva© = 6.4
106m]
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, c„w_exi e¨vmva©, R = 6.4  106m
AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g © = 4.9 ms2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, D”PZv, h = ?
R 2g
Avgiv Rvwb, g© =
R  h 2
R 2g
ev, R + h =
g
 g 
 h =R g
R  R

 1

g  g 
 2 
= 6.4  106 m  9.8 ms  2  1
4.9 ms
 
= 2.65  106 m (Ans.)

cÖkœ-11| g½j MÖ‡ni e¨vm 6000 km Ges Gi c„‡ô AwfKlx©q Z¡iY 3.8 ms2| g½j MÖ‡ni c„ô n‡Z GKwU
e¯‘i gyw³‡eM wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
6000 km
g½j MÖ‡ni e¨vmva©, Rm = 2
= 3000 km
= 3000  1000 m
= 3  106 m
AwfKlx©q Z¡iY, gm = 3.8 ms2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, gyw³‡eM, vm = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, vm = 2gmrm
= 2  3.8 ms2  3  106 m

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 = 4.77 kms1 (Ans)

cÖkœ-12| 8000 km e¨vmv‡a©¨i K·c‡_ GKwU DcMÖ‡ni †eM wbY©q Ki| (g = 9.8 ms-2)
mgvavb : GLv‡b DcMÖnwUi †K›`ªgLy x Z¡iY ac, AwfKl©RZ¡iY g Gi gvb mgvb n‡e|
v2
Avgiv Rvwb, ac = r
v2
ev, g = r
ev, v2 = gr
 v = gr
= 9.8  8000  103
= 8.85  103 ms1 (Ans.)

†evW© Aby‡gvw`Z eBmg‡ni mgm¨vewji mgvavb

cÖkœ-1| GKwU gnvkb¨hvb c„w_ex †_‡K Puv‡`i w`‡K hv‡”Q| c„w_ex †_‡K Ggb GKwU Ae¯’vb †ei Ki †hLv‡b Gi
Dci gnvKlx©q ej kb¨| †`Iqv Av‡Q, c„w_exi fi = 6.0  1024 kg , Pvu‡`i fi = 7.4  1022 kg, c„w_exi †K›`ª
I Puv‡`i †K‡›`ªi ga¨eZx© `iZ¡ = 3.8  108m.
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, c„w_ex †_‡K H ¯’v‡bi `iZ¡ = x m
GM e m
gnvkb¨ hv‡bi Dci c„w_exi Rb¨ gnvKlx©q ej =
x2
Avevi, gnvkb¨ hv‡bi Dci Puv‡`i Rb¨ gnvKlx©q ej
GM m m
=
3.8 10 8
mx 
2

†`Iqv Av‡Q, Me = 6.0  1024 kg

Mm = 7.4 1022 kg
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, x = ?
GM e m GM m m
cªkœg‡Z, 
x 2
 3.8 10 8
x  2

ev, 6.0 10 7.4 10 22

24
=
2
x  3.8 10 8
x 
2

600 7.4
ev, =
x 2
 3.8 10 8
x 
2

24.5 2.72
ev, =
x 3.8 10 8  x
ev, 2.72 x = 9.31  109  24.5 x
 x = 3.42  108m (Ans.)

cÖkœ-2| e„n¯•wZi e¨vmva© c„w_exi e¨vmv‡a©i 10.97 ¸Y Ges e„n¯•wZi fi c„w_exi f‡ii 318.3 ¸Y| f‚c„‡ô
AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvb 9.8 ms2. e„n¯•wZi c„‡ô Zvi AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvb KZ n‡e ?

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mgvavb : awi, c„w_exi e¨vmva© = Re Ges c„w_exi fi = Me,
 e„n¯•wZi e¨vmva©, RJ = 10.97 Re Ges fi, MJ = 318.3 Me
fc‡„ ô AwfKl©R Z¡iY, ge = 9.8 ms2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, e„n¯•wZi c„‡ô AwfKl©R Z¡iY, ge = ?
GM
Avgiv Rvwb, g =
R2
 e„n¯•wZi †¶‡Î, ge = GMJ ………… (i)
R J2
GMe
c„w_exi †¶‡Î, ge = ……….. (ii)
R e2
(i) bs mgxKiY‡K (ii) bs mgxKiY Øviv fvM K‡i cvB,
ge GM J R e 2
 
ge R J 2 GM e
MJ R 2
ev, ge =  e2  ge
Me RJ
318.3 M e R e2
=   9.8 ms  2
Me (10.97 R e ) 2
= 25.92 ms2 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-3| c„w_ex‡K 6.37 106m e¨vmv‡a©i GKwU mgmË¡ †MvjK g‡b K‡i Ges Gi DcwiZ‡j AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi
gvb 9.81 ms2 a‡i c„w_exi fi †ei Ki| (G = 6.67 1011N-m2 kg2)
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, c„w_exi e¨vmva©, R = 6.37 106 m
AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 9.81 ms2
gnvKlx©q aª“eK, G = 6.67  1011 N-m2 kg2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, c„w_exi fi, M = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, g = GM2
R
gR 2
ev, M =
G

