Enjoy g7 Social Science

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Grade 7
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T. Gurure, Cl" Chiromo, .1. Nzvirtnlit"i and D. Mapfunde
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SECTION A
HERI"I'AGE. SOCI A[, STU DT ES

"I'OPIC
I
I Iclentity: Family History and Local Heritage
,) t.l
Culrural Heritage
a
,') National History, Sovereignty and Governance "' lti
25
,l
-t Entitlement/Rights and Responsibili ties
35
5 Shelter
6 Social Services and Volunteering
l9
.15
1 Naturai Hcritage
58
l{ Trausport aud Communicatiou
67
()
Work and Leisure ....'.'..
76
I0 Global Issues
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li.
Family
Religions of the World
t,,
)
Morals and Values . ..
"ri
-l Religion and Health
GLI ID;\NCII r\ND IIOUNSE[,l,lNC

AND L,II.-E SKII,I,S
'[o]'lc
r -13
I Relationships . .....
: Norms, Values, Attitudes and Behaviours """' r5l
l5e
-1 Unclerstanding Gender auc{ Gender-Based Violence " "
I trJ
,1 Hurnan Growth and Development ','. .
r6e
5 Health and Well Being
"' lTtt
f,, Unrlerstanding Rights and Responsibilities
ltlt)
1 Educational and Career Guidance
H C i tizenship
and Volunteerism t95
(j
Managernent of Resources and Assets 2{t0
l0 Safety and Protection 204
SECTIOI\ B
TEST PAPER 1
2t9
SECTION C
TEST PAPER 2 253
SECTION D
ANSWI.IRS FOR
SECTION A: IIu'itirgc- Sori:rl Slurlir:s 278
288
( Juitluncc unrl ('ornrse lling lnrl Lifr sliills l,lducntion .................. 294
SECTION B: 308
SECTION C: 311
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Topic I
l.l Marittrl RelationshiPs
OBJECTIVES
Learners shoutd be able to:
. identify characteristics of idcal rrrarital rclationships
. suggest possible causes of ntarital clisptttes
Characteristics of icleal mlrital relatinnships

and thcy both
An ideal rclatio,ship is i,vhcn a rran rrrarrics a wonlan hc lovcs
'raritar
happiry. This rerationsrrip is Lrsuaily confin,ecr
by pay,rcrrt of loboh to thc
li'c togethcr
t<lgethcr as a f-amily. A happy rnarriiigc is
bridc,s fnmiry. In nrost cascs, niarricd pcople livc
characterised by thc tbllowing qtralitics:
Fidelity
other. This implies tltat neither of
T'e h,sba'd ancl t6e wif'e should ahvays be firithtul to each
oLlt of nrarriage'
the two should harrc any other rclatiorrships
Love
The nrarriecl couple shotrld show trttc
This is an important aspect in bindirrg the relationship.
to fanrily metrlbers'
love to one another. The love sltogld also cxtet1d
Honesty
thc relationship bet\vectt tlrc married
This means being truthtirl to otlc anotlrer as it rcintbrccs
it results in conflict'
couple. If the two arc not honcst with cach other,
Respect
rirnited to the couple, The wif-c is cxpccted to
Respect is honouri.g each othcr and is not onry
as such the husband cloes the sal'lle to the wit-e's
slrow rcspect to her-husbarrd's rclativcs and
and resilicnce'
relatives. Respect ulso br.rilds nrarital henltft
Causes of marital disputes
Marital disputes are conflictwithin amarriage. Tlrere are several
causes of marital disputes.
They include lack of respect, dishonesty, misrnanagement
of resources, selfishness, third-
fbrce involvement, fighting tbr control and poor corninur.,ication.
Solutions to marital prohlcnrs

' Tlre parlics involvcd in rnarriage should be open and faithful.
' The two should take time to uuderstantl each other's interests.
' Respectiug one's views despite clifferences in culture, age
alcl religion.
' Thc couplc can invitc a mccliato'whcncvc. a dispute arises.
1.2 Conflict Management
OBJECTIVES
Learners should be able to:
. identify conflicts at horne, school and communitv
. school and in the comrnunity
Causes of conflicts
Corlflict is caused by many factors. It can clevelop at home, in the conrnrunity
or at school.
Causes of conflicts
Conflict is caused by marty factors at home, in the community or at school.
Conflict at honre
This could be as a result of ftrllor,r,ing factors:
Unclear roles and responsibility

This is when people fail to understand and exesute thcir roles and responsibilities
at honrc.
Therefore, when one fhils to execute his or lier roles. conflict can
develop.
Greediness and individualism
This is whett otre member of the lamily wants everything to belong to
6irn or her This unfair
distribution of resources can lead to disagreements.
Favouritism
An example is giving one
This is giving affention to one child at the expense of other children.
punishment. This causes sibliflg
child more positive rewards whilst giving thi other excessive
rivalry which leads to conflict in the famity'
Lack of transParency
in the horne should be open
Transparency is an important aspect in the home. Everything done
to every family member so as to avoid mistrust'
Comrnunication challenges
in one another'
when there is no communication, family members may begin to lose trust
Failure to corrrnunicate leads to speculalion of issues which is unhealthy'
UnemploYment
leads to failure to
It is a cause of financial challenges. The source of income is affected which
access basic ueeds resulting in conflict
Religious differences
tnat'riage. Having the
Conflict is noted as one clesires his or her religion to be adopted in the
Same religion but differe nt rlenatninations also causes conflict'
Fig 1.1 Dispute at honte
Conflict at school
resources sttch as
Conflict at schoolhas many causes. They involve favouritism, shorlage of
and intolerance'
books, bullying, self-centredness, theft, differences in interests or religion
Drug abuse atrcl vandalism can also result in conflict'
19
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Fig 1.2 Conflict t t school
Conflicts in thc conl nl u n ity

A community is a group of people living in the same area with shared values ancl norms.
However, people in a comrnunity can have different views in religion, society issues and
politics. Such differences can result i, conflict as rollows:
Differences in religious and political beliel's

People are fiee to belong to a religion or political association of their choice. When cornmunity
members fail to tolerate each other's views conflict can arise. People fight, hate, clespise a,rl
scxnetinrcs hurt each other because of thcir cliffrrrences.
Power
This is when people in the community fight over authoritative power. Wren people's roles in
the community are not clear as to who is in charge of a given system, conflict will arise.
Scarcity of resources
Shortage of resources such as land, water, food, minerals and any others resources can lead to
conflict. This happens wheu people fight to have access to the limited resources.
Lack of respect
Cornnlunity tnetnbet's are expected to respcct thc authorities wlro in turn also respects thc
community members. If ihere is lack of respect between the two, conflicts will clevelop.
Suspicions and accusations

Iu some communities. people fl'om the same lamily or the community might suspect or
accuse eaclt otltcr of negative or destructive intcntions towa'ds others. Such accusations and
su.rpicions include witchcraft, immorality and theli.
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Ways of resolving conflicts
Controlling conflicts can
Whilst conflicts seem to be unavoidable, they need to be controlled.
be done in many ways in order to avoid or reduce the risk
of worsening the conflicts' The
following ways can be used to control or resolve conflicts.
Dialogue
This is when the parties involved in a conflict come together
to discuss their differences in a
bid to understand each other.

Respect
it requires both parties to respect one another' This is
For a rlialogue to be successful,
achieved by accommodating each other's views'
Arbitration
a conflict' This
This is when an uninterested or neutral person or party is asked to resolve
the conflicting people
person or parfy is therefore invited to facilitate the discussion between
with the aim to end the conflict.
Negotiating in good faith

trade off. This means that
This is when both of the conflicting people or parries are rvilling to
thcy should bc in a position to willingly let the other win the conflict'
Diffusion of conflict
none of them is willing
This is wherr the conflicting parties agree to ctisagree. This implies that
to accept the other and they agree not to stop conflicting.
lixercisc .,\
Scction A: N'Iultiple Choicc l8 rnlrksl

1, is a characteristic of an ideal marital relationship.
n. Ctt*tine B' lnsecurity C' Fidelity D. Hiding
2. Indigenous marital relationships are marked by the paying of
A. wildlif'e B. lobola C. resPect D. tithe
3. can cause marital disPutes.
A. Honesty B. Faithfulness C' Respect D. Infidelity
4. Conflict at school can be caused by
A. buliying B. insecurity C. fldelitY D. hiding
5. causes conflict in the community'
A. Loyalry B. Suspicion C' HonesfY D' PaYing
A. Arbitration B. ResPect C. Fidelity D. Begging

7. UnemploYment causes challenges.
A. communication B. insecurities C. financial D. social
ry
is a common cause of conflict at home.
A. Honesty B. Favouritisrn C. Honesty D. Love
Scction B: Structurctl Que stions I l2 rnurl<sl
l. Define the following ter-rns;
a) Conflict management
b) Marital relationship l2l
2. state any twcl characteristics of an ideal marital relationship. t2l
3. outli,e any four ways of resolving conflict in the family. t{l
5. Suggest any fwo ways of rnanaging confliuts. 12)
6. Explain how favouritism can lead ro disputes in the fhmily? t2l
Diflerent Languages and cultures of zimbatlve
OBJECTIVES
Learners should be able
. list languages spoken in Zimbabwe
. identify known cultural practices in different parts of Zinrbabwe
Languages spoken in Lirnhnhwe

A language refers to words and phrases that are usect by a particular ethnic group when
communicating. In Zimbabwe, all ethnic languages are cqually important and there are sixteen
official languages in the country. These inclucle English, ChiShona, IsiNclebele, ChiNdau,
ClriBafwe, Nambya, Chewa, 1-iKalanga, Khoisnn. XiChangani, Tonga. TsiVenda, SeTswana,
ScStrtho, Xhosa and Sign language. Most of thusc larrguagcs havc dialecrs which are the
various ways in which a language is spoken.
Cultural practi(.(.s in Zimbilbwc

Culture is the beliel, behal'iour, language, fcrod and a complete way of life of a particular
group of people. Zirnhahwe ltas indigenous traditional practices that are still being done.
Tlrey include the practir:e of rain making ceremonies, kurova guva/umbuyiso. welcoming
a
daughter-in-law and nhimbeiilima. Culturai practices also include perfbgning of dances such
as Mbende in Murehwa, Muchongoyo in Chipinge antl Tsotsa in Mutoko. Ndebele
culnrral
danccs includc Isitshikitsha, Amabhikiza and Ingquzu among others. Circurncision is another
cultural practice that is dotte iir Zirnbabwe especially with the VaRemba people.
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s-nil
(left) und u wuy of greeting (right)
Fig t.3 A Zimbubweun truditiltrul dunce
1.4 Custodians of Culture
OBJECTIVES
.outlinethehierarchyofindigenousleadershipinZimbabwe
. explain the role of indigenous leaders
. deicribe how chiefs are installed and buried
lndigenous leadership hierarchy. in Zimbabwe

or system that it follows. It starts from the
Zi*rbabwean indigenous readership has a hierarchy
and then the chief. The leaders deal with
vilrage heacl at the bottom, fo[owed by the headman
disputes in the rural areas'
village disputes at traditional courts that help [o resolve
Duties and iurisdiction of Indigenous lcadership

of each indigenous lsader'
The table below shows the duties or responsibitities
Duties/ resPonsibilities
uties such as safeguarding sacred days

Village head
a Settles disputes at village 1evel
I Leadsintheperfotmanceofculturalactivitiesatvillagelevel
at the village levcl
a checks on land bounclaries and resolving land disputes
Distributes food on behalf of the headman
Headsman . Assists in canying'ut the chief's duties il
.
. Issues out land in consultation with the chief
. Reports to the police crimes committed in his area.
' Recommends to the chief people to be appointed as village heads
' Pertbrms other duries in accorclance to the customary law
Chief . Issues out land to headmen and village heads
' Maintains traditional activities done in their area of jurisdiction
. Supervises the headman and the village head
. Prevents unauthorised settlernents
' commruricates with ancestors on bchail'of thcir commnnities
*_Pr*. rlr..,rrt.",rr. ing customary laws
Table LI Duties oJ-indilgenoas leaders
lnstall:ltiolr and burinl of thie l.s

Chief's are regardcd os thc most inrportant pcoplc in a society. Theretbrc,
they are significant
and are treated with great respect and honour as follows:
Installation of a chief
Installation of a chief refers to the process of appointing a person to assurne the position
of
chieftainship. This is done i, a specialised h-aditional a.cl ritual seremony. Installation
of
chicfs can bc done in different ways in various cnlturcs.
Ndebele culture
When aNdebele chief is installecl, he sits on the thtone during his installation and is given
a .leopard skin to wear as a symbol of power and high ofiice. The chiets wear the
leopard
skin on their waist whitst the kings wear it over rheir shoulder.s. A spear is also handed
over to him as a symbol of power. The chief is covered with medicirral fat throughout
his
body in a process called ukugcotshwa to irnpart dignity, adrniration and respect. Chiefs
arc
installed from the royal farnily. This means the chief's brother or any of the chief's solls
can
assutne chrellainship aftcr a chief has died. The end of thc installation process is rnarked
with
presetttation of gifts to the new chief such as cattle, chicken, goats and
sheep by his people.
Shona culture
The shc'na chief.s are believcd to be choscn fi'orn the royal f'anrily by the spirit mediums.
The ceremonial ritual of installing a chief is done with all village heads an4 heaclmen
present. The new chief is rnade to carry the corpse of his prcdece ssor
down a slope to
where he is to lower it into the cave for burial. This process is done to rnake the new
chief courageous' After this process, tlre new chicf sits in front of the people during
the
installation cerelnony where he is given chiefly ernblems. The emblems include a ritual
dress (r'oyalty of the chief). a spear (symbol of pr-rwer) and a handf'ul of soil to indicate
that he is the custodian of the land. After the installation ceremony, peoplc prcsent gif
ts
to their tlew chief as a sigtt of loyalty. A traclitional party can be organised to celebrate.
n ll.rr
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Fig 1,4 Installutiorr of u chief
Burial of chief.s
The death of a chief is highly considered as a great loss to the cornmunity. When a chief
dies. the llews is not imrnediately communicated. This is because there are cultural practices
and procedur:es that should be followed. It is also done to prevent people from fighiing over
the position as well as avoiding panic within the people. The news ii also prevented from
reaching the enemies in order to avoid the society from being invaded without a chief. Chiefs
are buried secretly in a cave known in Shona as Ninga. Only the choseu village elders atteld
the burial' In prc-colonial Zimbabwe, the elders would go to a far way place for so,re days
to dry the chief's body before burial in a bid to preserve it. This was done by cutting open
the chief's stomach and rernoving the intestinus. After d.yirg the body (mummificatioi),:rt is
wrapped with cattle hide ready for burial in a secret cave. After the secret burial, the people
would be informed of the chief's death and funeral procession will be done as if the chief has
died on that day. A fake burial is done and a sacred holiday known in Shona as mahakurinnt,e
where people are not allowed to worlc is pronounced to mark the mourning of tfre chief. The
chief's speal'is then handed over to the next new chief.
1.5 Preservation of Heriitage Sites
OBJECTIVES
. identify major heritage sites of Zimbabwe
. describe ways of preserving heritage sites of Zimbabwe
t?
Ma.ior heritage sites af Zimbabwe
There arc nlany significant historical as well as cultural heritage sites across Zirubabwe' These
are foupd in different regions and contain valuable history of the country. The table below
shows some of these heritage sites.
Heritage site Description

The Nj elele/ Matoj eni/ Mabweadziva This is a sacred shrine in the Matobo area where
the Mwari cult is found. The place is believed to be
safeguarded by the rain making rlessenger and thc
spirit medium. The rain making ceretnony known as
Ilvosarra is conducted at this shrine'
Heroes Acre This is a herituge site found in Hurure, where national

heroes and heroines are buried. It reminds citizens of
the sellless effort made by the freedom fighters of
Zimbabwe to attain liberation.
Zirnbabwe This heritage site is found in Masvingo. It was a pre-

colonial city believed to be built by thc allcostors of
the Shona people together with the Bantu speaking
people. It housed societies of around 10 000 people
even thouglt some lived at a distance fiorn the stone
ruins.
Victoria Fatls It is a heritage site found in the north west part of

tl:e courtlry. it is also a major tourist attractiorr of
the country and one of the world's seven wonders'
Mctoria Falls is nicknamed Mosi-oa-Tunya, which
n'reans the smoke that thunders.
Chirnoio in Mozambique Chimoio is a heritage site in Mozambiquc which is

,:
aligned to Zimbabwe's liberation history. It is wherc
thousands of freedom fighters and refugees were
killed in a bomb attack. Those dcceased from the
bornbing were buded in tnass Sraves-
Freedom The Freedom Camp is a libcration heritage site found

in Zarnbia. The former Zarnbi'an president Kenneth
Kaunda had given it to Zimbabwean, Mozambican
and Angolan liberation movements to use for rnilitary
purposes. The Rhodesian tbrces launched an air raid
in I 978 arrd killed hundreds of Zimbabweans' Mass
gr.rves for the victims are found qqUE site'
Tsble 1.3 Heritage sites of Zimhobwe
t9
Preservation of heritage sites
Heritage sites are places, structures and features that are recognised
as being of great
of heritage
significance to a country's religious, cultural and economic history' Conservation
especially for
sites is very important tecause it provides a sense of identity and continuity
that generate foreign
future generations. Heritage sites can also create tourist attraction centres
to preserve heritage
curency for a country. tt is therefore every citizen's patriotic responsibility
sites. There are two ways in which heritage sites can be preserved
which are indigenous and
contemporary.
Indigenous wtlys of prescrving heritagc

These are religious, traditional and cultural ways of preserving heritage sites and are as
follows:
Taboos
Taboos are a set of culturat rules made by a society that prohibit
people from disrespectirrg
Shrine, and are
heritage sites. Most heritage sites are considered sacred, such as the Njelele
from
therefore associated with taboos. Such taboos include restriction of a non-believers
the site. In addition,
enteri6g the sites or touching, misplacing or rearranging any object on
vanish if they do not
solrle heritage sites are associated with a cultural belief that one can
follow the taboos.
Spiritual beliefs
world' such
spiritual beliefs are how heritage sites are believed to be linked to the spiritual
atheritage
ueters preserve the sites as it is believed that if an individual does somethingwrong
The Heroes Acre is
sites. it will anger the ancestors who will in tum punish them severely.
liberation
believed to host the spirits of the freedom fighters who contributed to the country's
River is where
hence the fear of angering them if one misbehaves at the site. The Zambezi
pollute tlle
tie Nyaminyami,.ir..-goa spirit is believed to reside. Therefore, it is forbidden to
water. In additiol, th" ihirrhoyi Caves are protected in the same way as it
is believed to host
a sacred place
water spirits inside the caves. The Nyanguni Mountain is also believed to be
and people are not allowed to behave in unethical ways'
Contemporary wilys of prustrving heritage

such as setting
These are modern ways of preseruing heritage sites. They include stntegies
up laws and. regulations as well as implementing security services. The National
Museums
andMonuments of Zimbabwe togetherwith the governmenthas setup some
of the followiflg
strategies to preserve heritage sites:
Laws
The acts are
These are acts that are put in place by the government to protect heritage sites.
safeguarded and implementedby the law enforcers. Such acts include the
paying of viewing
such sites. In
fees to maintain heritage sites as we[[ as preventing people from destroying
who break such
addition, there are heavy penalties and fines that are imposed on individuals
laws.
N9
Fencing
This is a way of protecting the heritage sites fiom unlawful entry. Such
a measure is irnportant
as it prevents vandalisn'r and theft in heritage sites, Examples oi
heril.age sites that are fencecl
include the chinhoyi caves and the National Heroes Acre.
1. Conduct a modelling show illustrating the various cultural attires from Zimbabwe.
2. Drarnatise the duties of a chief in a rural community.
3. Research on any heritage site in your local area or close to your area and make an
informative presentation about them.
JUIVIBLN I,AI{I)
Rearrange thc following words to come up with farnily history, local heritage
and conflict
management terrns and explain their meaning.
cLUE: The first letter of the given words is already in place.

MTAAIRL BRLUAI DIESTPUS
FYDIIET HEIATGER COINLFTC
INLSITAILANATO CHFIE CUUELRT PRNESVIREG
Summary
' An idcal nrarital relaticnship has lovc, fidelity. lroncsty and rcspect.
" Indigenous leaclership includes village iieads, heaclsman ancl the r:hief.
' National heritage sites of Zin-rbabwc inclucle the Great Zirnbabwe, Victoria Falls, Heroes
Acre and the Njelele Shrine.
Arbitration - resolution tlrrough a thrrd neutral party

Egocentrism - thinting highly of oneself and not'others
Lobola - bride price
Heritage - cultural lcgacy
Vandalism - destruction
'19
Section A: Multiple Choice [8 Marksl
relationship?
t. which of the following is not a characteristic of an ideal
A. Love B. Honest C' Respect D' Hatred
2. can cause disPutes in the familY'

alEit"gt-"t, B. obedience C. LoyaltY D, Honest
3. What does infertilitY mean?

A. Failure to make money B'
Having no trust
C. Inability to have children D'
Unable to work
4. Select any iactor below which can cause
conflict at school'
A. Teacher giving pencils to all children
B. Children sharing fcrod eqtrally
C. Class monitor giving books to his friends only
D.
Head's greetings at assemblY
5. What is a cornmunitY?
A. Village head' headman and chief
B. A place where people gather for meetings
jirlrg in a same area with shared noffns aud values
C. A group of people
D. A grouP of related PeoPle
6. How can PeoPle resolve a conflict?
A. Fighting infront of teachers
B. Ignoring each other
C. Enganging in a dialogue
D. Reporting to one's best friend
7. The tbilowing are all heritage sites in
Zimbabws except
A. Nyangani Mountain B.ChinhoYi Caves
C. Freedorn CamP D. Great Zirnbabwe
L
The is the initial or lowest traditional court'
A. village B. chief C. rnagistrate D. headman
Scctltlntl:Strur:turctlQucstionsIl2Mnrlis|
12)
t. List any two olficial languages of Zimbabwe' t2l
2. What is the function of traditional courts?
12)
3. Explain why a chief's burial place is kept as a secret. is buried? rl
4. Wtrat is the Shona name of the cave in which a chief t
[3]
5'ListanythreenationalheritagesitesinZimbabwe.
6.Outlineoneresponsibiliffofeachofthefollowing:
a) village head
b) heafunan
c)chief t3l
12)
7. Why was the death of a chief not announced irnmediately?
(}
Cultural Heritase
2.1 Flealthv Ilov-Girl ltelationsh i ps
OBJECTIVES
. idcrrtily hcalthy boy-girl rclationships
. clcscribc healthy boy-girl rclationsh ips
Healthv bo"v-girl relationsh ips

A hoy-girl rclatiorlship is onc in rvhislr a ho;- ancl a sirl slrarc tiicndship.
Fricnilship begilis wherr
tlic two havc thc sillne irttcrcsts. valttcs attcl conrrnon unclcrstanrJing of'onc
anothor. A healthy
boy-girl relationship is gtridecl by principlcs that cnsurc tlrat the tiicnctship praintainecl.
is SucS
principles inclLrde rcspect' assertivcttcss. tolcrancc an<j good comrnunicaiio'
skills. Culturally,
firrnily ttrctttbcrs assist irr clcvclopirrg arrrl nraintainirrg lrcalrhy boy-gir.l rclati6psSips.
The a,rrt
is rnainly rcspon-siblc tbr guicling thc girl whilst thcirnclc is r"spoiriblc
firr hclping thc boy.
A hcalthy boy-gir'l rclationship can bcr sccrr thr-ouglr thc lirlloiving:
. Playing togcther at horrc
. Hclpilig each othcr with sclrool work
. Assisting cach othcr rvith chorcs
. Sharing ol idcas. aclvicc. ancl antbitions
'ects
of Agc ()n N{arriage ard population Grolvth
roruECrrvES
I
i .t,earners should be able to:
r'clatc tlrc auc t>l'rnirrrriagc to popLrlation grorvth
i
analy:-]|,.,,8:,., rf rnarriagc typcs on popLrlatiorr growtlr
I
(':11)
growth
Ageo marriage types and their etlects on population many area. It is caused by
population growth is the increase in the nunrber of people in an
migration and the increased number of marriages'
factors such as immigration, rurar-to-urban
Age of marriage (early and delnyed)

Earlymarriagesinvolveyoutlgpeoplewhoarecorrsideredtobeundertheageofmarriage. the age of
any marriage of people who are below
In Zirnbabwe, &n early or child marriage is at a late age' rhe age of
eighteen (r a). Delav'o **'iug' in'oii*
;;
foô.i''i':tlf1,1:::*
;:-di";J** on f,opulation growth such as the following:
"u"cts
Ducrcilse in PuPultrtion
I ncreasc in PtlPulutiotf
@hat ate not readY for
ffig* inorease the possibilities ot that
pregnancy can succumb to.many c.omplications
ilre parents having more children
iouy t"ua to death and child mortality'
rnan[g" .ut*t"tt in a decrease in child

M""y "lr.tldr"rTom early matriages also E"l"y"d
implyan increase in population from more
children that are born
Marriage tYPes
each of them has its own effect o, populatiotr
There are different types of marriages and
g.";h- it e table U"iow sumtnarises the three main types of
tnarriages:
Mnrritge tYPc
at the children from such
MonogamY
a marriage do not have a significant increase in population growth'
le' In such a-maniage''the
PolygamY
chances ofhaving more children are high
which in t"* increases the population'
Child Rearing
OBJECTIVES
' analyse thc effects of child birth.on the. mo,thel
the child'
: Lili;""-rtr"e of child bea'ing to her health and the welfa'e of
Effects of child bearing
child bearing refers to the process of con-ceiving and giving
birth. This process can develop
varied health effects. such effects catr affect ttre treatttr
of the nrother as well as the health
and the welfare of the chikl.
Health of thc mother

The effects of child bearing on the health of the rnothcr
include the following:
' Loss of blood during labour ancl lack of proper care during delivery can be tbtal
' High blood pressure can be fatal for the mother if not monitored.
' Nutlient status is compromised which can cause d.iseases like
anemia.
' There is lrigh risk of cornplications especially fbr
wopren who bear chilclrc' at thc
age of tbrty and above.
Health and wclla.re of'thc child

The elTects of child bearing on the health and welfare
of the child arc as follows:
' The child ca, suffer front malnutrition if the fzrnrily does not have adequate
resources to
providc fbod for the child.
' If the hcalth cf the mother is poor, the child will bc prone to low
birth weig6t.
' There is risk of nrother to child HIV and AIDS tra,smission.
' Tlte child is easily exposed to environmental dangers
especially if it is not bom under
proper and monitored conditions.
1. -Dramatise any way of a hearthy boy-girr reiationship.

2' Debate on the effects of family size on population growth
and the economy of a
country.
3' Discus the health effects of child bearing on the mother and welfare of the child.
Sunrrnal'\'
' Healthy boy-girl relationships receive guictance and counselling
fi-om family members.
' Early ttrarriagcs can lcad to an incroasc in population growth
whilst late marriages can
reduce population growth.
' The health tlf the nrtlther can bc affectcd with inureaserl
chilcl bearing.
('r9
Child bearing - giving birth
Taboo - forbidden offense
Section A: Multiple Choice [8 Marksl

totetn if they get married?
L What is believed to happen to people of the sarle
A. Become verY rich
B. TheY become blind
C. TheV give birth to disabled children
D. TheY change to animals , ,- --
is guided by principles such as
n healttry Uoy-glrt relationship ---;-;;T,
D. blaming
A. disresPect B. unfriendlY C. tolerance relation'
3. The is responsible for guiding the girl in a boy-girl
B. sister C. uncle D. aunt
A. brother
4. Thefollowingareallgoodboy-girlrelationshipmoralsexcept D.
A. kindness B. trustworthY C. honest mistrnrst
5. The act of giving birth to a child is called

B. child minding
A. child sPacing
D. babysitting
C. child bearing
6. Population gro\Mth is increased by
A. old age B. late marriages
C. early marriages D. courtshiP

mother'
7. is an effect of continuous child bearing on the
A. Good health
B. Extended life sPan
C. Health cornPlications
D. HaPPY familY
of the child.
8. Too much child bearing can affect the
B. wetfare C. age D. colour
A. gender
Section R: Structurecl Questions [12 Marksl
121
l. What is meant by the term boy-girl relationship'
irl relattonshtP'i
3. Explain ttre meaning of'child bearlg' ,
12)
expected in a good boy-girl relationship'
1
i2l
4. ;rffi;;;;;;;"rals t4l
5. Outline four disadvantages of early
marriage'
(9
National History,
Sovereignty and
Governance
I ndepenclence and Sell'-(lovel.nance
OBJECTIVES
Learners should be ahle
I
a
rclatc independencc to sclf'-govcrnancc
t dcsr,t'itrc thc irnportancc of' scl{tgo\,ct.t.litltcc
_)
Indepcndelrcc and scll-govcrnance

lndcpcndcttcc is a statc whcrcby it pcl'solt or il country is fi'cc
to cxcrcise its rights. Sclf:
govcrnancc is tllc ability tcl sclllrtrlc r,vitlrout bcirrg controllccl
apd infiucncecl by anyonc,-wsro
any coutrtry or sroup. lrrdepenclcltcc itt Zirnbabrvc cnsurcd tlrat the
black rnaiority
irrclcllcrrdcttt ittttl har'c thc ability to sr-:ll-govcrrr arrcl tkr au,ay
u,itlr c6rrtr.6l .t-cxter-nal fbrccs.
'l'hc i ln porta ncc ol' rc I f'-grlvernl ncc
Sclf:govcrnancc cllsurcs nlany bcnclirs. Thcy inclLrclc thc liccclorl to
sclttrule, contr.ol ol'
own rcsotlrccs sttch as land ancl nrincral rvcaltlt. It also irlplies rcnrovll
of cliscrirnination ancl
scgrcgation socially. politically ancJ ccr-rr.ronricallv in a countrv.
T'hc l-,and Rcforrn Progranlnre
---_...-.._\
OBJECTIVES l
Learners should tle atlle to: i
. iclcntify thc causcs of thc larrcl rcfbrrn prosrarrnrc I
. cliscr,rss tlrc hcncfits of thc land rc lbrnt pr()grilt.ltn-lc I
,.,. I 8 r.
The Land Reforrn Programme
trre black majority which had been under
the
Land reform reters to the reallocation of land to
control of a few white commercial fatmers'
In Zimbabwe, the land reform programme began
was necessitated by many factors which
after independence. The land refonn programme
. fulfillment of the causes of the chirnurenga/ urnvukela in which the blacks fought
to get back their land'
' overcrowding in rural areas due to shortages of land'
' imbalances in land ownershiP'
. poof soil for crop cultivation that was allocated to the black majoriry'
. need to enrpower the black majority and improve their livelihood through farming'
.fleodtorestorecontroloflandbytheblackrnajority.
Benelits of the Land Ref ornr Programnrc

The land reform came with several befleflts which
' Reduction of overcrowding of people in rural areas' crops'
. It ensuredthat the majority is now able to cultivate many agricultural
.Promotionofequalitywhereblacksbecamet.armowners.
production'
. It reduced poverty the rnajority were given abundant land for food
as
. Restoration of national heritage as well as ancestral
land'
' The black majority was empowered economically'
3.3 The National School Pledge
OBJECTIVES
. recite the nationat school pledge
.discusstlreimportanceofthenationalschoolpledge
. relate the national school pledge to the national flag
and national anthem
National School Pledge

The national predge is a promise to rove anrl
work harcr for the good of the coulltry' It is recited
Zimbabwean children' It gives
in a bid to instil patriotism and good citizenship among the
the liberation struggle was fought to attaiu
the history of Zimbabwe as a summary of how
independence. It is ptesented in two fonns as follows:
(}
National pledge for inlants
"Almighty 6od in whose hands our future lics, I salute the nabional flag, I
commit bo honcsb and the digniby of hard work"
National pledge for junior and secondary learncrs
"filmighby 6od, in whose hands our future lies, I salute bhe national flag,
united in our diversity by our common desire for freedom, justice and
equality' Respecting bhe brave fathers and mobhers who lost their lives in
the Chimurenga/Umvukela and nabional liberation sbruggles. l,r)c are proud of
the riches of our natural resources' Ne ore proud triitorc and participanbs
in our vibrant braditions and cultures. l,t)e commib bo honesty and bhe
digniby of hard work',
The national school pledge is important because of the following;

' It builds a sense of patliotism (love and supporl for the country)
. It builds a sensc of natjonal identity.
' It helps to understand the principles on which thc state was formecl.
' It calls on all Zimbabweans despite the colour of their skils to unite.
' It calls on citizens to be proud of the wealth of- their nation, traditions and culfure.
' It cotnmits Zimbabwcans to working hard tbr thc betterment of the country.
'l'he Nationnl tlag
Fig j.l Nationul Flag
The Zimbabwe natiotral flag was adoptecl rvhen the country attairred its indepeldence i,
1980.
It has features and colours that have significant rneaning. The national flag is rclated to the
national school pledge in the following ways:
rg)
National school National fla
Th" .td ."t"ur which symbolises the blood of the
"nrtpriirrg the brave Jathers and mothers
wlto lost 1h"i, lir"t in the Chimw'engo/ liberation sbuggle
"W" ,r" p;rud qf the riches of our natural fh" inlout gl'een for crops and vegetation
The colour yellow representing the minerals in the
"U"iti,ain our diversityby our common desire The white colour

for Peace
r fi'eeclottt, jttstice and equality"
for blacks and their culture
Wi orc proud creators and participants in fn" ftutt colour
our t,ibrant traditirttts and cultures"
Relutionship hefiveen the school Ptelge aful the l\ational
h'lug
Tuble 3.1
The National Anthenr

composition that tatks of the history,
The nationai anthem of Zimbabwe is a patriotic music
sung in schools as well as at national
traditions and struggles of the people ofZirnbabwe. It is
events. It is found in three verses that are as follows:
(chimurenga/ Umvukela).
verse l: It talks of the liberation struggle for independence
of its e,vironnrent atld natural
verse 2: It summarises the beauty of the country in tems
resources'
Verse 3: It is a pfayer to God to bless the country and its leaders'
Zimbabwe as A Merubcr of Rcgitlnal and

3.4
International Organisation
OBJECTIVES
, relate Zimbabwe to other international organisations
. explain the importance of belonging to regional and international
orgauisations
Regional and international organisations

It draws benefits
Zimbabwe is a member of several regional arrd intemntional organisations.
such organisations. Zirnbabwe belongs
and also helps other countries from being a member of
to the following regional and intemational organisations:
€9
Regional organisations
0rgunisatirur Head Aitrr{s)
Quartcrs
Southern Afi'ica Botswana, a
To promore regional cooperation and integration
Development Gaborone
Comnrunity (SADC)
Established I992
Comrnon Market for' Zanbia, To provide financial and technical assistance
castenl aud southcnr Lusaka promote social ancl econornic developrnent afilong
Afiioa (COMESA) rnetnber states.
Esrablishec{ 1994
Afiicarr Union Ethiopia. To promotc pcacc. scuuritv and stability on the continent
(AU) Addis by clet'ending the sovereignty anrl territorial integrity of
Established I963 Ababa membcr states.
Encourage intemational cooperation
Promote and protect human rights in accordance with rhe
African Charter on Human rights.
To raise standards of living.
Work with intemational organisations in thc hcalth
sphere in the eradication ofpreventable diseases.
Toble 3'2 Regionul and internalional orgonisations in x,hich Zinfiahwe partidltates
In ternation al organisations
Zimbabwe is able to share economic, political and social ties with a number of countries
across the world through regional and intemational organisations. It is a member
9f the United
Nations (UN) which is the world's largest intenrational organisation. The UN headquarters
is in New York in United States of America. It has several branches that help member
states
in a number of areas as shown in the table below:
0Lganisation Airrr(s)
World Health Organisation lts primary role is h direct international heakh within
(wHo) the United Nations' system and to lead parttrers in global
health response. For example, the organisation played a
very irnportant role in controlling the Covid-19 pandemic
worldr.vide.
United Nations High It is dedicated to saving lives and piut..tl,frlgnrt g."r,
Commission lbr Relugees forciblv removed fiom their countries by war. "i,=n
(UNHCR)
United Nations Human Rights I is responsible tbr thc promotion and protection of human
Council f ghts around the globe.
United Nations Children's lt i s resp,ns ihl e hrr prov i clin g hu rnarn i t-,r*r, ;d d*.1"p,"""t"1
Fund (UNfCEf) aid to children around the world.
.J}
United Nations' It settles
international Court of Justice
international legal disputes suq@
and reduce inequalities through
United Nations DeveloPment It ",*kr t" .*dicut" lrov"tty
sustainable develoPment.
Programme (UNDP)
Tubte 3.3 United Nations bodies
ways. Therefore'
It is important for a country to be a member of organisations in many
participate in international organisational
countries make and maintain relations as well as
bodies because they provide the following:
. Promotion of regional cooperation ancl iltegration' When Zimbabwe was hit by
cyclone ldai, re{ronal countries were able to give a
lot of assistance to the country'
. Promotion of social and economic development and trade among member states'
, They help improve the quality of life of the people in the country
. TheY Promote cultural exchange
1. Discuss the importance of a countryt membership

in international organisations'
2. Discuss how international bodies can offer assistance

in the event of natural
disasters.
SORTAND CATEGORISE
Nirtiottztl School Nationll
listed above
Sort the statements below into either of the two categories
who lost their lives in the
white colour for peace; Respecting the brave fathers and mothers
desire for freedom, justice
chimurengaA1mvukera; united in our diversity by our common
resource; coloul- qtt:' f3r cro^ns
and equatiry; We are pioud of the riches of our natural
and vegetation; colour yellow representing the minerals
in the country; black colour for
participants in our vibrant traditions and
blacks and their culture; we are proud ,r.uiorc and
culture; red colour which symbolises the blood of the
liberation struggie
Summary
. Self-governanoe is the abilify of a country or state to
rule itself'
. The b-1ack majority benefitei from the reallocated of
land after independence'
. and identity'
National monumrnts on,l symbols offer great national signiflcanCe
Glossurt'
Democratic - self-ruled
Discrimination - inequality
Patriotisnr loyalty to one's nation
Segregation - separation
Sovereignfy - self-govelrance
Section A: Multipk: Choire ltt Marksl

is not a regional organi.sation in which Zimbabwe participates.
A. AU B. COMESA C. SADC D. EALN
which of the following is an international organisation?
A. NAPH B. COMESA C. AU D. TIN
3. Where are the headquarters of COMESA?
A. Zarnbia B. Ethiopia C. Botswana D. Zimbabwe
arms at promoting peace. security and stability on the African
continent by defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of rnember
states.
A. AU B. COMESA C. SADC D. UN
which united Nations body is responsiblc for saving refligees,?
A. ZIMDEF B. TINHCR C. WHO D. UNDP
Restoration of land to the black rnajority is called land
A. redistribution B. degradation C. ownership D. reform
7. The focuses on prollrotion and protection o1'hurnan rights.
A. UNICEF B. LINHCR C. WHO D. UNDP
8' The following show tlre importance of international relation for
a countly except
A. promotion of social and economic development and trade among member

states.
B. creation of war allies
C. improvernent on the quality of life of the people.
D. promotion of cultural exchange.
9. Botswana is host to the headquarters of
A. AU B. COMESA
'scrti,rr B:
m
strrctur"rtr euesti,rrs tl2 M,rksl
D. TIN
l. Givc the tull rneaning of the fbllowing acronyrns,

a) LINDP b) LTNCHR c) wHo t3l
2. outline the difference betwcen indepcndence and self-govcrnance.
t2l
3. State the functions of the fbllowing organisations;
a) COMESA b) AU u) SADC t3l
4. Wlry are intentational organisations intportant?
121
5. Explain how UNICEF helps underprivilcge:cl c,hikjren in schools.
t2l
$1")
ropic 1l Entitlement/ Rights
and ResPonsibilities
j
Elections
OBJECTIVES
. analyse different forms of elections
. explain the electoral Process
Elections
leadership by casting votes' In
This is the process of electing an individual into a position of
Zimbabwe, the Zi,babwe Eicctoral Cornmission
(ZEC) is the tnother body of all elections'
presidential, senatorial, parliantetttary'
There are different fbrms of elections and they include
local government and by-elections'
\,da"T*r
B{\J f, E-
Flg 4.1 Cosllng tr t'ole
ParliamentarY
oJ'AssemhlJ' A metnber of
Tlrese are electiOns clone to choose tnetrrbers of the House
voters throtrgh an election'
parliament is cl-rosen fiom his or her own constituency by registered
the nren-rber tbr tlrc l-lclusc of
The winner of thc elcctiorr in that constituency therr becorncs
Asserrrbly of that constituencY'
Presidential
This is an election where people vote and choose the leader of the counffry by majority
vote.
The winner of the election is the one with a total of above 50% of the totaivotes
that are cast.
If none of thc candidates being voted fbr managcs to reach this figure then a re-run of the
whole voting process is done.
Senatorlal
It is an elestion wltere the members of Upper House inthe parliarnent
are voted fbr. It constitutes
of candidates who are from the ten provinces into which Zimbabwe is divided into. The
senate
cotrsists of two scats fbr each tnetropolitan of Zirlbabwc clcctccl by cach provincial
assembly
of chiefs' Setrators are chosett following the Constitution of Zimbabwe. Among the senatori,
there are sollle who represent persons living with disabilities. In Zimbabwe. a senator
sits in
parliarnent for five years.
Local government elections

