PHYSICS

Units and Measurements Sankalp Bharat

1. The errors in the measurement which arise (c) [M 2 ] [L−2 ][T −1 ]

due to unpredictable fluctuations in (d) [M 2 ] [L−1 ][T 0 ]
temperature and voltage supply are: (2023)
(a) Random errors 7. A screw gauge gives the following readings
(b) Instrumental errors when used to measure the diameter of a
(c) Personal errors wire (2021)
(d) Least count errors Main scale reading : 0 mm
Circular scale reading : 52 divisions
2. A metal wire has mass (0.4 ± 0.002) g, Given that 1 mm on main scale corresponds
radius (0.3 ± 0.001) mm and length (5 ± to 100 divisions on the circular scale. The
0.02) cm. The maximum possible diameter of the wire from the above data is:
percentage error in the measurement of (a) 0.026 cm
density will nearly be : (2023) (b) 0.26 cm
(a) 1.4% (c) 0.052 cm
(b) 1.2% (d) 0.52 cm
(c) 1.3%
(d) 1.6% 8. If force [F], acceleration [A] and time [T] are
chosen as the fundamental physical
3. The area of a rectangular field (in 𝑚2 ) of quantities. Find the dimensions of energy.
length 55.3 𝑚 and breadth 25 𝑚 in after (2021)
rounding off the value for correct significant (a) [F][A][T 2]

digit is: (2022) (b) [F][A][T −1 ]

(a) 1.38 × 101
(c) [F][A−1 ][T ]
(b) 1382 (d) [F][A][T ]
(c) 1382.5
(d) 14 × 102 9. A screw gauge has least count of 0.01 mm
and there are 50 divisions in its circular
4. The dimensions [𝑀𝐿𝑇 −2 𝐴−2 ] belong to the: scale. The pitch of the screw gauge is:
(2022) (2020)
(a) magnetic flux (a) 0.25 mm
(b) sell inductance (b) 0.5 mm
(c) magnetic permeability (c) 1.0 mm
(d) electric permittivity (d) 0.01 mm

5. Plane angle and solid angle have (2022) 10. Taking into account of the significant
(a) Units but no dimensions figures, what is the value of 9.99 m – 0.0099
(b) Dimensions but no units m? (2020)
(c) No units and no dimensions (a) 9.98 m
(d) Both units and dimensions (b) 9.980 m
(c) 9.9 m
6. If E and G respectively denote energy and (d) 9.9801 m
gravitational constant, then E/G has the
dimensions of (2021) 11. Dimensions of stress are : (2020)
(a) [M][L ][T ]
−1 −1
(a) [ML2 T −2 ]
(b) [M][L0 ][T 0 ] (b) [ML0 T −2 ]
1
 (c) [ML−1 T −2 ] (2017)
(d) [MLT −2 ] e2
1/2
(a) c 2 [G 4πε ]
0
1/2
12. The intervals measured by a clock given the (b)
1
[
e2
]
2
c G4πε0
following readings:
1 e2
1.25 s, 1.24 s, 1.27 s, 1.21 s and 1.28 s. (c) c 2 G G4πε0
What is the percentage relative error is the 1 e2
1/2
observations? (2020 Covid Re-NEET) (d) c2
[G 4πε0
]
(a) 4%
(b) 16% 17. A student performs an experiment of
(c) 1.6% measuring the thickness of a slab with a
(d) 2% vernier caliper whose 50 divisions of the
main scale. He noted that zero of the vernier
13. The angle of 1’ (minute of arc) in radian is scale is between 7.00 cm and 7.05 cm mark
nearly equal to (2020 Covid Re-NEET) of the main scale and 23rd division of the
(a) 4.85 × 10 rad
−4
vernier scale exactly coincides with the
(b) 4.80 × 10−6 rad main scale. The measured value of the
(c) 1.75 × 10−2 rad thickness of the given slab using the caliper
(d) 2.91 × 10−4 rad will be: (2017)
(a) 7.73 cm
14. In an experiment, the percentage of error (b) 7.23 cm
occurred in the measurement of physical (c) 7.023 cm
quantities A, B, C and D are 1%, 2%, 3% (d) 7.073 cm
and 4% respectively. Then the maximum
percentage of error in the measurement of 18. Planck’s constant (h), speed of light in
X, (2019) vacuum (c) and Newton’s gravitational
1
A2 B 2 constant (G) are three fundamental
Where X = 1 will be constants. Which of the following
C3 D3
3 combinations of these has the dimension of
(a) (10) %
length? (2016 - II)
(b) 16 %
hc
(c) −10 % (a) √ G
(d) 10 %
Gc
(b) √h3/2
15. A student measured the diameter of a small hG
steel ball using a screw gauge of least count (c) √c3/2
0.001 cm. The main scale reading is 5 mm hG
and zero of circular scale division coincides (d) √c5/2
with 25 divisions above the reference level.
If screw gauge has a zero error of –0.004 cm, 19. If energy (E), velocity (V) and time (T) are
the correct diameter of the ball is (2018) chosen as the fundamental quantities, the
(a) 0.053 cm dimensional formula of surface tension will
(b) 0.525 cm be: (2015)
(c) 0.521 cm (a) [EV T ]
−1 −2