= 
9.81 ms 2  6.37  10 6 m 
2

6.67  10 11 Nm 2 kg 2
= 5.97 1024 kg (Ans.)

cÖkœ-4| c„w_ex c„‡ô g Gi gvb 98 ms2, c„w_exi e¨vmva©,

R = 64106m Ges G = 671011Nm2kg2 n‡j c„w_exi fi wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 98 ms2
c„w_exi e¨vmva©, R = 64106 m
gnvKl© aª“eK, G = 671011Nm2kg2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, c„w_exi fi, M = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, g = GM2
R

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 gR 2
ev, M =
G

= 
9  8  6  4  10 6 
2

6  7  10 11
M = 5.991024 kg (Ans.)

cÖkœ-5| c„w_ex †_‡K 1600 km D”PZvq GKwU K…wÎg DcMÖn c„w_ex‡K †K›`ª K‡i e„ËvKvi c‡_ cª`w¶Y Ki‡Q|
Gi †eM NÈvq KZ wK‡jvwgUvi n‡e ? c„w_exi e¨vmva© 6400 km, fi 6  1024 kg Ges G = 6.67 
1011 N-m2kg2|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, h = 1600 km = 1600000 m
R = 6400 km = 6400000 m
M = 6  1024 kg
G = 6.67 1011 N-m2 kg2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, v = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
GM
v=
Rh
6.67  10 11 N - m 2 kg 2  6  10 24 kg
=
6400000 m  1600000 m 
= 7072.83 ms1
7072.83  3600
= km h 1
1000
= 25462 km h1 (Ans.)

cªk-œ 6| gnvk•b¨hvb f÷K-1 G K‡i cÖ_g gnvkb¨Pvix BDwi M¨vMvwib 89 wgwbU 6 †m‡K‡Û GKevi c„w_ex‡K
cÖ`w¶Y K‡ib| wZwb KZ D”PZvq †_‡K c„w_ex‡K cÖ`w¶Y K‡iwQ‡jb ? Gi gnvkb¨hv‡bi †eM KZ wQj ? c„w_exi
e¨vmva© R = 6.371  106m; c„w_exi fi M = 5.975  1024kg Ges G = 6.673  1011 Nm2
kg2|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, T = (89  60 + 6) s = 5346 s
R = 6.371  106 m
M = 5.975  1024 kg
G = 6.673 1011 N-m2 kg2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, h = ?
v =?
1
 GMT 2  3
Avgiv Rvwb, h = 
 4 2

 R
 
1

=  6.673  10 Nm kg  5.9752 10 kg  5346 s 

 11 2 2 24 2  3


 4  3.14  

 6.371106m
= 237746 m

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= 237.746 km (Ans.)
Avevi, v = 2  (R  h )
T

v = 
2  3.14  6.371  10 6 m  237746 m 
5346 s
= 7763 ms1
= 7.763 km s1 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-7| g½‡ji c„‡ô gyw³‡eM †ei Ki| g½‡ji fi c„w_exi f‡ii 0.11 ¸Y Ges e¨vmva© c„w_exi
e¨vmv‡a©i 0.532 ¸Y| c„w_exi fi 5.975  1024 kg. c„w_exi e¨vmva© 6.371106m Ges gnvKlx©q aª“eK
6.673 1011 N-m2kg2.
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
g½‡ji fi , M = 0.11  5.975  1024 kg
g½‡ji e¨vmva©, R = 0.532  6.371  106 m
gnvKlx©q aª“eK, G = 6.673  1011N-m2 kg2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, gyw³‡eM, ve = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
2 GM
ve =
R
2  6.673  10 11 N  m 2 kg 2  0.11 5.975  10 24 kg
=
0.532  6.371  10 6 m
= 5087 ms1
= 5.087 km s1
= 5.09 km s1 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-8| A Ges B `ywU e¯‘i fi h_vµ‡g 8000 kg Ges 6000 kg| e¯‘Øq 0.25 m e¨eav‡b Aew¯’Z|
(K) A Ges B †_‡K h_vµ‡g 0.20 m Ges 0.15 m `‡i Aew¯’Z GKwU we›`y P †Z Dfq e¯‘i Rb¨ m„ó
gnvKl©xq †¶Î cÖve‡j¨i jwäi gvb wbY©q Ki|
(L) e¯‘ `ywUi Rb¨ P we›`y‡Z gnvKl©xq wefe KZ?
[G = 6.673  10–11 Nm2 kg–2 ]
mgvavb :
P

A 0.25 m B

†`Iqv Av‡Q, AB = 0.25 m

AP = 0.20 m
PB= 0.15 m

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GLb, AP2 + PB2 = (0.20)2 + (0.15)2
= 0.25
= AB
myZivs, APB mg‡KvYx Ges APB = 90
(K) Avgiv Rvwb,
GM
cÖvej¨, E = r2
 A we›`y‡Z 8000 kg f‡ii Rb¨ P we›`y‡Z cÖvej¨,
6.673  10-11  8000
E1 = (0.20)2
= 1.33  10–5 N kg–1 [PAeivei]
Ges B we›`y‡Z 6000 kg f‡ii Rb¨ P we›`y‡Z cÖvej¨,
6.6731011  6000
E2 = (0.15)2
= 1.78  10– 5 Nkg–1 [PB eivei]
myZivs jwä cÖvej¨,
2 2
E= E1 + E2
= (1.33  10–5)2 + (1.78  10–5)2
= 2.22  10– 5 N kg-1 Ans.
(L) Avgiv Rvwb,
GM
gnvKl©xq wefe, V = – r
 A we›`y‡Z 8000 kg f‡ii Rb¨ P we›`yi wefe
6.673  10– 11  8000
V1 =– 0.20 Jkg -1
= – 2. 67  10–6 Jkg–1
Ges B we›`y‡Z 6000 kg f‡ii Rb¨ P we›`yi wefe
6.673  10–11  6000
V2 = 0.15
= –2.67  10 Jkg–1
–6