These are dotre to elect councillois who represent a waril irr il courrcil. They are voted for by
registered voters trom the wald.
By-elcctions
In the event that one who was electecl as a senator. member of parliament or councillor
dies,
gets arrested or runs away, a by-election is held within 90 days to fill the vacant post.
By-
electiotls clo ttot apply fbr presiderrcy. This is because if the president dies, the first vice
president assurles the presidency to the encl of the predecessclr's presidential
terrn in office.
ft,lectora I process
General eleotions are conducted and supervisecl biz thc. ZEC in Zirnbabwe. The elections
are
couducted using a secret ballot system. There zu-e guictelines to the holclilg of eiections
which
are supposed to be followed in the electoral prusoss.
' There has to be voter registration in which voters are added in the voter's roll.
' Nomitration of candidates is done in the court on a specific date prollounced by the
clectoral cornmission.
' Polling officers. presiding officers and election agelts are trainecl orr how to handle
clcctions.
' Elections should be t}ee frorn violence ancl othcr electoral malpractioes.
' Voting method should be simple, accurate, verifiable, secure a1d transparent.
' Results should be announced as soon as possible after closure of the polling stations.
' Independent election obserers should travel tieely to rnonitor the electoral process
' The ward election officer announces local govcrnnrcnt results, district or provincial
election oflicer announces the parliarnentary ancl senatorial winning candidates
whilst theZF.C chairperson announces the presidential winning candidate.
N9
OwnershiP of ProPertY
OBJECTIYES
Learners should be ahle to:
. name types of property ownership dclcuments
. evaluate q/pes of property ownership documents
. explain the importance of patent rights
Family proPeI'tY
members of a family. It therefore implies
Family property refers to everything trrat is owned by
properties that the family is entitled to'
that the parents anct childr-en are both owners of the
bank accounts. insurance
E*urrptr* of family properties incl*de the family home, investments,
it'
policils, pensions *na otn.t pieces of lanci with the family name on
Ftg 4.2 Exunples olfamily owned pt'operties
Movable and immovable Property

and immovable propelty'
Property is placed into two categories which are movable
, Movable propertie.s are possessions that can be physically rnoved frotr one place to
another. These include pioperties such as householcl
ftrniture, scotch carts, artefacts
and cars.
. from their original
Intnnttable properties are possessions tliat cannot be moved
place' Examples of immovable
places. It implies that such properties are fixed at one
properties include houses, land, business premises and factories'
Types of ownershiP docuntents

about who owns a property. The table
Property documents are papers that contain ilformation
below indicates Upes of property ownership documents:
€3
I'ropcrl.y owrrrt.sh ip Dcsc.ripl i,rr -%
docu trr e tr t
Title deed This issolt ;
Tenancy This is whcn
invol,ed it is oalled j.int tenancy but when more are invorvecr
it is reterred
to as tcllancy in commorr
Leasehold r rls ls wrlen onc ls grven ownership
Tl-i- ' t
of a property tbr a tresignateri
period of time. It can be for a government ownecl prop.rry
or renting and
individual's property.
]
Connnunity title
pt"p"tly qr q rly
i
I
Rcgistration book I hrs rndrcatcs orvnership o ics such as a car
Table 4, I Types of otynership docunreuts
Patcnt rights
Patents are lcgal docunrents grantecl by thc patent oflisc
as a way of protecting an4
safeguarding the owner's creations. They are arso excrusive
copS,rights over a creation such
as tnusic' books or devices. It fbllows that patents protect
the owner-'s creations or ideas
from being copied or misusecl by others. Patents can be ownecl
by an indivitlual, a group ot
people or an organisation. Patents san be fourrt1 in the tbllowing
forms;
Intellectual property
Creations such as books, texts and any other lvrittcn information
arc protccted. In Zimbabwc,
intellectual property protection rights are given by the Zimbabwe
Intellectual properry (ZIpo)
or thcAfrican Regional Intellectual property organization (ARIpo).
It is important tbr.owners
of intellectual prt-rperty to register their rights to prevent their property
from being abuseil.
Copyrights
If sonreonc owns a copyright it rneans he or she has sonrething that
he or she createcl. Therefore,
people who need to copy it must seek permission fiom
him or her {irst befbre copying it. The
works that are eligible for protcction fronr copyrights include
artistic work, sound recordings
and audio visual works, tnoral rights, perfornance rights
and recording rights.
Animal branding
This is to put a mark otr atlimals either by branriing on the animal skin
or any other markilg
devices to show the ownet' of thc animals. There are many types
of branding which include
fire branding, iron branding, corrosion, freezing, tattooing ariJ ear-tagging.
Animal brandilg
is mostly done on cattle, sheep, goats and horscs.
rj}
Inheritance
OBJECTIVES
. explain inheritance
. iclentify channels, instimfions and organs that facilitate
inheritalloe'
I nheritancc
title or debt rights to an individual
Inheritance is the practice of passing on properties or assets,
societies. The one who inherit thc
after someone dies. This is done in indilenius anrl foreign
ways as follows;
property is referred to as the heir. Inheritance is facilitated in many
will
or her properfy
Awill is a document that states the wishes of a person on the distribution of his
A will can be kept at the bank, the
after death. The one who drafts a will is called a testator.
lawyer's office. by a priest, high court or a trusted friend.
,r".\::::i#M
"Ifrwu$"W
'-ffissrw*
.
Y*{.}*
'S:{*
ffi
Heirship
properties of a person
This is the position of being the one who is given the right to inherit
inherit or have a share of
who has died. Heirship only deals wittr thosi legally qualified to
appointed by thc Mastcr
the estate or propclty. An intlcpenclent pcrson known as the executor
inherit the estate or
of High Court .n.*., that only the correct beneficiaries are listed to
position'
prop.ity. In the absence of a wii, close dependants will be given the heirship
Property
piece of land, house and a
Property lnsans anything that is owned by sotneone such as a
()
car' It can either be tangible or intatrgible. Examples of
tangible property inclucle vehicles,
thrniture and equipmcnt. Propcrty can bc valucd i, ,ron.tury
tcms as evaluators detennine
the value of prollerties. Different types of tangible property
such as funriture, equipment,
vehicles, houses and cotnpanies can be inherited after the owner's
death by the children or
the surviving spouse- The following institutions are responsible
for the smooth facilitatiou of
inheritancc;
. Assigned family members
. Community courts
. High court
Flrerrisc [l
Seclion A: Nlultiplc ('hoir.r: l8 lrrtr.l<sf
l. Leaders are choscn by conducting
A. fights B. elections C. war D. debates
2. The is the tnother body of all elcctions in Zinrbabwe.
A. ZESA ZEC,B. C, ZIFA D. Z.INWA
5. A house is an exarnpie of property.
A. rnovable B. an expensive C.
irrrrnovable D. a cheap
J, is an important part of the clcotoral process.
A. Voter education B. Cheating when counting votes
C. Throwing away ballots D. Voting on behalf of the elderly
4. Family property is
A. money owned by the children
B. house in which relatives can also livc
c. assets that are owned a,d shared by [he l.ar.ily rnembers
D. books and academic qualiflcations
6. The rights to owning of a creation are called
A. piracy B. infringernent C. war D. patcnts
l. The is responsible for safeguarding an individual's creations.
A. ZIFA B.
ZEC C. ZIPO D.
ZETDC
8. is an example of how to add patents,?
A. Anirnal branding B. Adding security guards
C. Locking the creations D. Fighting arlyone who copies
Secliorr I]: Str.uctur-rtl (Jucstiorrs II! rrr:rr.lisl
I. Dcfine tlic tbllola'ing ter-nrs
a) will b) Elections
2. Explain the fbllowing types of elcctions; t2l
a) Senatorial b) Presidential
c) Parliamentary d) By-elections
3. Outline tlte electoral process. t4)
4. Explain the differencc bctwecn movatrlc ancl imrnovable
Lzl
propertics. i2l
5. Explain the meaning of the fbilowing ownc'ship
tlocuments;
a) Title deeds b) Tenancy {21
N9
Indigenous Institutions and Donrestic
4.4
Lcsiilation on Gender EquitY --
OBJECTIVES
. name indigenous institutions that promote gender equity
. explain the importance of gender equity
Indigenous institutions und domestic legislation on

gender equitY
and women according to their respective
Gender equity means faimess of treatment for men
needs. This nray include different provisions that are
however equivalent in terms of rights,
means the same treatment of men
benefits, obtigations and opportunities. Gender equality
and wornen. Gender equity is promoted by indigenous
institutions and legislation. Indigenotts
that gender equity is realised'
institutions employ t uoitlonut and local strategies to ensure
Such institutions include the following;
. Churches as thcy give first preference to fernales in offering
support services
. Communityas itprovides more support for females that mates through
female-based
projects and organisatious

. Schools as they acoord f-emales lower out-off points for
entty into schools, celllegcs
aud universities
Importance of gender equity

people to have equal opportunities
Gender equity is crucial in any society because it enabtes
through provision of varied ..ro*rl, depending on inclividual needs' Gender equity is
irnportant because of the following:
. Women and men enjoy the same opportunities in terms of rights
and obligatiotls
. Everyone, rcgardless of gender, has the right to work and support

themselves'
, Both men and women can all balance their careers and family life.
. Wornen and ntcn L:an live without the flear of abuse or violenoe'
' It rids the society of gender inequality'
Indigenous importancc of gcnder equitY

an individual in a
Indigenous setups involve the immediate social circles surrounding
can result;
com-*unity. If gender equity is practiced, the following benefits
. Both wofiten and men can have equal opportunities of being colrlnlunity leaders
€9
' There willbe gender equality within the society and community
' Both boys and girls will be accorded equal educational opportunities in schools
' Tltere will be no discrimination of gend.er in conrmunity church participation
Contcnrporfl ry irnportilncc ol' gcnder cquity

Conternporary set-ups include organisations and governmental operations.
In such setups,
geuder equity also ltas a positive irnpact which can be noted through
the following;
. Gencler equality in occupations and prof-essions
. Amendmcnt of policics that havc a gcndcr bias
' Equal opporlunities fbr both genders in leadership ancl politics
. Protection of f-emales lrom gender_based violence
4.5 Colrsu nrel' Righ ts
OBJECTIVES
' identiflz consul'tler rights
. interpret consumer rights
. cxplain the impoftance of consunter rights.
Consumer rights
A consutner is a person who buys goods and seryices for consumption. Consumers
arc
entitled to rights when purchasing goods and services. Such rights are called consumer
rights
and they includc the following:
Thc right to choose goods and services

It is important to be able to freely choose a goocl or seryice. This right ensures that consumers
are given tirns to carefully select and scrutinise goorls before purchasing
them. The right
prevents consumers fiom being fbrced or tempted to buy goocls
they do not want, It also
avoids consu,re.s frorn being rushetl into buying g,ocls.
The right to know the composition and expiry dates of packaged goods
Knowing the colnposition of products equips the consutner with medical knowlcdgc
that
facilitates or prevents a consuffter lrom buying. This rs because some corlsumers
are allergic
to ceftain components of goods or are prevented fi'orn consuming them due to medical
cottclitiotrs' Therefore, kttowledge of the expiry dates enables o ,orrrrr*.r
to buy a product or.
not depending on when thc consutncr intcnds or proiccts to have consurncd
thc product.
N}
The right to know the side effects of products
the medicar effects of a product 'especially
for
This right enabres consumers to be aiert on
the side effects of products also enables consumers
those with medical conditions. Knowing
to avoid medical complications'
to select products carefully and wisely in order
riglrts:
In addition, consumers are entitled to the following
' The right to be heard when a complaint or query is raised
' The right to a clean and healthy environment
. Right to retum expired and defective goods
deceive the consumers
' The right to accurate advertisements that do not
. The right to correct and suitable labelling and pricing of goods and setvices
places. rnclude various types

1. collect empty packaging material of goods from safe the following;
and nature of
such as plastic and boxes. Discuss urJlubility
a) ExPirY dates
b) lngredients
c) Side effects
d) Pricing
SummarY
. presidential' senatorial' l.cal
Elections afe found in many types such as parliamentaty,
governances and bY-elections'
such as title deeds and tenancy'
ownership of property can be shown through docutnents
gender equality'
G.;J* equity'is ailowing for equal opportr.rnities and it promotes
products such as the right to choose freely
consurners are entitled to rights whe, they buy
or ask about the product compositions'
Legislation - preparatiou and Passing of laws

Obligations - dtrties or roles
€)
Section A: N,lultiplc Choir:e ltt Marksl
One who buys goods for consumption is called a
A.customer B. consumer c. .urtri.r- D.
debtor
2. Consumer goods are bought from
A. wholesales B. retail shops C. vendors D.
banks
3. Which of the lollowing is not a collsunler right?
A. Right to know the side effects of goods
B. Right to choose freely
C. Right to a clcan market cnvironrnenf
D. Right to change the price of goods
4' To ensurc tltat one dcres not buy goods that havc gonc bad, one shguld always oheck
fbr the befbre buying.
A. ingredients
B. alcohol percelltage
C. cxpiry darc
D. colour of'package
5" A customer is allowcd to return goocls bo,ght if they are expiretl.
A. True B. False C. Both D.
None
6. Fairness in treatmcnt of men and women is called gender
A. equality B. balance C. war D. equity
1. Gender equality is importanr beoause ii
A. makcs women stronger than mcn
B. makes men stronger than women
C. it creates gender irnbalances
D. rids the society of gender inequality
is an indigenous institution that suppor-ts gender equity.
A. Jail B. Church C. Shops D. Malls
s*ction B: st'ucturtd euesti,ns trz Marksl
I. Explain the meaning of the following terms;
a) Consurner
b) Consumer rights
2. State any four consumer rights.
l2l
3. State any rwo indigenous institutions that aclvocate for gender.equify.
l4l
4. l2l
Outline the importanse of gender equity.
t2)
5. Explain the difference between gender equity and gender equality.
L2)
N}
)pic Shelter
S.t ptoblcmi and Soltrtions to Shortirges of Sheltcr
OBJECTIVES
. iclentify problerns related to shelter
. ,ugg.ri possible sotutiotrs to shortagc of shcltcr
Shelter
Thcre
population growth is an intenrational problem that afrccts she lter and accotrrruodation'
and most are due to the irrcreasc in
are many chalrenges associatecr with shelter shoftages
such as tfte ones listcd bclow;
population. Sheltcr shortagcs can cause lnany probletns
. Development of squatter settlements whereby people live anywhere illegally'
. poor sanitation, especially in squattcr settlernctrts lcading to discascs st'lch as cholcra'
diarrhoea,dysenteryandtyphoidbecorr-ringrampant.
. overcrowding in small houses which also causes tlte spread of diseascs'
. Deve lopmcnt and prornotion of crirninal activities such as drug trallicking'
. Fonnation and dcvelopnrent of shanty towns'
behavior-rral disorders al'l]ollg thc yotrtlrs
Shortage of sheltcr lcads to deprcssion, anxiety ancl
be solved in tnany ways such as thc
that are affected. Hou,cver. such slrelter challenges can
orrcs listcd bclow:
. preventing rural to urban nrigration throurglr development of establislitnents such as
growth poiltts, banks' sltops ancl tactories'
. of shanty
Buildi.g nlore houses tbr pcoplc by tlrc govcrnrncnt to avoid fbnrrrttion
towus and squattirlg'
. accotnnlodation espccially
Developnrcnt of thc ccotlolny so that pcople can afford
fbr low incotne earners'
. such as flats and
construction of scttlerlrcnts that support tnore legal houses
skyscrapers in orcicr to rcduce tlte dctnand tbr land
fbr housing constructiotr'
. pr.vision 9f lrousipg plans and nrortgages by cstablishcd companies such as barrks'
Factors that Influence siting and Design of sheltei
-
OBJECTIYES
' list factors that influence siting ancl clcsign of shelter
' explain factors that influence siting and clesign of shelter
Factors that influence the siting and clesign of shelter

Sheltcr can bc built at many different places anti it conlcs in nrany
cliffcrcnt shapes. The siting
and design of shelter is influenced by mally factors as showrr in
the table below:
Iiactor lnflucnce on siting rnd design

Location fli.l*
natural environment also influences.
Sizc I hrs rs thc sizc o1'the slrcltcr to bc built. A larger
size requires a larger
space fcrr building. Theretbre, the space that is available cletermines
the
shelter to be built.
Purpose This is the function that the srrelter will serve. Tt therefbre h-, t" b.
bult
irr such a way that enables it to serve its purpose. In addition, it has
to be
built closc ro its target
c nrarket.
Resourccs the avarlability of resourccs to build thc sheltm clctermines how it is to
ni
built ancl the rate of building it.
Larvs I he laws and regulatior:rs set bv trrc govomrnent and housing
authorities
detennine and guide the type of srrelter to built. Therefore, the shelter
shouid not break any iaws.
Culture This is a factor thal. is aligued rvith clifferent societies building shelters that
.:iejli fy llreir culture
Tahle 5.1 Foctors infiuencing sititrg oJ'shelter
5.3 Ways of Acquiring Acconrmodation
OBJECTIVES
. identify different ways of acquiring accommodation
Rcn tilrg
Renting is when a person known as thc tenemt uses sorxeone's building
or spaoc to live in or
an agreed period of time. The agreement
between the
tbr business purposes temporarily or for
landowner and the tenant which states how
G buiiding is going tq be used and how it is to be
by puymtnt of an agreed amouut of
paid for is called a leaseagreemeut. Renting is fulfilled
money to the landowner. Itls rnostly done
uittr. beginning of every month or at the beginning
of an agreedPeriod of time'
Buying-title deeds
become the owner of the house' The person
who
Buying a house iS when an individual pays to buyer
rhe 'titre deed'. such a docurnent gives the
buys the house is given a document calted
total ownershiP of the ProPertY'
Constructin g own accomnrodation

srrerter. Building of own shelter should
be
This is when an i*dividuar builds his or her own one
rand. when building the shelter,
done forlowing the regal channers and on designated
and the purpose of the shelter to be
sho,ld cousider factori such as availability of resources
built.
Inheritance
parent dies and leaves total ownership of housing
Inheritance is wlren an older generation or
makes one to be the new legal o*'ner of a
properlies to the remaining gJneration. It therefore
that follow legal ways of ensuring that the
housing property. This is fo"ititot*d by institutions
inheritance process occurs smoothly'
the types of shelter in your local area and complle

a
1. conduct a tour of identifying
rePort based on the following;
a) TYPes of shelter Present
b) choice of shelter based on location, culture and resources
c)Reasonforanyotherdifferenttypeofshe]ter(ifany).
Summary
. Overpopulation can lead to sheltu shortages' . , i-
. rural to urban rnigration can reduce shortages in shelter'
Preventing
. constructing, buying or inheritance'.
Accommodation can be acquired through renting,
Accommodation - a place to staY ot live

Population - the amount of PeoPle in an area
Sanitation - hygiene
€9
Section A: illultiplt Clroir:t, l8 Nllrksl
I. Which of the following can help to ease the shortage of accommodation in urban
areas'l
A.
Construction of flats B. Creating emplovment
C. Destroying shops D. Sending people to their homes
2. what llame is given to a person who u,lawfully occupies
unusecl land?
A. Settler B. Tcnant C. Squattcr D. Leaser
a
J. Which of the following diseases is likely to attack people at a squatter settlement?
A. Asthma B. Canccr C. Diarrhoea D. Diabctes
4. The following ca, influence the siting of shelter excer)r
A. location B. size C.' resources D. gender
5. is a factor that influence siting of a shelter.
A. Purpose B. Colour C. Scason D. Time .
6. which of the fbllowing is a way of acquiring accommorlation?
A. Stealing B. Money C. Renting D. Working
7. which of the fbllowing does not cause shortages in shelter?
A. Increased population B. Urbanisation
C. Development of infiastructure D. Population control
8. is a ru.sult 0f shelter shortages.
A. Floods B. Shanty towns
C. Good hygiene D. Increased income
scctirrr B: st'uctr'ed eurstio's Ir2 Mar.ksl
l. What is meant by the following rerms?
a) Urbanisation
b) Squatter settlements
c) Shelter I3l
2. Explain the following way of acqui.ing accommodation:
a) Renting
b) Inheritance
c) Title deeds t3l
3' Suggest auy three solutions to the shortage of accommodatiorr in urban areas.
[3]
4. Explain how the following affect the siting of shelter;
a) Resou'ces
b) Culture
c) Location t3l
r9
Prominent Peoplc Involvcd in Volunta
OBJECTIVES
Learners should he able to:
.identifypronrinentpeopleirrvolvedinvoluntarywork
Prominent peoplt' involvecl in voluntary \vorli

to assisting the neccly pcoplc in thc
Zirnbabwe has mcn and womcn who dcclicatecl their tinre
crippled' blind' deaf and abuscd
community. Sr.rch needy people incfi.rclc the orphans, e ldcrly,
includc thc tbllowirrg:
among others. Exarnples of prorlineut voluntary lvorkcrs
Jairos Jiri
taught christian principles a.t Gokottrcrc
Jairos Jiri was bo,r on 26 Jr-rne l92l in Bikita. []c was
Mission where hc was educated. He letl cokomere and travelled
to Bulawayo in 1939 in
search of errrploytnent. He took people witfu clisabilitics,
cspccially the blind' who werc
establislied his first centrc
beggi,g on the strcet to his house in order to assist thenr. Jairos Jiri
At Jairos.liri's ccntres'
for the clisabled i1 1950 ancl continued to open more of such ccrltres'
so as to earn a living' By tlte
people were taught lif'e skills such as rlakirig baskets and rnats
time of his death in lgti2. Jairos Jiri had established l6 centres
for the disabled across the
people in the country to date'
country. The ce,tres are still offering help to the disabled
,' ,E
b-
Fig 6.t Julros Jiri (1921 ' /,982)
€)
Matthew Jacha Rusike
Matthew Rusike was a Methodist minister in Harare during
the 1950s. Unwanted chiidren
found in the streets were brought to hirn and his wife to
be taken care of. I, 1960, he
established an otphanage horne in Epworth-Harare, to house
and take care of yulnerable
children' Matthew Rusike Children's Home has a more children
under its care to date. It also
teaches and trains the children and equips them with life
skills and competences.
Fig 6.2 Mathew Jacha Rusike

Motlrer Theresa
Mother Theresa, originally ttatnecl Agnes, clevotecl her lit-e to serving
the poor, destitute a'cl
the dying around the world. She spent rrlany years in
calcutta tndiJhelping thc needy. It is
here where she founded att orgarisation called the Missionaries
of Charity. In 1979, she was
awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in honour of her great
work. Mother Theresa established an
opert air school aud a home tbr the clying ciestitute-She also
establishecl a leper cology as well
as a nursing and orphanage home between 1950 and 1960.
Fig 6.3 Mother Ther*a (tyl0 - IgsZ)

Florencc Nightingale
Floreltce Nightingale was bom in Italy on l2 May 1820. She
was devoted in pSilanthropy,
tninistering to thc ill and poor people in the villages closer to her fanrily,s
estate. She is the
fbuncler of nroclenr uursitrg. She changed the face of nursing
from a mostly untrained professiorr
n-llln
i -.-- l
.,\'- '.'/
very impor[ant responsibilities' she
to a highly skilled and well respected profession with
the crimean war when she assisted the British
became famous for her nur-sing work dur.ing
were dying from injuries' and infectious
soldiers with bandages, soap anct treatment as they
diseases such as cholera and typhoid. Frorence
was nicknamed 'The Lady with the Lamp'
because she would visit soldiers at night with a
small lantern in her hand' This was meaut
at the Middlesex hospital in the
to check on their health. Florence xiitrtingale volunteered
conditions at the institution in the early
advent of a cholera outbreak despite ihe unsanitary
1850s. She passed on 12August 1910'
I
voluntary and Humanitarian organisations in the
6.2
CountrY
OBJECTIVES
. explain the role of voluntary organisations in the country
. trigtrtight the challenges caused by sorne voluutary organisations
. suggest ways of mitigating the challenges
Voluntary and Humanitarian Organisations

irnportant role to commun.ities in a
Voluntary and humanitarian organisations play a very
registered into three categories which
country. The voluntary organisations in Zimbabwe are
groups have one
we Tr"ust, Priyate VoluttarV Orgarisations or a [Jniversifas' These three
groups or comm*nities and initiate
major role which is to identify the ,eeds of individuals,
organisation have a duty
prograrxnes that help the needy people. voluntary and hurnanitarian
public. They can assist commuilities in
to conduct humarritaiian work and charity wort tt the
areas such as health, education, environment, human
rights and food' In addition' voluntary
roles:
and human rights organisations also have the following
. Empowering the needy with skills and knowledge to enable them to earn a living'
. Providing care for the less privileged such as the elderly and and orphans'
. Provision of shelter, food, clothing, education aud other basic needs'
. Helping learners at prknary, secondary and universities with tuition fees'
' Providing counsetling to contmunities'
. Suppor-ting communities during times of disastet
with food, shelter arrd clothes suclr
as the victims of CYclone ldai'
€9
Challenges caused try s{)me voluntarv rlrganisations
Voluntary work is faced with challenges in its practice. In a bid to help
the neecly, voluntary
organisations are seen to be a source of some challenges. The following
are examples of s,ch
challenges caused by voluntary organisations;
' They encourage the dependence st'ndrome amoflgthe people as they relax and wait
for aid from voluntary organisations.
' They create couflicB as people fight over the {i'ee goods an{ sewices they offer.
' They reduce people's innovativeness in solving problems by pr:oviding solutions for
them.
solutions to problems caused by voluntarism

' Financing income generating projects so as to pronrote the people's welfare.
' Registration of organisations through the Ministry of Labour and Social
Welfare.
' Monitoring the distribution of products supplied by voluntary organisations.
' Regulating tlie conduct of the voluntary organisations by enfbrcing the privatc
and
Voluntary Organi sations A ct.
Participation in Voluntarv Work
OBJECTIVES )
. perlbrm volunrary work in their locality
I
l'articipation in voluntary work

People can engage in voluntary work for the community as an individual
or as a group. It
is irnportant to identifr the needy in the community antl note their specific needs.
This is
followed by collecting resollrces that are aimed towards meeting their needs. Volu,tary
work
can bc done for thc lollou,,ing peoplc in thc cornmunity.
Pcoplc living with disabilities

The people living with disabilities neecl help in many ways and areas. The crippled people
require walking aids such as walking sticks and wheolchairs. People with
hearing impainnents
need hearing aids and those with sight impairnrents need giasses as
well us walkilgaids. It is
therefore irnporlant to collcot and put together resollrces in line with such needs individ*ally
or as a group in order to assist the neecly in the community.
Elderly people
The elderly people need support fiom the community. Some need food as
they might not haye
a source of income or any family members to look
after them. others require assistance i*
crothes as well as emotional and social
doing house chores such as fetching water. washing
groceries. In addition, the elderly
comfort. some might also require assistance when Luying
in taking the medication'
also require rnedic-ation for their heatth and assistance
People living with HIV/AIDS

from the community as they are usually
This group ofpeople needs love, inclusion and support
be done for them such as assistance with
subjected to stigmatisation. voluntary work that can
in community activities in order
their medication. Most irnportantry, it .y shourd be included
be assisted with their daily chores'
to fight of stigmatisation and segr'.gatiln. They can also
1. Organise a tour to view organisations and help centres that assist the
a report after the visit'
disladvantaged people in your loial community. Write
needy at your local
2. With the help of your teacher, organise a campaign to help the
school.
WORD SEARCH
D V o L U N T A R Y T E B I o
U M A N I T A R I A N L Y R
H
D T B L R T E T R E H S I L P
I o I R I J a N R H
J A R S J
o D G a A K F D E A
C B K E E
I A B I L I T Y L D D N
B D S
T L I F E S K I L L S L A
S H
V M A T T H E w R U S I K E G
R K M Y a w F B N M L K J S E,
Suntmary
. voluntary work is when an individual or organisation freely helps
the needy,-
. ExamPles of prominent people who were involved in voluntary
work include Jairos Jiri,
Mathew Rusike, Mother Theresa and Florence Nightingale.
.\
(ilossnry
Humanitarian - kind and comPassionate

Prominent - well-known or outstanding
Orphanage - place that looks after orPhans
Vulnerable - weak and exposed
()
Section A: N{ultiplc Choice ltt Marksl
l. Where was Jairos Jiri born?
A. Bindura B. Chegutu
C. Bikita D. Plumtree
2. Which group of people were helped by Mother Theresa?
A. Orphans B. Destitute
C. Cripplcd D, Blind
3. The following are all voluntary organisations except
A. Depaftment of Social Welfare B. Jairos JiriAssociation
C. Mathew Rusike D. Copota School of the Blind
Motlier Theresa was liorn whioh country,l
A. Malawi B. India C. Japan D. Britain
5. whcrc in Zimbabwc is Mathew Rusikc Chilclrcn's Homc fountl?
A. Bulawayo B. chitungwiza c. Harare D. Norton
6. Which of the following organisations does not engage in voluntary work?
A. Non-Governlnental Organisations
B. Churches
C. Comlnunity organisations
D. Thieves
7. which of the fbllowing is not a rore of voluntary organisations,/
A. Provision of shelter, food and clothing
B. Assisting in comrnunity projects
C. Segregating the needy from the others
D. Providing counselling serviccs
8. is a challerrge catrsecl bv y6lsnlnr,v orgairisrtions.
A. Dependency syndronre
B. Independence
C. Mininrising crirtrinal activities
D. Helping the needy
S*r:tiorr Slnrcturctl Questions I I 2 l\{rrr.ksl
t. Explain the tbllowing
a) Voluntary work
b) Hurnanitarianisrn
c) Voluntary oryanisation t3l
2. Complete the table below; L4l
Volu n tary organisation Founder Purpose
Mother Theresa
Mathew Rusike
3. suggest any five ways of helping the neecry in yrur c,rnmunity. t5l
,.. -l.l .n
f{atural Heritage:
Production, Distribution
ancl Consumption of
Goods and Serggqg
7.1 Nationztl Stratcgic ll'esorves
OBJECTIVES
a identify national strategic reserves
irrstitutions Zimbabwe
I explain the role of national stratcgic reserves
National strategic reserves

that are worthy to be lreld up by the
National strategic reserves include goods and services
governlnent fronr norrnal use by peoplc. This is done
for goods that are at risk of beirrg
a national level. Such national strategic reserves
depleted resulting i, disastrous shortages at
The table below shows national
include water, fucl, grain, electricity,lritdtif. and trroney'
strategic reserves artd their pLlrpose:
National strategic rosqrlg

Tlrit i. , *t-*l resource that is reserved to avoid
water shortages. Water preservation is ensured
through building of darns such as Kariba' Murtirikrvi'
Maz.ilc, Tokwe Mukosi, Manyatne and Lqke
Chivero. The country is still constructing more dams
to preserve *or. *ui., such as the Kunzvi
dam which
is Leing constructed in Mashonalarrd East'
Fuel This is a source of energy that is u-r"a i,
transportation, heating systems and generation of
electricity. The nation stores fuel reserves iu tanks as
well as underground for safety reasons. The National
I Oil Conrpany of Zimbubwe TNOIC) holds the fuel
reserves.
Graln Grain is reserved to have a sustainable reserve that

can feed the people in the counhy. Grain reseryes
*X,t' maintain food security as well as sustainable
agricultural activities. Zimbabwe stores its grain at
the Grain Marketing Board (GMB).
Electricity Electricity is a fbrm of energy that is .,r.7 i,

households fbr rnany purposes such as cooking.
tl;,.,:,,-,*; 'i';,"1.:;ii tt,r '
lighting. heating and computing. It is a necessity
and it requrres large reserves in order to sustain the
whole rration in times of crisis. The country getlerates
electricity and controls its consumption through the
Zirn babrve E ectri city Transmi ssi on an d Di stri buti on
I
Cornpany (ZETDC).
Wilcllifb involves animals and plants that are found in

thc natLlral cnvironmcnt. 'fhc country prcservcs and
conserves such natural resour-ces in rcseF/gs such as
parks and botanical gardens,
Money This is an importanr reserve that stabilirii tt,

country's cconomy. It is also used to acquire resources
for the cormtry. Money is reserved by the nation to
cafter fbr ftlture use or in times offinancial crisis. The
Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) is responsible for
rnonetary reseryes of the country.
Tahle 7, I Nalirtnol stralegic r{:ser.!,c.i
{9
National strategic reserve institutions
that the country sets up for the
National strategic reserve institutions are large organisations
the people' The following are some of
pu{poses of distributing essential goods and services to
the national strategic institutions in Zimbabwe;
(ZETDC)
Zlmbabwe Electrlcity and T[ansmission Distrlbutlon Company
to the whole country- It works with the
The ZETDC is responsible for supprying electricity
production, distribution and consumption
Zimbabwe power bo*purry (zpcjlo facilitate the
Power station and
of electricify. Eiectdcity in Zimbabwe is generated at Kariba Hydro
Hwange Thermal
powei station. It also iffirts electricity from Mozambique, Zambia and
South Africa in order to meet ths local dernand'
Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ)

foreign cuffency resel'ves and allocates
This is a national institution which keeps the country's
fuel, electricity and other essential
it to areas of national interest. Such areas include irnporting
goocls and services. The RBZ also creates
policies that control the movement of money' It
produces the rocal culrency that is used by ihe peopre of
the nation. The RBZ also monitors
gold, diamond, ivory and othe1s minerals
andmanages the country's mineralresources roCh ut
resources.
Zimbabwe National Water Authority (ZINWA)

As a water authority, it makes
ZINWA manages water storage and distribution for the country'
inciude the following:
sure that water is used wisely. Some of ZINWA s roles
. providing safe, clean and atlordable rvater to the nation
. ensuting equitable use of water as a resource
. teducing the impact of floods and drought
. constructing more dams for the pulposes of storage for later use
' monitoring and maintaining water works'
. who might not have the
providing water to consumers on behalf of local authorities
capacitY to do so
Grain Marketing Board (GMB)

buying and storage of cultivated
This is a state owned enterprise which deals with the selling,
grains. Fanners sell their grains to the GMB which then stores
it in silos and ttren provides
to maintain food security'
lruins to people in times of crisis in order
National Parks and Wildlife Management Authority (NPWMA)

wildtife heritage such as
This is a goveffment aided organisation that protects the nationat
on endangered species' The NPWMA
anirnals and plants. It puts mor"-values and preservation
the country' It also protects endangered
manages game parks and botanical gardens throughout
giraffes and buffaloes from being
animals such as eleplrants, rhinoce-ros, pangolins, zebras,
issuing out permission in the form
poached or dying out, The NPWMA is responsible also for
of a hunting license for legal hunters'
(9
Ir.xercisc (l
Scction A: Nlultipk: ('hoice llt rnru.ksl
I . Which of the following is not a national strategic reserve?
A. Moncy B. Grain C. Wildlife D. Clothes
2. is a strategic institution lor water reserves in Zimbabwe.
A. ZETDC B. RBZ C. ZINWA D. GMB
3. Farmers sell their grains to the to boost the national reserve.
A. NPWMA B. RBZ C. ZINWA D. GMB
4. Electricity regulation is done by the
A. zErDC B. GMB m
in Zimbabwe. -";.
NpwMA
5. Which institution is responsible fbr wilcllifb mapagenlept i11 Zimbabwe,?
A. NPWMA B. RBZ C. ZINWA D. GMB
6. is a monetary reserve that is monitored by the RBZ.
A. Euros B. Ivory C. Clothes D. Education
7. Electricity is generated by at
--- ancl in Zirnbabwe.
A. Hwange and Beitbridge R H^*r" urd Mutare
C. Victoria Falls and Kariba D. Hwange ancl Kariba
8. The following are ZINWA responsibilities except
A. providing affordable water to the nation
B. ensuring equitable use of water as a resource
C. providing adequate electricity
D. reducing the impact of floods and drought
Sce tion B: Str.ucfur"rtl ()utstiorrs l2 rrrrrlisf
f
l. What are national strategic reservcs?
12)
2. State any 4 national reserves. l4l
3- outline the importance of having national strategic reselves.
12)
4' Expiain the functions of the following nariorral sirategic institutiops;
a) ZETDC b) ZrNWA
C) GMB d) RBZ 14)
\
1) Storagc and Markcting of Goods
(lnrports and Uxports)
OBJECTIVES
Learners should tre able to:
. cxamine various methods of storagc and nrarkcting
. distinguish between irnports and exports
{}
Storage facilities
storage refers to the safe keeping and preseruation
of goods until they are distributed to the
goods even in crisis times. There is a variety of
consumers. storing food secures the supply of
storage facilities 6r different productsiuch as
silos, warehouses, tanks and dams'
Silo
wheat.and millet are stored
silos are structufes for storing bulk grain such as naize,sorghum,
grain is stored from farmers across
in sitos. The GMB has many iilo' u.rors Zimbabwe where
the country. The grain is wltt looked after therefore
it lasts longer without being affected' In
case of natural disasters such droughts, the
govemment takes the grain from the reserves to
f'eed the nation.
Fig 7.1 An examPle of a sllo
Warehouse
parks in the outskirts of cities anil tor,vns
warehouses are large prain buildi'gs i, i,dustriar
impotters' exporters,
that are used for .to.ing goods. They are used by menufachlres'
store goods such as raw materials,
wholesales, transport business and customs' Warehouses
large appliances and parts of machinery'
Fig 7.2 ExamPle of o warehoase
c)
Tanks
Tanks are nrainly used to store fuel such as petrolcum, paraffin, gas
and diesel and other liquid
products. The National Oil Company of Zimbabwe stores fuel
at various clspots across the
countty such as the Mabvuku depot in Harare. Water can also be stored in
tanks. Fuel is stored
in undergroturd tanks at service stations.
Fig 7.3 Thnh storage units
Dams
Dams are storage facilities and also sources of water. The process
of collecting water d*ring
the rainy season for storage in the dams is called water harvesting. Water that is
used in
towns and cities is purnped frotn dattrs. Darns oan store large anrounts of
water depencling on
their various sizes. Some of the clarns in Zimbabwe include Tokwe Mukosi, Kariba,
Chiviro,
Mutirikwi, Darwindale, Umzingwane, Ozbclne and Mazowe.
q
":
f: :*
,
'..a
}r"].
,/ /
-1'
),/
(, "/
5*#;
Fig 7.4 Umzingwane dom (left) and lllszowe dam (right)
M nrkcting i nstitu tion s