(d) 0.529 cm (b) [EV −2 T−2 ]

(c) [E −2 V−1 T −3 ]
16. A physical quantity of the dimensions of (d) [EV −2 T−1 ]
length that can be formed out of c, G and
e2
is [c is velocity of light, G is universal 20. If dimension of critical velocity of liquid
4πε0
flowing through a tube are expressed as νc
constant of gravitation and e is charge]:
2
 ∝[ηxρyrz ] where η, ρ and r are the (d) [F V −1 T]
coefficient of viscosity of liquid, density of
liquid and radius of the tube respectively, 22. In an experiment four quantities a, b, c and
then the values of x, y and z are given by: d are measured with percentage error 1%,
(2015 - Re) 2%, 3% and 4% respectively. Quantity P is
(a) 1,1,1 calculated as follows P =
a3 b2
.% error in P is:
cd
(b) 1, –1, –1
(2013)
(c) –1, –1, 1
(a) 4%
(d) –1, –1, –1
(b) 14%
(c) 10%
21. If Force (F), Velocity (V) and Time (T) are
(d) 7%
taken as fundamental units, then the
dimensions of mass are: (2014)
(a) [F V T ]
−1

(b) [F V T −2 ]
(c) [F V −1 T −1 ]

3
 Answer Key

S1. Ans. (a)

S12. Ans. (c)
S2. Ans. (d)
S13. Ans. (d)
S3. Ans. (d)
S14. Ans. (b)
S4. Ans. (c)
S15. Ans. (d)
S5. Ans. (a)
S16. Ans. (d)
S6. Ans. (d)
S17. Ans. (c)
S7. Ans. (c)
S18. Ans. (c)
S8. Ans. (a)
S19. Ans. (b)
S9. Ans. (b)
S20. Ans. (b)
S10. Ans. (a)
S21. Ans. (d)
S11. Ans. (c)
S22. Ans. (b)