 †gvU wefe,
V = V1 + V2
= (– 2 . 67  10–6 – 2.67  10–6)J kg–1
= – 5.34  10–6 J kg–1 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-9| 5 kg f‡ii `ywU †MvjK‡K ci¯•i n‡Z 2 m `‡i ¯’vcb Ki‡j hw` AvKl©Y e‡ji gvb 41.67 
1011N nq Z‡e gnvKlx©q aª“e‡Ki gvb KZ n‡e ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, fi, m1 = 5 kg

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 fi, m2 = 5 kg
`•iZ¡, d = 2m
ej, F = 41.67  1011 N
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, gnvKlx©q aª“eK, G = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, F = G m1m2 2
d
2
Fd 41.67  10 11 N  2 m 2
ev, G = =
m1m2 5 kg  5 kg
= 6.67  1011 N-m2 kg2 (Ans.)

1 1
cÖkœ-10| P‡›`ªi fi c„w_exi f‡ii fvM| P‡›`ªi e¨vmva© c„w_exi e¨vmv‡a©i fvM| c„w_ex-c„‡ô AwfKlx©q
80 4
Z¡i‡Yi gvb 9.8 ms2 n‡j P›`ª c„‡ô AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvb †ei Ki|
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, c„w_exi fi = Me
Ges c„w_exi e¨vmva© = Re
P‡›`ªi fi, Mm = M 80
e

P‡›`ªi e¨vmva©, Rm = R4e

fc‡„ ô AwfKl©R Z¡iY, ge = 9.8 ms2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, P›`ª c„‡ô AwfKl©R Z¡iY, gm = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, g = GM2
R
GM m
P‡›`ªi †¶‡Î, gm = ……….. (i)
R m2
c„w_exi †¶‡Î, ge = GM2e ……… (ii)
Re
(i) bs mgxKiY‡K (ii) bs mgxKiY Øviv fvM K‡i cvB,
2
gm GM m R e
 
ge R m 2 GMe
M m R e2
ev, gm = ge  
Me R 2
m
R 2  42
= 9.8 ms2  Me
80  M e
 e 2
R e
= 1.96 ms2 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-11| c„w_exi GKwU K…wÎg DcMÖn f‚cô„ n‡Z 900 km E‡aŸ© †_‡K c„w_ex‡K cÖ`w¶Y Ki‡Q| DcMÖnwUi
b¨bZg †eM I AveZ©bKvj wbY©q Ki| c„w_exi e¨vmva© 6400 km Ges g = 9.8 ms2.
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
D”PZv, h = 900 km = 9  105 m
c„w_exi e¨vmva©, R = 6400 km= 6.4  106 m
g = 9.8 ms2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, DcMÖnwUi †eM, v = ?
Ges AveZ©bKvj, T = ?

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 GM
Avgiv Rvwb, g =
R2
gR 2
M = G
GM
Avevi, v =
Rh
gR 2
G gR 2
= G =
Rh Rh


9.8 ms  2  6.4  10 6 m 
2
=
6.4  10 6 m  9  105 m 
= 7415 ms1 = 7.415 km s1 (Ans.)
Avevi Avgiv Rvwb, T = 2 R  h 
v

= 
2  3.14  6.4 10 m  9 10 5 m
6

1
7415 ms
= 6182 s = 1h 43 min 2 s (Ans.)

cÖkœ-12| g½j MÖ‡ni fi c„w_exi f‡ii 0.108 MyY Ges e¨vmva© c„w_exi e¨vmv‡a©i 0.532 MyY n‡j, g½j MÖ‡n
GKwU e¯‘i gyw³‡eM KZ n‡e ? (c„w_exi e¨vmva© 6400 km) |
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
g½j MÖ‡ni fi, Mm = 0.108 Me
g½j MÖ‡ni e¨vmva©, Rm = 0.532 Re
= 0.532  6.4  106m
= 3404800 m
c„w_exi e¨vmva©, Re = 6.4  106m
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, g½j MÖ‡n gyw³‡eM, vm = ?
2 GM m
Avgiv Rvwb, vm =
Rm
geR e2
Avevi, G =
Me

2g e R e 2
 0.108 M e
 vm = Me
Rm

2g eR e2  0.108
= Rm

= 
2  9.8 ms  2  6.4  10 6 m  0.108 
2

3404800 m

= 5046 ms1 = 5.04 km s1 (Ans.)