Marketing refers to the processes of supplying, advefiising and selling goocls and se.ices
t.
consurlcl's' Supcnnarkets and depafimental stores are examples of marketing institutions that
are used to sell goods to cuslomels.
(9
Supermarkets
and pick for
goods are put on display for clients to choose
Supennarkets are big shops where
supermarkets i, Zimbabwe include oK,
Spar. Pick
themselves when buyi,g. Examples of of products and they
n Pay, Food Lovers unA others. Supermarkets have a wide range
^*y for customers to select. some characteristics
provide self service as the goods are put onsherves
of tup.*rarkets include the following;
' self-service.
' offering a variety of commodities'
' low Profit margins'
' no credit extended to custorners'
Departmental Store
departments which sell products
A depart*rent store is a large store that is divided into groceries'
footwear, toys, cosmitics and sometimes
such as furniture, electronics, clothing,
confectioneries, riquor deparfi,ent,
In departmental stores, one srrop tt.i. is a bakery and
dlpartment has'its ow, staff. Examples of
butchery and supermarket. In some cases, each
Batbours, Mohammed Musa and oK Mart'
departmental stores in Zimbabwe include
Characteristic of departmental stores

. Various products are solcl in the store suclr as beer, breacl, rneat and groceries'
.Variousdepartmentsunder.oneroofwithtlreirownstaff.
. A11 departments work under one managernent'
' OPerational exPenses are high'
, . Indigenous and Contemporary Ways of
OBJECTIVES
. ways of preserving food
discuss the indigenous and contemporary
. expiain the importance of preserving food
Incligcnous methods of preserving ttltld

down the rate at which food deteriorates or
goes
These are traditional methods of sl0wing
smoking and storing undergrouncl'
bad. Such methocts include clrying, salting,
€9
Drying
This is a long tenn method ofpreserving food by removing
moisture tiom the food by exposing
it to high temperatures. Sun drying is the .o*t
method of drying food. Removal of
water and fluids from the food prevents the growth "o.-on
of bactcria. vegetableJrr. u, times boiled
and then sun dried whe preserving by drying
such as leaf vegetable. Examples of food items
that can be dried are fruits, vegetables ancl meat.
Fig 7.5 Dried meat
Salting
This is a long tern method of food preservation that
involves preseryation by usc of salt.
The food is surroutrdeti by the conrmon salt that
drains the fluids from the tbod preve,ti'g
bacterial growth. The salt is also used to kcep flics
away. Examples of food that can be dried
by salting include fish, meat and lruits.
Fig 7.6 ,fattedJish
Smoking
Smoking is a traditional way of preserving food that involves
exposing food to srnoke so as to
preselve it' Smoking makes the tbod brown and
it also adds flavour ancl tastiness to the fbocl.
Srrroking is done on meat, 'fish and poultry as wcll
as on seeds for later use. Farme rs hangseecl
r€J^
\. ,/
gathers arouncr the seeds stopping weevils from
tassersand cobs in the kitchen were smoke
eating uP the seeds.
Fig 7.7 Smokingfood
Boiling
method. It is however, a short term method
This is when foocl is preserved using the boiling
by boiling include meat and maize'
of preserving food. Flod that can be preserved
Storing under the ground'

areas. It involves digging a pit and adding
This method is commonly practiced in the rural pit it is then
ashes which is followed by placement of
the food items. After adding food to the
under the ground incrude sweet potatoes'
covered with soil. exampiei that can be stored
Shade preservation
a shade in area rhat is aerated and where
This is a method that involves placing lood urder -l-- l:^^l
,o];;.î;i;-o.Io;tly aon. with fiuits and tubers and includes food
--,^'l^
such as ô
#HH;, - - ^:- origi.al
1 r1^
^-: ^:." ^l
-
una o,,ion,..q.l,h;:si rb"u,.:"n
;X'##;,*;.,on*under a shade, they do not rot for extended
i:..:ll-l::1,:l:,.",,.-..*.o
periods of time'
l*;}il pr"r"*.a
Ftg 7,8 Shade preservatlon of ottiotrs
Leaving covers
involves leaving food covered within pods'
This is a long term way of food preservation that
left within their covers a,d stored
It works very well with tegumes in which the seeds are
preserving foocl that can tast for rnore than
in sacks or clay pots. It is a long-term method of
preserved with this method include beans' cow
peas'
a year. Examples of food that can be
ground nuts and round nuts'
Exotic methods of preserying footl
These are non-traditional methods of preserving food which include
canning, bottling,
refiigeratingl freezing, sterilizing, pasteurizing, dehydr-ating and vacuum packaging.
Canning
This is preserving food by storing it in cans or bottles. When
the food is placed in the
containers, it is heated in order to kill bacteria. A't,acuum seal
or covering is ttren placed
at which prevents anything else from entering the container.
In caming, substances called
presentatives are added to help the food last longer. Food
that can be canned include meat.
fiuits, fish and beverages.
lirccn
Briaris:
Fig 7.9 Connedfoods
Refrigeration
Refrigeration is a preservation method that makes use of very low
temperatures; The low
temperatures slow down or stop the glowth of bacteria on
food. Food that can be preserved
using this method include fresh meat, beverages, fish, fruits and
vegetables.
*. Lb;
p_r,tl
"J "
I {-
/*tm,
t
\
\ .-,"
ffiffi
%..**-,.,.- .,,t*;;&
Fig 7.10 Refriger*edfootls
N9
Bottling
the addition of
This is a way of preserving food in which the food is put in bottles with
juice, tomato sauce' salad
preseruativ.r. tt ii associated with liquicl or fluid food such as
cream and mahewu.
Fig 7.11 Bottled foods
Sterilization.
packaging'
This method involves heating the food to about 800C followed with immediate
sterilized include
Heating is done to kill gerns that cause food to decay. Food that can be
milk.
Pasteurisation.
It is done by heating food up to 600 C in order to kill pathogens. This is ftrllowed with a
sudden cooling tfien packaging. This method is uscd in rnilk,

fiuit juices and beer'
Deh-vdration.
order to speed r'rp
Dehyclration is rlone by exposilg food to extremely high temperatures in
evaporation or removal of moisture from the food leaving the food dry.
This is usually done
with food such as cereals, beans and peas'
Vacuum packaging.
In this method, oxygefl is extracted from the container to prevent the process of con'osion,
prolonged shelf life of
rusting and decayin[ r.o- the food. Food preserved in this way has a
more than 30 daYs uP to a Year.
Importance of Preserving food

Preservation of food has many benefits such as the ones listed below;
. Food remains available even when it is out of season.
. It increases the sheif life of different foods'
. It decreases the wastage of food as excess food is preserved'
. It reduces the chances of deficiency diseases as food is always made available.
€y
t;.{ctivifics
1. Organise field trips to any of the local strategic institutions listed below noting
how
and why the preserve national reserves;
A) ZETDC
b) Z]NWA
C) NPWMA
d) Local Bank
E) GMB
2. Discuss the advantage and disadvantages of each food preservation method.
Summary
' National strategic reselves include grain, ntoney, elcctricity and water.
' Natiorial reserves are regulated by national strategic iristitutions such as the Grain
Marketing Board, Zirnbabwe National Water Authoriry and reserue bank of Zirnbabwe.
' Drying. salting, boiling, bottling, cannit-rg, ancl refiigerating are some of the methocls
usecl
to prescrvc fcrod.
' storage facilities include silos, warehouses, tarlks ancl clams
(llossurt'
Dehydrating - rcntoving watcr

Pathogens - disease causing organisms
Prolonged - long lasting
Vacuum - blank or void
Section A: Mrlltiple Choice [8 Marl<sl

wrich of the following
is a national strategic reserye irrstitution?
A.
School storeroonr
BRoom at the nearest police station
C. Reserve bank of Zirnbabwe
D. A granary at your home
Wlrere do farmers in Zimbabwe sell their grain produce?
A. Grain rnarketing board
B. Dairy board Zimbabu,e limited
C. Cotton company
D. Tobacco industry marketing board
Kariba generates
A. Hwange B. Harare Mutare D. Hydro
€9
Which department is responsible for the protection of animals
in Zimbabwe?
4.
A. Zimbabwe River WaterAuthoritY
B.NationalParksandWildlifeManagementAuthoriry
C. Zirnbabwe National WaterAuthority
D. Zimbabwe Energy Regulatory Authority
5. An example of indigenous way of preserving food is,
A. canning
rI. l,4lurr.rr5 B.
drying C. refrigerating D. bottling
6. The following are examples of storage facilities
except
A. Silo B. Tank C. Warehous e D. Garage
7. is an example of a deparlmental store in Zimbabwe'
A. OK Mart B. Econet C. Netone D. ZETDC
8. Refrigeration is an waY of Preserving food'
A. indigenous B. exotic C' old D. endangered
Section B: Structurcd Question$ ll2 Marksl
l. Where is the main national fuel storage depot? tll
2. Which regulatory authority regulates the use of electricity? t1l
3. what is the responsibility of the Grain Marketing Board? t1l
4. Write the following acronyms in fuIl;
a) ZETDC
b) NPWMA
c) ZINWA t3l
5. Outlines any two duties of the National Parks and wild life Management
AuthoritY? L2l
6. Give two examples of each of the following;
a) Indigenous methods of preserving food
b) Contemporary methods of preserving food' t4l
eb
'l'ransport
,Topic'8
and Communication
g.l Factors that Influcnce C'hoice of Nlode of'

'franspurt Cornntunication
OBJECTIVES
. cxplain firctors that influcncc choicc rr.roclc tif transport arrtl cortrntuni cation
Factors that atlect choice of modes of transport and

c0nlmunication
Pcoplc have ditl-crent pcrsonal choiccs i,vhen chtiosing nrodcs of transportation ancl
cornnrunication. Such choiccs arc guidccl by variccl factors such as thc oncs givcn
in tablc
bclorv:
Mode of Tran
I nflucncing Description
lactor
Afftrrdabilitl, Thc anrr.lttnt o1'tttttncv that onc lras cletcrntincs tlrc n-,u,t" rt'tr.r*p"rt-rti* tl
"*
can nlanagc to pay fbr. TIris titctor is scc'n to superscclc otlrcr f'actors bccausc "tthcre
is no acccss if'onc cannot allbrcl it.
I)istancc If thc illl'lotlllt ol'ciistancc lo bc covcrctl is short, un.. * rvalk on f'*rt" ri,t"
att anitltill, cYclc t)r [lsc o cilr, l-urrucr tl isturrccs rctluirc rnurc conrfbrtable arrd
convcnicnt rrroclcs such as air. r-arl or.btrs.
Flflicieno' This is a lttctor that cottsiclcrs thc clll'ctivcncss ot'thc tru,irf,.r.t rnodc. IndiviJu^l.s
trsually chosc a transllort rroclc tlrat proviclcs salcty anrl savcs tinrc.
iu
',]
Terrain ssible mode of transportation' For example'
if there is water thcn one will have to travel by boat, ship or air and if the tetrain.
roads then air will be the suitable mode'
Luggage Th. fyp. ."d of g*dt that one requires to be transported also determines
"-o*t
the choice of transport. Lighter goods can be transported by road'
However, heavy
goods such as machinery can be transported by ship or air'
Availability lable in an area is also a determining factor'

Despite having a personal choice, one can only have access to transport
modes
(access)
that are available.
Urgency (time) to reach a destination at a required time' If

the reason for transportation has high urgency then faster transpott modes
are
preferred such as by air rather than by road or ship' The reverse is true if the
urgency is lorv.
Table 8.1 Ftctors thul affecl lhe clroice of ttunsportution
The table below gives the factors that affect the choice of mode of communication;
Mode of Communication
Influencing
factor
Affordability I"d*rdr"lr usually prefer corntnunication modes that are cheap' Therefore,
they go for modes such as messaging (paper or virtual)'
mtl* -..t--g" t" b?"omrnunicated with high urgency then a faster mode
"
is preferred such as direct phone calls, direct message or telegram'
Confidentialiry Th6 to ensure that no one else has access to the information being
[
communicated. In such a case modes such as email and direct phone calls
If p*pt. *.thr apart then modes such as phone calls, video chatting or
e-mailing can be used.
Table 8.2 Fsclors that affect the cholce of communlcalion
\
g.2 Jmpo{ln.lof up-to-Date Maps and Charts lor
Travellin
OBJECTIVES
. intetpret maPS and charts for travelling purposes
N)
lmportance of maps and charts fbr travelling purposes
Travel maps are documents that contain detailecl information about places from
routes,
landforms and other various sites. They show major roacls and railway
lines that connect cities
ans well as all the roads in a town, city or any location. In addition,
tr-avel maps also show the
location of building. Maps are interpreted with the aicl of a specialised key that
is found on
the document. In addition, maps also have a compass that show the direction
ancl a scale for
measuring actual distances. Travel maps can be accessed from inforrnation
centres, suveyor
general's oflice and some fuel service stations.
Distance chart diagranrs are important diagrams that show actual distances
between cities and
town. Bclow is an example of a distance chart showing distances in kilometres;
670 r flrrluu.O
'-a
.16 r Ji8 ' Brrs:lrorrough lJrrdge
3?? 5?7 .l5r: ' Eulawavo
:)ti/ 50J I :Oii 5{_U Chimanrrnanr
j 4 i2 2:16
'Er-r') ni
rr,i
(i5il i r : I i -f- :
BU5 I i69 337 l896 t t;r i zCg lSOr I ,';'t; I ltrvonge
--_i*_. i,_ i I *i I
e.:7 .rssi;ss so' f za, laoof zooiooolrn.'rsz jsoo Kir,rrr
i ._j__ i : i __:
iao rse jss.r rt.r:li(izo iogs i og ,r?v lrr., I .., 18 :r.r5 rct Ki,r;o,
'
i- -------;--i i---- i '
'.--: *; :
53; lorf -:r7i;):rilvsiatileooloz j;,ri i63 j 7?. 5ta,:r7 Krt6ku,e
;G56t162i507i51i13.t2r523;l0ol34{tl ,r taorztS r3g,27rii?rJ/i Mgrortciara

M*rr:rrciara
i --t---
-_- i
353ilrr):I0;ll5l
I
I ; I ri i l- .
2Ee,3Er i ,.a ,,or.ir,t
zu i aogl ,roor ros rut err i sr i. 638 4ez r4s i.lor
I
3?b;:rnrllnOl:.,ii,,90{i',rori
| '-""
,urnor.,r,o.,
,':'"1-""1
-588
'--.-----f-
rlJO {G_q,rTBirt,f rOi Mur.rrs
,- : i - i- i , i I l--
693 3001?s?iti#r:l?rsl.r32,soalsazl,',';, srae ,:13 63r;.ri{i .lrbjrselror ro; Nyulsr
:-'':---..1"*"i**--f-:*i I I i-;--,"r0o,J0€fi r.rii31ulorrlrnr;it6r
r2'rj610l-556ltr-rl;66215suitil/l266li'1'.:37 t*t-*--+ i'Br3f pr,,,rrrr6q ,
i : : | i-i
+-------:--i '-_------+--i i iI -i---:
:ubb'-----f -;.- II
1.i1:. r 535 3i,r 363 98
rrs 3;,r
r eue,
uo 3$:r, 05
oC r02 lI zr rt
il | [ rOz Tr
t_44r :1
.l ii I
i5!i1:)6{
liii}1
,
*'
,--*. r
r,,,i,,,o,,i
1
or.f* f.,, i, r,ni,,r*l .* Vic ffiIi
Tahle t._t Distanre chtrt
The list below shows the importance of rnaps and clistance charts;
' Provision of actual distances betwee, towrs a,cl cities
. They provide directions
. Illustratc the tcn'airr ot'tlre area bcing travelled
(r9
. information
Allows travetlers to plan for journeys with detailed
. They provide a variety of routes to take
Exercise I)
Section A: Nlultiple Clholcc ltt nrurksl
mode of transportation'?
l. which of the following factors influences choice of D' Clothes
A. Affordability B. Colour C' Wildlife
-
Whichmodeisnotidealfortransportingheavyloads?
C' Train D' Road
A. Air B. Water
', 3. Air transpodation is best suited in cases where there is bud --'
A. weather B. molley C' tertain D' luggage
4. -ffih:["sing a ,"f' "JfiTl""ication,

#' Tl
Distance in communication can be resolved by using
Stvle
5.
A. phone calls B. video chatting C' emails
D. money
6. The-onamapguidesoneininterpretingthetnap' D.
A. landforms B. landmarks C' colours key
1 The direction is given by the on a map'
A. key B. colours C. roads D. compass
between cities.
8. A distance chart shows the
A. time in hours
B. colour of trees
C. distance in kilometres
D. weight in kilograms
Section B: Structured Questions ll2 nrarksl
1. What are national strategic reserves? lzl i
2. State any four national reserves' feserves' t2l

3. Outline ihe importance of having national strategic institutions;
4,. Explain the functions of the following national strategic
a) ZETDC
b) ZINWA
c) GMB t4l
d) RBZ
N}
g.3 Hazards and Disastcrs i, thc Trnnsport and
Corn munication Intlustrv
OBJECTIVES
' identifu llazards and disasters in thc transport ancl conmrunication
industry
' analyse causes atrcl eII'ects of hazards and clisasters in the
transpoft and
communication industry
Hazards and disastet's in the transport and comrnunication

intlustry
Accidents and disaster are events that happen unexpectedly
and when people are unaware.
Transport disasters
Trausport disasters are mainly in the fomr of road acciclents.
Such accidents include c.llisio,s
atnongst road vehicles or pedestrians being hit by vehicles.
The disasters can be tragic and
also result in destruction of vehicles as weli orlrerlrr,rl-,erties.
t\
'.'a| : -. r.".i -i. iL-l
r*-"" { q.i.t!_-:::
.
. i- a,q*. .+,
"Id
Fig 8.1 .4n exunrple o.l'a road accident
t9
Communication disasters
system. Such disasters affect the
These are hazards that affect the communication network
include loss or uetwork,
connectivity between devices and network providers. The disasters
lines. In addition network lines can be
destruction of network towcrs and failure ol nerwork
vandalised or stolen.
prevention of hazards flnd disasters in the transport and

communication industrY
forms and are caused by different
Disasters in transport and communicatior-r are tbund in many
Various measure can be put
factors. In addition, such disasters result in a variety of effects.
such as the following:
in place to prevent and control transport and communication disasters
TFansport
. Proper maintenance of roads'
. Placement of appropriate road signs'
' Practising road etiquette.
. Ensuring that traffic lights are fully functional'
. Enforcing road laws and regulations'
Communication
. Maintenance of telecommunication iines'
' Provision of network boosters'
. Avoiding use of communication nefwork during bad weather.
cause and elTects of hilzards in the transport irnd

commu nication industrY
of varied causes' The hazards
Transport and communication hazards and disasters are a result
and disasters in turn cause various effects as shown in the table below:
I-lazard/ Causcs Eflects

disaster tYPe
Tfansport . Techuical faults of the vehicles . Road carnage and injuries
such as engine malfunction or . IJnexpected and exPensive
burst tYres expenses
. Poor road maintenance such as . Loss of vehiole control
presetlce of potholes or blinding . Confusion on the road such as
trees urd shrubs failure to give right of waY
. Lack of road signs . Risky driving
. Lack of road etiquette . Damage of propqly--=-
€)
Communication l. Rad weather conditions such as Attraction of lightning
thunderstorms and fl oods
Faulty and defbotive
Technical malfunctions such as communication lines
loss of network
Failure to conner;t to networks
Vandalism and theft of network
Loss of communication
lines
Invasion of communication
networks such as hacki
Table 8-1 cuuse and effects of ha:ards in rrafisporr and
contnrunication
8.4_Maltllg0lllcltt ol' I)isaslu's irr thc'l'ransport Irrdustries
OBJECTIVES
' suggest ways of rnanaging hazards and disasters in the transport
and communication
industry.
Solutions to hazarcls ilrrd rlisasters

Road hazarcls ancl disasters calt happen clue to natural evellts
or human error. Despite the way
in.which they occuq hazards result in disastrous effccts. The list below
shows some of the
ways in which these effects can be rnanaged:
. setting up emergency response services on the road
' marking of areas with high possibilities of acsidents
. enlorcing road laws and regulations
1. Discuss how to interpret a road map and a distance charts using exarnples
of
Zimbabwean city maps downloaded from the internet.
2- Discus the importance of using up-to-date maps and distance charts.
3' Design and draw a map of your school and discuss how you represented
the
classrooms and grounds.
,*9
WORD SPLASH
Choose 15 rvords from the list below that relate to transport and communications
AFFORDABILITY STRATEGIC GOODS ZETDC DISEASE

DISTANCE PRESERVING MODE VOTUNTARY TRAVEL CARE
RAIL ROAD SOCIETY ASSEMBTY LUGGAGE
AIR MESSAGES VOTE GROWTH RECEIVER

RELIEF SAFETY
CHIEF TELEGRAM MARITAL MAPS CONFLICT
Sum runt'y
. Choice of transporl and communicatiou modes are dependent on t'actors such as
affordability, effi ciency, availability and safety'

, Maps and distance charts guide travellers to safely reach their destinations.
. preventive a1d control measures should always be put in place to mitigate the effects of
transport and colmnunication disasters'
(Jkrssury
Collisions ..impacts belween two or more things

Pedestrians - a road user on ibot
Tragic - tenibie
Vandalised - destroyed
Scction A: N{ultiple Choicc ltl Marl<sl

L An example of a transPort hazard is
A. road accident B. car racing
C. speeding race D. communication loss
2. Transport hazards can be a result of
A. poor connectivity B. bad network signal
"o'---
C. LII
\-' drunk driving
l.lfl-tl. LtI I v ur6 D. bad colours on the car
3. Which of the following is not an example of a communicatiorr disaster?
A. Attraction of lightning B. Loss of communication
C. Defective communication gadgets D. Telephone lines
4. Transport hazards can result in
A. mol1ey B. death C. fame D. style
5. is a r:ausc of cotntnunication hazards'
A. Style B. Airtime C. Thunderstorms D. Potholes
e)
6' Which of the tbllowing is not a solution to hazards and disaster in the transport and
commtu ricati on industri es?
A. setting up emergency responsc scliccs on thc road
B. marking of areas with high possibilities of accidents
C. enforcing road'laws and regulations
D. waiting for the disaster to happen
7. which of the following is not a cause of roatl accidents.
A. Potholes B. Trees C. Lack of signage D. Compass
8. Practising road is encouragcd when driving.
A. drinking B. skills C. sleeping D. etiquette
scctirrr tt: s(r'ucfrrctl eucuti,rs ll2 M*r.ltsl
l. Dcfine the fbllowing renns;
a) Pedestrian
b) Transporl
c) Communication
d) Road sign
14)
2. Give any 3 ways in which maps and distance charts are important.
i3l
3. What is road eriquette?
t1l
4. Outline how a key is important on a map.
12)
5. Why is it inrportant to prevent the effect of hatzards and disasters in
transport and communication'l
l2l
*9
Work and Leisure
uman CaPital DevcloPment ln Zi mbabwe
OBJECTIVES
. identify different career opportunities in Zirnbabwc
: ;;;;. ji,r.*n, organisatiors irrvolved irr hurnan capital dcvelop,rent in Zirrrbabwe
Ctrrcer opportunities in Zim halrwc

a living. There are a lot of career
A carccr is an occupation taken by a person in orcler to earn
secondnry and tertiary ind,stries.
opportunities in Zii*babwe tlrat are classifiecl as primary,
Thc tablc bclolv gives exatnples of careers:
('itt'ett'lvlles Dcscl'itrtiort
Primery industrles Thes'e involve tt'," ,1d proclgctiol ol rarv nraterials' Thcy
"*t,*tion
carL.er in agricultLrrc arrcl n-ri,.ting such as: Agrononlisl'i,*ti.:tTl'.:]
(produccrs) includc
extensiou ollicers, vetc.rittttry doctt-lrs, clrivers, tniners.
rletalltrrgist and
ocr:upationnl huztrrds ollicers
SecondnrY industrles ffitltatcotlvcrtrawnraterialsprovicleclbyprinrary
Tlicy
(mrrnufitcturers) ildustries into cotrrmodities uncl products tirr the cottsutners'
inclucle corecrs such as; Engirrcers' Drivcrs nnd Accountuuts
ns the service scctor. It is thcrc ttr
.l
ertlnry industrles @[,ro*', Tenchcrs,
provide s"ivices to thc people. tt includes crrccr$ such ns:
boctors. Lttrvyers, lttsttrauce lrro@
plnycri'
Tltese are cnreers in rporting activities suclt as: Baskctbnll
uncl
Boxers, Footballers. Rugby pl*y"rr, Tennis players, Psychologist
Trniners
trgedintlrevisrralatrclpcrlortrlitrgtrts
inclustry sttch ns; Siugers, Dnncet's, Actors
lintcrtniners und Artists
ktble 9. I Curcer tYPts
e?
Human capital developnrent in Zimbabwe
Human capital development is the creation and improvement of knowledge and skills in
individuals in order to make them cotnpetent in their occupations. There ate many institutions
that are involved in human capital developrnent providing skills and are as follows:
Colleges
These are institutions that provide vocational training. Thcy include poly-technical,
teachers
and vocatiotral traitritrg colleges. They focus of equipping intlividuals with the techlical
skills
that are specific to cefiain jobs. Exarnples of such institutions in Zinrbabwe include Mkoba
Teachers College, Bulawayo Polytechnic College, Bondolfi Teachers College,
Kushinga-
Pikelela College, Ntabazinduna Collcgc Morgan Zintcc Teachers Collcge and Joshua Mqabuko
College amorlg others.
Universities
Thesc are institutions that provide in-dcpth teachrng and training.of specialists such
as doctors,
lawyers, artists and politicians among others. They fbcus on building a highly competent.
knowlcdgcablcandskilledspecialists. Examples incluclc Midlands StatcUniv"rs;iy, University
of-Zimbabwe. Africa University, Great Zirnbabwe University, Chinhoyi University, National
University of Science and Technology and Bindura University of Science Eclucation among
others.
q.z Enter;rrise skills/self-Reliance and Enrploynrent

Creation
OBJECTIYES -
' explain the concept of self-reliance and emplovrnent creation
. discuss the cffests of unemployment
. suggest ways of being self-r:eliant and creating ertrployment
Self'-reliance and elnploynlell t creation

Self-reliance is being independent with own resources. It implies that a1 individual depends
on oneself and no external help for employnrent. As suc|, a self-reliant individual creates
his or her or,vn income. In self-reliance, an inclividual creates, controls and cletermines the
naturc of lris or her job. There are a nunrber of ways in which people can be self:reliant and
they include vetlturing into arts and music, famring, carpentry, building ancl engineering,
rncchariics, hair styling, vending, panning, farrning and nrany other fields.
,^, (rfi ,.
i \--l )
ElTects of unemPloYment
job by any organisation or not being
Unemployment is the state of not being engaged in any
such as the ones below:
self-reliant. As such, unemployment hai a variety of effects
. stigmatisation
. increase in crime such as robbery, house breaking and
theft
. immoralbehaviour such as prostitution to have income
. as sexually transmitted infections, unwanted
health-related problems such
Pregnancies and abortions
. increase in drug abuse
, development of low self-esteem and suicidal thoughts
. unfair labour Practices
. increased vulnerabiliry leading to abuse and human trafficking
Wavs of being selt'-reliant

choosing a line of trade
self-reliance can be achieved in many ways that involve an individual
in which self-reliance is practiced;
that he or she is best suited for. The following are ways
Vending
people such as tomatoes'
This is engaging in the practice of buying and selling goods to
apples, vegetabtes, bananas and books to earn a living'
Cooperatives
venture into gardening'
This is when people join together and work as a group' They can
can help them to eam a living'
poultry, brick *o,rlding, bakery aud many other activities that
.Farming
plants. such farming
Individuals can engage in the growing of garden crops and cereal
at home'
products are then soldsuch as vegetables or used for consumption
Other activities
practices such as being a
such activities include one engaging in semi-skilled or unskilled
carpenter, plumber or a builder. feople can also rnake use
of manual labour skills to eam a
living ,u"h u* providing services to people who tleed them.
I,,xcrcisc I'l
Sc{:tion ,{: Nlultiplc Choicc lll lnarlisl
1. A specialisedjob area is called a D.
A. path B. career C' salary payment
2. Which career type involves extraction and production of raw materials?

A. primary B' secondary C' tertiary D' compound
3. Accountants fall into the industries of manufactures'
D'
A. prirnary B. **,d"'l C' tertiary compound
eb
3. Accountants tall into the industri es of manufactures.
A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. compound
4. Tertiary industries involve sectors that provide
A. raw materials
B. public serviocs
C. manufhcturing
D. destruction of rnaterials
5. Hurran capital is developed in colleges ar-rcl
A. universities B. prisons C. uhurches D. home
6. Careers require specialised skills and competence.
A. technical R. social C. nrental D. physical
7. An example of a tertiary industry career is a
A. teacher B. farmer C. driver D. engineer
8. Unernployment can result in
' A. criminal activities B. stigmatisation
C. drug abuse D. healthy living
Scclion R: Slrurtrlrrrl Qucstirlns ll2 rrrar.hsl
l. Explain the following concepr;
a) career opporfunities
b) human capital t4l
2. What is rn(iant by self-reliance'?
t2)
J. State any three ell'ects of unemployment.
t3l
-+. Explain tire tbllowing u'ays of being sclt:reliant;
a) \'ending
b) Cooperatives
c) h-nrming
t3l
9.3 Protectinn of Workcrs' Rights
OBJECTIVES
. identifyworkers'rights
. explain the need for protecting workers'rights
. state occupational hazards and saf'ety measures
{9
Workers'rights
These are the privileges and rights that workers are entitled to. Such
rights enable workers
called
to perform their rolei and duties accorclingly without any challenges. Organisatious
workers, unions ensure that workers are given their rights such as the
following:
' The right to safety and protection from harm'

, The right to fair treatment without any unfair labour practices.
' Protection fi'om unfair disrnissal'
.Theriglrttofairandstipulatedemploynrentincome.
Occupational hazards
at work. However, hazards
Workplaces should put the safety of workers above everything else
can occur at workplaces that include the following:
Chemical hazards
include
These are hazards that involve exposure to hazardous chemicals. Such chemicalS
Chemical
pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, cyanide and other toxic chemical substances.
or fatalities.
hazards can occur through spillages and they can result in skin diseases
Bio-hazards
people. Such hazards
These are caused by biological substances that threaten the health of
need to be dealt with in tirne as they can lead to death. Bio-hazards
include exposure to
fluids.
moulds, fungi. sewage, harmful plants, stinging insects, blood and body
Physical hazards
contact with ttre
These are hazards that affect the physical body of workers through direct
body. They cause injuries especialty in industrial areas such exposure
to clectricity, fires and
' extreme temPeratures.
Psycho-social hazards
Such hazards are
These are hazards that affect the mental and social well-being of employees.
are caused by unfair
associated with the way workers are managed and treated at work and
and unlawful treatm.ni, b.irg assigned more work or not receiving
income. An exarnple of
such hazards is occupational stress'
Occupational safetY
that workers are safe
Safety takes first priority in workplaces as it is very irnportant to enswe
and without
from harm and hazurds at work, Safety ensures that workers operate efficiently
include the following;
fear, Measures that can be put in place to ensure that employees are safe
.Provision of protective work equipment and clothing
' Setting up emergency evacuation procedures
' Provision of medical care for staff on site
. Regular check-ups on the working condition and equiprnent of workers
, Equipping ernployees with disaster and risk nlanagernent skills
(9
14 Responsibility at work ancr Dur-ing Leisri* ri,rr*
OBJECTIVES
. justify individual responsibiilties at work ancl during leisurp time
. describe the benefits of being involvecl in sports
. design tinre-tables fbr work and leisurc
Rcsponsitlilitics at work nnd tluring lcisurc timc

Individuals shtluld be responsible at all times. Responsibility ensures that one is protected
and
safe' It ls important to be responsible at work and d.uring leisure time
so as to maintain satbty,
Individuai responsibilities at work
' Full commitment to the job in order to achieve maxirnum procluction.
' Maintaining, developing and det'ending thc reputation of the organisation.
. Ensuring that sal'efy is practiced at all tirncs.
' Practising integrity. accountability,, honesty, transparency and punctualiry.
Individual responsibilities during leisure time

' Avoiding destruction of propefty and intertbring with pcoplc's right and responsibility.
' Ensuring own and othc:r pcoplc's safcty tJur.irrg lcisur.c ti*c.
' Maintainillg ubuntu or utthu durirrg leisure times by exhibiting go6d morals.
. Prornoting good and healthy life sryles.
Sports
Sporting activities are seen to have health benefits as thcy involve physical, mental
and social
activities that develop an individual. They can be clone tbr leisure or for professional purposes
and they include the following benefits:
. [t itnproves physical fitness
. It provides eujoyment and entertainment
. It relieves stress and improves good rnental health
. It develops social unity
. It prevcnts and manages chronic diseases
g
9.5 Tourism in SADC and other Countries
OBJECTIVES
. identiff tourist destinations in Zimbabwe, the SADC and other countries
. explain the importance of toutism to Zimbabwe and
other countries
Tourist clestinations in Zimbabweo SADC and other

countrie$
ten provinces. The hble below
There are many tourist attractio* places across Zimbabwe's
shows some of these tourist destination and where
they are found'
'l'ourist at(raction l,ocution

Victoria Falls Matabeleland North
Hwange National Park Matabeleland North
Rulawavo
Matobo
Great Zimbabwe
Masvingo
Nyanga Mountains Manicaland
Chinhoyi Caves Mashonaland West

Mashonaland West
Kariba Dam
Mana Pools Mashonaland West
Mashonaland West
Matusadonha
Gonarezhou National Park Masvingo
Chiloio Cliffs Masvingo
Nyagombe FalE Manicaland
Table 9.2 Tourist destittutions in Zimbabwc
Tourist nttractions in SADC

have tnany tourist
SADC is an organisation that has 16 Ariican countries. These countries
table below:
attraction sites across them such as the one shown in the
Tourist attraction l,ocation

National Park
South Luatrgwa National Part

South Africa
Chobe National Park

irimbas Archi
()
Lake Malawi Malawi
Sossusvlei
Tsble 9.J Tburist attractions in SADC
other tourist attraction sites across Afiica and the rest of the world include
the following;
.lourist
al(racliorr l,ocaliorr
lhe creat Pyranids Egypt
Nragara Falls United States of America
Northern Ltghts Canada
Thc Grcat Wall China
Table 9,4 World tourist uttructiorts
Bencfits of tourisnr
The vast nutnber of towism activities creates rnany benefits
for cnuntries. Some of the benefits
are listed below:
' It boosts the econornic by bringing in tbreign currency
. There is developnrent of infrastructure
' It makes the collntry to be recognisable on the intemational scelle
. It creates employment
. It helps to preserue national heritagc sites
1' Role-play various career opportunities of your choice clearly discussing

the roles of
each.
2' write a business proposal on any venture you would pursue to be self-reliant.
3. Discus how a variety of dangers at workplaces can be prevented.
Summary
' There are many career opporl,unities in Zinrbabwe groupecl into primary
secondary and
tertiary.
a
Self-r'cliance is the abiliry to sustain oneself by creating and rnanaging
own employnrent.
a
Responsible behaviout'at work and during leisure should be maintained
at all times.
, Glossflry
Hazards - dangers
Leisure - free time or relaxation
I oxrc - poisonous
,r,7'{
i\--)
,r.'
Marksl
Section A: Multiple Choice [8
Workers rights are duties to be done at work
1.
work
B.
A, labour at
D. salaries at work
C. entitlements at work
is not a workers'right?
2. Wfri.f, of the fotlowing
any unfair labour practices
A. The right to rui.i.Lt nent withour
Prot.rlio, fi'om unfair dismissal
il.
C. Declara[ion of not working income
D. The riglrt to fair and stipulated employment
C' ZET;C D. ZIMDEF
A. ZINWA B. ZIPO
type of hazard?
Which of the fbtlowing is not
a
4. C' Mental - . D' Hunger
A. Biological B Physicai
A. Setting up emergency evacuation
procedures :^-
trleatment equipment in case of emelgencles
B. Availability of
staff on site
C- Availability of medical care and
when w91kine..^-r.
D. Not w'^'i'g protective clothing ^r. .l,,,i,ro leisl
Aisawayotu"i,i,.sponsibleatworkorduringleisurettme.
L g.ittg self centred
B. Ensuiing the safery of others
C. Practising bad behaviour
D. Not caring about personal slfety
tourist attraction is found
in Egypt?
7. Wt irt B. Table Moun[ain
A. Niagara Falls
D. Northern lights
C. The PYrarnids except
8. ifr" f"ff o*ing are benefits of tourism in ibreign curency
A. it boosts the economic by bringing
B. it destroYs ecosYstems
C. there is development of infrastructure
D.itmakesthecountrytoberecognisableontheinternationalscene
Section B: Structured Questions ll2 Marksl
tenns:
1. Explain the meaning of the tbllowing
a) Workers rights t2l
b) Occupational safety . i ,- -^-)^.
2. d*pr"i" ii,e following occupational hazards:
a) Bio-hazards t2l
b) Chemical hazards following:
3. State any fwo ways for each.of the
a) Responsibility during.leisure t4l
Ul ResPonsibilitY at *9tk ^ t3l
4. dutline any three benefits of engaging in
sports'
[1]
5. Why is tounsn' illortant?
()
fJlobal I ssues
I0.I llnvironnrental l ssucs : l)cscrtifi cation