4
 Soluiton

S1. Ans. (a) So,

E [E]
= [G] =
ML2 T−2
= [M 2 L−1 T 0 ]
As the factors controlling temperature and G M−1 L3 T−2
voltage supply are beyond prediction and
control so the error occurred due to S7. Ans. (c)
Pitch
unpredictable fluctuations of temperature Hint: L.C. = CSD
and voltage would be random errors. 1mm
= 100 = 0.01 m = 0.001 cm
S2. Ans. (d) Radius = M.S. + n(L.C.)
𝑚 = 𝜌𝜋𝑟 2 𝑙 = 0 + 52 (0.001)
𝑚 = 0.052 cm
𝜌= 2
𝜋𝑟 𝑙
Δ𝜌 Δ𝑚 2Δ𝑟 Δ𝑙 S8. Ans. (a)
= + + Hint: E ∝ F a Ab T c
𝜌 𝑚 𝑟 𝑙
Δ𝜌 0.002 2 × 0.001 [M1 L2 T−2 ] ∝ [M1 L−2 ]a [LT −2 ]b [T c ]
× 100 = × 100 + × 100 a=1
𝜌 0.4 0.3
0.02 a+b=2⇒b=1
+ × 100 −2a − 2b + c = −2
5
0.2 0.2 2 ⇒c=2
= + + a=1b=1c=2
0.4 0.3 5
= 0.5 + 0.67 + 0.4 E ∝ [F] [A] [T +2 ]
= 1.57
= 1.6% S9. Ans. (b)
Hint: Least count
S3. Ans. (d) =
Pitch
Number of divisions on circular scale
Given, that, length (𝑙) = 55.3 𝑚 Pitch
Breadth (𝑏) = 25 𝑚 ⇒ 0.01 mm = 50
The area of rectangular field is, 𝐴 = ⇒ pitch = 0.5 mm
𝑙 × 𝑏 = 55.3 × 25
= 1382.5 𝑚2 = 1.3825 × 103 𝑚2 = 1.4 × 103 = S10. Ans. (a)
14 × 102 . Hint:
In subtraction the number of decimal
S4. Ans. (d) places in the result should be equal to
Dimensions of magnetic flux the number of decimal places of that
= [𝑀𝐿2 𝑇 −2 𝐴−1 ] term in the operation which contain
Dimensions of self-inductance lesser number of decimal places.
= [𝑀𝐿2 𝑇 −2 𝐴−2 ]
Dimensions of magnetic permeability S11. Ans. (c)
= [𝑀𝐿𝑇 −2 𝐴−2 ] Hint:
Force
Dimensions of electrical permittivity Stress = Area
= [𝑀−1 𝐿−3 𝑇 4 𝐴2 ] M1 L1 T−2
=
L2
So, the correct option is (c)
Stress = M1 L−1 T −2
S5. Ans. (a) S12. Ans. (c)
Plane angle and solid angle have Hint: Mean of given observations
supplementary units. Radian (𝑟𝑎𝑑) is the 1.25 + 1.24 + 1.27 + 1.21 + 1.28
unit ot plane angle and steradian (𝑠𝑟) is = = 1.25 sec
5
the unit of solid angle Plane angle and Mean of errors
solid angle are dimensionless quantities. 0+0.01+0.02+0.04+0.03
=
5
0.1
S6. Ans. (d) = 5
Hint: E = Energy = [ML2 T −2 ] % error =
0.1×100
= 1.6%
G = Gravitational constant 5×1.25
= [M −1 L3 T −2 ]
S13. Ans. (d)
5
 1 0 1 π Hint: ℓ ∝ hx G y c z
Hint: 1 minute of arc= 1′ = (60) = 60 × 180
M 0 L1 T 0 = (ML2 T −1 )x (M −1 L3 T −2 )y (LT −1 )z
radian M x−y L2x+3y+z T −x−2y−z
= 2.91 × 10−4 radian. Equating:
x−y=0
S14. Ans. (b) 2x + 3y + z = 1 }
1
A2 B 2 −x − 2y − z = 0
Hint: X = 1 3 1 1 3
C3
D
⇒ x = ;y = ;z = −
ΔX 2 2 2
% error, X × 100 hG
ΔA 1 ΔB 1 ΔC ⇒ℓ∝√ 3
= 2 A × 100 + 2 B × 100 + 3 C
× 100 + c2
ΔD
3 D × 100 S19. Ans. (b)
= 2% + 1% + 1% + 12% Hint: S.T [E]a [V]b [T]c
= 16% ∝ [ML−2 T −2 ]a [LT −1 ]b [T]c
MT −2 ∝ M a L2a+b T −2a+b+c
S15. Ans. (d) On comparing both sides.
Hint: Reading = MSR + (n × LC) + zero 2a + b = 0 , –2a – b + c = –2
error a = 1, b = –2, c = –2
= 0.5 + (25 × 0.001) + 0.004 we get
= 0.529 cm ST = EV −2 T −2

S16. Ans. (d) S20. Ans. (b)

e2
c Hint: vc ∝ [ηx ρy r z ]
Hint: [c]a [G]b [4πε ] [L1 T −1 ] ∝ [M1 L−1 T −1 ]x [M1 L−3 ]y [L1 ]z
0
= [LT −1 ]a [M−1 L3 T−2 ]b [ML3 T −2 ]c [L1 T −1 ] ∝ [M x+y ][L−x−3y+z ][T −x ]
= La+3b+3c T −a−2b−2c M −b+c Taking comparison on both size
a + 3b + 3c = 1; −a − 2b − 2c x + y = 0, –x – 3y + z = 1, –x = –1
= 0; −b + c = 0 x = 1, y = –1, z = –1
1 1
b=2 c=2
S21. Ans. (d)
a = −2 Force Force
1 Hint: [Mass] = [Accleration] = [Velocity/time]
1 e2 2
[ ]
L = c −2 G 2 4πε0 = [FV −1 T]
1
1 e2 2
L = c2 [G [4πε ] ]
0
S22. Ans. (b)
a3 b2 ΔP
Hint: P = ⇒ P
S17. Ans. (c) cd
Δa Δb Δc Δd
Hint: Least count = 1MSD – 1VSD = ± (3 a + 2 b + c + d)
49
= 5 × 10−2 − 50 × 5 × 10−2 = ±(3 × 1 + 2 × 2 + 3 + 4) ⇒ ±14%
Thickness = 7 + 23 × 10−3 = 7.023 cm

S18. Ans. (c)