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cÖkœ-13| f‚cô
„ n‡Z 400 km Af¨š‡i I f‚c‡„ ô AwfKlx©q Z¡i‡Yi AbycvZ †ei Ki| c„w_exi e¨vmva© 6400
km|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, h = 400 km
R = 6400 km
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, g © : g = ?
g  h   400 km 
Avgiv Rvwb,   1  =  1 
g  R   6400 km 

= 1  1 = 1615
16
 g © : g = 15 : 16 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-14| 100 kg f‡ii GKwU ¸i“fvi e¯‘i fvi‡K›`ª n‡Z 10 m `i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z †Kvb we›`y‡Z gnvKlx©q
wefe Ges cÖvej¨ wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, e¯‘i fi, M = 100 kg
`•iZ¡, r = 10 m
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, gnvKlx©q wefe, V = ?
gnvKlx©q cÖvej¨, EG = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, V= GM
r
6.67 10 N-m 2 kg 2 100 kg
11
=
10 m
=  6.67  1010 Jkg1 (Ans.)
Avevi Avgiv Rvwb,
GM
EG =
r2
6.67  1011 N-m 2kg 2  100 kg
=
10 m2
= 6.67  1011 Nkg1 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-15| GKwU MÖ‡ni e¨vmva© c„w_exi e¨vmv‡a©i wظY| D³ MÖ‡ni c„‡ô AwfKl©R Z¡iY c„w_exi AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi
AvU ¸Y| D³ MÖ‡n gyw³‡eM c„w_exi Zzjbvq KZ ?
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi,
c„w_exi e¨vmva© = R
c„w_exi AwfKl©R Z¡iY = g.
†`Iqv Av‡Q,
MÖ‡ni e¨vmva©, R = 2R
MÖ‡ni AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 8g.
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, D³ MÖ‡ni gyw³‡eM, ve = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
gyw³‡eM, ve = 2g R 

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 = 2  8g  2R
= 4 2gR
= 4  c„w_exi gyw³‡eM|
D³ MÖ‡ni gyw³‡eM c„w_exi Zzjbvq 4 ¸Y| (Ans.)

cÖkœ-16| f‚c„ô n‡Z Aí D”PZvq Ges f‚c„‡ôi mgvšiv‡j GKwU D‡ovRvnvR 2 kms1 †e‡M MwZkxj| 60 kg
f‡ii GKRb hvÎxi AvcvZ IRb KZ ? [c„w_exi e¨vmva© 6400 km Ges g = 98 ms2]
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
D‡ovRvnv‡Ri †eM, v = 2 kms1
= 2 103ms1
hvÎxi fi, m = 60 kg
c„w_exi e¨vmva©, R = 6400 km
= 6.4  106 m.
AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 98 ms2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, hvÎxi AvcvZ IRb = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
= mg  mvR
2
AvcvZ IRb

= 60 98 
 60  2  106
3

2

6.4  10
= 5505 N (Ans.)

cÖkœ-17| 05 m j¤^v iwki GK cÖv‡š 02 kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‘‡K †eu‡a Ab¨ cÖvš nv‡Z a‡i Dj¤^ Z‡j
Nyiv‡bv n‡”Q| me©wbæ KZ `ª“wZ‡Z Nyiv‡j e¯‘wUi m‡e©v”P Ae¯’v‡b iwk Uvb Uvb _vK‡e ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
e¯‘i fi, m = 02 kg.
myZvi ˆ`N©¨, r = 05 m.
AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 98 ms2
Avgiv Rvwb, m‡e©v”P Ae¯’v‡b iwk Uvb Uvb Ae¯’vq
mv 2
r
= mg
2
ev, vr  g [G‡¶‡Î e¯‘i f‡ii †Kvb cÖfve †bB]
ev, v2 = rg
 v  rg
= 0 5 9 8
= 22136 ms1 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-18| g = 9.8 ms–2 ¯’v‡b GKwU w¯•ªs wbw³‡Z †Kvb GKwU e¯yi IRb 9.8 N n‡j e¯‘wUi fi KZ ?
†Kvb ¯’v‡b H w¯•ªs wbw³‡Z e¯ywUi IRb 9.4 N n‡j H ¯’v‡bi AwfKl©xq Z¡iY wbY©q Ki|

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mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, e¯‘wUi fi = m
†`Iqv Av‡Q, AwfKl©xq Z¡iY, g = 9.8 ms–2
1g ¯’v‡b IRb, W = 9.8 N
2q ¯’v‡b IRb, W1 = 9.4 N
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, fi, m = ?
AwfKl©xq Z¡iY, g1 = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, W = mg
ev, m=W= 9.8 N
= 1 kg (Ans.)
g 9.8 ms  2