Ca uses litl'ects and Solutions
OBJECTIVES
Learners should tre able to:
. exarnine causes ancl cfl-ects
ol.ctc_scrtification
' slrg-qost rnitigatory fhctors to
thc probrcnr of crcsi:rtificatiorr
f)eserf ificntion
Dcscrtilictrtion is a typc ol-larrci
clclrraclation that all-ccts a rclativcly
thc lancl to becoltte increasingrv clry lan<J region. It causcs
a.v ancl lose its r,vatcr Loclics as welr
as vegetation.
('luse s ol'tle sel.lilicaliorr
Overgrazing
This is rvlrcn plants arc cxposc<J
to irrtcnsivc grazi,g tbr c-xtcndccl pcriocls
strflicicnt rccovcly timc' It is causecl of tirne withoLrt
by livcsticr, i,r'puorry managccr
herbivore aninrals in game reserves.- areas as werl as wild
Delbrestation
ry-IGF
'I
I
I
I De.fitre,stutitttt
i..i!,.1
Poor farming Practices is one such
degrade the rand. shifting cultivation
There are some farming practices which
practice wfrictl-teads to ttt" .tttti"gio*" of a lot of trees followed by buming of
farmi,g
vegetation.Poorirtigationtechniquesalsoaddstothepoort.armingpracticesasfatmersuse
to vegetation loss
much water on their crops. This can lead to shortage of water leading
too
and eventuallY deserlrfi cation'
Urbanisation and land development purposes'

cutting down of vegetation as weil as clearing of land for building
This involves
Such practices destrJys rregetation
wl:licfi cventually leads to desertification'
Climate change the wilting

rainfall received which in turn results in
can result in the decline of
climate changes susceptible to
ross of vegetation. This causes soil to dry out in the rreat and become more
and
erosion'Prolongedperiodsofdroughtcanleadtodesertification.
StriPPing the land of resources the larrd

people mine for gold, diamorrds, chrome and many other minerals they leave
Wherr in the mining process'
This can as a lot ofvegetation is destroyed
exposed.
"uu*Jd.rrrtification
Natural disasters
inch'rde examples
These are major unfavourable events
resurting fi.om naturar processes. Trrey
events lead to
drought, huricane, volcanic eruptioris, earthquake and cyclones' Such
such as
thedestructionofvegetationwhichleadstodesertification'
llffccts antl solutions of desertitication

is process that has negative impacts on the environment. These effects
Desertification of
be conkolied, managed and prevented. The table below shows the effects
shoulo
desertification and the possible solutions'
.\olu tlotts to tlcstrrtilicrr tioll
Effects of desertilication
. Refotestation
L* ot no cultivation land
. Conducting awareness camPaigns
Hunger
of the ecosYstem in the . Educating the societY
Disruption
environment
. Practicing good agricultural practices
. Waler scarcity which limits the growth
of ' Enforcing environtnental laws
vegetation ' Reviewingpolicies ondestructiveecotlomical
. Enclangering or extinction of wildlife activities
. Destruction of
ffi t at op'rcts and solutions of desertification
(}
10.2 Pollution: Causes, Eflects and Soluti,ns
OBJECTIYES
. define pollution
. explain the causes and efl'ects of pollution
. suggest rnitigatory measures to control pollution
Pollution
Pollution is thc introd.uction of hannfirl substances to thc environment.
It can be classified into
three groups r.vhich are water, land and air.
'l'vpcs anrl causr.s ol' pollul iorr
Water
This is the coutamination of'water boclies such as rivers, Iakes.
oceans and other water sources.
Industrial wastc is one of thc nrajor causes of water poilution. Raw
sewage {inds its way int.
streams and rivers in towus and cities thereby polluting the
water. Munyale River, Mukuvisi
Rivor and Lakc Chivero are sorne of thc watcr bodls that have
b.r, g."atly pollurecl by
sewage and industrial waste' In mining areas, rnercury used to
trap gold .id, up in rivers and
dams' This nretal has serious cft'ects on people's healih when
the water is consumecl. In urban
al'eas, tltele sot'ue vehicles tirat spiil oil which is later
washed into rivers by r:un-off water.
Pesticides and herbicides also pollute the water.
Land
It is the deposition of solid or liquid waste rnaterials on land. Land pollutants inolucle
nlunicipal waste, construction waste and dernolition waste or debris as
well as animal excreta.
Dumping of waste from householtls in areas that are not tlumping sites
also causes lancl
pollution.
Air
This is the emissiou of dangerous gases into the atmosphere. Such pollutants
are emitterl
into the air by hutnan activities fi'otn tnanufacturing industries and transpodation.
Tlre rnajor
gases that pollute the air include tritrogen oxidc, uart:on
dioxide, sulphu, oxide as well as
volatile organic ctlnrpounds. Air pollution is very high in industrial
areas.
Iifict:ts nnd solutions ol' ;rollutiorr

Pollution results itt rnatty tregative effects in the enviroument. The tatrle belorv
shows the
effects and possible solutions to polh.rtion.
rr-7fl-l
of rrollrrtion Solutions
Water Destruction of aqua life ' waste water treatment
toxio rvater that cannot be . mulching
drunk or used in agriculrure . avoid durnPing in water
disedses such as diarrhea, bodies
cholera, dysentery, tYPhoid . avoid overusing chemicals
and poliomyelitis such as fertilisers and
pesticides
. Loss of soil fertilitY . Re-use materials

. Clirnate change . Reforestation and
. Endangetment and afforestation
extinction of wildlife ' Using organic fertilisers
species . Using designated durnPing
. Can lead to long ienn*health
sites
problems such as chronic
respiratory diseases
. Reduction in crop yields
. acid rain resulting in . teduce or avoid use of fossil

corrosion of buildings fuels
. birth defects, reproductive . using solar, wind or
failure ancl diseases in geothermal enelgY
animals
. global watming
. clirfate change
. resbiratory problems
. reduction in crop yields
Table 10.3 Effects snd solutions o{pollution
your teacher
1. Organise a tree planting campaign at your school with the help of
the help
and administration. plant trees at designated areas around the schoolwith
of your teacher.
2. Discuss how water, land and air pollution can cause
problem at your school'
3. Discuss how to reduce pollution at your school'
€)
TRUE OREALSE
Indicatc whether the following statements on Environmental Global Issues
are true or
false.
l. Desertrfication can be caused by afforestation.
2. The Kalahari Desert is found iri southern Afnca.
3' Natural disasters such as droughts, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes can lead to
desertification.
4. Eutrophication is u'hen wastc rnaterials collcct in the air.
5' Air pollution is causecl lry industrial gases such trs nitrogel oxide, carbol dioxide and
sr"rlphur dioxide.
6. Mulching can reduce water pollution.
7. Air pollution can result in acid rain.
8. Desertification can disrupt natural ecosystems.
9. La,d p,llution leads to destructi', of rrari.e lif-c.
I 0. [lunger; endangerment or extinction of wil<jlif'e
is a result oi clesertification,
Sunrrnltl'v
' Poor agricultural and land development practices can leaci to desertification
' Desertification can has lnany effects such as water scarcity, hunger
and endangerment of
wildlif-e as well as disruption of ecosystems
' Pollution is tbund in tlrree tbrms which are air, lancl ancl water
' Pcoplc should alrvays practicc mitigatory milasul.cs that lessen the
cffects ot-cnvironmental
hazards.
Degradation - damage or destruction

Ecosystem - a nefwork of how vegetation and animals are
interconnected
Mitigatory - reducing
Urbanisation - increase in the number of people living in towns and
citics
4ll{17.
Section A: N{ultiple Choicc l8 Marksl
l. Desertification can be caused by the following factors except
A. overEazing B. deforestation c. ufbanisation D. rainfall
2. Land is a result of desertification'
D. conservation
A. burning B. degradation C' water
3. Which of'thc following is not a type of pollution?
A. Fire B. Air C. Water D. Land
4. is a poor farming practice that leads to desertification.
A. Conseryation farrning
B. Irrigation
C. Crop rotation
D. Shifting cultivation
5. which type of pollution results in destruction of
marine life?
A. Air B. Water - C' Land D' Fire
6. which of the following gases does not cause air
pollution?
A. Nitrogen oxide
B. Water vepour
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Sulphur oxide
1. Land pollution can result in
A. building of multi-story buildings
B. death of marine life
C. endangerment of wildlife species
D. croP rotation
8. causes water Pollution'
A. Plastic dePosits B. Raw sewage
C. CroP rotation D. Cloud seeding
Sectitln B: Structurcd Questitlns ll2 Marl<sl
l. Define the following terms;
a) Desertification
b)
Pollution 121
2. Explain how the following types of pollution happens;

a) Land
b) Air
c) Water t3l
3. Suggest any two ways of mitigating desertification' l2l
4. Explain how water pollution can lead to death of marine
life. 121
5. outline how the following factors lead to desertif,cation;

a) Overgrazing
b) Urbanisatiou
c) Deforestation i3l
N9
m ffi
ffifi[iltffiiltilil
ffiilrilG
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Family
----------.rd
Conce grt of the F atnilY
G,dii,'
Learners shotrld be able to:
. identifY fanrilY relatiotts
. state roles of the fanrily tnetnbers'
. explain what is llleant by fanrily dynanrics
. state changes that bring about family dyrlanrics
. state thc etl'scts of tarrlily dynatuics
. state thc ilrrportance of lineages
. describe the tirnctiorrs of totcttls
F arnily rel:rtionshiPs
relations contlcct siblirlgs
Farnily relationslrips ar.e corrnections by birth or rrrarriagc. Such
are important bccatttsc thcy tcach
as well as the extended family. Strong f:amily relationships
also develop better health ancl wcllbcing'
one to builcl tr-r.rst ir-r othcrs. Close famii-y rclatiorrships
in the socicty' Rcligion
In additiorr, far,ily relationships trre iinportant in building hartnony
places great values on f'anrily relatio'slrips as they promote
cooperatio. ancl co.,cctiorr
proble ttrs attcl joys in titt-rcs
within fnrnilies, Family relationships allow people to share their
of sorrorv and ltaPPirrcss.
Relations lvithin the {rrnrilv

marital borrds. I-lowcvcr, thcy
Family relations6ips are nrainly fornrcd fl'onr biological ancl
arrd tbster parcnting'
can also be developcd in other w&ys suclt as acloption
Atlo;rtion
assume thc parenting of a
Adoption is a process whereby relativcs or non related individuals
through consent of thc cottrts
child or children fi.orrr their biological parents. A<Joption is done
the adopted child or childre.
that give ftrlr cr.rstocry, when tnc aoopiion process is finalised,
, lil r
loses his or her old identity. As such the chilcl or chilclren become a
member of the,ew family
and the adoptive parents assume full responsibilities of the adopted
child or children.
l'ig l.l t-amily with sn odopted boby
i'll,,ftl' l|; i:tltiti I
Fostcrparcnting is when a child or children can no longcr live with their biological parents
ancl
arc placcd into the care of other people called lbstcr parcnts. They assume tlte responsibility
of providing care and suppotl. Fosterparenting can either be short-term, long tenn or even
petmanent depending on the arrangement. Children tall into foster cars for
a variefy of reasons.
The passing on of parents can lead children inlo lbster care. Some are removed from
their
biological parents into foster care because of abuse and neglect.
Fig 1.2 .4 foster./utttillt
I tr. lirlr r.
In-laws are the relatives of each spouse in a man iage setup. This meals that, the husbanil
ref'ers to all his wife's relatives as in-laws and the wif-e does the same towards
the husband's
relatives. For example, the husband refers to his wif-e's thther as the father in-law and the
wife
refbrs to the husband's sister as the sister-in-law. [n-laws assist in passing on cultural teachings
and traditiolls to children such as morals and language. In-laws also u*irt in truildi'g
stroig
tzunily bonds when they spend tirne together. Fror uxarnplc, grandparcnts can share educative
stories and skills when they spend time with their granclchildren.
!r+
Fig 1.3 In-laws
Rolrs of f'antilv ntellrbel's

Parents look after their
Every family member has his or her own roles to play in the family'
by doing household chores
children and provide for them whilst children helf their parents
other. The extencled family also
and other duties. Siblings also look after and protect each
each family member
plays an educative role Io teach and guide family members. Therefore,
must carry out his or her own tasks Jnd responsibilities in order
to avoid conflict within the
each other'
lamily. Inaddition, family members should show respect towards
Family dyrlamics
of fuctors' Such
Family dynarnics are changes that take place in families due to a number
changes affect the way in which family members relate and
interact with each other' Family
a soft or strict parent
dyrrutirs can be influenceclby the nature of parents'relationship, having
personalities of family members'
in particular, number of children in the family and the varied
as separation arrd
It can be noted that farnily dynarnics can be brought about by changes such
death.
Sep:rrirtiorl
Separation is when married couples misunderstand each other
resulting in the[r living
but their
,.pu.ur.ly at different houses. Parents can have several reasons for separating
separation greatly affect the children'
Dcath
or both parents pass on, it puts
Death of a family rnember greatly affects the family. when one
a strain on the .hild.*n which affecl.s them socially and
emo[ionally'
Effects of ftlmilY dYnamics

eff'ects of family
Family dynamics can results in a variery of ways. The table below shows
dynamics caused by sepatation and death:
i' li]
t_ff qS"!qqf_.*.p_t.t!Ul death "- ---
. Quarrels over child custody. j
Effects
l-;Dm
ii,ptregts
.
of
o_t death
Development of loneliness. --j I
I
Dillicultics in offering child guidance. . Ilostility. anger and anxiety within children,
Rendering the ohildr.en vulnerable to . Mood swings in children at honre ancl at school.
i
abuse especially when left alone or with . Grieving disorders I
strangers.
. Children may blame themselves for thc loss.
i
Emol"ional and psychological stress on I
I
children in dealing with the separation.
I
I
Table l.l Effects offaruily dynamics
L inria lcs : md totenrs

Everyone colnes fi'om a farnily with a line of'family members
fi.om one generation to another
calletl alineage. Lineages give one an identity un.l u sense of
belonging. Inaciciition, people
in Afi'ican Indigenous religion also havc toterns that aicl in giving
one an identity.
Il;stori rai il,pccts

Historical aspects are factors that give facts and belief in a rnyth. They
help in tracing one,s
farnily and identity. Examples of historical aspects include lineages,
a,cestors and totems.
l.ilrrlrg r itit iartcr:sltrl.s
Lineages are direct descents from one's ancestors. Family members
can trace their descent
frotn a col}llnon ancestor through a lineage to cstablish their ancestors.
A family lineage
provides helpful and useful information that cau be used by
the living family members. This is
possible because shared reiations ancl connections in a lineage
are passod fi.om onc generation
Lo the oilrer. The lollor,ving are- sorne of tlre impor.r"ance
ol-a lineage
Importance of lineages
. Prcservation of family traditions and cultur.c.
. Establishment of one's identify.
' Provision of useful medical history.
' Establishmcnt of inheritance such as chieftainship and hcadnranship.
. Explains farnily genes and characteristics.
' Tracing of lamily relatives.
'i't ,f e tlli
A tOtem is believed to be a sacred animal, spirit, symbol or object
that has spiritual significance
and importance to a group of relatecl pcoplc. As part of indigcnous
heritagc, totcnrs arc
adopted as a powerful emblem that identifies the iamily. clari
tribe or lineage. They are
usnally associated with animals or their body parts. Examples of
totems inclucle Nz ou, Drbe,
Shuniltu, Mhc{u, Mo.t'o, Terubo and Httngrl,e amongst others. They
are mostly commol i1
Afiican societics but can also be tbund in othcr in,ligenous cultures of the world
such as thc
Inclians.'foLems serve a variety of fr-rnctions such 6 tl.,* o1c"s
liste4 bel,r.l:
Importance of totems in Indigenous religion'
. Identifying and recognising one's relatives and origins'
a Building unity, especially among people who share the same totem'
to consunre their totems'
a Conservation of natural resources aS people are not allowed
totem ars not allowed
a Maintaining traditional ethics and norms as people of the same
to marry each other'
as those of the Shwnbo/
Describing the qualities and characteristics of a famity such
igrnyo*itotem for being flerce and the Tsoko/Inkavr'il for being clever)
and honour'
Giving praise when one does a good deed and showing respect
1.2 liamily rild Religiotr
OBJECTIYES I

i
. explain ways of manying in different religions )

I
Family lif'e and nrarriage

and a wolnan' People
Marriage is a tegally and socially recognised union between a man
joined together according to the ways of tlreir
begin ti shur. their marriage life when tiey are
religion.
lVays of rnat-r3'itlg
Various religions have
The way in which people get married depends on one's religion'
different marriage practices as expiained below:
Indigenous lvavs of Inal"rf ing

can get married' llowever. due
The Indigenous religion provides many ways in which people
some of these ways arc
to recent human rigits, national laws and the govemment constitution,
religiorr:
now considered illesal, The foll.wing are ways of matrying i1Ildigenous
Kukumbira/ ukucela umlilo (asking for a woman's hand in marriage)

family and asks for her
In this type of marriage, the tlan's family approaches to the woman's
proceedirrgs begin with the
hand in marriage whiist the woman is in agieement. The marriage
the rnarriage' The
woman,s aunties and the man's go-between or intermediator negotiating
The bricte price comprises
bride price (roora or lobola) is then paid after the negotiations,
After the proceedings'
of a herd of cattle for the father, a heife, for the uother and tnoney.
the man'S family for an official
the woman'S aunt then accompanies the married woman to
handover.
i lt7
1r \
Ku tizira/ukubalekela (elopement)
This is when a womall goes td stay with the man before payment of the
bnde price. The
elopement can be facilitated by pregnanoy or a mutual agreement
between the two. It is
customaly for the woman to be escorted by the aunt to the man's family
where she lvill
hand over her niecc. Hr:wcveq in clther oases the woman can
elope without the consent of
her family. This will require the rnan to pay the woman's farnily a reasonable
amount of
money (not fixed) called tsvakirai kuno. Such a payment notifies
the woman,s family of their
daughter's elopment as well as the man taking responsibility.
Kuzvarira/ukuzalelwa (Child pledging)
This typc of nrarriage is when a tamily agrees or prtrrniscs to providc
a briclc ro another family.
In such a case, the girl grows up being protectetl as she erwaits to be married
to the family she
was pronlised to until she reaches a mafure agc. The wolnan is not given
a choice or say in
the arraugemetrt. Sr-rch rvpe of a man'iage is motivated by various
.Ju*o.r, that would befall
a family which include hunger or cotnmitment of crimes towards
another fbmily. Therefore,
child pledgirrg would be regarded as the paynrent. This rype of marriage now
is di.scourageci
as it violates ltutnan rights of both the girl and thc lnan to whorn
shc is to be married to.
Musengabere (abduction of a woman)
Tlris is the act of taking an Llrunarried wonran to be a wife by force
whilst s5e is unaware and
without her approval. This type of rnaniage involves grabbing. canying and running
with the
unrnarried wolran to the lran's homestead frorrr any strategic place (usually
on her way to or
tiom tbtching water or lirewood). rf the man is successtul. the womun *oul,l be accepied
b1,
the man's family and be encollraged to accept thc nran. Marriage proceedings
will then start
with the young man sending a token to the wornan's family aterting them that the
woman is
with hirn' Musengabere was practiced in pre-colonial Zimbabrve and is now treated
as an
unlawful act that violates the rights of the woman.
Kuganhal ukugana
This is a type of marriage that gives the r.r,oman decicling powers. It involves
a wo*an eloping
to a tnan of her choice without his approval after shc would have failed
to entice hinr to ,"r..V
her. Elders in the society or the matl's family play the role of elcouraging
the ma, to accept
thc wonran as failurc to acccpt thc wouran is oonsiclerecl an insult to th;
ancestors. Such a
marriage is no longer accepted by the law ancl society because it violates
the rights of men.
Chimu tsamapliwa/ chimeta masisi
This is a type of maniage that involves replacernent of a wife by the deceased
wife's family. .
In such a case, the in-laws would chosc a rightful candidate fi'om their family to rcplace
rhcir
deceased relatives in the man'iage. This is done to maiutain relations
betweeu the two families
especially when the in-laws are wealthy. Some people are still practising
this type of rnaniage
but it is not as comtrron as it was long ago.
{' rc"isfi llr \? 11,t; ul. nl:u"r"1 i!tt:

A Christian marriage is a covenant in which a man ancl woman are united togetlrer in holy
matrimony in a place of worship. It is perfbrmed befbre a mar:riage ollicer who is
either a
priest or pastor. A marriage certificate that approves the union is given
to the couple and it
allows for
allows for the wife to change assume her husband's sumame. Christian marriage
to many a non-
only one rnarital partner. In addition, Christian marriages allow for a christian
christian or a christian from a different church denomination.
I
Wa1's of marn'ying in Judaibrn

andl'{issuin. Kiddushin
In Judaism, marriage occurs in two different stages which are Kiddushin
The wortrlan becotnes
is when a woman accepts money from a man who wishes to marry her'
together at this stage.
the wife of the *on *ho* she wishes to marry but the two do not live
their marTiage life
The Nissuin is when the husband brings the wife into his home and to begin
ou soul mates
together. Jewish marriage requires dedication, effort and energy and is based
*d lor". The Talnrud (book of Jewish law) views a man wittrorit a wife, or a wotnan without
a husband, as incomPlete.
Islamic ways of nrirrt'-r"ing

Islam marriage is a religious ancl honoured cluty. Muslirns seek guidance from
Allah and
a tnan and
Islamic teachings before getting married. Islant marriage is a 1egal contract between
a woman called the Nikah.The fwo who are to be married consent
to the marriage according
to a religiously
to their free will, A format and binding contract that is considered important
pubtic
valid Islamic marriage is done verbally or wriffen on paper. This is followed by a
marriage ceremony *tt.a the Walimaft which is perforrned in celebration of the wedding.
Ii,ret'r:ise .,\
Serlion A: i\'Iultiplc Chuir:c {l(} nrarlisl
1. Family relationships are connections by _-'
A. blood B. roles C. titles D. relations
2. What is a lineage?
A. family connections
B. family totems
C. direct descents from an ancestor
D. history of ancestors
3. People of the same totem should not marry each other because they
A. are enetnies
B. respect each other
C. are related
D. view things differentlY
4. Deflne farnilY dYnarnics.
A. relations in families
B. effects of farnilies
C. changes in families
D. tnovements in families
. itt -
fi
\
\,-- j
5. The picture below shows an exarnple of a rnaried couple and tlreir
. :]n+
A. rnothers and fathers B. in-laws

C. children D. ancestors
6. Which relatives are shown above'J
A. parents, mother and father
R. grandparents and siblings
C. parents, grandparents and grarrdchilci
D. grandchild and grandparents only
7. Muslims seek guidance from befbre their marriages.
A. anoestors R. family members
C. Allah D. Mohammed
8. In indigenous marriage the fbllowing are ways of marrying except
A. elopement (kutizira)
B. abduction (musengabere)
C. asking for rnaniage (ukuccla urulilo)
D. strong mamiage (nissuin)
9. Who conducts a Christian rnan-iage'/
A. a llun B. zr youth leader
C. pastor 0r priest D. a congregant
t0. Maniage in Judaism occurs in stages.
A. threc B. Four C. two D. fivc
l,'"'l.iirlr ti: o"{ ui'{lrlr"q? {i:rl.slii,tl. li', l.i.ir..._.
Mr and Mrs Gur"ure lrave a son callecl Jonathan. Cliietlza is Mr ancl Mrs Chirenje's
dauglrter. Jonathan and Chicdza got nrarricd. They havc three cirildren, a boy called Abcl
and two girls namely Linda and Nelly respectively.
Use the above story abovc to answcr qucstion I to 2

l. \['l-rat is the relationship between Jonathan ancl Mr and Mrs Chirerle?
lll
2. What is the relationship between Jonathan ancl Abe l,/ tll
3. Define fbster parenting t2l
4. Narne fw. tamily dynanrics that bring change in family life. t21
5. What are the effects of death of parents on chilclren? t2l
6. Give any three objects or anirnals used as toterns. 13l
7. Where are Christian rnariages perfbrrnecl '] t1l
8. The Christian vows talk of one nran and w0man. ill
9. How many stages does a Jewish mariage have,/
10. Judaism views marriage as
lll
tll
1.3 Fanrily and ComrnunitY
OBJECTIVES
. explain the benefits of family interaction
. identifu ways of coring for the nccdy
Family interaction
The purpose of family interaction is to preserve, promote and maintain the parent-child
relationship and other family attaclunents. Family interactions cafl be between immediate
family members or the extended family. Family interaction provide essetrtial information aud
ernotional support through spending tirne together as a family which creates an environment
for members to interact. Good communication is vital in all family interactions as children are
taught about their rights and responsibilities as well as family obligations.
Bcne{its of lanrily interactiort

Family interaction are beneflcial to the family and the community at large as noted below:
. Interaction bring the family together and encourage communication befween members.
. problems can easily be identified allowing for mapping of solutions to the problerns.
. Peoplc work together for one cornlnon goal if there is farnily interaction.
. Conflicts are reducecl when there is time for menrbers to talk aboul them.
. euality time and improved family relationships are created during family
interactions.
. They help to rnaintain relationships between siblings, parents and the extended farnily.
. Family members can express their needs, wants and concerns to each other.
Caring tor the needy

people who cannot take cale of themselves are krrown as the needy. They include orphans,
widows, widowers, the elderly, the sick and the physically challenged individuals. Such
people require help and support from the society.
Ways of caring for the needY

There are different ways in which people can care of the needy such as the following:
.Donating goods such as clothing, food, furniture and appliance.
. Creating voluntary groups to assist them with households chores or shopping'
. Conducting fundraising programmes to generate money and goods to give them'
. Helping them to start their own sustainable projects so as to fend for themselves'
. Educating ttrcrn in uspcl:ts of lifc so that they learn take care of themsclvcs.
,' tll -l \
\-
rmusnsxrmrffi\
ans.l linlofj{,}};!! t,r;lr.rririg
*.11 ,,'*' ]
l'* ''"^^
{
I OBJECTIVES
i
)
I
I
I Learners should be ahle to: i
. explain ways of managing relationships I
. demonstrate rnafurity in handling criticisrn ancl anger

i
{
. state the need for respect for self and others i

I
' explain the importance of love a,d conce* ibr

i
. choose thc right fiiends 'tlrers

i
I
. resist peer pressure in decision making

I
. explain the importance of wisdom in decision making

I
I
)
__--/
il,,'.lirti lnsl. iF tli an ilgerlt*n f

Relationship managcmcnt is the cffort and qualities that are employed to cnsure that a
relationship is maintained in a good state. It is done ihrough ntany ways such as effective
communication, mutual respcct, trust. honesty, suppor-t. fairness, ecluality, compromisc
anct
tolerance.
"{{., :l:e tiri r sh il r}t is *;rU{: *lil lrt ii4.ti.{}5! r"q.l iLJil r rl s
Diffcrcnt rc'ligions havo differentrvays of nranagirrq rr:l;rtionslrips as cxplained below:

1
Ij
ilndigenous i ' Relationship management is basetl on respect
i . Family conflict is handled internally by the aunts and uncles

i
j
i
I' Elders in the society have authority to resolve conflicts

ii__ .1..
i
.
Relationship. iqs_u_gg b9 maqgggd byire
_ c3-g----'---:":-:-. chief
-- -- *._-__-'--
I
ChristianitY i
' Rclationship marlagement is based on love and respect
i--' =-
Judaism
-- --[' church:i49r:-P19ve-rglqil:1grss-Eelela[9!$ip-s9],flieq-*-
Relationship management is based oo r"rp""t unJ oU"Oi.,1r"
ill I
I
i
. The religion focus-gg,o1frlgnd-ship-r.:.in rnanaging relationships
i -- ---- -' ' t--'^
I
'.-.- - -:. ..:*::. ,-..--*--*
i
j
Istr* i ' Relarionship maragement b,scd o* respcct, love, patierice ancl
I
] understanding
' The religion advocates for peace which can also be userl as a way of
i
l.- -. -.- i, llflLsiLE.glel-oullp!
Tahle 1.2 Relationship rl(r,r.ss religiotrs
Cornmunication and social n,lrhmngeltlent
Communication is an important tool that allows people to understand each other. However,
sorne ways in which communication is done can negatively affect other people.
Therefore'
commulication should be done in ways that are considerate of other people.
Criticism handling
Criticism is the expression of disapproval, fault finding and commenting negatively towards a
person or a person's actions. Criticisrn handling involves rernaining calm, seeking clarity from
ihe other person, agreeing with any specific truth in the criticism aud calmly disagreeing with
statements that are not true. The skill of handling and dealing with criticism positively
requires
good self-esteem and assertiveness skills. The following are ways of handling criticism in a
maturc r,vay:
. Treating other people with respect and understanding'
' Accepting that no one is Perfect.
. Avoiding negative language and responding politely helps in many situations'
. Listening in a mature waY
. Keeping calm and responding in a polite way
. Honestly accepting the truth within criticism and aiming to improve
. Responding assertively by disageeing with negativity
. Avoiding taking criticism as a personal attack
. Focusing on facts within the criticism without being defensive
Anger management
Anger management is the process of reducing or cahning the effects of anger that a person
has. It is normal to get angry at limes bul one needs to control aud manage emotions that lead
to anger. The following are ways of managing anger:
. Evaluating anger by assessing the causes of the anger.
. Taking solne time offby walking away frorn the scene.
. Sharing emotiotls with fiiends or family'
. Getting help from professional counselling selvices.
. Avoiding holding a grudge with someone or something
. Expressing oneself assertively instead of anger
. Identi$ing the possible solutions that do not have anger
Building relation ships

Relationships are very important and should be built and maintained with strong factors. Such
factors include respect, sympathy and empathy.
Respect
Respect is a way of showing and having a positive feeling or action shown towards someone.
t)1 'r
( ../
It should be sht'rwn towards others atrd also towards oneself (self-respect).
Sell.-respect antl
respect fbr others is very irnportant in relationships because of the following:
. a sense of trust is built
. good relations are main[ained
. it teaches respect in others
. unity and hannony is promoted
. it reduces r:onflicts among people
. good behaviour is encouraged
. it makes people work together in harmony.
Sympathy
Syrnpathy is the act of showing compassion and tleep understan4ing
for someone. It involves
showing love and concem as well as being sorrowful towards
sorneone with the need and
desire to help' Att example of sympathy is when one cleeply
comforts someone who has lost
a Ioved onc.
Empathy
Enlpathy mealls putting oneself in someone's position. It involves
the ability to understand
and share tlte emotions that are being felt by another person.
It is a feeling that makes it
difficult to rul'n a blind eye to the suffering olothers. Empathy is a powerf.rl
fbrce that helps
to build and rttaintain relationships. It is different from sympathy in
that, sy,rpatly involvcs
understanding the sufI'ering of another person whilst ernpathy
involves understanding what
thc othcr pcrson is f'eeling.
{{,ri:sp{t ilsih le rtecision ffitaIiisrlI

Responsiblc decision rnarking is the ability to urako choioes
that are g'ocl fbr a person and
otlters as r'vell as being socially acceptable. In rnakir)g responsible
clecisions, one shoujcl
oonsiderthe consequences of the decision before it is rnade. In
addition, responsible decision
making requires wisdom and shoulcl avoid influence of friends
or peer pressrir-e.
Friends
Friends influeuce people iu matty ways. The lbllowing shoulcl
be considered when choosi'g
the right fi'iend:
' A fiiend should bc sonteone who brings out the best in a porson through
ellcouragement, motivation aud extenslon of a helping hald is good
a choice.
' Good fiiendship is built on mufual rospect, mutual trust and gnderstanding.
. Friends should heat otlters in the sanle way thoy would want
to be treated.
' someone with a thirst f.r knowledge and gnxvlh is icleal.
' A frieud should celebrate one's success and be there at all tirnes.
Peer pressure
Peer pressure is direct influence of people belonging to rhe
same societal group basecl on age,
gradc and status. Pecr pressure can be positive or negative. positive
p.Jl. pr.r*ure is whe-n
peer pressure is when oue
peers influence and encourage one to do good cleeds whilst negative
is encouraged to develop unacceptable behaviour'
Resisting negative Peer Pressure

Resisting negative peer pressure involves being assertive and not giving in
to any negati\/e
pressure:
influence from ons's peers. The following are some ways of resisting peer
' avoiding bad friends.
' choosing fi'iends carefullY'
. being able to make decisions independently'
. responding with positive peer influence'
' being assertive.
. walking away from uegative peer pressure'
Wisdortt
Wisdom is being able to practice sound judgement, experience and knowledge
in any given
negative
situatio,. It is very important to have wisdom because wise decisions prevent bad or
problems
situations from happening. For example, a decision not to take drugs prevents
and values of the
associatecl with drug ubuse. A wise person will not go against the morals
promotes good
society in order to please others. Therefore, wisdom upholds values and
behaviour.
Discus the
1. Research on how to praise each other using totems in groups of eight.
value of praising or thanking each other using totems'
2. printordrawthefamilytreediagrambelowandfillitinwithyourownfamilydetails'
()q \
I :.i
POP QrJrZ
complete this quiz section as tast as you can... tick tock!!l
I . State tlrree benefits of family interaction.
2. Give four ways of caring for the needy.
3. Statc any way of handling criticisrn.
4. Give two wa)/s of managing relations.
5. What is anger managernent?
6. State two ways of handling anger.
7. How does one show respect to others?
8. What is the difference betr.veen sympathy and ernpathy,/
I. State any two qualities of a good friends.
10. Givc three ways of resisting peer presslrre.
litilnnl: r'1'
' caring for the needy in the commu,ity is a moral practice,
' Factors that facilitate family dynarnics includc cleath and separation.
' Relationships are built ou respecr., syrnpathy and empathy.
. Negative peer pressure should be resisted at all times.
{
I
i
Adoption - taking carc of shildren and assuure parental roles.