Avevi, Avgiv Rvwb, W1 = mg1

W1
ev, g1 = = 9.4 N = 9.4 ms–2 (Ans.)
m 1 kg

cªk-œ 19| GKwU e¯‘i IRb c„w_ex‡Z 56.84 N I P‡›`ª 9.8 N. c„w_exi AwfKl©xq Z¡iY P‡›`ªi AwfKl©xq
Z¡i‡Yi KZ ¸Y ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, c„w_ex‡Z e¯‘i IRb, We = 56.84 N
P‡›`ª e¯‘i IRb, Wm = 9.8 N
ge
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, =?
gm
 e¯‘wUi fi m n‡j Avgiv cvB,
We = mge
Wm = mgm
 We

mg e
Wm mg m

ev, g e  We = 56.84
= 5.8 (Ans.)
g m Wm 9.8l
DËi : 7.548 km s1

cÖkœ-20| NY©‡bi Rb¨ welye A‡j AwfKl©xq Z¡iY KZ Kg n‡e ? [ai, R = 6.4  103 km]
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
c„w_exi mg‡KŠwYK †eM,  = 224 hr 1 = 24  260  60 s 1
c„w_exi e¨vmva©, R = 6.4  103 km = 6.4  106 m
Avgiv Rvwb, g= GM2   2 R cos2 
R
welye A‡j,  = 0°
 g = GM2   2 R [ cos 0 = 1]
R
Avevi, †gi“ A‡j,  = 90°
 g = GM2
R

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 welye A‡j AwfKl©xq Z¡iY Kg‡e,
2
2
 2R =  
s 1   6.4  106 m
 24  60  60 
= 0.034 ms–2 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-21| 2 kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‘ mZvq Szjv‡bv Av‡Q| mZvi Uvb 27.6 N n‡j e¯‘wUi Z¡iY KZ ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
e¯‘i fi, m = 2 kg
AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 9.8 ms–2
m•Zvi Uvb, T = 27.6 N
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, e¯‘wUi Z¡iY, = a
Avgiv Rvwb,
e¯‘‡K wbw`©ó Z¡i‡Y Dc‡i DVv‡j D³ Z¡i‡Yi mv‡_ AwfKl©R Z¡iY hy³ n‡e| Kv‡RB G †¶‡Î mZvi Uvb,
T = m(a + g)
T
ev, a = m – g
27.6
= 2 – 9.8
 a = 4 ms–2 (Ans.)

cªk-œ 22| 2 kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‘‡K myZvq Szjv‡q 2.2 ms2 mgZ¡i‡Y (i) Dc‡i DVv‡j (ii) wb‡P bvgv‡j
myZvi Uvb KZ n‡e|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
e¯‘i fi, m = 2 kg
Z¡iY, a = 2.2 ms2
AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 9.8 ms2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, (i) mgZ¡i‡Y Dc‡i DVv‡j myZvi Uvb, T1 = ?
(ii) mgZ¡i‡Y wb‡P bvgv‡j myZvi Uvb, T2 = ?
(i) Avgiv Rvwb,
e¯‘‡K wbw`©ó Z¡i‡Y Dc‡i DVv‡j D³ Z¡i‡Yi mv‡_ AwfKl©R Z¡iY hy³ n‡e| Kv‡RB G‡¶‡Î myZvi Uvb,
T1 = m (a + g) = 2  (2.2 + 9.8) = 24 N (Ans.)
(ii) Avevi e¯‘ wbw`©ó Z¡i‡Y wb‡P bvg‡j Zv AwfKl©R Z¡iY †_‡K ev` hv‡e| Kv‡RB myZvi Uvb,
T2 = m (g-a)
= 2  (9.8  2.2)
= 15.2 N (Ans.)

cÖkœ-23| g½j MÖn I c„w_exi `iZ¡ cÖvq 108 km| g½j MÖ‡ni fi nj 6.5  1023 kg| f‚-c„‡ôi Dci 50
kg f‡ii GKRb †jvK‡K g½j MÖn wK cwigvY e‡j AvKl©Y Ki‡e ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
g½j MÖn I c„w_exi `iZ¡, R = 108 km
= 1011 m
g½j MÖ‡ni fi, M = 6.5  1023 kg

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 †jvKwUi fi, m = 50 kg
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, †jvKwUi Dci g½j MÖ‡ni AvKl©Y ej, F = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
Mm
F = G R2
6.67310–11N-m2kg–26.51023 kg50 kg
= (1011 m)2
 F = 2.17  10–7 N. (Ans.)

cÖkœ-24| Puv‡`i fi 7.35  1022 kg Ges e¨vmva© 1.74  106 m (i) Puv‡`i c„‡ô g Gi gvb KZ ? (ii) Zv
c„w_ex c„‡ôi g Gi Zzjbvq KZ ¸Y ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
Puv‡`i fi, Mm = 7.35  1022 kg
Puv‡`i e¨vmva©, Rm = 1.74  106 m
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, (i) Puv‡`i c„‡ô AwfKl©R Z¡iY, gm = ?
gm
Ges (ii) g = ?
e
Avgiv Rvwb, Puv‡`i †¶‡Î,
GMm
gm = 2
Rm
6.67310–11N-m2kg–27.351022kg
=
(1.74106 m)2
 gm = 1.62 ms–2 (Ans.)
gm 1.62
Avevi, g = 9.8
e
1
= 6 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-25| f‚c‡„ ôi †_‡K 300 km E‡aŸ© e„ËvKvi c‡_ MwZkxj GKwU DcMÖ‡ni AveZ©bKvj KZ ? c„w_exi fi I
e¨vmva© h_vµ‡g 6  1024 kg I 6730 km.
mgvavb :
†`Iqv Av‡Q, f‚cô „ †_‡K D”PZv, h = 300 km = 300000 m
c„w_exi fi, M = 6  1024 kg
c„w_exi e¨vmva©, R = 6730 km = 6.73  106 m
gnvKl©xq aª“eK, G = 6.67  10–11 N-m2 kg–2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, DcMÖ‡ni AveZ©bKvj, T = ?
1
 2  3
Avgiv Rvwb, h =  GMT2 
 –R
 4 