Ancestors - people with r,vhorn one is descended or fore-e lclers.
Conflicts - rnisunderstandings in the farnilv or cornrnunity
j Empathy l
- a deep feeling of'understanding someone's siruation i
i i
jt Farnil_v dynamics - changes which takc place in family set ups !I
i t
I
!
Respect - to show good behaviour T
I
I
Srclion :\: ,llultipll' ,t {ru;r't' f l{l ,\lnrkll

l. Fanrily interactions are helpful in . rclationships.
A. reducing B. changing C. destroying D. maintaining
2. What can cause oonflicts in a funily'/
A. showing love B. showing respect
C. showing tolerance D. showing favouritisn:
i
3. All these are ways of caring for the needy except

n. clonating torn c,lothes
B. regular visits
C. assisting with sheltcr
D. providing health and counsetling seruices
4. Which is not an attribute of a good friend?
A. honestY B. empathy
C.
sharing D. trustless
5, What is anger managernent?
A. getting rid of anger
B. avoiding anger
C. controlling anger
D. maintaining anger
6. SympathY means
A. t'eeling joy towards someone
B. feeling pity and sonY for someone
C. feeling relieved
D. feeling sad towards someone
Deflne peer pressue.
A. Tellirrg others what to do
B. Inspiring others
C. Following other PeoPle
D. Influencing other PeoPle
Wrat is wisdom?
A. To have knowledge and ability to judge.
B. To be careful
C. To be aware of everything
D. Knowing everyone and everything
9" Self-respect involves respecting
A . only peoPle who resPect others
B. selfish peoPle
C. everyone
D. one's self
10. Which action shows self-respect'?
A. talking to others imPolitelY
B. greeting others
C. not showing aPPreciation
D. discouraging other PeoPle
Section I]: Structun d Qucstiotts.[15 Nlarksl
L What causes conflicts in a family. i2l
2. Narne thee groups of the people that can be in need. t3l
3. State two ways in which the Christians manage their relationship. t2)
4. Describe how people handle criticisrn in a mature way? 121
5. How do the Muslims handle their relationships? t2l

6. Give two ways of respecting other people. t2l
7. State the importance of wisdom in decision making? t21
. {)7-'r
l--' I
ltcligion
rHffi fnn
Z.l { ulre '1t{ ol'ltrilgiurr

a
iiry.. rlrrS {-rP.r-ry-.rryffie#/
OBJECTIVTIS
L,earners should be able to:
' list rvorltl rcligiorrs
i{,i.ligi rns r{' tht' x ur'!ri

Thcrc llllllly rcligions in tlrc rvor'ld cluc to thc dil]crcnt bclict! tSat people 6avc. Thc
i-ll'o
colllllloll rcligiorls ot'thc rvo|lcl irrcludc C'lrlistiarrity. .ludaisrp, lslarl. Ililtcluislr, [Juclclhispr
ittlcl tltc ltttligc:ntltts l'cligiorl. [:.ac:lr rclision ltas its orvn unicluc custgrps lncl hcliel'systerls.
\:i tel"it rrl gr{,{c}

Each religiott is cltaracteriscd by its urvtt belicl.s ancl doctrincs. Doctrinss ilrc thc sct of
gtriclclincs antl prillciplcs tlrat tlclinc a rcligion anrl slrould bc lbllowcd by tlrc rcligi6l's
fbllon'crs. Intligcrnotts religiort bclicvcs irr tlrc practicc of rituals. lt lrakcs usc. of rcligiclls
artclircts to cotttlltttlticatc with tlrcir gocls. Thr.rc is strong bclicl'irr God (Musikavhan,i
Urrkr,rlurtktllrr) arrcl othcr clivirritics (gocls). ltrdigcnous rcligion alss bclicvcs in spirits that arc
firund in tlrc spiritual r.vorld.
otlrcr rcligirlrrs ol'tlrc lvrlrlcl and thcir syrnbols arc shoivn irr tlrc tahlc bclow
Reljglqir sympq!
i
*9, teachi n gs or
-d-o_gltilg
C'lrrist iun itl J'hc cross i . tlcli*l'in orrc (ioci (Thc l-lt,ly Triniiy i,tilr. i.otri.i,
i Thc Son ancl Thc Iloly Spirit)
I . Lil.: alie r dcatlr
I
. Bclicl'in thc Brblc
. llclicl'in .lcsus ('hrist ns rhc Son o1'(iod rvho cliccl lbr
cr,ct'yonc's sins
.- '--' .'-1
Judaism The Star of l)avid . Belie,f i. G"d I
. "*
Godrcannot be divided into different beings
. Godrcreated the universe without helP
-A . Belie:f in the Torah
Istam
+#
The Star and a Belie,f i" -r" Go,l
Crescent I Belieef in Prophet Muharnmad as the messenger of
God
I Bclie f in the Quran
$
Ilinduism Aum Belieef irr the continuous cycle of life (reincarnation)
Belieef in the universal law of cause and effect (kanna)
a Belieef in the Vedas and other supplements.
Buddhism Dharmachakra t Beliief in the Tlt'ee Universal Tmths

Belirief in the Four Noble Truths
Belirief in the Noble Eightfold Path
#Dr
w
a
I
Belirief in reincarnation
Notbelief in a supreme God
x,F
Table 2.1 lVorld religions
i\.,-i) -.J\
,"ffi,-k )nrlus Religiiuror l
' dcscribc thc rites and rituals perfonned in lndigr:nous Rcligion

!
i
' state ways of conserying the natural flora and fauna in Indigenous Religion
The Indigenous re ligion is an ancestral religion of the native people in a particular area ancl has
no tbundcr. Thc religion is passed on from gencration to generation orally. It is characterised
by beliel.s, myths. symbols artd r:ituals. There is a general similarity in how people practice the
Indigenous religion with only a little variation in the objects they use and how they pcrform
their rittrals. Tlte religion is led by ancestors. Indigenous religion believes in oue Supreme
Being who is referred to with different names using thc different indigenous languages such
as Mutari, Musikavanhu, Nvctdengo or uMlimu. The followers of this religion have firm
ntonotlteistic faith that is, belief in one Suprcnrc Crcator. However, they also bclicvc in rnany
sllirits that communicate through spirit mediurns. Indigenous religion irientifies a day iri a
weck on which work is not performed. Indigenous religion makes use of many artcfacts such
a the one below:
Fig 2.1 Cla1, pot used to n-tore trutlitional beer
lq,rv tr ;tclr ngs

{ rirtcr'pf t'li{r. f'lcl" rlt.rrlir
Indigenous religion believes in lile alter death. The lbllowers believe that their lives are
controlled by the ancestral spirits (vadzimu/ amadlozi). When a person dies, it is believcd that
his or her spirit wanders about as a homeless spirit until rituals are done to bring back the spirit
into the horne refered to as kurova guva/ umbut,iso. The Ndau people call this ceremony doro
rekufa. The main purpose of bringing back the dead person's spirit is to protect the family ancl
is usually donc after a ycar. Pcople'*'ho dic without chiidren are excluded fionr this ritual.
Fig 2.2 People in uttenilunce of a hurova guvu/ unfiuyiso cere'flo"y
Cuod ilild llad spirits

conduct rites for the
There are good and bad spirits in the Indigenous religion, The religion
the dead by offering syrnbolic
dead in order to honour those with good spirits. They also honour
food and d.rinks to the ancestral ,pi.itr. spirlt mediums communicate
with the s1>irits orr behalf
Good spirits help
of the people. Hunting and healing spirits are regarded to as good spirits.
and protect the community and family'
aud avenging
Bad spirits cause harm to the living through witchcraft and use of revenging
disruption and ohaos
spirits known as lgozi or ingozi. Such bad spirits are believed to cause
illness, drought
in the family o..ol*o,rity.1n the Indigenous religion, spirits can also causo
can be fierce and
or failed crops as a warning against bad behaviour. In addition, bad spirits
revenge through unjust ways such as death'
Rites and rituals

events in one's
Rites and rituals are significant and sacred events that are done at significant
tife. They include events such as birth, marriage and death.
Birth
the birth of
The birth of a clild is regarded as a blessing in Indigenous religion. Before
process of giving
a child, the pregnant worian is given traditional herbs to aid her in the
and lives with her
birth. Towards the end of the pr.g1run.y, the woman leaves her husband
the pregnant
own parents in preparation of birthl When the tirle for giving birth approachss,
and midwives'
woman is accompaniecl into a delivery room by her mother, grandmother
and men are not allowed in
Selected elderiy midwives are responsible for delivering the baby
the house where delivery takes place.
When the child is bom, the midwife is the first to hold the baby. The umbilical chord of the
the baby with
baby is cut and the remaining part is tied with a string. The midwife washes
medicated water. The placentu ana umbilical cord are buried anywhere
in the homestead'
.' l{l
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"
If the birth is difficult' witchcraft may be regarded as the cause of prolonged labour. Atter
delivery of the child, a celebration ceremony follows where people bring different gifts
such
a livestock, money or grains to celebrate the birth of the babv.
l-tr I
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ll'r:
Fig 2.3 People car4,itrg presentsfor a new babjt
Marriage rites
Marriage in Indigenous religion is a colnmon prac[ice that ulites lamilies. Howevet
mau-riage
between close relatives and people of the same totern is not allowed. Therc are many rnarriagc
practices in Indigenous religion. The common one is when couples clate privately
and orJy
notify their parents of their relationship whcn they arc rcady to get grarried and rnarriage
negotiatious betweetr the two f'amilies begin. Respect tbr the in-laws and the observance
of
distance between in-laws is itnportant during and after nrarriage cererllony. Whcn ncgotiations
are complete and the bride price (roora or lotrola) has heen pairi the marial6 woman
trecome
a maried couple.
Death and burial

Tl.re rites and
rituals performed when one dies are irnportant in Ind.igenous religion. Soon after
the dcath of a person, thc body is covured in cloth and placerl on a platfr:rm by thc fricnd
of
the deceased. A large blanket is hung vertically to cover the plattbrm where the
dead body is
placed' Mouming then begins and people from the community attend the funeral. Continuous
mourning is not allowed because there is a belief that it can interfere with the spirit of the
deceased fiom going where it is supposed to go.
Durirlg the funeral, mounters sing traditional songs and play drums throughout the light
in a bid to console the bereaved farnily as well as bidding farewell to the deceased. In the
early lrours of the day of burial, relatives choose a burial site for their deceased and people
begin to dig the grave in preparation of the burial process. It is the duty of thc sons-in-law
(vakuwasha or abakweuyana) to slaughter beasts that will provide
meals iuring the fu,eral as
the daughtcrs-in-law (varoora or omaluk azana\ do thc cooking.
Before burial, the relatives bath and dress the corpse and the body is carried
around the
house. This ritual is done to allow the deceased to bid farewell to his. or
her home' Some
ethnic groups remove a deceased from the house through a hole on the wall
with the belief
of prev-enting him or her from remembering the way back to the living, as the hole
in the
wall is immediately closed. When the burial process begins, the body is placed on the bier
(a movable fralre in which a coffin or a corpse is placed before burial or cremation
or on
by
which they are carried to the grave) or in a coffir by the rituat friend who can be assisted
grave to receive the
chosen relatives. During the burial process, a family friend gets into the
take place
body and carefully place the body in the grave. Traditionally, the funeral should
early in the morning loftrn before sunrise) and not late in the afternoon, as it is believed
purposes'
that witches move around in the evenings looking for corpses to use for their evil
Mo*rning continues at the grave site as the burial process continues. Relatives are given a
chance to throw some lumpi of soil into the grave before it is fllled in a
bid to allow them
to accept that their relative has passed on. After the burial process, people disperse to their
homes whilst close relatives remain behind.
Indigenous religion and the 'lnvironment

Indigenous religion pays much respect for nature as it believes that people are one with
nature.
Both animals and vegelation are used for rituals in indigenous religion. Therefore, the
religion
aims at preserving and conservrngthefauna andflora'
Ways of conserYing the envit'otrmcnt

'the i,digenous religion aims at conserving the natural resources in the etrvironment in mauy
used for
ways. The flora (vegetation) and fauna (anirnals) are considered sacred and are also
,nuny processes in tt e religion. The following are some of the ways in which indigenous
religion conserves the environment:
FIora
Fig 2.5 Naturil Jlort
(.r-{i\
The religion cottsiders some of the trees such as Muhacha.
Muonde ancl Mukute to be sacre<J
and prohibit thenr fiom being cut down. Traditional leaders also
impose fines and penalties
ftrr people who is regard sacred trees. Plants also provide medicines
a,d some are used for
spiritual rirual and hence are guarded by the religion.
I"it,una
Fig 2.6 Naturil Jauna
lndigenous religion views aninrals as totems and are kept safe and protected
frorn being
hurtted carelesslv as they calt cause bacl omens. Some intligenous religions
worship animals af
sylnbols of spiritual beings. In acldition, Indigenous religion
the use of systems that
presen/e soil and reduce erosiotl. Cattle grazing is managed"nror.ug.
in orcler to re4uce soil erosion.
Water sonseruation is an essential way of safo kceping the environntent.
Water bodics arc
corrsiclered sacred as they ate believed to be horne to some spirits.
#r- fi-I -*--l
irrir i;riri{r
\
k -'-'.j ffiffiaa
OBJECTIVES
' deduce meanings fi'om parables
. dcscribe how Jesus Christ was crucified
. state how Jesus Christ was buried
. explain Jesus Christ's resunection
a
identi8z key Christian teachings in Christianiry
a
identify and the rites and rituals in Chr.istianity
a
explain the rites and rituals in Christianitl,
Jesus Christ's life and minir trY
Jesus christ was born in Bethlehem but grew up with
his parents in Nazareth. At the age of
the Festivat of the Passoyer in
twelve, his parents coulct not find hirn when they had gone for
Jerusalern. He had rernained behind with Jewish teachers
of the law in a temple in Jerusalem
baptised by John the Baptist
where he was questioning them on their teachings. Jesus was
that included
in the river Jordan. To tretp t,l* with his ministry Jesus chose rwelve disciples
James, John, Peter, Andrew, Judas Iscariot, Bafihotomew,
Matthew, Thornas' Mathias' Simon'
using stories that are known
Jude and James. Jesus christ matle use of preaching and taught
as parables in his ministry. He also performed
many miracles in his minisuy such as turning
*ut., into witre, healing the sick, raising the dead and healing the disabled'
l'arablcs
by Jesus when he was
A parable is an earthly story with a heavenly meaning that were used
many parables during
ministering. parables provided moral and spiritual lessons. Jesus told
his time that include the following examples:
StewardshtP (Luke t9t 12'26)

he left, he gave
This parable talks about a lnan who journeyed to a faraway land. Before
gathered his servauts and asked
talents to each of his 10 servants. When the man returned, he
he was given to generate
what they had done with the talents. The first one had used the talent
10 more talents. The man was impressed and gave him 10 more
talents' The second servant
rnan was pleasetl and gave the
had made 5 more talents from the one he was given. Again, the
and only had the one talent
second servant 5 more talents. The third servant had done nothing
he had been given. He saidhe knew the man was greedy and
would take the talents if they had
was disappointed
multiplied. Therefore, he had stored the talent instead of using it. The man
from the third servant
by this and did not reward the third seruant. Instead, he took ths talent
and gave it to thc one who had rnade 10 more talents'
and expected to make
This parable shows the aspect of being left in charge of impofiant things
good use of them. The parable teaches the following;
. Making use of the talents given by God
' Being faithful and trustworthY
' Being an accountable Person
' To work hard and Yield mors
Two debtors (Luke 7: 41 - 50)

a debt of 500
This is the parable of two debtors who owed a moneylender money' One had
he cancelled
whist another had a debt of 50. When they could not pay back the rnoneylender,
the most
off all their debts. Jesus asked which of the trvo debtors would love the moneylender
agrecd' As such,
and Sirnon responded saying the one who had the largest debt and Jesus
Jesus pointed out that those with more sins are forgiven for
they love more but the ones who
are fbrgiven less also loves less'
The parabto teaches the following:
. To truly forgive without choosing
' To love each other more
i
1
I
-.
{,li
. To show appreciation
. To be kind and generous
.ir:sus,--hrr,s['s deat]r., ltru'iai i!nri resurrcetion

The Crucifixion of Jesus (Luke 23 vs l-25)
Jesus Christ was betrayed by one of his clisciples called Judas Iscariot.
He was sent for trial
before Pontius Pilate who sent him to King Herod who in tum returnecl
him back to hirn.
After the trial, Pontius Pilate realised that Jesus Christ was innocent. He then asked
his people
whonr they wanted to be releasecl between Jesus Clu'ist and a murderer called
Barabbas.
The Jews called fbr the release of the notorious criminal ancl Jesus
Christ was sentenced to
sntci{ixion. His clothes were torn and he was nrade to wear a scarlet robe in mockery
of being
a king together with a crolvn of thor.ns on his head.
Simon of Cyrene helped in canying Jesus Christ's cross to a place called

Golgotha whsre he
wascrucifiecl. Two thievers were oluoificd alongsicfu: u,ith hirn on c,ither side. A sign
saying
" KING OF THE JEWS." was put at the top of his cross. A spear was driven into his
sije to
sonfirm his death on the cross. Hc was removed from the cross as according to customs,
ng
one was to be left hanging on the cross on the Sabbath day. It is
believed in Cluistianity that
when Jesus died, there was an earthquake anrl complete darkness from
the sixth to the ninth
hour.
tr|"
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Fig 2.7 CruciJixion of ,Iesus Christ
His burial (Luke 24 vs 50-56)

After Jesus had died, a man calted Joseph of Arimatheus asked king Her.d's permission to
remove Jesus' body fi'om tlre cross for burial. He tvas wrappecl in cloth as pcr
the Jervish
customs and placed inside a tomb. A large rock was placed to cover the entrance of the
tor-nb.
i ,;,
His resurrection (Luke 24 vs l-27, Mark 16 vs 1-5)
Jesus Christ rose from the dead on.the third day after
his death. Maty Magdalene, Salome
that Jesus had resurrected' They
and Mary the mottrer of James were the first people to notice
had visited the tomb and saw the rock that covered it missing.
when they entered, an angel
to his disciples as they were
appeared and tolcl them that Jesus had resurrected. He appeared
also appeared to two
fishing and when they were gathered in a room and dined with them. He
men who were travelling to Emmaus'
Key teachings in ChristianitY

of Jesus Christ' It has
Christianity is a religion that has its foundations in the tife and teachings
many teachings such as the ones explained below:
Judgement
one does will then determine
Christians believe in life after death. The ways and deeds that
will judge. each
if he or she will go to heaven or hell after death. christians believe that God
saints will enter
spirit on rhe day of judgement. Sinners will be thrown into hell whilst the
heaven.
Eternal life
physical body returns to dust
Eternal life refers to continuecl life after death. This is when the
either in heaven or
whilst the soul lives forever. The soul continues to live forever after death
and follow Jesus Cluist'
hell. Eternal life is considered a gift that is given to those who believe
Rites and rituals

an individual' such
christianity as a religion is marked with significant events in the life of
events are performed or celebrater] througlr ce."nlonies called
riruals ot' ritcs' Rites are formal
forms. which are rites of
or ceremonial procedures presctibed in religion. They come in three
rites inolude burial,
passage, communal rites and rites of personal devotion. Such rituals and
holy matrimony, prayer and baptism.
Rites of passilges
Burial
be buried for it
Christianity believes that the body came from the dust and therefore should
pray for the deceased's
to return to dust. A church service is held for the deceased in order to
soul so that it is forgiven of sins and travels safely to God. After the church
selice' the body
is then buried in a grave.
Holy MatrimonY
marriage vows and rings
This is a religious marriage ceremony that involves the exchange of
joined in Holy Matrimony
by two p.op1.. In Christianity, it is believed that when two are
believe that no one
they becorne one. Holy matrimony is blessed by God therefore, Christians
maniages (only
should separate what God has joinecl. Christianity believes in monogamous
one rnarital partner).
;1-i !t7 \
H tuirir
Prayer
Prayer is a religious practice in which Christians communicate
with God. It can be performecl
individually or at gatherings. It can be done silently or spoken out
loudly. The Lord,s prayer
is a common prayer that is shared with all Christians.
Baptism
Baptisfir is an initiation ceretnony into Christianity as one is
baptised in the Holy Trinity. It
is believed to be the first ritual that any christian should go through.
It involves accepting the
principles and beljefs of Christianity. Baptism is dr.:ne
by water. Baptisrn signifies acceptanoc
and cleansing of the soul as one becomes a Christian.
One can get baptised at any stage of lif'e
from infancy to adulthood.
I ru't'is tt
! crliorr \l 1,lr lriple {'huict Illl nrlr.l*i
l. which of the religions below is not part of the major worrd religions?
A. Judaism B. Hinduism c. Buddhism D. Monorheism
2' Which of the following trees is consitlered sacred in the indigenous religion?
A. Mutohwe B. Muhacha c. Fruit trees D. Gum trees
3' Which ritual brings back the spirit of the dead back in the family in Ildigenous
Religion?
A. kuganha B. ku:ova guva or urnbuyiso
C. Kukumbira D. (kuviga) burial
4. In Indigenous mamage practice, a rnan pays _ to his in-laws.
A' kugzurha B. musengabere c. kukumbira D. bricre price
5. What is flora and tauna in the environnrenr,/
A.. plants and animals
B. birds and flowers
C. wild animals and wild plants
D. planted food and fish
6. What is the meaning of the concept life after cleath in Indigenous Religi
on?
A. There is continued life after a person dies.
B. People living rwo lives
C. There is life then deatlr
D. Death is new life.
l. What is the meaning of the word stewardship?
A. canying out duties
B. controlling other people's possessions
C. taking care of possessions of others
D. caring for others
8. Christians believe in the day of
A. punishment B. judgement C. crucifixion D. death
which is
9. The Picture below is showing a familY
B.
t'' lng hands C' PraYing
holding D. thinking
A. sleePmg
sleeping uurur,ts
with
1 0. The ritual shown in
question 9 is a way in which Christians communicate
A. ancestors B. God
C. other PeoPle D. priest and Pastors

Scttion B: Structttrttl Qucstions ll5 nrnrl sl
t2l
1. What is a Parabte?
2. Define the followin! terrns;
a) religion 12)
b) resurrection t3l
3. Siate any three religions of the world' t2l
4. Identify any two rites or rituals in Islam' t2l
5. Who assisted Jesus to cany the cross? tll
6. On what day did Jesus Christ resurrect? t3l
i. Identiff any three lessons from the parable of the debtors
Judaism
*\,
OBJECTIVES I
Learners should be able to: I
, state the Ten Commandments

. explain monotheism in Judaisrn
I
. identify the rites and rituals in Judaism

1
. keep communities free from pollution'

state measufes taken by. the Jews to 1
. outline the history of Judaism in Zimbabwe

I
. in Zimbabwe
1
describe the Jewish practices of worship
Key teachings
by a strong belief in one God' It is a
Judaism is a JeWish religion that is characterised prophets'
God reveared Hirnself to the ancient
monotheistic religion. It arso focuses on how
The rerigion is also seen to rrave strongfaith
with a rich heritage of law. culture and traditions'
i\.,'!{ti \
'.J
It is guided by the Torah which cousists of the first five trooks of
the Thnakh (also known as
the Five Books of Moses) in the Hebrew Bible. The Torah
consists of the laws given to Moses
at Mount Sinai called the Ten Commanclments.
The Ten Commandments, as written in the Torah, are:

l. Worship no other God.
2. Do not rnake imagcs to worship.
3. Do not misuse the name of 6od.
4. Observe the Sabbatlr Day and keep it Holy.
5. Honour and respect your father ancl mother.
6. Do not rnurder.
7. Do not commit adultely.
8. f)o not steal.
9. Do not accuse anyone falsely. Do not tell ties about other people.
10. Do not enly other people's possessiclns.
11, il!{ttltL. iilt

Morrotheism is the belief in the existence of only one God who
has always existed and who
is rcsponsible for the creation of cverything and everyone. Judaism
believcs in thc oncnoss
of God who revealed himself to prophets such as Abraharn and Moses.
Jews believe that God
is unique, knows everything and that all praycrs should be
directed towards him. The Jews
describe the characteristics of God as a God who is everywhere, powerful
and loving.
,ii' r irlr lrr lirlrrr:
Passover feast ! A festival to cclcbratc ttrelr aeiiverarr". r.orn rrurS,.y:l_4gry;""_

Feast of rabernacre
iM.lk: the begrn.,r;;;:,,;.;;ir;fi;; r*;;;.,r tnkes prace
i mid-September to mid-october. The Jewish religious calendar is
on the plrases of tlre nroon. No work is involved during tlris
ji P"::9
i
holiday.
i'""i rirnui tory I ii.;;;* l"*."
i
"i-
Atonetnent)
soo' atrcr l{osh Hoshr,rulr b*i,,g ,r,i. r.riir"l, ,rr. j
i*::::l:,,1.]1,or,*o.k,iio* *o,ring.toivenirs d;;;s;;

j f-estival. It is the holiest day of the year in Judaism ancl iJsp'ent i1 i
Iti
i --
f ---*- ---.-i-"' '--D"!-.----.t pravilt[.
i synag0gues
.'-J,'.:*q'-.
.
i Hanukkah (holiday of lights) ,J tt,is

rL ro o wrr.uu tut".
holiday which
a rrvrrUcJ .igr.t oays
rar(ss Elgnl *o elght
Juyr ano .ffirrigrrts
lllghts gsually
usuall
place in Novernber or Decernber. It is char.uct"rised by
i P\":
ilighting of candles.
Table 2.5 Jewish Holitlays
l{rir*s in{l'ituals
Circumcision
This is an important irritiation rite for Jewish rrelv-bor, babies. It is
basecl on Abraham,s
covenant with God and it signifies the inclusion of tlrc ,rales in
Jewish faith. Jews believe
that the soul of an uncircumcisecl nran will perish with his bocly ancl
will not expedence
ceremony calred Lhe B.it ntilsh and is witnessed
resuffection. circumcision takes ptace i, a
is perfonned by a Mohel and is done 8
by farnily and community membirs, The csremony mother
the child is brought into the room by the
days after the child is born. Traditionally,
and other fernale farnily mernber. In the
iircurncisio,,'oo*, u* emply chair is placed for the
prophet Elijah who is believed to be present
to oversee the rite. Thi end of the rite is marked
Hebrew name'
Ly i..itirrg of blessittgs and giving the child a
Burial
as possible soon after someone dies
In Judaism, burial is a r.itual that is donc as quickly
bodyto decompose quickly and hence
within twenry-four hours. This is done to allow the from a cornmunity
cleansed by volunteers
no embalming is done. The body is only ritually
i,volves conducting of a burial ceremony
organisation which they call Chevr.a kadistra.Burial a tribute'
service is marked with prayers, psalms and
that is done at the burial site. The funeral
equality. Mourning in J_udaism is extensive
Burial in Judaism is done in a simpte coffin to show
for the dead and cornforting of those who are left'
and has several plrrposes. It shorvs respect
It is observed for 30 days after burial'
Judaisnl amd the etlvil'onmellt

the environment by God to look after it and
to control
Jews believe that humans were given ensurtng that the
it. Therefore, it is Jewish berief trrat humans shourd act responsibry in
have to work within creation and look after
it'
environment is not treaterl baclry. Thus, humans
the sabbatical yesr.According to their beliet-s,
one of the ways in which Jews heal the land is ingredients
be allowed to lie fallow, so that the natural
after every seven years, the land should
be expected in the future. The Jews believe
in the so1 can be repraced and better hawests can
that God gives matl control of the environment'
Judaism antl Pollution

worrd that God creared and should be
The Jews berieve trrat po[ution is an insult to trre
of substances which has harmful or
controlred. pollutio, is ttre presenie or introduction
pollution is imporlant in Jewish laws'
poisonous effects to the snvironment. controlling
Judaism places great emphasis o, good care
of theii environme,t. The Jews believe that it
is the duty of purnanity to be the stlwards of
the environment' Jewistr laws forbid pollution'
Smoke, sewage odou.s ancl dust read to
pollution and legal action is taken to anyoue who
is also prohibited. The Torah orders thc
pollutes the environment. Littering i* putlic areas a ring
berts are a planning tool that helps maintain
creation of green belts around cities. Green
of productive rural landscape around a city'
,Iudaism in Zimhabwe
and sonle ea*e from German. They built a
The flrst Jewish cornmunity came fro* Russia
comrnunity was estabrished in Harare in 1895'
synagogue in Bulawayo inisq+. The second
Ttre srnaller cities of Kadoma and
In 1g01, the third congregation was establistred in Gweru.
Jewish population increased a
Kwekwe are alscl homes to Jewish communities. Zimbabwe's
community buiit two schools in Zimbabwe,
few years after the Second worrd war. The Jewisrr
one in Harare ancl another one in Bulawayo.
In Zirnbabwe Jewish worshipping is centralised
i llt \
i-)
on prayers' These prayers are often instructions and commentary.
They are three ,rayers
daily and more on the Sabbath and Jewish holidays. while
single pmyer sessions are valid.
attending synagogue to pray is ctlnsiclered ideal. Pioper
concentratign is corsiclered essential
for prayer' In tnost synagogues or temples, it is considered
a sign of respect for all rnale
attendees to wear a head covering- women may be
required to welr long sleeves, Iong skirts
or dresses and cover their hair.
rFT il;
i OBJECTTVES
to:
Iilarn
n Islam
the nahu'al resources by Muslitr
Islamic religion in Zirnbabwe
$* *.1, tr itcll, ngs

The Islarnic |eligion is a monotheistic rcligion vrhich believes
that there is only one God
whom tlrey callAliah' Their holy book is the
Quran which teaches abour the finaljudgment
with thc righteous being rew-arcled and the unrighteous punishecl.
Muslirns pray ro Allah five
tinles a day facing thehoiy ciLy of Mecca. Nrluilirrrs considerMBoc*.
Medira and Jerusalenr
as their three holiest places. The religion recognises
the fbllowing f'estivals:
lrsr r'tls
ls rnnrit
a '=- -^'---"--- t".--- '
iFestival
iili:,ift',,;iF",,;iil;o;l.ruT,*Ig;ff.}.;,1-I;1,i,,or*r,iJi,,i;i;,;#]
i'
i I pilgrimage to Mecca. It is considered one of the rrort tr*or,
i-*- .- i l'estivals. I
Islamic
j Ramada* - I-. i,*" i., ta;;G-
I
ili
j,:, Nintl.r nlonth of the Islamic calendar
Lailat al Miraj (Muhamn.rad'sl' The day ir fb;
;".";Ji"g i;r"rn;;
ascension to hiaven)
I urno,ruuatl to the""r"bruunglh; "itrr;
Jannah (heaven), helped by two angels. T5e
Mou,du,_mû i. illi;1Ti"#:'ffiHjtiffi#:ffiHi**#;
1..
I
!
I
l
j
ot Rabbi.
I I
i:
i
!q !s 99lebrqted in Mo-!qye- y:t[gLftlpp_gqls_$4 p-rocessions.
Table 2.6 Isloruic festivals
Key teachings in Islatm
Llnitlueness ol Allah
Muslims believe that there is only one God they refer to as Allah. They believe that Allah
created everything in six days. Muslims believe that Allah is powerful, infinite and undefined
physically.They view him as the one and only one, who is unlirnited and knows everything.
Allah is considered the first, the last, gracious, great, self-conscious and nothing can be
matched to him.
,\ngels
The Islam religion believes that angels are real and are referred to as Malaikah.Malaikah are
regarded as pure and cannot sin. They are obedient creatures who worship Allah and carry out
his cornmands at all times. Muslirns believe that Malaikah were created before human beings.
They believe that Muhammad received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel. Angels
are fundamentalto Islam and the Quran mentions names of some angels such as Gabriel and
Michael. There is a belief that Muhammad met several angels during his journey to heaven.
Angels communicate revelation from Allah and records every person's actions.
Pnlplrcts
Muslims believe that prophets are humans that were chosen by Allah in the past to convey His
lnessage, warnings, glad tidings and teachings. Prophets were instructed by Allah to bring His
will to the people of the nations. However, eveu though they believe in prophets, the Muslims
acknowledge that prophets are human beings and are not divine even though they were able
to perform miracles. The Quran speaks of prophets such as Abraham, Moses, David and Jesus
Christ. According to the Muslims, the prophet Muhamrnad was the last messenger of Allah to
the whole world.
liar ol'judgcrrrtrrt
Yawn'ad-Din is the day of judgement according to the Islamic religion. On the day of
judgement, they believe thatAllah will decide on how people will spend their life after death.
This judgement will be determined by the choices made in life as Allah gives everyoue the
right to choose their destiny. Muslims believe that people are responsible fbr their deeds. On
the day ofjudgement, the Muslims believe thatAllah will resurrect the dead from their graves
and give thern booklets about their life. The booklets will be read in the presence of other
people. The good people will go to heaven whilst the bad are sent to hell.
Rites amd rituals

In [slamic religion any changes in life are marked by rites of passage and rituals such as
circumcision and burial.
Burial
In Islam Religion, as soon as one dies, the body is washed three times by relatives of the same
gender. This is done based on the belief that no one was born with anything and hence when
one dies, they should go without anything. After being cleaned, the body is wrapped in a white
cloth. It is then taken to an outdoor location which bears a rlosque. Prayers are then offered for
;'ll3 i
,]
the deceased to be forgiven and that they may find peace and happiness irr the after-life world
to come. Burial is usually carried ont in twenty tbur hours after death. The body is buried with
three mounds of soil on the head, the chin and the shoulder with the head lacing towards their
holy city of Mecca. Muslims are not buried in coffins but directly into the ground.
Circumcision
In Islam, circumcision is known as Tohara,meaning purification or cleanliness. Circurncision
is a highly recommended rite of passage in Islam religion. The religion has no flxed age
fbr circurncision. The age at which it is perfonned varies depending on farnily, region and
country. The preferred age is often seven although sorne Muslims are circumcised as early
as the seventlt day after birth and as late as pubcrty. Thc wisdonr of pcrfonrring circurncision
is highlightecl in the Quran which states that circumcision is a symbol of Islam that shows
obedience to thc law of the Lord. According to Muslinrs, tho prophet Abrahanr was the first
persorl to perform circumcision.
Marriage in lslam
Marriage in Islam should be between male and lemale who are not closely related to each
other. Muslim parents lnay an'ange a suitable marriage parlner fbr their child. Marriage
celebrations lor Muslims are traditionally perlormed at the bride's home. The ceremony is
led by a respected membcr of the Muslim community. The bride and groom accept present
fiom each other. The groom has to declare a Mahr (a dowry), showing his respect for the
bride which can include anything she has asked for such as nloney, clothes or even a house.
Some Muslim couples take vows. They sign a marriage contract about what they expect from
the rnarriage and what the rights of cach partncr will be. Those witnessing the man'iage may
be asked to pray for the couple. Howeveq polygamy is allowed in Islam and a husbancl may
have up to four wives provided all thc wives arc treated equally.
tr!.i ilti;i{ti itty l: ii!i;rtirr: r,,
Environment protection is an important aspect in lslam. The religion cmphasizcs on

cottservation andpreservatiort ofthe environment and its natural resources. Prophet Muhammad
encouraged the planting of trees and cultivation which are considered as good acts. Cutting
dowu or destruction of plants and trees unnecessarily is not allowed. Islanr forbids wasting
of resources and destroying the environtnent. According to the Muslints, water is a basic
element of lit-e and should be used sparingly as people, plants and animals cannot live without
it. Islanr approaches the environmcnl t}om a stoward perspective, which is nranaging and
controlling of all the natural resources. The Quran also helps by teaching the conservative use
of tlrc resources and prohibitirrg excessive utiiisation of resources. In addition, the Muslims
believe that the abuse of natural resources hanns the balance of the environment.
ivl rlrr lrr itrtl,:r ,tr r'
Thc arrival of Islau in Zirnbabwo datcs lrack a long tirlc ago when the Muslitns establishcd
land on tlre coast of Afiica. A signilicant number ot'Muslims entered the country fi'om India
and Malawi during the oolonial era. Very f-ew people in Zimbabwe joined thc Islanric re ligion
as it constituted about 1% of ihe country's population. The Islarnic community in Zirnbabwe
comprises of people fi'om Malawi. Zambia and India who settled in Zimbabwe. It has a strong
presence in Mberengwa areas whet'e the Varemba people were the earliest groups to embrace
the religion. There are mosques located in most rarge
[owns and cities of Zimbabwe with
Harare having the biggest numbers. The largest mosque
is in Ridgeview and has 4 holdittg
capacity of 2 000 p",lp'f.. The Zimbabwe Islamic Mission
(ZIM) is located in Kwekwe and
(Harare).
the religion's training centre is in waterfalls
nearby
1. Conduct an educatlonal tour to an lslamic and Jewish community church
and carry out a research on the history of these religions'
2. Watch a PowerPoint presentation or a video on YouTube on a Muslim burial
procession.
3. Dramatise how a child is baptised in various christian denominations'
Word Search
Make use of the word list below to fincl the hidden words relating to Islam and 'Iudaisln'
L B o T E R w C V B N J K C Y
A C D E N v I R o N M E N T G
R o S J U D A I S M I K T E S
U M B K L H V D K U I A B G A
S M C I R C U M L I S I o N Y
Z A K T L U D s E L Y A S A L
C N D o P G F K L I S L A M T
F D F R H F M C o M a I T L S
E M Y A D V J E w S G M B E Y
U E B H M o N o T H E, I S M E
I N U N I a U E N E S S K Z T
L T C G H J L U R S K R E A v
A S Y U K E R o U H J E Z w T
Surnmary
. Ildigenous religion is one of the religions which believes in life after death'
. Birth, marriage and burial are important in rites and rituals.
. Judaism is a monotheistic religion.
.AngelsandprophetsplayanimportantroletoMuslims.
Conserving - preventing the wasteful or oventse of resources

Crucifixion - method of punishment in which a person is nailed on a
large wooden cross.
Monotheism - belief in one God
( !rs')
Sce tiolr ,,\: \lulfipl<, {'lrtict. ! l{} }larksf
l.Who received the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai?
A. Mohamed B.
Jesus C. Moses D. Allah
2. The duties of'angels in the Islamic religion include
A. worshipping with per:ple
B. bringing food to the people.
C. comnrunicatitrg revelations
D. discussing judgement day with people
1 The following are rites and riruals except
A. burial B. citcnnrcision C. mamiagc D. wcdding
4. Wirat is the nreaning of conserving natural rcstturces',)
A. sat'e keeping of resources B. wasting resollrces
C. giving away resources D. sharing resources
5. Whiclr religion uses the syrnbol below,/
A. religion
Indigenous B. Judaisrn
Christianity
C. D. Islanr
6. Tlre -----_-- consists of irnportant scripts for Judaisrn.
A. Holy Bible B. book C. .forah f). Quran
Thc cnvironrnent can be polluted by
A. good odour ts. smoke C. animals D. sand
8. Burial is pcrformcd rvithin hours in Judaisnr.
A. 36 21B. c. 72 D. 48
9. Uniqueness of Allah means God.
A.
dcfincd B. lirnited C. only one D. mally
I 0. What is the nreaning of pollution?
A. clean surroundings
B. harmful substances in the environnrent
C. conseruation
D. wasting of resources
s&,, ''l ltt\ ti: h{ rit {'t t,${t r} ut i,3,l"t{}1\5 !!5lttrilr.ksl
State any two environmental teachings by Islam.
L2)
What is rnonotheisur'/
Muslims believe that Muhammad got his flr'st revelation fiom which angel
tll
Why is circun-rcision important in Islarn? trl
Give three ways in which the envirorunent is conserved by the
l2l
Muslims. t3l
List any three commandmcnm ar:c.rding to Juciaisnr.
How many times do the Jews pray per day,/ t3l
which counl_nes dld rhe first Jews who settled in Zimbabwe corne from? trl
12)
Mc,rals nnd Valut's 'til
tl.l
Concept N{ornls
OBJECTIVES
. state the beneflts of goocl ttrorlls
l{,ight antl }vrong

people are characterised by nrorals which are stanclards of behaviour and the guiding
individuals that cnablc
principles of right o, *ro,',[. Morals provitlc a codc of concluct of
peopte to live irr harrrrony-in societies. Such nrorats reflect an
individual's chnracter ancl
thc individual
behaviour. Being ablc to sliow good nrorals (hunhu, ubuntu or vumLlntu) bencfit
zrnd tlte cotnmttnitl'at largc,
I3e nrfits of gootl rtrttt'itls

morals include grccting
Being a person with good nrorals is importarrt in a society. Good
and being generous' kirtdtress'
elders, telling the trutli bcirrg politc, rcspecting self and others
beneficial to oncsclf as
rrumility, coLlrage and compassion. Theiefbre, such good rrrorals are
well as to others. T[c follolving arc solrlc of tlre bencfits of lravipg good tnorals:
. It builds good cftaractcr such as kindncss, hLrmility and courage
. It forms the core of arl individual's mor:tl beliefs
'.
Morals build and dev.clop trust at hotrre, school and in the commutrity
a They develop good character such as kindness, hunrility and courage
. Enables onc to know what is right and rvhat is wrong
. They create a sense of compassion
. They develop the spirit of unity and oneness within the cornmunity
. It helps to boost self--confidence
!lj '\
('=Jlgl s and Rcsponsibilities \
OBJECTIVES
. state rights a,d responsibilities ar. commu,ity level

' identily ways of treating others fairly at corr,runity level
. identify the internartional conventions
. discuss the irnportance of the conventions
ilt iglrt fr ir :lolrg [o it i-r,ligilrn

Rights are the freedorns that people are entitled tti and are protected
by the laws. Therefclre,
an individual should have the right to be free to choose a religion
of choice that is suitable
ftrr thc individual. Howcvor, thc right to rcligion shoultl howevcr
be ussd wit6 resp'nsibility.
8d rligir I *r* I r"iglris
The hurnan rights act states that a person has the right and freedorn
to belong to a religion o1.
choice' Religion is a belief system with doctrines and principies
that can guicle ancl sSale o,e
into an acceptable individual in the society. It is also ihe right of parents
to nurture children
or family in a religion choice. However, children are fiee to make religiogs c6oices of'their
'cf
or'vrt lt'[tctt tltcy aru o1'agc' It is intportant fbr peuplc to Lrclung
to rcligi,,s. Tirc following arc
reasons why a, individual ,eeds to belong to a religio,;
. It gives a sense of identity
. It gives confidence knowing about the supernatural
. Fellowship with others is promoted
' A, emotional attachment to the religious group is created
. It gives one a sense of belonging
. [t promotes good morals and etl-rics
. A good and acceptable character is built
*{ix-*r* *rr i rE:str}{rrrsilli{itier irr t;ritr-lrt.r$

Human being are entitled to human rights that enable them to live freely
witho*t bei,g
violated' However, with each and every right conres a nratching responsibility
that individuals
should adhere to- Such responsibilities ensure that one cloes not misuse
his or her rights.
i"i Siiii lruil'iJ:if,i*f,!sfrliilil,ri.:, ;xi r,;ir ilati;ru;i i 3+..1,".1
A conrntttttitv^ is a group of people with ciifferent characteristics who are linkecl

by social ties,
: , !:
location. The following
common views and engage in joint action in a given geographical
table illustrate the rights and responsibilities of a comrnunity:
munity resp onsibilities
Right to set its own agenda, constitution and I

i: P.*id.;;f.its members
".d
,."*. *iio,,.*nt r*
Facilitate the development of valued roles
instinrtions I'
the and relationships tbr the community and its
Right to participate within wider I
members
community I
Ensure that the community communicates
Right to access skills and resources withirr the | '
with its members
wider cotrttnunitY I
within the wider ' Ensure the cotmnunity does not disadvanta ge
Right to support its members
| other commutrities or their tnetnbers
communiry
Responsible use atrd share skills and
|
Right to protect its members from influences l'

members. resoufces to the advantage of its tnembers
that disadvantage its I
destiny' ' Engage with other communities in' an