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 1
 GMT 2  3
ev,   =h+R
 4
2

ev, GMT2 = (h + R)3 42
ev, T2 = 4 (h  R ) 3
2

GM
4 2 ( h  R ) 3
T = GM
4 2  (300000 m  6.73  10 6 m) 3
=
6.67  10 11 N-m 2 kg 2  6  10 24 kg
= 3.427 10 7 mkg = 5854 s
= 1 hr 37 min 34 s (Ans.)

cÖkœ-26| GKwU K…wÎg DcMÖn f‚c‡„ ôi wbi¶e„Ë eivei ce©w`‡K AvewZ©Z n‡”Q| K…wÎg DcMÖ‡ni AveZ©b Kvj
12 NÈv n‡j DcMÖnwUi e„ËvKvi c‡_i e¨vmva© KZ ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, AveZ©bKvj, T = 12 hr
= (12  60  60) s
= 43200 s
gnvKl©xq aª“eK, G = 6.67  10–11 N-m2 kg–2
c„w_exi fi, M = 6  1024 kg
DcMÖ‡ni e„ËvKvi c‡_i e¨vmva© = c„w_exi e¨vmva© + f‚cô
„ n‡Z D”PZv
=R+h
1
 GMT 2  3
Avgiv Rvwb, h =   –R
 4
2

1
 2  3
ev, h+R =  GMT2 

 4 
1
 11 2 2 2
=  6.67 10 N-m kg  62 10 kg  (43200 s) 
24 3

 4 
= (1.89  1022 Nm2s2 kg–1) 3
1

h+R = 2.66  107 m (Ans.)

cÖkœ-27| Puv` c„w_ex †_‡K 3.9  105 km `‡i Aew¯’Z| Puv‡`i fi 7.3  1022 kg Ges c„w_exi fi 6 
1024 kg| c„w_ex I Puv‡`i gvSLv‡b Ggb GKwU we›`y Av‡Q †hLv‡b GKwU KYvi Dci c„w_exi AvKl©Y ej I Puv‡`i
AvKl©Y ej mgvb| c„w_ex n‡Z H ¯’v‡bi `iZ¡ KZ ?
mgvavb : g‡bKwi, c„w_ex n‡Z H ¯’v‡bi `iZ¡ = x m
 Puv` n‡Z H m_v‡bi `•iZ¡ = (3.9  108 – x) m
g‡bKwi, H ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z †Kvb e¯‘i fi = m kg
 c„w_ex I e¯‘i ga¨Kvi AvKl©Y ej = G M e2m
x
Mmm
Abyiƒcfv‡e, Puv` I e¯‘i ga¨Kvi AvKl©Y ej = G
(3.9 10 8  x ) 2

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†`Iqv Av‡Q, c„w_exi fi, Me = 6 1024kg
Puv‡`i fi, Mm = 7.3 1022kg
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, c„w_ex †_‡K `iZ¡, x = ?
cÖkœg‡Z, GM2e m  GM m8 m 2
x (3.9 10  x )
Me Mm
ev, 
x2 (3.9  10 8  x ) 2
6  10 24 7.3  10 22
ev, 
x2 (3.9  10 8  x ) 2
82.19 1
ev, 
x2 (3.9  10 8  x ) 2
9.06 1
ev, 
x 3.9 10 8  x
ev, x = 3.53  109 – 9.06 x
ev, 10.06 x = 3.53  109
 x = 3.50  108 m (Ans.)

cÖkœ-28| c„w_exi AYymi I Acmi h_vµ‡g 1.47  1011 m I 1.52  1011 m. Acmi ¯’v‡b c„w_exi MwZ
Acm‡ii KZ¸Y ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, AYym•i, r2 = 1.47  1011 m
Acm•i, r1 = 1.52  1011 m
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, vv2 = ?
1

Avgiv Rvwb, 12 r1v1 = 12 r2v2

ev, vv2  rr1 = 1.52  1011m
11

1 2 1.47  10 m
 v = 1.034 (Ans.)
v2
1

1
cÖkœ-29| P›`ªc„‡ô AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvb f‚-c„‡ô AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gv‡bi 6 | c„w_exi fi Puv‡`i f‡ii cÖvq 81
¸Y n‡j c„w_exi e¨vm Puv‡`i e¨v‡mi KZ ¸Y ?
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, c„w_exi c„‡ô AwfKl©R Z¡iY = ge
c„w_exi fi = Me
ge
 P›`ªc„‡ô AwfKl©R Z¡iY, gm = 6
Me
P‡›`ªi fi, Mm = 81
de Re
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, d = R = ?
m m
GM
Avgiv Rvwb, g = R2