Right to detertnine its own I
I interdependent relationshiP
I
Table 3.1 Communi$r rlghts and responslbilllles
\Ya3rs of trea[ing othe t'sl l"irit'lv in tltt: corttlnunity

praotised in the
Leaders in any community should help to rnake sure that fairness is being
for an individual to
cornmuniry. In addition to having..rpon.ibilities, it is equally important
treat others properly in the community. The following are ways in
which one can treat others
fairly in the communitY:
. Avoid being judgemental especially based on someone's past.
. Listening to others and speaking to the with truthfulness,
. Treating others with kindness.
. Avoid looking down upon others'
. Leaming and taking advice from others.
. Appreciating those that give help or assistance'
lnternational Conventions
International conventions are legally binding international agreements between
countries
setting out the civil, political, eionornic and rights of peoplc regardless
of'race, religion
or ability. They *.rr. a great deal of purposes and form the basis of international
laws'
relations. They
International conventions enswe stability, reliability and order in international
can be agreed upon on a variety of issues that affect the intefllational
community. These cau
include human rights, disability, child rights and citizenship'
( "')
ilnternationat Internatio;;i ;;;r;;tio;- | i*p".tr"..
lissue i
t
Human rights Universal Declaration of i
rney prornote sociar p.ogr".f"b#";;r"il;.d,
Human Rights jof lif.eanrl frccclom to, uft- pcople.
*.'," . -l
Disabiltty Convention Riolrlq nf
convention on the Righls of jiT,
It .-.-,,,.-" -r,^r
"r.rr..
^^^-i- -;;-
that people -ffi
*r,1, di*bilili;G;
Persons with Disabilitjes o.."s, to the same rights a'd opportunities
II as
Child rights n* c;",,til;lh. R[h r; I iiff*l;lh'

of the Child (CRC) ichilcl. The converrtion i.o l;"k";;;;ffi i
Citizenship UN Convejn,ion-un
Statelessness
education. permanent residency, own land and
to engage in entploynrent in the country of
Table i,2 lutentalional conyentirtns
I ri.r'r-'is {
:r-t{irrt \: \lr i{iplr'{ lroir.r"il{l \lul.l.:sj
I. Which of the following is a dght rhing to rJo,i
A. scolding your friend
B. backbiting your friend
C. donating to the needy
D. taking solneone's food without pennission
2. The fbllou.ing are benefits of good morals except
A. Gaining respcct B. strcngthcning of trust
C. Becoming a role model D. given punishment
3' It is i,rportant to belong to a religion because un* i,
A. taught good morals B. taught tolll+r*Ioth.r,
c.trained to become a social ,risfit D. groo*ed to hate
4. which of the following is a respo,sibirity of a citizen?
A' being corrtpt R. clcaning the environrnent
C. h'aining people how to steal D. destroying natural resources
5' How can people living with disabilities be treatecl fairly in the community?
A. by training them life skills B. by spoon feeding them
C. by not supporting them D. by denying them their rights
6. Intemational conventions are hetween countries.
A. gifts B. ug.****r, -_ C, re,\ollrces D. privileges
7 ' Which of the fbllowing can be done as
a sign of respecting the disabled at school ?
A. giving them less time for break B. denying them participation in sports
C. kcep instructions complex. D. always being patient and considerate
j .:
What does citizenship provide to an individual'?
A. stops them from Lwning tand B' permanentresidencytoothercountries
c. discourage citizens from voting D. identity and rights
9. Which rights are meant to promote the wellbeing
of children?
A. hurnan rights B' child rights
C. disability rights D' citizen rights
10. Freedom from slavery and torture are
A. citizen rights B. disability rights
C. human rtgtrts D' child rights
Scction B: Strtlcttlrctl Qtltstions ll5 rnarktl
L State tu,o ways in which one can reflect good morals (Unhul Ubuntu)' t2l
Z. Give two beneflts of good rnorals' t2l
3. Suggest any two examples of good morals practiced at school 121
4. What is the iruportance of belonging to a religion? l1l

5. What are communitY rights? i1l
6. State two cotnmunity responsibilities t2l
7. State any three human rights' t2l
8. Identiff any three International conventions' t3l
3.3 @
trffifl#
OBJECTIVES I
I
. identify causes of inter-personal conflict i
' suggest ways of managing inter-personal conflict

I
,l
Conflict
Conflict refers to a clash or disagreement between individuals or groups'
Inter-personal
family members'
conflict is conflict between two or more people. This can between friends or
Such conflict can
Inter-personal conflict can happen at school, home, work or in the society.
be caused bY manY factors.
Causes of inter-personal conflict at school

. perceived differences between social groups such as religion, race and even teams
. Limited resources people fail to share the available ones equally
as
, Grievances between people over tnisunderstandings that happened
in the past
I
t;r )
. Bullying and harassment
' Unfair heatment such as favouritisrn towarcls other learners
can lead to conflict in class.
. Personaliry clashes and differences
Ways of managing inter-personal conflict

lnter-personal conflict can be managed and avoidccl
witli usc of proper management
skills' I{owever, failure to manage conflict because lailure can
lead to anger, hostility a,d
resentment' Managing conflict can be achieved
through ways such as apologising, having
good comnrunication skills such as speaking well
to-othei people a,d using appropriate
language' Taking steps to rninirnise conflict such
as building good relationships is also vital
in marlaging conflict. Control of emotions ancl showing respect
and tolerance also helps in
conflict resolution' In additionl personal ittacks and blanring
other people should be avoided
all the tirne' Religion .un also be used to marlage conflict
as religions advocate fbr hannony
and uniry.
nal 1"ul ur: S'|'!{{,.i}th

fi1,31 l,3
i oUEcTIVES i
i
, Learners should be able to: t
i.
I
identify attributes that show resilience I
I
I
I
1
!t -^5;tri rrlJr
skill and ability to nraintain corrtroi or aciapt well in a dillicult
Rcsilienc-c is thc
situation,
a tragedy or stressful situation. Resilience implies an understanding
that life is full of
challenges that people cannot change but learn to live
with them. Examp'les of such sifuations
include heaith problems, financial problems, educational
problems andeven social or family
problems' People who are resilient have goorl problem
soiving skills. other attributes related
to resiliencc are as follows:
Handling change
This is an attribute that follows a loss of someone or
something. When this happens, a person
should be able to accept the loss ancl the changes it
comes with. Handling change requires
emotional strength as change can come abrtiptly and unexpectedly.
Optimism
This attribute requires olle to see ancl hope for the best.
Diilicult situations or times have the
capacity to dernotivate an indiviclual. Therefore, rernaining
optimistic makes one rssilient ancl
remain motivated with hope.
Determination
Determihation is a positive attribute that involves persistence and perseverance.
It ensures
set goal'
that one never gives ,rp in the face of difficulties but continues to aim for a
Resourcel'ulness
This is the abiliry to find bther possible ways of overcorning a difficult situation.
It requires
to a challenge'
one to be quick and careful in finding a suitable and appropriate solution
mrilffin',T\
3"5 Religitln ()tN '-I'ecltnol('g-Y ancl Lt't!]
IIS;
)
OBJECTIVES I
. list religious artefacts i
. design reiigious artefacts

I
. discuss the impact of technology on religious and social values

I
Religious artetacts
They
Religious artefacts are objects that are considered to be symbolic and signify religion.
a
can be in the fonn of symbols, paintings, portable sculpture, art. clothing and
beading' Huge
seen to
buildings such as pyramids are also part of religious artefacts. Various religions are
use various artefacts, Religions usc artefacts as rerninders of their religions
during rituals,
rites and ceremolies. Some religious followers believe that artefacts protect them
from evil
spirits and attacks.
Religious artelacts itr Irldigenous Rcligion

There are a lot of artefacts that are used in Indigenous religion during rituals, rites and
ceremonies, Traditional healers and chiefs use different artefacts dwing their
practice.
Artefacts such as beads, masks, pottery and sculpture are used by the indigenous people'
Indigenous
religion
beads traditional drurn
I
l.l
,l
lt,.ligio ts. it, :efilc$s in {'lu.isri*ru{ ,
Christians have sEveral artefacts that are used in

the various places of worship ancl by its
believers' some artefacts are founti in places of worship
while some ar-e worn by thc followers.
$
Christianity
'
"/:::"":' ,
,-1,
t' .,tr-- t
a "."
ra
t **,-.".1
The Crucifix Iloly Bible Rosary

$i,rlifit l3 ut rl:r*:{s in !rlurrr
There are a lot of artefacts that are usecl in Islani.
Some of them are wont by the fbllowers
while some are used during surviccs.
Islam
Quran Pra rnat with com To
tt,'ligirl {5 itr ,clacts im ,lrlrl;lisrri

Therc are a number of artofacts that are used in thc Jewish
religion. Some of thr: artufacts;rr.c
worn by the followers such as the (tallitl prayer sharvl.
I'r :e h lr :llug y and ur

iir i {r;.:rr
Impact of technology on religious and social values

The use of technology in religious activities has brought
both positive and negative effects o,
people's lives. Religions such as Indigenous, Christiinity,
Islarn and Judaisln al.e now being
viewed on different cltatrnels ott the television and fbllowers
can now watch sennons in the
cornt'ort of their ltomcs. With thc cvolution of tCT
dcvices, somc followors arc able to reacl
their holy books on such devices. During the covlD l9
Lockdown period, most religions
a wide range of tireir
were able to live-stream their selmons which enable them to reach
has an impact on social
followers. Most livc strcaming was posted on Facebook. Technology
values and modes of life. Linking relatives together is one
positive effect that technologies
can be easily conveyed'
have on family life. Messages such as birlh, death or wedding notices
be done online with the
Technology has made education better. Even school wolk can now
used in teaching and learning'
use of ICT devices. platfonns such as radio lessons are being
to the family and the society
The use of techlology in the health sector is equally important
at largo.
religions. Holy books are
On the other hancl, technology has affecteri the sacredness of other
of followers as
now bei,g replaced with ICT devices. It has also removed the social values
rnost religiorri brli.re in gatherings and congregations' Some
families no longer have time
Technology
to interact as most of the iamily members would be busy on their ICT devices.
are shown on some
has been identified as a sinful world because of unmoral videos that
social networks. Disputes within tamilies are now comlnon due
to the use of these devices'
people from spending time
Marriages are becoming unstable as technology prevetrts married
online and less
with one another or thelr families. Children spend most of th6ir time playing
playing with others PhYsicallY'
F@
1. ln groups, narrate religious stories that shows resilience.

2, Choose an artefact from your religion and create it using locally
available materials'
3. Watch a video of church sermons from the internet and

discus how it is different
from receiving a sermon in Person.
Sort and Categorise
Sort the list below into correct categories of Child rights and Responsibilities
Respecting eldcrs, Education, Health, Keeping the environment clean,
Lifo. Respecting
Expressing
UeliLfs anJopinions of others, Basic needs, Participating inthe local environment,
a family' Protection
oneself, Playing and enjoying youth, Playing family roles, Belonging to
fi'om danger, Reporting abuse and exploitation'
Su ttt rna t'v

. International conventions guide ancl set common standards on all the convections'
, t:q, \
I :' i
t
Child rights convections clarify who childr-en are, all their rights and resporrsibilities.
a
Inter-personal conflict can be managed in a variety of ways.
t
All religions have their own artefacts.
Technology has an irnpact on religious and social values.
t
I
i
I
I
Artclact - an object rnade by human being for culture or religious
purposss.
Disputes - disagreements or arguments.
Device - an object or nrachine invented tbr a particular purpose.
Exploitation - an action of treating sonleone unfairly.
*
: Technology - practical application of knowledge in a particular ar.ea.
II
\r.i'ii*;: 1; !!aliti;ii' { 1!;*i'l;ri

L Inter-personal conflict can be resolved by
A. providing adequate resourcos B. unfair treatment
C. unclear roles D. poor conlmunication
2. Dcflne resilience'?
A. Corlpltrinillg Lhe entii'e tirne
B. Ncgativc attitr,rdc
C. Creating problems
D. Maintaining control of situations
a
J. What are religious artefacts?
A. objects used in church only
B. objects that sigrri$ a religion
C. objects which signifu peoplc
D. objects used when singing
4. Which of the following artefact is used by Muslims during their religious practices',)
rr{
-$ r- Y.'' tc*iIEU"-.;-s:rr
.t '\ q i
A. ;;
R "ffi{hw *.
C. ,'*u-s#
L}
D.
i
I
i
5. From the pictures on question 4, rvhich zutefact is used by Christians'7

I
I
I
6. The prayer shawl is worn bY the
A. Christians
B. Indigenous PeoPle
C. Jews
D. Muslims
7. Indigenous religion uses when performing rituals.
A. hymn books B.
prayer beads
C. seven branched candle stick D. hides and bones
8. The piclure below shows the community.
A.MuslimB'JewsC.ChristiarrD'Indigerrous
). The people above are using during a serlnon'
A. phone B. lleyboard C. laptops D' computer
10. The impact of tcchnology orl lhc social values is leading to
A. many deaths B. divorce in maniages
C. disputes in religions D. many inteltigent people
Sectittrr B: 5tt'llctur"r: I t,)trts{irlrrs I l5 rrru'furl
What does the word conflict mean? -' tl]
State two causes of inter-personal conflict at school. t2]
Give three attributes that ale related to resilience t3]
How can religious artefacts be used to raise money for a religious organisation? [1]
State any two artefacts used in Indigenous religion. t2l
List anytwo Jewish artefacts. t2l
Name two Cluistian religious artefacts. i2]
Suggest any two ways in whidr religiotrs organisations can makea$e of
tCT'? 12]-I
i'!l )
It*ligium and Health
il] .li- ()n lt let!,\ilri,,,J*a

€rri*-ftr*od***/
OBJECTIVES
l,earners should tle able to:
. idcntify fbrnrs of scxual ancl sutrstancc abusc
. list abused substanccs at lrorlc and school
. suggest ways ol'crrcling substalrcc abusc
f:' Bl";x;. {}$ r {'Xil,gi i*{it} rtti;,ri;se;,-l .r*;r}g*.:
Abtrsc can happcn itt tnany fbrttts. Thc lirllorving cxarnples cxplain lrow sexu.l
and clrug
abuse happcn:
5r rtntl rlirll
This is a fbnn of abr"rse in which a perpetrator tbrccs scxual activities on an unwilling
or
unawarc victitn- Other terms uscd fbr sexual abusc arc sexual violence and
sexual assault. l,
Zirnbabwc' thc licc child linc or hclplirrc to rcport any abuse is ll6. Such abuse can
occur in
a variety olways as tbllows:
i'.t'"r,!l u! ir..lrr".l alltrrl

Rape. indcccnt assattlt, fbnclling, harttt on privatc parts and exposing private parts
to minors
arc sonlc forrls of scxrral abtrsc.
Rape
This is a firrttt o1'scxual abLtsc tltat involvcs firrct-cl sc.rual intcrcoursc rvitholrt conserrt.
Child sexual abuse

This is a furnr ot'sexual abuse that inclLrclcs scxual activitics with a lninor or young person.
A child is consiclcrecl to bc too young to consent to any scxual activitics. This fornr of sexual
abusc can lraprpcn in thc fbllorving ways;
' Exposing oneself to a minor
' Fondling
. Intcrcourse
. or forcing the minor to masturbate
Masturbation in the presence of a tninor
,.obscenephonecalls,textmessagesordigitatinteractiotr
,Producing,owningorsharingpolnographicimagesormoviesofchildren
. Sex trafficking
Drug-facititated sexual abuse

d'r,rgs are used to compromise an
individual's
This is sexual abuse that occurs when alcohol0r perpetrator to
to consent to sexuar activity. Drugs and substances make it easier for a
ability also prevent
sexual viorence because they redirce a person's ability to resist' They can
co*rmit
sexual violence or assault'
them from remembering details of the
Sexual abuse of men and boYs

abused. rn most cases, the victi*rs fail
to cot,e out
This is when ms,, or boys are sexuarly
However, it is stiil sexual abuse and it includes
about the rape in fear of being -ork.d.
penetrationortu,mouthoranusoranyothersexuatactivities.
Incest
It mostly happens wh-en a relative is staying
This is sexual contact between farnily members.
of the same family. Incest involves
with the family but can arso happe, b.t*"*n members
luringafamilymembertosharesexualrelationswith'
I)rug al)use
not
consnming themin high doses that are
Drug abusc is trre act of misusing dmgs and
methods u,hich are harmful to the i*dividual
prescribed. It i*volves drug co*sumptiorithrough of such
are used ancl abused by people' Examples
or others. A variety of drugs and substances (w'eed)'
cocaine, cough syrups and cannabis
drugs and substa*.. l rrti, de alcohol, tobacco,
effects to one's body and the cornmunity
such drugs and substances pose risks and negative
at latge. Sorn. of the effects of drug abuse are as follows:
. lungs and kidneys).
Poor health (drugs comnronly affect tlre brairr,
' Memory loss'
' Poor decision making'
dropouts'
' Poor academic performances and school
. such as bullying'
Negative and desttuctive behaviow and attitude
' Stress and dePression'
z\husecl sutrsl"ance
Drugabusedoesnotonlyinvolveconsumptionofillegaldrugs.Italsoinvolvesovert}re
counter(oTC),legalandprescribedmedicinesbeingabused.Drugabuseisthereforeseento drugs
The table below shows the commonly abused
be prevalent both ut ho-, and in schools.
at school and at home:
I - ti
!"
t' -- *. "
i!.r.htg-n.e abused at home

?Drs-es 1[-[9Tg Srhstnnne ,il;:; at
substance abused ;;;i*-
;* schnoi----*-**-."l
i:.u9lg-nce
g$ruul,t*gegl!sq/.b"s_e;* -iilg;"!..rb*ffi;!;*=---_* -*---j
such pai*LLLqi; .- _- Cr;il.iruu"
as
.- -_-_-
i{ ":"l,ptr"e3uss.
i-c-ofs-! UU.
j spoi[und *ir..
_ _ _:---
I .--- j I
^
i cisarettes f;;_-t*=t
--"--*---.--*l
jMarijuana
lIllicith<-ltnetnadesubstancessuchaskac.hus;tt-i.^-*--%J
j and broncho r
Cigaretres j
Inhalarlts such
uch as sprays;-a_nd
and cleaning
cleani
l91[l,g!prd::
fluids _ IIn-ty!1nts such as nrarkers and glues
l!ep*i1(dog9/_9ga_cj1_.lppe) : i
CocrjlglcfigFl '
--
Table 4- I Abusetl substonces
Ways of ending substance abuse

Substhnce abuse affects people of all religions
and spiriiual backgrounds. In order to end
drug alruse, most religions should have programmes
that help to keef its followers, especially
the youths, occupied as idleness lnay lead to substance
abuse. christian drug treatrnent
programmes are also useful in ending substance
abuse. The progranlmes enable substance
abusers to participate in Biblo study and prayer nrectings.
Duringthese meetings, they learn
about the ch.stia, values which i,spires them
to stay sober.
Indigenous religiorl makes use of traditional leaders
to help end substa,ce abuse. Traditional
practices are put in place to develop culturally
sound substance abuse treatnrent progran,,,res.
There are several treatment programmes such as
clances and talking circles which are put i'
placc to help in solving thc issue of substance
abnsc. Talking circlesl;onsists of group therapv
in which participants sit in a circle, with group
elclers teading and discussing substa,ce abuse
problems' Traditional irealers also participate in
such treatrnent prograrnl,es.
The Islanric religion addresses the challengc of substanoe
abuse by enoouraging thcir
fbllowers to remember the ahnighty Allah urd to seek
hirn. This trotivut"s und inspires the
individuals to overcome acldiction. This relationship with
Allah and performing the five daily
prayers at proper times also help in ending substance
abuse. The Jervish communify has also
been faced with challenges of substance abuse. support
groups and organisations such as
the Jewish centre for Adcliction and Prevention,
Heli and Hope have beei fbrmed to provide
outreach services.
substance abuse treatment professionals are involvecl
in treating and providing counselling
to individuals and families whose lives have been aft'ccted
by substance abusc. The religious
teacltings of Judaism also provide a structure that
supports rehabilitation and recovery. In
addition, the Torah and the Talmud, provide sacred texis
on coping rvith substance abuse and
other diseases.
4.2 Iteligion and Gender
OBJECTIVES
I
.statethebenefitsofequalopportunitiesbetweenmenandwomen )
Gender eqttalitY
and
and men enjoy the same rights, opportunities
Gender equality is achieved when wolnen
responsibilities.
Equal tlpportunitics
individuals with fairness and similarity
Equal opportunities refers to the act of [reating
beliefs. Equal opportunity also means that
.
without making judgements based on generalised

age, religion, nationality, physical
fair treatment is giverr regardless of gender' race' colour,
and mental abilitY.
women
Benefits of equal opportunities between men and
.Increasedhumanresourceswhichboosteconomicgrowth'
. Prevention of violence against women and girls'
' Maintenance of peace in countries'
. in leadership roles'
It boosts business performance through gender diversity
Fig 1,1 Equal employmeilt opportuttilies in the police force
' l: I
\ j
gijj5 {}n ilntl Serualie
lmI.r ry]
r
\
OBJECTIVES l

I
' idcntilV r.,,:.1-"_ur teachings on boy-gir.t retarionships. I
I
i
l{ rle'*g a"f; l' ,lati{}l:slail}

Roy-girl relationships develop when a boy and a girl play or attend school
together. Such
relationships can help the two to socialise with each other. A boy-girl
relationship also teaches
boys and girls how to relate and assouiate with the opposite gender.
Itriligriru r rcli irrn's tr:rrltitrllr ,,rn r;,r, qu.l r.r..l:rii*trrltilr

The Indigenous religion teaches boys and girls to follow and respect
t6e moral teachings
provided by the religion. Farnily members and the conimuniry also ptry
o part in guiding bols
ancl girls on htlr'v to relate to each other. Mostly the aunt is
responsiUte ior teaching *o.ot.
to thc girl whilst thc unclc does the sarnc fbr the boy. The teachings include
rnorals, valucs,
attitr-rdes atrd unhu/ ubuutu. It is forbidden and consirlered a taboo
for Uoys and girls to engage
in a any sexual activities or have sexual relations.
I i r'1", li:tt l,i..lclr nL,,s ln titlf -gir"l t.i.ltr{lrriri!:il

Clrristianity encourages a boy-girl relationsl'rip that is sharecl with people r,vho have
the same
christian values. The Bible teaches voung boys and girls to share tiiendship i,
mr:rai ways.
Sush lriendship involves fellowshipiing together, engaging in Bible
study sessior-rs as well as
helping each other with ideas and support. Youth advisors, pastors, nuns
and priests also play
a part in guiding boy-girl relationships.
,lr i rsli ll cliitr: , rin ho1,-girl rel;rtitnslril;,

Jer'vs areguided throughout their life by the laws in the Tor-ah. Boy-girl relationships
arc
govemed by Jewish moral and ethical values, la'ws ancl customs.
The rabbis and motheis play
a leading role in boy-girl relationships. The Jcr,vs encourage boy-girl relationship,
u,,.'ongr,
Jews however it does not prohibit association with non-Jews. Jewish
law proltibits cluse
physical contact between boys and girls.
ir{ it}rc i, ir:liilr \ t}m h{,1'*gir'l l.r,iirri*trrlriil

Islam prohibits boys and girls frorn having any sort of a illicit relationships,
rneeting in private
and having indcccnt convcrsation betwecn boys and girls. Boys and giils
are nor allowed to
have any physical contact.
lrru'citt I)
Scction i\: i\'Iultiplc Choicr: ll tl rnarlisl
1. Forms of sexual abuse include
.A. force B. rape C. assault D. smoking
2. In most cases, sexual abuse is carried out' by
A. strangers B. relatives and caregivers
C. street kids D. good Samaritans.
J. Indecent assault is
A. beating other PeoPle B. sexual contact without consent
C. fbrcing oneself on other PeoPle D. trarassing other PeoPle
4. How cau substauce abuse be errded?
A. providing rnore drugs
-.
B. chasing away victims
C. helping ttre victims
D. stopping the teenagers from going to school
5. Which is the way of ending substance abuse?
A. disagreements B. talking circles
C running away D. crying
6. What is gender equalitY?
A. sharing with others
B. treating others with fairness
C. equality in gender
D. men enjoying fewer rights than women
7 Equal opportunities are provided based on the following except
gende,
e. B' religion C' race D' diversity
8. Thelmportance of equal .pportu,ities is that it provides
A. oppornrnities for both rnen and women. B. men control of all resources
C. increu.. in gender based violence D' increase iu human resoulces
9. Boy and girl relationshiP is
-marriage
A. betwee* u boy *d u gitl B. friendship between a boy and girl
C. .orrrtrhip between a boy and a girt D' engagement between a boy and girl
10. Islam prohibits boys and girls from
A. greeting each other -' B' worshiping together
C. talking to each other D' meeting in private
Srctiurr B: Structtrrctl Qutstions ll5 nrar[ s]
1. Explain the tenn substance abuse. t2l
2. Give fow substances which people abuse at home and at school' t4]
3. State two dangers of abusing ,ub,tu"ttt? [2]
4. Which people are the main victims of sexual abuse? 12)
5. State two benefits of equal opportunities between rnen and women' t2]
6. The teachings otl boy-girl relaiionship discourages before marriage' [1]
7. Wtrich two relatives are actively involved in boy-girl relationship in
indigenous religion? t2l
\/
L.:'r
firryr ryrr
t.-l L.*lig on, IlIV an,ri .tII)li
'rrmrn rm[
OBJECTIVES I
I
. list the eflbcts of HIV and AIDS on a global scalc t

I
. suggest ways of preventing HIV and AIDS globally i
. distinguish tacts fi.om myths on HIV and AIDS I

I
. organise awarelless r:ampaigns on IIIV and AIDS
lr. il'*ct ol' I il 1' an{l,,\ I X}S

HIV and AIDS ltas caused major health challengcs as it currentty
tras no cure. In some cases,
ucce$s to HIV lreat'ment is liniited and the atrti-ret.roviral
clmgs are not uclequate to treat every
infbctcd person, The following are solnc of the major
global cffects of HIV and AIDS:
' Mother-to-child transmission during birth in cascs wlrere prior
testing or detection has
not beetr donc-.
' Rapid spreacl of the disease especiaily amo,gst tire youths.
' stigrnatisation due to lack of proper knorvledge of the
diseasc.
' Affecting the social, ernotional and psychological lif'e of
both tle infectccl ancl allectc4.
' child-headed families die to ross of parerlts ro the disease.
' Reduced ecottomic grorvth clue to the loss of human
capital ll-onr the disease.
5llluti rns $ f llV lru{l ,,\{l}H

In as much as HIV and AIDS is a chailenging diseasc, it
can be oontrolled and prcvcnted. [n
order to prevent the disease a variety of strategies can
be put in place.
Ways of preventing HIV and AIDS globally
. Abstaining from sexual activities.
' Prcvention of lnother to child transnrission by tcsting all prcgnant wornen fbr the virus,
. Circumcision, as it lower. risk of contracting HlV.
' Avoiding risky behaviour of sharing sharp objecr or rreedles when iljecting drugs.
,\itili{u I*s {ltlrm.rls $f;{\ ant$ \f;{}s
People ltave varied attitudes towarcls HIV and AIDS. It
can be notecl that the majority seem to
has a negative attitude towards HIV and AIDS
clue to fear of the disease or lack of knowledge.
In addition, attitudes toward HIV and AIDs can be influenced
by religious, cultural and social
factors.
\fvths and ilrcts
by many myths
Myths are unfounded beliefs about anything. HIV and AIDS is surrounded
infected and affected
and misconceptions. Such myths about HIV are harmful and toxic to
major myths and
people us welius those that are not infected. The diagram below shows some
facts about HIV andAIDS:
FACTS MYTHS
. HIV and AIDS is caused bY having HIV and AIDS is a Punishment
unprotected sex with an infected frorn God.
pafiner. a Prayer can cure HIV and AIDS.
. HIV and AIDS sannot be cured' a Having sex with a virgin can cure
. d child can get HIV frorn tlie AIDS.
mother during pregnancy, at biftlr or
People can get HIV from hugging,
during breast feeding.
. sharing food and insect bites'
Sharp objects like razor blades,
injections can sPread HIV
Fig 4.5 Facts awl m)'ths aboul HIV and AIDS
Pcoplc cannot get HIV and AIDS from the acts below:
Fig 4.i Shoring food (teft) and ittsect bites (right)
Arvareness on H[\" and AII]li

Awareness refers to educating the general public on any given matter. HIV
andAIDS awateness
programmes are can.ied out to educate the public on HIV and AIDS especially on
how it
is transmitted. Awareness programmes help to eliminate all the myths and misconceptions
regarding HIV and AIDS.
i l: s \
\...'.--i
Fig 4.4 .4wareness on HII: and..lIDS poster
It is very important for everyolle to be ftllly aware ancl infor-rned HIV

on and AIDS so that
thcy can avoid transnrission.
fuJ r'* tr'{,ivi,rj --
OBJECTIVES
. discuss fbod laws
. explain advantages of seeking medical health car.e
' discuss how religions view professional nreclical care
. explain what is rneant by adolescence
' suggest ways of maintaining cleanliness during adolescence
f-l *;u*lr h*l i*s

Health living is the practicc of engaging in bchaviour such as eating balanced meals,
ittvolvement in physical fitness antl exercises, avoiding drug abuse, gettin[
rrrough ,l*; ;;;
rest as well as having a stablc rnind. Living healthy helps to prevent
many chronic ciiseases
and illnesses a,d it prolo,gs life. Healthy habirs include the
following:
. Eating a balanced diet.
. Regular exercising.
. Avoid snroking and substancc abuse.
. Keeping a healthy body wcight.
. Avoid lood w.ith too much flat, salt a,rl su,eet fborls.
Food lalvs
regulations that govern food quality, production,
Foocl laws are the colrection of rules and is
and FooJstandards Act (chapter I 5:04)
handling and consumption. In Zimbabwe. theFood buying
Food taws give guidance ro consumers when
responsible for imptementing food raws. production of
safety, correctiaberling on food and
and consuming food. They promote food
used in agricultural production' Drugs
high quality food. Food laws also govern p.*iiridt' food
and medicatio. sord to patients and
production of bottled water are also controlled by
restrictions and food traditions as shown
in the
laws. Many rerigions have food tuws, dietary
table below:
Food restrictions
Religion Foods laws
The food laws are Prescrlbed at specific events
I sacred foods, goat milk,
Indigenous
and when a wolrnan is pregnant. food which belong to
such as drought
religion one's totem aud tnonkeYs
. , et*t ol and tobacco

Christianity The fnocl lnrvs vary accorolllg t
denominations'
Iftiev follow dietary larvs o f Leviticus and ;Tork, brrds. blood and
Judaisrn
shellfi sh are forbidden'
DeuteronomY fi'orn the Torah'
. Meat accePtable is from cattl e and gatne that
have cloven hooves and chews cud.
. Religious holidaYs have additionnl foucl I
restrictions.
. tt4"iii,"s eat halal (l+wful) foods.
foo'
. H-dm @rohibited) foods
lslam
are pork, blood, additives
. {amadan.
Fasting is required during Ran
such as gelatine or suet,
i. Pregnant aud breestfeeding lg 'women, children alcohol
I und*r t2 Years' older PeoPte le aand ctrronicallY ill
'om
peo;,te may be e,xerrlPJg! frym fasting.
I
Taille 4.2 Food laws in religion
I
Metlical Cart:
for a person's health a,d well-being by a
Medical care is the provision of whpt is llecessary
Medicai care helps people in restoring and
doctor, nufse or other healthcare professionals.
maintaining health.
Advantages of seeking medlcal health care

. seeking medical care helps in early detection and treatment of chronic illnesses such as
heafi diseases, different cancers and HIV and

AIDS'
. Better care given also hetps in suppressing illnesses, trrus irnproving quality of life'
.Seekingmedicalcarepromotesbettercareforpeoplewhoareill,
. Enables one to know and be aware of any
health dangers.
. Seeking medical health also prolongs one's
life'
. procedufes especially for children'
It helps in setting up imrnunisation and vaccination
i' l.- 7 'j

H,'ligilr :s t'i u,1$ {{lltrtrr.c.lii trlrili'r,s,iir:i:;ti jit,.rlicill q:;ll,r"
Different religions view professional rnedical care clifferently.
Indigenous religion
The Indigenous Religion has solne health practices which
differ from profbssional medical
care prastices. In Indigenous religion, cliseases arc cured
using natural herbs taken from parls
of plants such as roots, leaves or the bar:k. Diseases are often caused
by attacks from evil or
bad spirits' Traditional healers play a leading role in providing
medical care .There are claims
within thc Indigcnous religion that thcrc arc toxins {buncl in rvcstcrn
mcclicines and that some
people get reactions from the medicine. The religion
also blames the prolessional meclical
care for atternpting to ctue certain diseascs like fits which
they belie* ur. causcd by evil
spirits.
Christianify
Christians put faith in Gocl and Jesus christ fbr the healing process.
However, Christians
allow their followers to receive medical'care but the only p.rron
who heals is God. The
Christian commutlity tookpart in the building of many hospiials. professional
health care is
viewed by Christians as a sacrifice. Prevcntion of'diseases, treating
the sick and empowering
healthy lives for the country is a sacrifice. Hou,ever, some
Christian denominations do not
allow its tnetnbers to seek prot-essionalrnedical carc. Thc religious teaching
of sorneApostolic
grollps emphasise faith healirrg and sticking to church heliefs
and practices rather thzur seeki'g
healthcare. They recollltrtend prayer only as a supplcnrcnt
to rnedical carc.
Islam
Muslims' approach to health care is for preventative measLlres. preventative
healthcare
strategies are also put in practice such as personal hygiene,
dietary measures such as the
restriction in eating specific foods like pork and it's by-products
and drinking alcohol is
practiced to reduce illnesses' However, Muslirn patients
seek nredical care but they still look
to theirreligious and culfirral heritagc to addrcss their hcaltlr and
wellbeinq
Judaism
Judaism views the provision of health care as an obligation
to the whole society. In that
regard, the Jewish listed health cal'e on the ten most important
communal servic., ihut a city
lnust r'rffcr to its residcncc. Tl:e Jews provide guidclincs tr: nrcclical
profbssionals to follow
when treating and caring for Jewish patients. The guidelines ipclucle jewish
dietary laws and
rnedical ethics. The Jews forbid contraception or iamily planning
unless t6c woman,s healtl
is at risk' In Judaism. if a patient distrusts a physician ancl his
or her recommendation it is
permissible to reflisc the proposed treatrrrent.
$$ t,gi*-' rt {l $r'ra}i:, it{l{}!r.s*;.r}1{"{,

Adolescence
Adolescence is the transitional stage of physical and psychological
development that
generally occurs during puberty. Puberty is the age at u,hich person,s
a body begins to take
an adult shapc.
Cleanliness
and no bad smells' It is the
Cleanliness is the stare whereby there is no dirt, no dust, no stains
practice of keeping one's surroundings free from dirt'
Ways of rnaintaining cleanliness (turing adolescence

is produced in the
During adolescence several changes happen within the human body. sweat
ways help
armpil ancl other body parts begin to disctrarge an unpleasant odour. The following
in maintaining cleanliness:
. Washing hands before handling food arrd after visiting the toiiet is essential'
. Bathing thoroughly daily using soap and clean water'
. During bathing special atrention should be paid to arrnpits, face and private
parts'
. Keep the private parts cletrn antl dry'

' Hair should be kept neat attd combed'
. Nails should be cut regularlY'
. Brushing of teeth should be practiced every day and at bed time.
Ftg i.S Wroshing hands regularty (leI| and sneezlng or coughing ltrto the elbow (right)
Rcligious teachillgs tlll cleanlinesl

Indigenous religion
peace with
Keeping the body and spirit clean in Indigenous Religion allows one to be at
arE used for
the spir-it world. ilr.r. is a belief that some plants and herbs such as/eso which
clothes'
bathing can drive away evil spirits. Other natrual herbs are used when washing
part in Islafir'
Muslims have higtr standards of personal hygiene. Hygiene is an important
bodies, clothing
Muslims are required to take care of their personal hygiene by washing their
and cleaning the surroundings. The Muslims wash thernselves before
worshiping' They wash
of Islam
their faces, hands up to elbows ancl feet up to ankles, The teachings and principles
for personal hygiene and cleanliness promotes heaithy living standards of individuals
and
communities
Chrlstinnity
person's
Christianifyhas alwaysplaceda strong emphasis onhygiene. Christiansbelievethatthe
l:l \
I
body is like God's temple hence it should always be clean.
Christians believe that cleaniiness
is next to Godliness. There are verses in the Bible
that highlight importance that God gave
to purification attd staying clean. The need to bath regularty,
wa.h tlothes and clealing of
the sun'oundings is irnpottant to christians. Accordingjo
christians, rnaintaining cleanliness
is an essential part of healthy living and helps to imp-rove
one's personality. Christians also
stresses spiritual and moral purification that is the
cleanliness of hearts by faith.
Judaism
Thc Jews value cleanliness and personal hygiene. The
Jews believe in keeping clean to honour
God's image' Judaism teachings emphasise the neeclto keep
the body clean and pure. There is
a belief that God livcs in tlte hurnan body. The Jcws
emphasise on Sand washing on a number
of occasious. These include befbre ancl after eating a meal. Ritual
washing and cleansing is
also perfornred n-rany tirnes in Judaisnr.
lllI r l
1. Role play on how substance abuse can affect an individual

and those around him
or her.
2. Debate on the topic'Gender equality makes childrent lives better.,
Jumble Land
Rearattge the following words to come up with HIV and
AIDS and healthy living habits
terms.
IHV DISA MYSTH AWRASSNEE ACDELOENECS
PRNVTEER]YIG HYLEATH HNYGIEE CLLSSINENAE MAEDICL
ir t i tu tlti r-\
. Sexual abuse is found be in many forms.
' substance abuse is habituar use of an addictive substance.
' Different religions have differe,t teachings on boy-girl relatio,ship.
' Hygiene is very impofiant especially during adorescence.
' HIV and AIDS catl be prevented ard there are u lot of'myths and fhcts
on HIV a1d AIDS.
i
,
i
I
i Abuse
-(ffi
- violating one's rights
!
i Adolescencc - a stage when a boy or a girl become an adult.
f
!
Awareness campaigns - cfforts made ro educate individuals
I
$
and public about
I topical issues.
I
t
\
Srclion ,\: Nlultiple flhoicr: ll0 N'lat'ksl
stage?
What is the most important thing to do when one is at adolescence
A. Cleanliness B. Bomowing C' respecting D.. Fighting
Fiehti
The following are tbod laws excePt
A. Washings hands before handling food B. producing qualitY foods
C. distribution of food D. correct food labelling
3. What is medical care?
A. Provision of services fi'om a doctor or nurse'
B. Being healthY
C. Eating a balanced diet
D. Body examinations
4. Healthy habits include
A. washing hancls before visiting the toilet B. bathing once a month
C. eating fattY foods D. regular exercise
5. A person cannot get HIV andAIDS from
A. sharing same toilet
B. sharing shary objects with an affected person
C. backdoor injections
D. having sex with infected Petson
6. What is the best way of avoiding contractirrg tfie HTV virus?
A. Eating alone B. Abstinence C. Overworking D. Exercising
7. Which ritual is done to men to reduce the spread of Hrv and AIDS?
A. Shaking hands B. Eaf piercing c. immunisation D' circumcision
8. HIV and AIDS awareness programs help to
A. reduce the disease
B. give solution to HIV and AIDS
C. create stories on HIV and AIDS
D. make people know the facts about HIV and AIDS'
9. HIV and AIDS awareness campaign programmes can be carried out through
A. prayers posters B.
C. rituals D. pink ribbons
10. What are mYths on HIV andAIDS?
A. facts B. false beliefs
C. true stories D. imaginary ideas
Section B: Strrrcturerl (,)trestions [15 marksl