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 GMm
P‡›`ªi †¶‡Î, gm = R 2 ................. (i)
m
GMe
c„w_exi †¶‡Î, ge = R 2 ................. (ii)
e
(i) bs mgxKiY‡K (ii) bs mgxKiY Øviv fvM K‡i cvB,
gm GMm Re2
ge = Rm2  GMe
Re2 gm Me
ev, R 2 = g  M
m e m
ge
 de 2 6 Me 81
ev, d  = g  M = 6
 m e e
81
de 81
 dm = 6 = 3.67 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-30| (i) f‚-c„ô n‡Z KZ DuPz‡Z AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvb f‚-c„‡ôi AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gv‡bi A‡a©K n‡e ? (ii)
KZ f‚-Af¨š‡i AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvb f‚-c„‡ôi A‡a©K n‡e ? [c„w_exi e¨vmva© 6.38  106 m]
mgvavb : (i) g‡b Kwi, c„w_exi AwfKl©R Z¡iY = g
awi, c„w_ex n‡Z h D”PZvq AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvb f‚-c„‡ôi AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gv‡bi A‡a©K|
g
 g(h) = 2
awi, c„w_exi e¨vmva© = R
Avgiv Rvwb,
g(h) R2
g = (R + h)2
g
2 R2
ev, g = (R + h)2
ev, (R + h)2 = 2R2
ev, R + h = 2 R
ev, h = R ( 2 – 1) = 0.41 R
 h = 0.41  6.38  106 m = 2.62  106 m (Ans.)
(ii) Avevi awi, f‚-c„ô n‡Z h MfxiZvq AwfKl©R Z¡iY g(–h) Gi gvb f‚-c„‡ô AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gv‡bi
g
A‡a©K n‡e|  g(– h) = 2
Avgiv Rvwb,
 h
g(– h) = g 1 – R
 

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 1  h
ev, 2 = 1 – R
 
ev, R = 2(R – h)
R
ev, h = 2
6.38  106 m
ev, h = 2
 h = 3.19  106 m (Ans.)

cÖkœ-31| K¨v‡fwÛm-Gi GKwU cix¶vq cÖ‡Z¨KwU †QvU †Mvj‡Ki fi wQj 0.02 kg Ges cÖ‡Z¨KwU eo †Mvj‡Ki
fi wQj 5 kg| †QvU †MvjK `ywUi ms‡hvMKvix `‡Êi ˆ`N©¨ 0.5 m Ges GKwU †QvU †MvjK n‡Z GKwU eo
†Mvj‡Ki e¨eavb wQj 0.1 m| hw` Szjb Zv‡ii e¨eZ©b aª“eK 4.8  10–8 kg m2/s2 nq Ges ZviwU 0.4°
cvK Lvq Z‡e gnvKl©xq aª“e‡Ki gvb KZ n‡e wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, †QvU †Mvj‡Ki fi, m = 0.02 kg
eo †Mvj‡Ki fi, M = 5 kg
`‡Êi ˆ`N©¨,  = 0.5 m
†QvU I eo †Mvj‡Ki `iZ¡, r = 0.1 m
Zv‡ii e¨eZ©b aª“eK, = 4.8  10–8 kg m2s–2
e¨eZ©b †KvY,  = 0.4°= 0.4
c

180
=(6.9 10 ) 3 c

†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, gnvKl©xq aª“eK, G = ?

2
γθr
Avgiv Rvwb, G = Mm 
8
kg m 2s 2  (6.9  10 3 ) c  (0.1 m) 2
= 4.8  10
5 kg  0.02 kg  0.5 m

= 6.621011 N-m2 kg2 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-32| c„w_exi fi I e¨vmva© P‡›`ªi fi I e¨vmv‡a©i Zzjbvq h_vµ‡g 81 ¸Y I 4 ¸Y eo n‡j G‡`i c„‡ô
AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gv‡bi Zzjbv Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, Me = 81 Mm
Re = 4 Rm
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, g e : g m = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, g = GM2
R

c„w_exi †¶‡Î, ge = GM2e ..................(i)

Re

P‡›`ªi †¶‡Î, ge = GM 2m ..................(ii)

Rm

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(i) bs mgxKiY‡K (ii) bs mgxKiY Øviv fvM K‡i cvB,
ge GM e R m 2
 