I. List three effects of HIV and AIDS to the world' t3l
2. Suggest three ways of preventing HIV and AIDS globally' t3l
3. Give one fact and one myth about HIV and AIDS t2l
4. State two advantages of seeking meilical care' t2l
5. Define adolescence t2l
6. Give 61vo ways of mailtaining cleanliness durilg adolescence' l2l
period.
7. State any two changes that happen to boys at adolescence 12)
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R elationships
1.1 Understanding Internationnl Relations
OBJECTIVES
. iderrtify relationships in thc intcrnational cotntnunity
International relationshiPs
states globally. Thero arc two rnajor
tbrrns
International relations involve the intcractions of
and these are bilateral and trrulti-
in which countries can engagc in intcrnational relationships
of nations'
lateral. Internatiorral relations ensLlre the stability
Bilateral rclationshiP
of a,y kind. A trade agrcc,rent bctwoc,
This is r,vhen trvo countries enter into n relationship
relatio.ship. Howcvcr' it is also
Zimbabwe and South Atiica is an example of a bilatcral For
a grollp of countries and a sirlglc cottntry'
possible to have a bilateral rclationship betweerr
a ielationship with SADC. Bilatcral relations
example, the United States of Arnerica can have
relationships include aspects suclt as tbod
can be political, econonric or cultural. International
Zimbabwe shares such relati.ns in traclc ancl
security, trade, nationnr security ancr uducation.
Zanrbia, usA, UK and Russia'
economy with South Atiica. china, Botswana,
Multi-lateral relationshiP
than two countries are referred to as nrultilateral'
Intcrnational relationships that involve more
inter,ational bodies' Theretbrc'
Such relationships can also be fbund among various
the member states itt any internatiortal relationship'
agreenrents are clearly nrade and signed by
countries in the tbllowing organisations:
Zimbabwe shares ,.,.,,ilti-lut.ral relations with
. SADC - Crop Production, Food, Agrictrlture and Natural Resources'
.AU -Abidirrgtocorrductoflroldirrgderrrocraticelectiorrs.
to
.UN - Seeking support in strengthcning ttational capacitics and resiliency
devcloplnettt'
uchievc inclursivc cconotttic growtft and sustaitrablc
In addition, Zimbabwe shares other multi-lateral relations within orga,isations such as
International Labour organisation, International Telecommunications
Union, World Trade
organisation, the Rome-basecl World Foocl Progran'rrle,
G- I 5 and the Non-Aligned Movement.
Problerns afiecting international relationships

International relations are more positive and solve
many issues. However, problems and
challenges can develop in international relations.
Some olthe challenges are as follows:
Political
Most nations desire to havc great political powers. Tllerefore,
a country can tlesire t, be more
powerful in international relations so as to be able
to rule over the othlr country. In addition,
political power gives a country more influence and recognition
globally.
Economic
Ecottomic prohlem arise wheu one of the involvecl countries
clesires to have more economic
benefits frorn the relationship tlran the othcr. Such problems
were noted between England and
Zimbabwe on the land issue.
Legal
Every international relationship has binding tcrms whioh
should be followed. Legal problerns
ernanate when the other party fails to own up to tlie
responsibilities entrusted to it.
Environmental
This is when the involved parties begin to have differe,ces
in ownership of the environmerlt
or nattual resources such was the case of the zambeziRiver
between zainbiaand Zinrbabwc.
A cotrntry might have mining relations with another. However.
the mi,ing activities can learl
to environntental issues such as pollution and degradation
in the other country.
Benefi ts of international relationships

International relationships are of great value. Thcy
are noted to be beneficial as they add.ress
issues such as globalisation, diplomatic relations,
state sovereignty, intemational security,
ecological sustainabilit}', nuclear proliferation, nationalism,
."orro-i" development, global
finance, terrorism and humafl rights. In the case
of Zinrbabwe, internationa] relations are
highly beneficial as noted from the points bclow;
' Improving the economy of the country through firancial support
. Maintenatrce of peace and tranquility
' Enriching the cultures of the country through exchange programs
' Enabling the country to be recognised on tlrc, global
econonric markcts
' Boostitrg the technology of the country through technological
advancements.
fr-AI
i.-.1
1.2 Tolerance nnd ResPect at Internationnl level
OBJECTIVES
. the international community
describe ways of maintainiug good relations within
ways of maintaining international relations

are through tolerance and
The major ways in which international relations are maintained
respect.
Tolerance
as well as hardship as well as being
Tolerance is defined as one's ability to endure discomfort
is important because it e,hances
able to accept anything and remai,ing focused. Tolerance
peace and civil undersLndlng. T'hus, a nation can accept
the other's differences which lead to
the two. The concept of tolerance
a stress free environmen[ as well as lasting trade between
entails understanding and acceptance of one another'
Respect
Respect is a very important aspect that shows an attitude
of regard for the other. In respect,
as well as its values and beliefs'
nations tend to honour and value another nation's intcrests
any other counhy with any relations
Respect is notecl in the religious values of a country. Thus,
with the country in question should always respect and honour it'
lnternational bodies and funetiotrs

that relate to countries on a gtobal
There are a number of international organisations or bodies
below:
scale. Such bodies have varietl fttttctions as shown in the table
International Functions
Africa Union . Rtddlgg the continent of colonisation and apartheid

. Promoting unity and solidarity amongst African States
(AU) . Coordinating and intensifiing cooperation for development
, safeguarding the sovereignty and tenitorial integrity of
its member
Promoting intemational
United Nations ireserving international peace and security
promotin[ cooperation among states and itternational development i'
international
(UN) orcler to solve economi", social, cultural or hurnanitarian
problcms
Developing relations among nations
m
European Union Promoting peace
Establishing a unified economic and monetary system
(EU) Promoting inclusion and combating cliscrirnination
Breaking down barders to trade and borders
Encouraging technological and sr:ientifi c developnicnts
Championing environmental protection
International ' Surveillance
Monetary Fund . Financial assistauce
(IMF)
' Technical assistance to promote the stability of the intemational
monetary_and fi.nancial systern.
_ _
Tahle l.l Intunutional bodies antlJhnctions
Flxercisc A
Sec(ion ,,\: Nlultiple (.'hoicc [5 N,larksl
I . A rclationship befwcen a country and a group of countries is called
a
relationship.
A. multi-lateral B. complex beneficialC. D. bilateral
2. An example of a zimbabwean bilaterar relationship is between the country and
A. South Afiica B. SADC C. AU D. LIN

3' Which of the fbllowing intenrational rnulti-lateral bodies did Zimbabwe withdrew
frorn'?
A. Commonwealth B. OAU C. ILO D. SADC
4. An example of a regional multi-lateral organisation in which Zirnbabwe is a part of
is
A. ILO B. SADC C, AU D. UN
5. is a benefit of having multi-later-al relations.
A. Warfarc
B. Sustainable development
C. Increase in refugees
D. Losses on the intenrational market
Secfiotr B: Structured Qucstions I l0 lrrar.lisl
L Define the following ter.rns;
a) Bilateral relationship
b) Multi-lateral relationship l2l '
2. Give any two examples of intemational relations that Zimbabwe has. L2)
3. List any 2 responsibilities of the following boclics;
a) IMF
b) AU
c) EU
t6l
m
Level
13 Confliet Management "t Int.rnational
OBJECTIVES
. discuss the challenges affecting
the intern"tiryl":11T:Y
. llrrfi: X.J;il;;;ffing connict within rtre intematio'al
community
chailenges affecting the international regions. International
in different countries and
Many chalrenges are being experienced
chatlenges are any rnajor issu"
o' o"'"t:;:!L-t.ll:1,:i:::::il*.T;;fil:lt';::lJl"n'
:l'IiX-" "r?:: iil: ffi[.;:,'ffi * "; J ffi ;l;;;; ei r e ffe cts :
;tr on ut th uil,n g"' an d th
Climate change Global warming

Diseases
D Displacement of
In"reased vulnerabilitY
Increased hu*q[n.tdq
Financial and
. Ur.*ploytnent and increased poverty
economic crisis
Food crisis
a Hunger and malnutrition
Increased tbod prices (especially
in cleveloping countties)
I Dispute s over I aLd-&Lpr9g}ctigl
; I".t#d need for renewable
Migratlon
Increased d.*q]4,I tttqYrg9l
global resqfl1ges aqg ional insecurities
Population growth St*i*a
Urbanisation
a
ffi risks , Health Problerns
loyrnent
o Increase d malnutriti on rate s, Unernp
a Income deficits
a Increased death rates
Health Pandemics
and infectious
t Development of resistance by viruses sg
to comb at infecqqggli
a Stroi,',ing weak and fi'agile stateqj]r lryr
rations and NGOs
Possibiliry of a one lobal communi
tation' robotics'
TechnologY i
bi otechnolo gY and ngotqg!1g}
Tabte 1,2 Intetnstionol challenges
antl their effects
m
lvnys ol'm:lnaging ctlnflict
within the international cornmunit.y
International conflict includes global as well
as regionar conflicts that threaten
community' conflict is negative the grobal
and leads to uiuiJn"*, chaos
conflict resolution is necessary and and destruction. Therefore,
can be achieved through the
fbilowing ways:
Good offices and mediation
special fotms
::ffX?,]|r'ff;f,".tj]'g 'f negotiations i' which a third parry ptays a role in
Artritration
or negotiation in which the invorved
#J:,i:,,Xi:nn parries serect the peopre to
reacl the
Unilateral setfl ement procedures

This is a resorution archived through
the Unitecr Nations security
councir.
Coercive procedures short of
war
which sees to the prohibition of
ffiJ: ;,;"JffilJ:solutio, ilre use of rhreat or fbrce ro
4
t: I a
I
1' Find out which conflict resolution

methodology was used to resolve
between Zimbabwe and Zambia the conflict
over territorial issue surrounding
victoria Falls.
2' Research and find any international
conflict from the past that was resolved.
Clearly outline the nations involved
3] Outline
b) how the conflict was resolved
TRUE OR FALSE
Indicate whether the statements
berow are TRUE or MLSE.
l' The relationship between Zimbabwe
2. AU is an irltentational organisation. and china is ref'erred to as bilateral.
3. Tl:c IMF focuses of'cnvirnnllcntal issues.
4. SADC is a lrranch of the Unitecl Nations.
5. Zimbabwe is a member of the Contrnonwcalth.
6. The United Nations aims at attaining worlcl
7 ' Tecltnology and population
p.rr..
growth or" .*unij., urinr.rrational
t'l' Arbitratio, canl.rot solve i.tJmationar challenges.
conflicts.
9'. Clirrratr: changu as an inte:r'natio'al
proble:rn c*n lu;rd tr: cliscascs.
10. Respect and torerance are
ways of rnaintairri,.,g r,ri"riratio,ar
rerationships.
@
Summary
. Intemational relationships can be bilateral or multi-lateral
. AU, EU, LIN and the IMF are examples of international bodies or organisaticlns
. International bodies have a purpose of developing and helping nations
politically,
economicallY and sociallY
. The United Nations is a large interrrational organisation that aims at world
peace and
security
. Population growth, technology, conflict, water and enetgy shor-tages, food secufity'
govemance, *igraiion, u.bonisution arrd food security are examples of intemational
problems
. Conflict resolution is any way of ensuring that conflicting states are resolved
Sovereignfy - rclf--govemanco or control

SustainabilitY - able to take care of itself; unable to be depleted
Teruorism - violence and intimidation
Diplomatic relations - political relationshiPs
Tranquility - harmony
Impartial - fair or neutral
Humanitarian - caring, kind and cornPassionate
Section A: i\'tultiple Choicc 15 Mnrksl

1. involves
A multi-lateral relationship countries.
A. I B. 2 C' many D' zero
2. What type of bilateral relationship does Zimbabwe have with China?
A. Trade B. Political C' Fnod D'Social
3. Which of the following is not a problem that affects intemational relationships?
A. Political B. Legal C. Economic D. Education
4. One benefit of a country in having an international relationship is
A. maintaining peace and tranquility
B. destruction of resources
C. colonisation
D. copying of morals -.
5, NGO stands for
A. Non Going OutPut
B. Never Giving Overdraft
C. Non Governmental Organisation
D, New Growing Organisation
Scction B; Structur.etl Qutrstious J l0 rnarksl
Explain how the following factors affect intemational relationships;
a) Legal
b) Political
2. state any two ways of managing conflict within the intemational l2l
communiiry.[2]
3. complete the following table on intemationar organisations and
their
functions;
t3l
0rganisation Function
IMF
EU
LIN
outline how thc following problenrs affect the international oonrrnunity;

a) Climate change
b) Poverty
c) Migration
tlrd\
t,I./
I
Irl ormso Values, Attitudes
I
2.1 Normso Values, Attitudes and Behaviours
OBJECTIVES
. identify factors that influence l1ort11s, values and attitudes
. discuss how norms influcncc bchavior-rr
Norms, values, attitudes and behaviour

A' intlividual's beliaviour is a conrbination of norms, values and atttitudes' Tltese are thc
attributes that shaPe a Pcrsoll.
Norms
Nornrs or social nonns rcf-er to lltc custortrs, rules or standards that are expcctcd in a socicty.
Examples of social nonxs inclLrde greeting pcople, apologising for any wrong doing. being
kind, asking for permission before doing anything, being thankful, dressing appropriately in
any environment and respecting the elders.
Values
These are the basic and primary beliefs that guide and encourage attitudes or actiorts' Examples
of values include integrity, respect, responsibility, sportsrnanship, servant leadership and
honesty.
Attitudes
Attitudes involve how a person rcacts towards anything, They are an established way of
thinking or feeling about something. The basic types of attitudes are positive, negative and
neutral.
Behaviours
Behaviour is the way a person or thing acts or feacts or conducts towards otlters. BelravioLrrs
are generally seen irt response to a particr.rlar situation or a s/irtttlrrs. Types of behaviours
include being optimistic, pessimistic, trusting and envious among others'
Factors influencing normso values, nttitudes nntl behnviours
Norms, values, attitudes and behaviours are influenced by different factors.
Soms of these
factors include the following:
Influencing
Norms
factor :.::T.TI
Group size The smaller the group, the easieiit,ffi
A larger society tends to relax on the practice of acceptable
non'ns.
Agreement Lack of agreement a,d harnony u*ffi

society distorts the practioe of norms.
Social status Ahigh social status is r-rsually met *iif, prais. t.t"*,r*
which makes individuals develop less regard "rd for norms.
Values Physical The environme,t has influe,ti* r*to.r ttrot *ffiIiJ
envirunment suclr as horrcsty and intcgrity in church premiscs or school
::'-:::*
Biological Parents and caregivers teach unalnutitt ,aluer t, rlrild**
In additio,. ore's upbringi,g also determi,es his or her
values.
Attitudes Direct The type, am.unt of u,,ork as u,eli;rim
instruction work is given and instructed determines the attitude that a
person shows in response.
Famil.v Fatnily dynarnics as wcll as status (social and fl"ar.ii)
can generate both positive and negative attitudes.
Personal
:----"-'
Past eve*ts and emorions determines the attitude one will
experience Itave whcn rnet.n'i[h the sarne situation.
Media This involves a clirect i,fluence on uttituae bur.d on il[il

influence, especially social media.
Behaviour Abilities One's phvsicaI and mental abilities creates a limit towar.ds
activities. Therefore, such limits can cnntrol or determine
the behaviour one exhibits.
Perception This is the way in which an individriiii**- -rU,ttr,,U,. L
an exarnple. onc who does not show interest in school work
develops a negative trehaviour towartls school.
Tuhle 2.1 Fsctors inflnencing nornts, t'olues, attitudes ond hehaviours
In addition to the factors listed above, there are other factors that are universal. Such fnckrrs
affect all the personal attributes of an individual arrd ar.e as tbllows:
Gender
This factor is based on whether one is male or f-elrale. It also involves the social anct
rTJ\
f--.1
behaviours that are
cultural differences that come with being male or female. Thus, ilrere are
and mischievous than their
accustomed to the gender of a person such as malesbeing naughty
female counterParts.
Culture
develops one into
This involves the customs and traditions that one is bound to, Culnrre thus
the cultural beliefs'
having set norms, values, attitudos and behaviour that is in line with
Age
grown up persoll can be
This is a factor that influences human attributes based on maturity. A
seen to display to display more responsibility than a young
person' This is because age comes
develop
with maturityand wisdom. Tlrerefore, one's nornls, values, attitudes and behaviour
as one gfows.
Religion
This functinns in almost the same way as culture. Religious beliefs tend
to create a desired
Religious
human character with progratnmed norms, values, attitudes and behaviours'
institutions thus indoctrinate a person'
Horv norms, Yaluss and attitudes influence hehnviour

of a person'
Attitudes, values and norms have a powerful influence on the overall behaviour
This is true as norms, values and attitudes collectively create and shape the behaviour
of
they are
an individual. Social values and norms affect the behavioul of a person because
of a porson
internalisedby a pCIrsoil uvct and ovcr ugain. This affects the views and opinions
as welI as his or her expectations. Some ,yp.u of values, nolms,
and attitudes, such as political
and economic attinrdes do not have a significant impact during childhood.
However, continued
starting
practice of such norms, attitucles and values creatc a significant and major behaviour
in early adulthopd which then become a deflning behaviour.
I
Exerclsc B r1
,i
{
Section Ar Multiple Choice [5 ]\{arksl

ll
L The primary beliefs that guide and encourage actions and attitudes are called
tj
A. values B. behaviour C. attitude D. nonns

2. can be influenced by family relations.
A. Values B. Behaviour C. Attitude D. Notms
3. Abiiities can be a strong effect on behaviour'
A. True B. False C. Maybe D. Never
4. Which of the following does not affect norns, values, attitudes and behaviour?
A. IntegrifY B. Religion C. Culture D. Age
5. Tiie following can influence behaviour except
A. attitudes B. values C. norns D. time
H
Section B: Strr.lcturcd euestiolrs f l0 lnnrkril i
I. What is behaviour?
2. Outline any one factor that affects the following; ttl
a) Values i
b) Behaviour
t2l
!
i
3. State any two factors that can ilrfluence norms.
4. Explain how personal abilities inflience a person,s behaviour? i2l i
5' Explain how the following affect a perso,'s behaviour; t2l :
a) Culturc l
b) Age
c) Ccndcr
.
t3l
2.2 f)ccision lVlaking
OBJECTTYES
. identify decision rnaking steps to addrcss problcnrs
. exarnine factors to consider in decision making
Decision making steps to address problems

The decision rnaking process has tnany steps. These steps help
one in making an intelligent
decision and are as follows;
Identification of the problenr

It is important to first identify and understancl the problem at ha,d. Identification
of the
problenr is important as it makes one fully unclerstancl the
situation or problem. If one fails
to identifu the acrual problcm then it is likely that one wilt take the
wrong action leading to a
wrong decision.
Gathering enough and relevant information

This is the act of finding out more information about the problem.
This has
to equip one with a relcvant basis upon which one rnakes an infonned choicc.theToo capacity
much
information or too little can also aflect vou. Theretore, one needs to be
cautious when gatheri,g
infbrnration and selecting wrrich ong is rcrevant or not.
m
Identifying the alternatives or choices
solutions to the
Having gathered relevant information, it is important to identify possible
probleinlA lot of options will come up and there is need to note them all down- This
will
create a list of choices from which to make a decision from'
Weighing the evidence

With multiple or varied alternatives, one needs to weigh the evidence for or
against each
and every alternative. When weighing out the evidence, there
is need to look at possible or
potential p itfalls or disadvantages for each of the alternatives'
Choosing amongst the alternatives

take atter having
This is the step where one needs to make a decision on which choice to
the possible
followed all the other steps. with every evaluation having been done on
decision'
alternatives, one then prepaies to make an informed and well considered
Taking actlon
When the decision has been made, it is tirne to act on it. In this step, one then does what he
or she has decided on.
Reviewing a decision
finding out if
After some time there is need to evatuate the decision made. This step airns at
goals or targets' In
the decision made has managed to solve the problen or meeting the set
addition, it is also impor-tant io rtotr how one can improve when making
ftiture decisions'
om
-'
Fig 2.1 The decision making
H
Factors to consider before tnking a decision
It is irlrportant for
one to consider influential factors when making a decision.
Suoh factors
include the fbllowing:
Factor Delcription
Past expcrience Good results support .rprii
bad results.
Cognitive level of thinking Developed .ognitiu.
cln the lw_el"of tlevelopment.
Individual differences Everyone has his or her iliidm
different people are bound pake diff'erent decisions.
!9
Belief in personal relevance This is whe, a, i,divid*al berieves in his or tr"i-d..iri*G
be better and relevant based on his or her status.
'.'....
Tuhle 2.2 Factors to consider heJ'ore tnking t decision
Conrmunication and Assertive Skills
OBJECTIVES
. dernonstrate assertive communication
' describe lrow assertiveness can counter pcer influcnce
Assertive communication
Assertive cotnmunication is a way of corrununicating in which
one is self:confld ent and, bolcl.
It makes oue to stay true and nraitrtain goocl principles and practices.
When ,ne is assertive he
or she says his or her fcelings in a direct and open way. However, the
statements should show
respect. Au example of assertive commutrication is r,lhen one boldly
refuses to be i,flue,ced
into behaving badly.
(
ffi rHAT )
\ __-/
Example oJ- hein g oss erti v e
@
How assertiveness can counter peel'influence
Assertiveness is a very good tool for behaviour change and
modification esPecially for
When one is assertive' he
adolesc:enfs. Adolescents face a lot of trying times and challenges.
able to;
or she becomes able to counter peer pressure or influence by being
. identify and speak out one's decisions directly
. base decisions upon good and personal values and opinions
. hold personal responsibility a1d avoiding being influenced by others
. confidently support ow11 decision wittr high self-worth and self-esteem
In addition, assertiveness also develops values that enable one to:
' couflter peer pressure and change or rnodiff behaviouf for the better
' inform perpetrators how stroug one is
' stoP many forms of abuse
. regulate other individuals on how to behave towards others
CROSSWORD PIJZZLE
CLUES
Across
1. How a person reacts towards anything'
2. A cornbination or norms, values and attitudes'
3. Rules and standards expected in a society'
4. What assediveness does to peer pressure'
5. Another l1alne for friend'
Down
1. An irnportant way of honouring elders'
2, What determines maturitY.
3. First step in the decision making process'
4. A quality of being assertive.
5. A behavioural way of resisting peer pressure.
FI
Sumnrary
' Nonns, values and attitudes al'e responsible for shaping one,s behaviour.
' Pcrsonal attributes can be affected by gendcr, dgo, icligion and
culture.
' Decision rnaking is a multi-stepped process that requircs analysis
and evaluation to come
up with the right decision.
' Assefiive communication is irnportant in fighting peer influence or pressure.
Adolescents - youths or tecnagers

Integrity - honesty
Internalised - adopted or mastcred
Stirnulus - motivation
Section A: Multiple Choice [S Marksl

l. A is an exarnple of a physical environnrent that develops
positive valucs.
A. prison B. playground C. jail D. school
2.Negative attitudes can develop due to difficult or demanding
A. direct instructions B. prices
C. cxanrinations D. values
3. which of the following is not a step in the decision process?
A Wcighing out tlrc available choices
B. Reviewing the decision made
C. Asking your parents to make the decision
D. Gathering enough information about the problem
4. is a quality that can be developed through assertive communication.
A. Self-confidence B. Fear
C. Softness D. Kindness
Peer pressure is mostly cornmon in
A. parents B. teachers C. adolescents D. pastors
Section B: Strur:turud euestions [10 marl<sl

Define the fbllowing tcnns;
a) Assertive conrmunication b) Adole.scents 12)
2. Explain how the following influencc pcrsonar varues,
a) Religion b) Education
3. Explain the'reaning .f peer i'fluence giving an example.
l2l
4. outline how past experiences corrtribute in clecision making.
l2l
L2)
5. How is behaviour influenced by norms. \,alues and attitucles'/
l2l
@
Understanding Gender
o ic
Gender-Based Violence
3.1 Cender, Cendel' Rttlcs rrnd Cender Stcrcotypes
OBJECTIVES
. explain the difference between gender and sex
. discuss 6ow sorne gender-based norms nrary be harnrful and contriblrte to
ger-rder
inequality
. identify some gender stereotypes.
Difference between sex and gender

yct thcy arc
Gender and sex are two tenns that are usulally misused to mean the satne tl-ring.
differcnt. The differeice betwcen gcnder and sex can be noted in the fbllowing explanation:
Gender
Gender rct'ers to.fbntininiql and mctscttlinit.y. This irnplies tlre roles of nren atrd
wotnen' Thcsc
that are based
are the roles that or. .o,lrtrr-rctcd by the society. Therefbre, gender are the rolcs
or related to either being a rnarl or a wolrlan without any referetrce to biological clifferertces.
Sex
This ret'ers to the biological categories of on cither being a utalc or a f'cmalc. This is dctcrnlincd
by nature when one is born. Sex rcfers to either one beirrg a boy or girl or being a wonlan or
a lnall.
Ciender ns n social construct

Sirrce gender are the roles given to nrasculinity and lbnrininity by the society,
it therefbre
is a social copstruct. T[is nrcans tliat only thc society can decide on which roles arc to bc
niasculirrc and are to be t'enrininc. The society does this by setting standarcls fbr rr,lasculinity
and fepripinity. Thercfbre, the society's bcliet.s, nonns, values and attitudcs are thc
thctors
m
that shape gender. Since societies are different fi'om each other, gender is also constructed
differently in each and every society.
Gender rolcs
Gender roles are the duties that are expected of lnalcs and females. These differ from
society
to society depending on the norrns of the society. The following are gender roles that
used to
prevail in societies and comtnunities but are not encoruaged as they create gender
inequality;
' Only men can be leaders, breadwinners, venture into politics and do heavy manual
labour such as hunting, building and mining. Both males and fernales can perform
these rolcs and there should be a balance irr such r.olcs.
' Only wonlcn uan tcnd to childrcrt and pcrtbrrl housu ulrorcs such as sweeping,
cooking, f-etching water, laundering and sewing. Both males and fbmales can perfbrm
these tasks and it is encouraged to share such roles so as to create and maintain
gender equality.
' Gender inequality creates imbalances across socictics by making one gender seem superior
to the other. Gender inequality is the process of limiting roles only to eitlrer males or females.
This is ltannfirl as it prevents individuals frorn assuming any roles t6ey desire. Therefore,
gertder equalih, should always be supported and encouraged.
(Jurrlcr stercotvpr,s
Genderstereotypingiswhenagenderisblamedfbraparticularbehaviour.Thereare individuals
in a society who strongly believe in certain roles ahvays being meant for either males or
fbmales' This is a general ne-qative vjew towards a gender. An example of gender stereotypin*e
is when stealirtg or fighting is blamed towards masculility. This Aiscrimination,
"."utrostereotyping
lowering self'-esteem and creating submissivc atritlldes. In arddition, gencler can
also involr/e some individuals in a society always believing in a leading role being taken ,p bV
a malc and not a f'ernale. Other societies have gender stereotypes that advocate fbr acade,ric
learnitrg being meant for males only and rrot for females.
Flxercist (l
Section ,{: Nlultiple L-lroice l5 Nlar.ksl
l. The biological difference between a male ancl a f-ernale is called
A. gender B. sex C. behaviour D. l'lorms
2. Gender is when a gender is blamed for a particular behaviour
A. value B. equality C. stereotype D. persoll
Gcnder can lead to harrnful gender irnbalanccs in a society.
A. equality B. balance C. society D. inequality
4. which of the fbllowing is not usually a f'ernale gcnder role'/
A. Cooking B. Sewing C. Building D. Sweeping
5. Gender roles are deterrnined by thc
A. attitucles B. values C. nolrns D. society
Section B: Structurcd Questions [10 marksl
Define the following tetms;
a) Sex
b) Gender t2l
2. State any 2 feminine gender roles in a society' t2l
3. What is meant bY masculinitY? t2l
4. Explain the term 'gender stereotyping'. t2l
5. Why are gender roles detetmined by the society? l2l t
3,2 Gender Based Violence (GBV)
OBJECTIVES
. describe the different forms of Gender-Based violence
, identisr the hamful consequences of Gender-Based violence
Different forms of Gender-Based Violence

Ge,der-Based Violence (GBV) can be described as violence that is done to an
individual
based on their gender. Such violence is found in four basic forms that al'e as
fbllows:
Physical
This is vioience that d.irectly affects the body of an individual in a physical manner'
material'
Examples include beating or hitting an individual using hands, legs or any other
Physical violeuce directly hurt the body and cause pain'
Emotional
Emotional violence is when pain is inflicted ol1 an individual resulting in hurting one's
feelings. This fornr ofviolence happens when one hurts another verbally such as saying
hurtful
words. It could be in shouting or continuous uttering of words or terms that are negative
towards an individual.
Sexual
This is violence that is perpetrated to an individual by means of forced sexual activitics.
Such
sexual
violence can be in the form of fondling of an individual's private body parts, kissing or
intercourse. Sexual violence or abuse can also occur when one exposes another to
sexual
activities such as showing or watching pomographic materials.
rffiI
râ.i
Economic
Economic violence happens 'when one ovelpowers the other in
the control of monetary
properties' This mainly involves depriving an indiviclual
of economic resources that are
necessary for sutvival such as money. It can rnostly be
scen when parents or caregivers deprive
children of money or giving them very little money or financial
resources. Economic viole,ce
can also be in stealing one's monetary posscssions.
Gender-Based \/iolence and uncqual power distrihution

GBV is caused by gender inequality as a result of unequal power dish-ibution.
uncqual power
distribution between men ancl women includes the rigicl gender roles,
nolms and hierarchies.
Tl.rerefore, promotion of gender equality can prevent thc
violence against women.
(-'onset;uurrts ol'(Je rrdr:r' llasrd Violcrrce
on lrrlrltlr
GBV has negative impacts and effects on inciividuals as shown in the
table below:
Health form I LOnSequence
Physical I. Injuties
. Physicaldisabilities
. Dcstruction of pl.operl.v -i arrrcl a.sscts
! vli'
.
| I --"-' "t
Mental -
Stress, depressiotr
. Low self-esteem
. Poor academic perforrnance
. Aggression
Sexual . Sexually h'anslnitted diseases, lntense fear.
Tuble 3,1 Effects of GBI' on heotth
JUMBLE LAT{D
Rearrange the Ibllowing words to come up lvith gender related
terms and explail their
rneaning.
CLUE. First letters of the words do not change.
I. VLENOCIE 2. NROM 3. EUTALIQY 4, SYETPEEOT
5. SEUXTYLAI 6. SXE 7. PLYICHSA 8. GERNED
9. STOCIEY 10. SOEPSU
Su nr rnary
' Gender is a social consl.tuc[ and gender roles are delermined by
the society.
' Gender stereotype is whcn a gender is blarncd tbr a certain behaviour.
' Physical, emotional, ecottomic and sexual are fonns of Gender-Basecl
Molence.
' GBV causes negative effects on the hcalth of an individual
rGI
L-./
(lloss:tt"\'
FemininitY - t'emaleness or girlishness

MasculinitY - maleness or boYishness
PromiscuitY - having multiple sexual relations
Depriving - stingy
L:.:::::.:.::
Section A: Multiple Choice J5 Marksl

1. The biological difference between a tnale and a female is ca1led
A. gender B. equality C. stereotYPe D. sex
2. STIs are a rqsult of associated GBV. ' D.

A. emotional B. physical C. sexual economic
3. creation of equal gender oppoltunities is called gender

A. inequality B' equality C' stereotype D, behaviour
A. Shouting B. I-ove C' Sex D. Hitting

5. Which of the fotlowing is no[ a form of GBV?
A. Religious B. Economic C. Financial D. Sexuat
Section R: Structurecl Questions ll0 rnarksl

L Define the term Gender-Based Violence (GBV)' 12)
2. Differentiate gender and sex' l2l
3. Give an example in rvhich thc fbllowing GBV ciln occur;
a) PhYsical
b) Financial
c) Finarrcial t3l
4. Explain the negative health effects of GBV' t3l
H
Hurnan Growth
ancl Development
Pu berty
OBJEC'tIVES
. dcscribc difi'crcnt typcs of changcs that tlccur in boys and girls at puberty
. discr"rss nrytlrs and ntisconceptions abuut pubcrty
Developmental changes
Thc htrrttan body gocs throLrgh lrugc ancl clcfrnirrg clcvcloprncrrtal changcs cluring pubcrty.
Tlrcsc changcs can bc classifrcd as physical, qrotional ancl social.
Phvsical
Thcsc arc bodily changcs tltat occur to an indiviclual. Sr,rch chapgcs arc
dcterminecl by thr:
biology of a persotl. Plrysical cltatrgcs arc clifl-crcnt in bot6 boys ancl girls such as belolv:
Boys Cirls
Dcvclopnrcnt of pirnplcs Dcvcloprrnent of pirnplcs
Pcrris cnlarges and tcsliclr:s gcl lriggcr Grolvth ol'brcasts
Gror.vth ol' pubic ltair Crowth of pubic hair
Broaclcning of' clrcst and shouldcrs Wiclcrrirrg of hips
O".p"n,ngffi C-t,w,hor Drtvatc Darls
bxpcrrcncrng lvct drcarns Mcnslrtrirtiorr
hble J. l illu.jor 1tlt.t,sit,ol t.hurtst:s luring puberr.1,
Emotional
'l'hcsc arc
dcveltlpntcntal changes that arc rclatcd to alt incliviclual's lbclings. Ernotional
changcs arc rcsponsiblc firr meiking an inclividual to bccorrrc nror.c cxpr.essively sensitivc
c'lulirr-{ putrcrty such as the fbllowing:
[]cing rnoody ancl casily anr_rcrccl (o,",crlv scnsilivc)
ffit
t'-.1
sex
' Developing a liking or attraction to the opposite
' Identity crisis (hying to create'a personal identity)
. DeveloPing conflicting thoughts
Social
interacts with others in a society. Such cha,ges
These are changes that affecthow an individual include :
are well noted in one,s attitudes and
behavioural patterns. Exa,rples of these changes
' Creating Personal identitY

a
. Wantiug more independence, especially
from pareuts
.Takingupmoreresponsibility(athomeorschool)andlookingfornewexperiences.
influence
' Developing communication based on media
Mytlts and nrisconceptions about puberty

Flowever, there are a lot of mistakeu beliel's'
The pubertY. Period is full of experimen[a[ions. real facts'
shows some of these myths against the
errors and about PubertY' The table below
PubertY facts
Prb..ty mYth or misconcePtion
A f"*rtt **.t swim or run or do any activity
A f.*"1. .*'clo anything and physical activity
cralnps
help reduce
during her Periods
pi*pt"t are a resrtlt of being unclean
Pimples are caused bY hormotles
for boys to experience sexual or wet
It is not nonnal for boys to release semen in It is nortnatrelease semen
dreams and
their sleep
Puberty takes tirne
Puberty takes Place ovcrnigh[
Pubcrty starts between 9-15 vears
l'uberty happens at the same time lor cvelyone
Table 4.2 Puberty facts and miscottceptions
Exercise I)
Section A: iVlultiple Choice [5 I\tnrksl
1. PubertY is a in the growth of boYs and girls'
A. gender change B.
develoPmental stage
I C. sexual change D. behavioural change

2. Which of the following is nota class of puberty changes?
1
1
i;
I A. Religious Social B.
a
C. Physical D. Emotional
girls'
3. is an example of a puberty change in both boys and
A- WA.ning of hiPs and chest
B. DeePening of voice
C. Growth of pubic hair and pimples
D. Menstruation
4' Developing the need to have more responsibilities at home or school
is a
puberty change.
A. religious B. social C. physical D. emotional
5. Wrong beliefs about puberry are called
A. values B. nofins C. misconceptions D. semen
Scction B: Structured eucstions tl0 nrarksl
l. Wrat is puberty?
2. Explain the following dcvcloprnental stagcs during p'berty; t1l
a) Emotional
b) Social
3. Cornplete the table below on the physical changes that occur in boys and girlst2l
during puberry;
l4l
4. Explain the tem 'puberty misconceptions'and give 2 examples.
Influence
OBJECTIVES
. explain peer influence
. state the advantages and disadvantages ofpecr
. identify ways to manage peer influence
Peer influencr
Peer influence, also relerred lo as peer pressure is when one is influenced
or encouraged to
do something by his or her fi'iends, associates or peers. [t targets
an individual in different
tbrms or ways sucir as physical, emotional arrcl mental. In most cases. peer
influence is forced
on a pcrson or is done 'uvhctr ottc is unawarc or not cxpccting it. An cxarnplc
of peer influence
is r'vhett a person is influenced to srnoke cigarette. t y fri.nJs or
being influencecl to fncus r:'
acadernic srudies instead of focusing ort sport or being influenced inio
attending chu-ch or a
particular religion.
Advantages and disadvantages of peer influence
peer influence is the practice of influencing an individual into doing something. It can have
below:
either or both negative and positive effects as shown in table
Advanta
Loss of direction and focus
Creates motivation one's views and PersPectives
Stimulates comPetition Promotes anti-social behaviour
Achieves set goals and ta Loss of identitY

Tsble 4.3 Effects of Peer ittfluence
Managing peer in{luence

since peer influence has positive as well as negative effects,
it is therefore necessary to be able
to manage it. Management of peer influence enables one to know
which influence to adopt
peer influence:
andwhich to discarJ. The following are some ways of managing
. choosing friends wiselY
' develoPingassertiveness
. seekin! aJvice from guidance and counselling and life skills leaders
' practising proper decision rnaking
. Getting support and information from others
MATCH MAKII\G
Correctly match the aspects of developmental changes in puberty on
left to those on the
right.
Influence into doing
something that is not
lanned bv friends
Wrong beliefs about
what happens during
pu
Social change during

PuberlY
dentity crisis (trying to
create a personal identitY)
A fernale physical
change during PubertY
m
Summary
' Puberty is characterised by physical, social and emotional
changes.
' Puberry misconceptions are usuaily driven by the need
to experinrent.
' Peer influence is highly experienced during puberty and
can be negative or positive.
' Management of peer influence helps to be assefiivi and have
self-control.
(llossan'
Misconceptions - false or mistaken beliefs