gm R e2 GM m
R 2m R m2
= Me  = 81M m  81
= 16
Mm R e2 Mm ( 4R m ) 2

 ge : gm = 81 : 16 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-33| c„w_ex c„ô n‡Z 300 km wfZ‡i g Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| c„w_exi e¨vmva© = 6400 km; gnvKl© aª“eK
= 6.7  10–11 N m2/kg2; c„w_exi NbZ¡ = 5530 kg/m3.
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, h = 300 km = 3  105m
e¨vmva©, R = 6400 km = 6.4  106 m
G = 6.7  10–11 Nm2 kg–2
NbZ¡, = 5530 kg/m3
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, g = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
g = 43 G(R  h )
= 4
3
 6.7  10–11 N m2 kg–2  3.14 
(6.4  106 m– 3  105 m)  5530 kg/m3
= 9.46 ms–2 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-34| f‚-c„ô n‡Z 600 km D‡aŸ© GKwU i‡KU n‡Z Abyf‚wgKfv‡e GKwU †Mvjv wb‡¶c Kiv nj| Dr‡¶cY
†eM KZ n‡j †MvjvwU H D‡”P †_‡K K…wÎg DcMÖ‡ni gZ c„w_ex‡K cÖ`w¶Y Ki‡Z cvi‡e ?
[G = 6.66  10-11 N-m2/kg2; c„w_exi fi = 6  1024 kg; c„w_exi e¨vmva© = 6400 km]
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, D”PZv, h = 600 km = 6  105 m
G = 6.66  1011 N-m2 kg–2
c„w_exi fi, M = 6  1024 kg
c„w_exi e¨vmva©, R = 6400 km
= 6.4  106 m
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, Dr‡¶cY †eM, v = ?
GM
Avgiv Rvwb, v =
Rh
6.66  10 11 N-m 2 kg 2  6  10 24 kg
=
6.4  10 6 m  6  10 5 m
= 7555.5 ms–1
= 7.556 km s–1 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-35| c„w_exi fi 5.98  1024 wK‡jvMÖvg| c„w_ex c„‡ô AwfKl©xq ZiY 9.8 wgUvi/†m2 a‡i c„w_exi e¨vm
wbY©q Ki|

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[G = 6.66  10–11 N-m2 kg–2]
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, c„w_exi fi, M = 5.98  1024 kg
AwfKl©xq Z¡iY, g = 9.8 ms–2
gnvKl©xq Z¡iY, G = 6.66  10–11 N-m2 kg–2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, c„w_exi e¨vm, D = ?
g = GM2
R
2 GM
ev, R =
g

 R= GM
g
6.66  10 11 N-m 2 kg 2  5.98  10 24 kg
=
9.8 ms  2
= 6.375  106 m
 c„w_exi e¨vm, D = 2  R
= 2  6.375  106 m
= 12.75  106 m (Ans.)

cÖkœ-36| GKwU e¯•yi fi 0.25 †KwR Ges AwfKl©xq Z¡iY 9.8 ms–2. e¯‘wUi IRb KZ ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
fi, m = 0.25 kg
AwfKl©xq Z¡iY, g = 9.8 ms–2
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, e¯‘wUi IRb, W = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
W = mg
= 0.25 kg  9.8 ms–2
 W = 2.45 N (Ans.)

cÖkœ-37| c„w_exi c„‡ô GKwU †jv‡Ki IRb 40.5 †KwR n‡j P›`ªc„‡ô Gi IRb KZ n‡e †ei Ki| g‡bKi,
c„w_exi fi P‡›`ªi f‡ii 81 ¸Y Ges c„w_exi e¨vmva© P‡›`ªi e¨vmv‡a©i 4 ¸Y|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
c„w_exi c„‡ô IRb, We = 40.5 kg–wt
Me
Mm = 81
Re
Ges Rm = 4
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, P›`ª c„‡ô IRb, Wm = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
GM
g = R2
GMe
 ge = R 2 ........... (1)
e

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 GMm
Ges gm = 2 .......... (2)
Rm
ge GMe Rm2
GLb, g = R 2  GM
m e m
Me Rm2
= M  R 
m  e
12
= 81  4
 
ge 81
 g = 16
m
We ge
Avevi, W = g
m m
gm
 Wm = g  We
e
16
= 81  40.5 kg-Wt
 Wm = 8 kg-Wt (Ans.)

cÖkœ-38| m‡h©i fi 1.98  1030 wK‡jvMÖvg Ges G = 6.66  1011 N-m2 kg–2 n‡j mh© n‡Z c„w_exi `iZ¡
†ei Ki| [365 w`‡b GK eQi]
mgvavb : g‡bKwi, c„w_exi fi = m
†`Iqv Av‡Q, m‡h©i fi, M = 1.98  1030 kg
gnvKl©xq aª“eK, G = 6.66  10–11 N-m2 kg–2
AveZ©bKvj, T = (365  24  60  60) s
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, `iZ¡, d = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, F = GMm 2
d
Avevi, F = md2
 GMm 2
= md2
d
GM
ev, d3 = GM2 =
  2 
2
 
 T 
2
ev, d3 = GMT2
4
6.66  10 11Nm2 kg 2  1.98  1030kg  (365  24  60  60s) 2
= 4π 2
= 3.32  1033 Nm2s2 kg–1 = 3.32 1033m3
 d = (3.32  1033 m3) 3
1

= 1.49  1011 m = 1.49  108 km (Ans.)

cÖkœ-39| cÖgvY Ki †h, AwfKl©R Z¡iY AwfKl©xq cÖve‡j¨i mgvb|

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mgvavb : g‡bKwi, c„w_exi fi = M
Ges c„w_exi †K›`ª †_‡K GKwU we›`yi `iZ¡ = r
we›`ywU‡Z AwfKl©xq cÖvej¨, E = GM
2
...................(i)
r
Avevi, D³ we›`y‡Z AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = GM
2
.........(ii)
r
mgxKiY (i) Ges (ii) bs Zzjbv K‡i cvB,
g=E
g Ges E Df‡qi AwfgyL n‡”Q c„w_exi †K‡›`ªi w`‡K| AZGe, gvb I w`K Dfq we‡ePbvq AwfKl©R Z¡iY
AwfKl©xq cÖve‡j¨i mgvb| (Proved)

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