Adolescents - youths or tecnagers
Menstruation a process in f'emales where they ovulate
Senren - speflns
Peers - fi'iends
Section A: Multiple f thoice [S Marksl

l.Physical changes dur-ing puberty are controlled by
f'actors.
A. social R. eruotional C. biological D. religious
is influence into doing something by friends.
A. Peer inffuence B. Moral valucs
C. Behavioural patterns D. Adolescents
J, Which of thc following is not a puberty misconception?
A. Mensh"uation blood is dirty
B. It is not,ormal f.r boys tt-r release semen in their sleep
c. A fenrale cannot get pregnant if shc has scx during her pcriods
D. Boys can make a girl pregnant riur.irrg puberty
4. Another tenn tbr'wet dreams'in boys is
A. speflus B. nocturnal emissions
C. rnisconceptions D. attitude
5. is a way of managing peer influence.
A. Assefiiveness B. Peer pressurc C. Behaviour D. Values
Sectiorr Stl'urlurr:rl Qrrr:stions I I {} rrrlrlisl
l. [f efinc the fbllowing tenrrs:
a) Peer influence b) Puberty
c) Puberty rnisconceptions
)-. t3l
List any two examples of peer influence.
L2)
Peer influence can have advantagcs and disadvantages. Give
one examplc of
each;
a) Advantage b) Disadvantage t2 l
4. Explain what is mealrr by physical puberty changes.
iIl
5. Why is it impg:tflrt t_o nralrtgg-qeer influence,l 2
'fopic 5 Health and Well Being
5.1 Personal and Ertviroltnrental Hygiene
OBJECTIVBS
. describe the bcrrcfits of practisirrg good lrygiene
' discuss the effects of poor hygicnc practices
. identify proper ways of disposirlg wastc
. describe eft'ects of polluting the cnvirotlt.ttent
. iclentify activities that protnote cnvirontrrental hygiene
Benefits of practising good hygiene

personal itrrd
Coori 6ygio,c practiccs havc a lot of bcrrcfits. Such practices includc goocl
practicos arc
environrnental hygierre practices. Sonre of thc benefits fiom these good liygiettc
as fbllor,vs:
. Prevention of diseascs (such as cholera arrd dysentery)
. Maintenance of a clean and fresh body without odour
. prevents germs from growing in the body and causing hann (such as fonnation of
plaque or skin diseascs)
. Prevention of environurental pollrrtion
. Prontotes and attracts friendship
Eflects of poor hYgiene Practices

Poor hygiene practices afl'ccts the body in many negative ways as tbllows:
'Promotes diseases such as cholert and dysentery
. Pollutes and destroys the environtnent
. Repels and drive away ti'iendship
. Low selt'-esteem
rlt ffiI!
-.1
l]roper way$ of dlsporlng wastc
Humatl bodies produce waste iu matty ways. Many home activities such as cooking
and
cleaning also produce waste' If waste is left or disposecl wrongly it
can affect the environnrent
and cause diseases. Therefore the following ways of disposing waste
are encouraged:
. Incineration (for example, menstrual patls)
. Burying waste
' Making a compost with organic waste especially lronr t6e kitchen
. Throwing away at designated clumping sites
Flllrcls tl' pollu(ilrg tht environrrrelrt

Daily hutnan activities have an irnpact on the cnvironrnent. However, most hurnan activities
lead to pollution of the etlvironment. Environmental pollution causes
the following effects:
. Promotion of diseases
. Dt?struction of habitats
. Climate change
. Deterioration of fields
. Destruction of rnarine [if-e
;\ctivitics th a { pl.orrrotc crrt,i t-on rnen Itr I h.vgilnc

The environlnellt is very irnportant as it provides an atmosphere and losation for human
activities. It is important to protect this environment. This can be done as follows:
' Clcan-up carnpaigns
' Educational activities such as qniz advocating tbr environmental hygient:
n Community-based awareness programs on environnrental hygiene
" Practising safe ways of disposing waste
Drug rnd Suhstance Use
OBJECTIVES
' tliscuss sonlc of the risks assooiated with drug and substancc use
. suggest ways of avoidjng drug and substallce use
. outline sllpport systems for learners using dmgs
Risks associated with clrug and subs(ance usc

A variety of drugs and substances are used and abused by adolescenrs. Exarnples of such
cough syrups and cannabis (weed)'
drugs and sutrstances include alcohol, tobacco, cocaine,
the cotnrnunity. Sorne of the effects
such drugs and substances create risks to individuals and
of drug and substance abuse are as follows:
. Poor health (drugs commonly affect the brain lungs and kidneys)
. Memory loss
. Poor academic performances and school dropouts
and being
. Negative and destructive behaviour and attitucle such as bullying
disresPectf'ul
' Stress and dePression
Wlys of nvoidlng tlrug und suhstilllct' tlstl

practice of habits and
Drug and substance abuse can be avoided. This can be done through
concruct that prevents and contrors the use and abuse
of drugs and substances. This can be
achieved through the tbllowing lvays:
.Assertivecomlnunication(practisingself.control)
' Attending guide and counselling sessions
' Overcoming Peer influence
' Choosing friends wiselY
. Avoiding nredia influcnsc and expcrirncnting with dr"ugs and substances
. Opening up when sttessect or depressed to avoid finding comfort
in drugs
Support systems for learners using drugs

set in place to assist individuals
support systems are control and,r'ehabilitatiormeasures that are
in contrnunities
who abuse d"rugs and substances. such support systerns should be available
to assist drug anct substance abusers ,o ..*r... They achieve this b-v
providing altemative
rehabilitatiorr groups and
support, help ancl alternative solutions. Support systems include
(AA) gloup'
hospitals. An example of a support system is the Alcohoiic Anonymous
----x
,t
Excrcisc E
Section ,{: Nlultiplc Choice l5 N'tarksl
1. Good personal trygiene practices can prevent
A. death B' diseases C' growing up D' health
2. Environmental pollution is an example of a hygiene practice '
A. good B. normal C' Poor D' high
3. Wh[h of the following is a proper way of disposing waste?
A. Incineration B' Giving children to make toys
c. Feeding the dog D. storing under the bed
Drug and substance abuse is common during
A. adults B. adolescents C. menstruation D. society
is an example of a drug that is abused.
A. Cannabis B. Panadol C. Water D. Juice
rTil
[^L/
*1
Scctiorr B: Str.ucfurcd eucstiolrrr l0 nrnr,l<sl
f
l. Detine the following tenns;
a) Hygicnc
b) Waste disposal
c) Environmental pollution
2. outline how human activities cause environmental t3l
1
pollution. 12)
J. State any three risks of using drugs ancl substances.
4. why is it irnportant to avoid dr-,g and substa.ce
t3l
abuse,/
,.,.
Sexuallv Transnritted [nfccfinns (STIs)
OBJECTIVES
' exprlaitl con"llrlon symptoms of sexually transrnitted infectigls
(STfs)
. identify different ways to prevent STIs
Comtnon syrnptoms of STIs

Sl'[s aro difterent in naturc because of' thc tliffercnt pathogetrs that
causc the diseases.
Palhogens are disease causing germs such as bacteria. virus
and fungi. Such pathogens.affect
the hurnan body in different ways as shown below:
Pain, itching ar.rd tendemess in the geniial area

Small recl bunrps or tiny rvhitc blisters
Lllcers u,hen blisrers bur.st
a
Scabs (crusting of skirr as ulcers heal)
Syphilis Sores in the vagina 0l.anus
Skin rashes
Mernbrane lesiols (sores in the nrouth, vagina nr anus)
Thick green or yellow discharge rrom ilie;.gi,* p.ri,
Pain when urinating ".
Bleeding between ds in women
Genital warts . Srnall flesh-coloured or grey painle.r g.o*tt
penis, anus or upper thighs
. Itching or bleeding from the genital or allus
. Change in.the nomralflow o1'urine tgljlg1pl. flowing sideways
Thrush a nJ u,*i,g
I Thick white discharge with a yeasty smell
a Redness or swelling of the vagina and splits in the genital skin
a Stinging or burning when urin
Chancroid . Painful red coloured bumps in the genital atea
. Painful sores in men and less noticeable in women
. Inflammation of the urethra und ubno.mul vagBol diqgh
AIDS Fil-iik; symptoms (fatigue, fevero chills, sore throat, mouth ulcers)
Rapid weight loss and diarhoea that can last a week
Recurring fever or plenty night sweat and extreme tiredness
Sores of the mourh. anus or genitals and pneumonia
Red, btown, pink or putple blotches on or under the skin or inside the rnouth
or nose or eyelids and mem,o,ty loss alld dcpress
Table 5.1 Symplottts of STIs
Prcvention of STIs including tlI\r

activities'
STIs are tralsmitted thr.ough excharrge of blood and body fluids as well as sexual
AIDS
As such, STls can be prevented and controlled. However, it is not always the case with
as it can also be tratlsmittecl in nrany varied ways, STIs can be prevented as
follows:
. Abstinence
. Avoiding risky sexual behaviour and being faithful to one sexual partner
. Using protection during sexual intercourse such as condoms
. Regular and frequent blood screening atld check-up
Irtrportanr:tt ol' turly rlingnosil and lrt'attnent tll' Ii'l'lp

STIs affect the human body in different ways and at different rates. Most of the STIs
are
most people are
cur-able diseases except herpes ancl AIDS tha[ are caused by virus. Holvever,
shy to be diagnosed of STIs. Other, are even shy to get treatment when they
know or fcar
more
that they have these diseases. When STIs diseases a1'e left untreated they can develop
into incurable diseases that destroy the body and lead to death. It is therefore important for
individuals that are affected with STIs to be diagtosed of the disease(s) and receive early
treatment.
--i
I
I ,i
I Exereise F
I
! Scctiun A: Multiph' flhoiu* l5 NI;rrkrl

! r. srl are ffansmitted through B.
i A. sexual intercourse adolescents
I c. hugging D, eating from one Plate

i Z. Which of the following is not an STI? D.
I n Cancer B. Gonorrhoea C. Syphilis AIDS
I :. is an iucurabte STI.
i A-Ct*"t-iO B' Thrash C. Hetpes D. Syphilis
l_-_-_
l'ttl\
l,^-J
4. is the rnost efl'ective way of preventing STIs.
A. Prolniscuity B. Using condorns C. Abstinence D. Sex
5. Treatment taken by people with HIV is called
A. cannabis B. MMT C. paracetamol D. ART
Srcliou Il: Strtrc(ured euestions ll0 rrrrrr.l<si
l. State any 2 pathogens that cause STIs.
t3l
2. Outline the syrnptoms of the following STIs;
_ a) Syphilis b) Gonorrhoea c) Herpes t3l
3. why is it important to ger early diagnosis and troatment of STIs'i
t2l
4. Why is it importanr ro ger rested fbr HIV/AIDS? t2)
5. lixplain the effects of stigrnatisation and discrimination on people living
with HIV.
tzl
5'4 HIv and AIDS, stigma aild t)iscrinrination
OBJECTIVES
. statc ways of living positively with HIV
' discuss the negative effects of stigma ancl cliscrirninatiorr relation to HIV and
AIDS.
Ways of living positively with HIV

People who have HIV are said to be inf-ected with the virus whilst those
living with infected
people are referred to as affected by the disease. However, there are nrany
ways of living a
happy lifb and positively with HIV as lisred below:
. accepting thc uondition
' taking meclication as prescribed with.ut skipping or stopping
. eating healthy lbods
' prcvcnting sexual activities that add more viruscs into the body
' cornlnunicating and associating with fanrily and fiiends
. avoiding ways that can spreard the diseasu to others
NtgilfiYc collsoqu{:ltces rlt'stigluu :rlrtl tlistr"iluirrrrfiorr orr proplr livllrg nigr 1l},
Most people in the sociery tend to avoicl associating rvith people who are inf-ected
or affected
by HIV This sreates a negative view towartls infccted and affectcd pcoplc nrainly becausc
and affected people end up being
of misconceptions about the disease. Hence, infec[ed effects:
in the'following
,tigrrrutlr.d and discrirninated which can result
' lowers self-esteem
' destroYs self-worth
' causes stress and dePression

' develops suicidal thoughts and tendencies
. leads to drug and substance use and abuse
' causes one to give uP on life
'l-esting and nnti-retroviral treattrtent (ART) lbr HIY

sexual transmission. Hence, people oan
AIDS can be contracted in many other ways besides
get infected without knowing. Therefore, it
is advised to always go for HIV/AXDS testing
iegularly and start treatment if found with the virus.
tttjt"irry
ways require biood or fluids to
testing can be done in rnany ways. All o-f these
be taken rrom the body. The 3 main ways
of HIV testing are as follows;
. actual virus in the biood' It involves
ANucleic Acid Test (NAI) which looks for the
can be obtained from the lab after sotne days'
d.rawing blood from the veins. Results
. antibodies or antigens being made
An antigen or antibody test which looks for HIV
by the body Results can be obtained in 30 minutes
in oral fluids' It oan
. An oral fluid antibody self-test which looks for antiborjies
minutes'
Provide results in 20
Antiretroviral Treatment (ART)
This is treatment that is taken by people with HIV.
It can also be referrecl to as a,tiretroviral
therapy. This treatment involves taking a
combination of HIV rnedicines on a daily basis'
avoicl skipping taking the medicati-ol ot
ART rnust be adherecl ro and HIV patlents shoutd but
of taking it. However, ART does not cure HIV
changing the prescribed ways and methods
tives.
It treips rtw irrt rted people to live longer and healthier
I\on-Comm unicable Diseases
OBJECTIVES
.discusscommunicableandnon-communicablediseases
. outline prevention strategies for communicable and non-communicable
diseases.
rffil
l'^11
conrmunicable and non-communicable diseilses
These are the two categorics of diseases and they
are based on w6ether the disease can be
transmitted or not.
Communicable diseases
These diseases can also be referred to as infectious or
transmissible diseases. These are
diseases or illnesses that result from the inf'ection
by, presence and growth of pathogens in
humans or animals. Pathogens that cause communicable
diseas., .rr1" transmitted in ma,y
ways as shown by the table below:
Example of diseases Method of transmission Transmission process

Ebola. Chicken Pox Plrysical contact 'l'his is through dir.cct contact with
an
infbctious persolt or contlminatcd non-
living objects
Flu, tuberculosis, Airbome This happens rhrough inhaling il.,;
Corona Vims, Measles pathogens fronr the air
H[ViA[DS, STIS, This occurs through contact or exchangi
Bilharzia of body fluids or consumption of
contanrinatecl water or fluids
Ilepatitis Consumption This occurs when one .or,r,ra",
contaruinated food or beverages
Rabies, Malaria
This occurs whcn one is bitten by int-ectecl
insects or ticks. It can also be through an
inl-ected anintal.
Tuble 5,2 Comilunicqble tliseqses
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs)

These are also known as chronic diseases. These diseases
are rnainly caused by a combination
of genetic, environtnental and behavioural fbctors. Most NCDs
can be treated but they take
long peri.ds of time. The main types of NCDs are as lblrows:
Tlpe of non-comrnunicable disea." E:am.ple

Cardiovascular Heart affack and stroke
Cancers Cancer
Rcsoiratorv Asthma
Diabctes Diabetes
Table -\.3 Non_cornntunicoble diseases
Pl'cvctttion stratcgics tbt'comtnunic;rhlr alrrl non-conrrnunieairlc

discuscs
Notl-communicable diseases are caused by genetic. environmental
atrd behavioural factors.
Thercfore, besides the genetic tactor, NCDs can be prcvented
with good practices. They can
be prevented by the lollowing strategies:
. Reducing tobacco use and physical activitv
rd
a Healthy eating and avoiding the harmful use of alcohol
I Maintaining a healthy environment
1 . create a short play in groups of 10 each illustrating personal hygiene practices'

2. Organise and carry out a clean-up campaign at your school'
in groups
3. Role play ways of preventing peer influence through assertive behaviour
of 5 each.
HlviAlDS'
4. Discus and classify the misconceptions and facts about
WORD SEARCH
B A T H I N G S TN U
V A S T I G M A V o U
E x E R C I S E I V M
T B L o o D E T o L D
Y R A Z o R A I R E Y
H R S V P N I G H T T
o E w x I E A I D S R
I C U C E R C o R S E
D N C A R E o S I U V
D A N G E R C T N N o
V C A A A B A D K E P
below;
Follow the guidelines below to fiud words in the rvord search
1. A good health habit
2. To take water into one's bodY
3. Sharp object that can cause AIDS if infected
4. Makes one fit if done regularlY
5. A communicable disease
6. An examPle of an STI
7 . Prevention of cotnmunicable disease
8. Non-communicable disease
9. Contributes to abuse
10. Something not good
Summary
, health and well being
Good personal hygiene practices maintain good body
. by assertive behaviour
Drug a,d substan." *b,ri. has negative impacts and can be avoided
and avoiding negative peer influence
. STIs should b" diagnosed and treated early lo avoid complications
. ART should bc taken as prescribcd without changing or skipping
rffi\
i'^-J
(lloss:rrr'
Stigmatisation - making one f-eel disgraced, unworthy or disapproved

Pronriscuity - engaging in multiple sexual activities
Rehabilttation - healing, treatment or remedy
Diagnosed - analyse or detect
Antibodies - body soldiers to fight offpathogens
Scrtion ,{: Illultiph Clroice l5 tv-lurksl

l. Poor personal hygiene practices calt cause one to
A. attract more ti'iends B. presen,e the environment
C. repel and lose friends D. grow older healthy
is a way of resisting drug use and abuse.
A. Playing with drug addicts
B. Disrespecting parents
C. Taking little amounts of drugs
D. Overcorning pccr influcnoc
1
J. is an STI that causes bleeding during menstrual periocls in women.
A. Syphilis B. Chancroid
C. Herpes D. Gonorrhoea
4' Which of the following is an example of a non-oommunicable clisease?
A. Tuberculosis B. Bilharzia C. Influenza D. Diabetes
5 is an example of a communicable discase.
A. Ebola B. Cancer C. Diabetes ,. D. Asthma
Section B: Sfrrrrfur.erl euestions tl0 nlflrksf
t. State any 2 types of non-cornmunicable diseases.
121
2. Explain the tncaning of the following teflns:
a) NAT
b) Cornrnunicable diseases
c) Antibodies t3l
Coniplete thc table below on STIs;
t3l
STI Symptoms
Gerrital warts
Thmsh
Wright loss and extreme diamhoea
4. Explain the following types of cornmunicable diseases;
a) Air-bnrne
b) Vector-borne
tzl
ffiingChitd
Topic 6 Rights and ReqPq$tPiry
ffihts and Responsibilities
OBJECTIVBS
. explain the nreanittg of rights.and responsibilities
. discuss childrcn's iigtrtt in rclation to thcir responsibilities
Rights and corresponding responsibilities I.

a.d protect the dignity of all lrurnan beings'
Huma, rights are the standards that recoguise
of and ,rril lcmattts (rights)' Tlrey
addition, human rigrrts nrc arso ethicar piinciples .frccdonr to lif-c, libcrty'
a f'uil lit'c. Such rights include thc right
define thc trri,gs peoplc necd to rivc and freeclom
ecrucatio., fircedonr tio,r torturc or sravcr.y, no [,nisrrme,t without law
sccr.rrity,
of thought or belief among others'
cari also bc
is what is expected to bc do,e olan i.dividuar. Responsibilitics
Aresponsibirity
is assigned to do. Exa.rples of rcsponsibilities
rcgarded as duties or tasks trrat an inclividual tbr
include tiding r,rp thc rool.r.r. t^kirrg care of
sibli,gs, toot<ing after pets or being accountable
something.
Chitdrenos rights in relation to their responsibilities

also have rights that are specific t() :l"l:.,11:::
In adclitiorr to agroed human rights. cltildrerr
a'd age-appropriate needs that chaugc ovcr tttnc
as
children rigrrts covef their developr,ental care'
rigrrt to healtlr, education, tirnrily lit'e,
t'ey grow. sorne of the crritdren,s rights incruaeine from abttsc and
play and recreation, an adequate standard of living and to be protected
love,
hann. with each and every right trrat
children are entiti-ed to' cott'tcs a related respo,sibility'
that corne with every childre.'s right'
The table below Jo*, ,.rpo,iriullities
t'rrl\
i^t,l
Right Responsibility -
Family care, love and To show
protection
Clean environment To take oare for rr.,r.nr,io
Food Not io
Good quality education fo t"
Quality medical care To take .ur;;fu
to disease.s such as HIV/AIDS
Protection fiorn irbuse and To report;
neglect
Table 6.1 Children,s nghrs and rrrpoîUffi
6.2 Clrildren Wirh Disahilities
OBJECTTVES
' discuss skills that can be imparted on childre, with
disabilities
' explain ways of involving children with disabirities
' identi11, organisations rhar help children with
disabilities
Skills that can be imparted on children with disabilities

Many skills are required to perform the many tasks as individuals
go through their daily lives.
These tasks include eating, dressing oneself or
maintaining youi p.rro,r-ul hygiene among
othcrs' These tasks are perforrned with ease fcrr able boclied
children because clf their abilitics.
However, for children with special neecls, these lif'e skills
rnay be harcler to master. Therefore,
it is necessary for them to leam such skills. Some of these
skills are as follows:
' Personal hygiene and care such as exercise, proper rrutrition and self presentation.
' Financial literacy to assist in safeguarding money, reading time and making flnancial
decisions.
' Household skills to maintaiu safety, repair their householcl.
cleaning the house an6
shopping.
' Essential reading to be able Lo search for infonnation, read instructions and understan<l
important documents.
' Leisure and recrcation so as to partisipatc in social events
and go on vacatjons.
. Community living through education about citizen rights
and the law'
, jobs and work for their livelihood'

occupation skills so as to be able to look for
ways of involving children with disabilities

included in everyday activities
This involves ways in which children with special needs are
at home and school. This can be done in the following
ways:
. Being patient (allowing them to finish tasks at their own pace)
, Recognising boundaries (avoid insutting their disabilities)
. Involving thern in all activities
. Using a univcrsal languago (suoh as music to teach and cornmunicate)
methods that
. Practising inclusive education at school (including teaching
accommodate disabilities
' Giving them leading roles at times
'li
il
ii
Exercise G 1
.j
Section A; Multiple Choice [5 l\{arksl

1. Ethical principles of fi'eedom and entitlement are called
A. values B. principles C' responsibilities D. rights
2. Which of the following is not a child right?
A. Right to life B. Right to freedom
Rigtrt to a job
C. D. Right to education
3. A responsibilitY is
A. a promise to do something B. a duty or task
C. a human right D. what children do
A Prot..tion B. money C' occuPation LeadershiP
5. A related responsibility for the right to protection is

A. keeping quite when something wrong happens
B. reporting abuse
C. stealing from a thief
D. seeking revenge
Scction B: Structured Qutstions ll0 nrnrksl
1. What is meaut by the term entitlements? ttl
2. State anY flve human rights' [s]
3. Outline ihe related responsibilities to the following children's rights;
a) Right to education
tr) Right to good and quality health L2l i
4. List any two ways of involving children with disabilities. t2l l

6.3 Un.derstanding Consent
OBJECTTVES
. define consent in the context of relationships
. identify ways to express and ask for consent.
Consent and privacy

Consent in relationships is an agreetnent between thc involved peoplc.
It can be a written
or verbal'agreement' Cotlseut should alu'ays be communicated and agreecl
upon freely ald
clearly without force' Serual consent can be given to allow one hug
to or kiss. Sexual activity
without consent it regarded as rape, sexual violence or assault. Privacy
on the other hancl is
regarded as the state of being fiee of'any intcrfbrence. It inrplies
tSat one desires to be left
alone voluntarily.
llnportance 0l' sexual consent

Engagement itr sexual activities requires the participants to be in
full agreement prior to the
acti'ities. Thurctbre, therc is necd f'.r co,,nu.ication, honcsty and rJspoct to
ensure that
tlresexual relatiorlshipisconsensuctl. inacldition,askingforconsenta,dgetti,gitfieelyas
well as clearly shows respect for oneself as well as the partner. Seeking sexual
consent also
removes the thought and f'eeling that sorneone is entitled or privileged
over the other part,er.
This irnplies that neither an indiviriual's body nor sexuality belongs to
or is controllecl by
someone else.
llcspect firr our"bodics and oilru-pcoplc"s

Respect ftlr the body is an important process and is guided
by many processes. It is alscr
importatrt to respect otherpeople's bodies. Respect tbr the body impliesireutirrg
it with respect
and tlignity as well as rneeting its basic needs. This can be done in ,rruny
ways as shown in
the table belorv:
\Yuls of respecting olvn horlv l\itt's ol'rrspccting othcr pcoplc's hotlics

Abstaining front promiscuous activities Seeking consent for any activiry
Cornpli menting onesel f Avoicl ol'sl"op comparing rvith others
-
%
Wear clothing that is comfortable Positive comrnenting
Accepttng the bocly as it is
Flealthy eating and excrcising
Tohle 6.2 Yl/ay.s ,4 r"tr"cting the human botll,
riill
\^-./
Lack of consent is sexual violence
Any sexual activity should be basecl oil consellt. If there is lack of sexual consent between
the participants, the activities are therefore forced. Such forced sexual activities
violet many
involves
laws and are regarded as sexual violence. Sexual violence is a criminal offense that
forcing ,orrr.o* into sexual activities. Sexual violence or assault can happen in the following
ways:
Child sexual abuse

through
This is a form of child abuse that includes sexual activities with a minor. It can happen
minot,
fondling, intercourse, exposing oneself to a urinor, masturbation in the prescnce of a
producilg porllographic materials to a minor and sex trafficking'
Sexual assault of men and boYs

is
This is when rnen or boys are forced into sexual activities without consent. Such abuse
rarely reported because of social affitudes and stereotypes about men aud masculinity.
Intirnate partner sexual violence

This happens mainly with married people and is due to a partner's abusive behaviour' It
is
violence
when the one partner forces the other into sexual activities. Intimate partner sexual
can occur in all types of intimate relationships regardless of gender identities or sexual
orientation.
Incest
is staying
This is sexual contact between family members. It mostly happens when a relative
with the family but can also happen between tnetnbers of the same family.
Drug-facilitated sexual assault

Drug-facilitated sexual assault occurs when alcohol or drugs are used to cotnpromise, att
individual,s ability to consent to sexual activity. Drugs and substances make it easier for a
per.petrator to commit sexual violence because reduce a person's ability to resist. They can
ul.o pr*'u"nt them from remembering details of the sexual violence or assault'
Wuys of eommunicuting ns$ertively

Assertive communication is a way of communicating in which one is self-confident and bold'
It makes one to stay true and maintaip good principles and practices, When one is assertive he
or she says his o. h", feelings in a direct and open way. Assertiveness is an effective way of
communicating. It can be done in the following ways:
' Being direct
. Avoiding accePting everything
' Being honest
' Avoiding being imPulsive
. Being responsible
Excrcisc l{
Scction ,{: Nlultiplc C'hoicc l5 Marlrsl
l. Permission to engage in sexual activities is called
A. privacy B. nature C. incest D. consent
2. is an example of an activity that requires consent.
A. talking B. hugging C. greeting D. waving
3. Which of the following is a way of being assertive?
A. Being rude B. Being smarr C. Being naughty D. Being honest
4. is a form of sexual violence.
A. Incest B. Kissing C. Hugging D. Privacy
5. One can show respect lbr someone else's body by
A. Criticising their bodies B. Being quite
C. Passing positive comments D. Laughing at them
Section B: Structurecl Qucstions Il(] rtrnr.lisi
l. What is meant by the following terms;
a) Privacy b) Consensual l2l
2. Explain the tbllowing forms of sexual violence;
a) Child sexual violence b) lncest t2l
J. Givc an cxample of the fbllowing;
a) Long-t.erm effects ol child abuse
b) Short-term effects of child abuse t2)
4. Give any two reasolrs why children fail to report chird abuse. l2l
6.4 Chilcl Abuse
OBJECTIVES
. identily the different signs and symptoms of child abuse
' discuss different rctbrtal and support scrvicL-s tbr young people at risk,
Diflerent signs nnd synrptonrs of'child abuse

Most abused children fail to corne out in the open about being abused. This can be due to
intimidation fi'ont the perpctrator, fear of being-iudgod ancl laughed by others. In some cases it
could be lack of knowledge of being abused, what to clo when abused or fhilure to disclose the
abrise can be to protect the perpetrator such as a mother or father. The following table shows
/-rt+-t!
t^-.1
the signs and symptoms of child abuse alongside the possible form
of abuse:
Form of child abuse Sions anrl svmotoms

Physical a Bruises, abrasions and unexplained injuries
a Reluctance to leave school
a Rebellious or disobedient behavior
t Becoming uncharacteristically aggtessive
Sexual Knowleclge of adult issues inappropriate tbr their age
Frequent absence from school
Change in behaviour
Avoiding the abuser
Lack ofconcentration at school
Emotional Unexplained changes in behaviour or personality
Becoming withclrawn
Seerning anxious
Lacks social skills and has few friends, if any
Poor bond or relationship with a parent
Self-harm or suicide attemPts
-
Bonowing tbod, stationery and money fi'om peers
Economical
Lacking food to eat at scllqol
Ttble 6,3 .figzs ard,rymptoms ol'child sbusc
Negative eflects of child alluse

short-term which
Child abuse can affec[ a child in many ways. The effects can be classified as
last for only a short period of time and long-tenn effects that can last
for life'
Short term eflects

. Depression, anxiety and being violent and angry
' Low self-esteern
. Engagement in riskY behaviour
. Separation from friends or Peers
. Poor grades and skiPPing school
Long-term effects
. Re-victimisation (being abused again when older, especially women)
. 'Mental health problems such as post-traumatic stress, anxiety and depression
. Alcohol and substance abuse
' Aggressiorr, violence and criminal behaviour
. Homelessness
Referrals flnd support systems
they need help so
Children who are exposed to child abuse are subject to a lot of effects. Thus,
as to get through the abuse and survive a nomral life after the
abuse. This help is provided by
or long-term
referral and support systems that assist child abuse victims not to suffer the short
effects of the abuse. Support systems in Zimbabwe are as follows:
' Mctim FriendlY Unit (VFU)
f'B;ll
l'^-..,l
. Ciirl Child Network (GC'N)
. UNICEF Zirnbabwe
6.5 Fintling Help nnd support
sources of help and support tor young people in the community

Youth are faced with many situations as they grow and iail to
share or seek assistance from
their l-amilies. Therefore, eaclt and every community should have
a support system for youlg
pcople' SLrch systems providc and assist thc youths with inrportant
liib skilts. A cornrnunit!
can therefore create the following tbr the youths:
. School education systems
. Religious churches
. Litb skills training canrps
' FtltLration of yotrths and neightrourhoorl fli"ienclly cprpmittees
. Inviting litb skills coaches to the communitv
. Girl child friendly units
Role of' difl erent $ervice provirlers

There are nlany service 1;roviders in the conrlunity ancl countrv
as a whole. Such ser.,lice
providers offer varied help as well as pertbnn varierl roles. The
table beiow shows sonre
seryice providers and their roles:
Service provider Role/ function or duties

Child care professionals They assist in child care and health aswell urlt ei, *.tt_
[.:lg-
Churches and spiritual organisations They provii. rpliiffii;-*i..r-il1i,* *rt, *l,gro, . -
Cultural organisations They erlucate people about the .uiru.*, nonns -n.t
traditions of the community
Counselling services I lrey assrst with substance abuse, domestic violence,
fnanciSl and leg*al ser-vice,s
L lothlng servloes They pnrvide rhe corrununiry with cloahing
Crisis intervention Thcy assist in crisis and dispute resolution
Health serviccs These include cli,ics a,d hospitals that proria. t .uttt
%
ggrrry!:*"qg.rullr*_ _
Libraries They pr"riG
rnatcriuls lor thc cornryyltlty
li'anspor-tation They provide transport
in thc communitv "rLiriffi
Youth serice organisations They provide teaching and rnentoring *.,vi.iJ f, tt"
yo.uths such as boy and gjrl s,couts
Table 6.5 Roles ofservice providers
Iltr;rorf:rnl,:c ol' sceliilrg hclp :urtl t11;p;1;;1.1
@
Young children rlevelop many aspecls on a daily basis as they grow.
This is a neoessary
process that allows them to grow into adulthood. However, they cannot achieve
ftill growth
tn their own, This is because the youths are faced with many life challenges and situations
Therefore, it
they cannot handle on their own. Hence, they need to seek for help and advice'
is important for an individual to seek help and support because:
. It provides solu+.ions
. It lessens the burden
' It prevents drawbacks and downfalls
. It stops perpetrators from victimising people
' It prevents future Problems
.\utivities
1 . Discuss the im'portance of children rights and responsibilities as a class.

Role-play a drama that shows the importance of consent. Also illustrate
how to
Z.
report sexual abuse in the abuse.
help
3. Visit any local life skills service provider in your area and note how they offer
and supPort.
SORTAND CATE.GORISE
l'rovider \ole ofservice

llrovitltt's
Sort the list below into correct categories of service provider and their roles
Libraries; They provide transport vehicles for any activity or event in the cornmunity,
that provide
Churches ancl spiritual organisations; These include clinics and hospitals
health care for the community; counselling senrices; They educate people about the
culture, nolms and kaditions of the community; Clothing services; They assist in child
spiritual
care and health as well as their well-being; Crisis intervention; They provide
se.ices in line with religion; Child care professionals; They provide the cornmunity with
youths
clothing; Health services; They provide teaching and nrentoring services for the
and recreational
such as boy and girl scouts; Transportation; They provide educational
reading *ut..iulr for the cornmunity; Youth service organisations; They assist in
crisis
abuse, domestic
and diJpute resolution; Cultural organisations; They assist with substance
violence, financial and legal services
Summary
rffiT
l,^r.l
Children have their own rights but should also be able to be r-esponsible lor the rights [hey
are given
Inclusiveness is important when dealing u,ith chilclren with disabilities so as to do away
with stigrnatisation
a
sexual activities without consent are regarded as sexual violence
a
Child abuse has ntany effects on childrcn whieh can be short-tenn or long tenu
a Support services and systems are important in a community so as to help ancl support the
youths
(ilossnrl'
Entitlements
Disability - a body condition that makes it difficult to do an activity
Consent - agreement
lncest - sexual relations between people who are related
Perpetrator - someone who perfoffns a harmful or immoral acl
lntimidation - act of causing f'car
Ser:tion ,,\: Nlultiplt {lhoicc 1\lrrksl

l. Children right are responsible fbr covering the ir
A. sleeping B. school C. developmantal D. holiday
2. which of the following is not a way ot'rcspccting the body of others?
A. Seeking consent B. Positive commenting
C. Encouraging to be self-confident D. Laughing
3. Negative comments towards disablecl children are called
A. happiness B. criticism C. encouragement D. positivr
4. Sexual consent is in the form of a agreement.
A. signed B. enrotional D. written
5. is a form of child sexuai abuse
Beating using a stick Shouting at the child
Exposing oneself in fi'ont of a rninor Depriving a rninor of rnoney
Sectiorr Structul"ed Qurstions Il {l rrr:rrksl
t. Define the fbllowing tenns;
a) Economical abuse b) Special needs l2l
2. Idcntifo any threc selice providers in a cornrnunity and the services they
offer. i3l
3. List any three skills that a disabled child should develop. t3l
4. What is the importance of support systems f'or children u,ho have been
abused'/ t2l
@
Educational and Career
Topic
\**-- ". - ;* "."--- ."-
7.1 Stucly Skills
OBJECTIVES
Learners should be ahle to:
. iclentify ways of prcparirrg fbr exarliuntiotts
. describe ways of rlanagitrg hotne work
. discLrss thc inrporton..-orpreparing tbr cxanlirlntions
and kecpirrg to a timetable
Study skills
Study skills are stratcgies and approachcs th.t onc c,rploys
whc. lcarning. Thcy arc vcry
Study skills involvc thc proccss
crucial fbr one to be successtul in acaclerrric studies arrcl irr lif'c.
atrlc to rctititt atrd ltsc it'
of organising and taking in ncw infbrn-ration bcing lcarrrt and bcing
arrd c:omstetence. Exunplcs of study
Such skills are usefu'l ni th.y increase one 's confidence
skills include the tirllowirrg:
. cetting organiscd tbr sturclying arrd finding time to study
. Ell'ective reading and note taking
' Creating a studY schcdr-rle
' Cetting consistent sleeP
. Joining stucly groLlps artd creating sttrdy gtrides
Preparartion t'or exatrtinations

people- Howcvcr. they can bc-
Examinations aro sonrervhat of a diliicult challcnge tbr rnost
in tinre' There arc lllelny ways of
tackled snroothly if one preparcs tbr thenr properly and wcll
-fhc major ways of prcparirrg tor cxanrittatiolls al"c us ftlllclws:
preparing for an examinatiorr,
Reading textbooks and notes

to bc written itr the
This involves studying based otr the textbooks that relate to the subject
and also learning books wherc
exatnination. Such tcxtbooks arc thc nrainly revision books
proccss arc also rcad
therc is nced for rnore iutbrmatiorr' Notcs taken during the learning
during this stage. Such notes help irr revising and one
can also adcl to the notes during revision.
lt also entails creating of revision notes fi'orn textbooks and
classroom notes that are easy to
understand' Reading for an examination is guided by
revision and then reviewing.
Attempting past examination papers
Tlris is very important as it helps to have an idea of how
examination type questions are set.
Past examination papcrs allows one to leam how
to tackle a qucstion in an examination. It also
gives practice on time management per given question
in an examination. Attempting such
past examination papers is a way of conducting
selt'-assessment ancl help to improve befbre
facing the acfual examination' Hclwevcr, therc are other
methods of examination preparation
such as having enough tirre to study and ensuring that thc
study space is organised. Making
use of fltlw charts and diagrams also helps. Engaging
in discussions with ot6ers in study
groups also helps' It is also vcty tnuch vital to havc
legular breaks and getting enough water
aud sleep' Finally, plannirlg ol1 the day of the exanrination
is as equally ilportant as the other
stcps.
Honreworl{ rnfl nflgcmen t

Homework is irnport for learning' This is any work assigned
to be cornpleted when thc learncr
is at home' It is important as it enables leamer Lu revise
leamt work l'rom school a'd also to
prepare for lbrthcorning lcarning. Hotnework rcquires
proper lrlanagelnent as onc is exposed
to matry distractiotrs at home. Therefore. the tbllowing
ways can be iinplementecl i' managi,g
hornework:
' Understanding thc assigned work by asking lor any clarifications

fi.onr the teacher
lrefore attempting the work.
' Statting the work as soon as possible or even rnake use of
study periods when still
at soliool.
' Time allocation and management so that homework time
cloes not mix.up with any
other responsibilities ar hornc.
' creating aworking environment in a quiet place that does not have any clistractions
' Tacklirlg the challenging tasks first ancl alu,ays move fonvarcl to
avoid being stuck
at one task.
' Taki,g short breaks so as to avoid straini,g o,eself.
' Seeking assistauce fiom the teacher, tutor, classmate or famiiy
members where
necessary.
lnrlrrlrtlnt'r ol'nrlhu'irrg tu a studt,or l-rvisitrr tinrcl:rhlr

A revision tirnetable is a plan of action on how one is to be canying
out his or her rcvision
studying tbr leaming purposes or preparation for examinations.
Therefore. one can create a
study plan which enables one to see how study tirnc is spent.
Adhering ro a stucly timetable is
important because it makes one set asicle enough time outsicle
of class for studying. It gives
ample timc tbr activities such as to complete honrework,
study for tests, and review and retain
the information being leamt.
rfi;I
\IJ
7.2 Choosing a Career
OBJECTIVES
' identify career choices
. discuss qualifications for various careers
. participate in career exhibitions
Career choices
people lrave rlifterent choices and preJbrerrces. A career choioe is a job or occupation that an
by factors such
individual choses or wishes to pursue. Career choices are usually influenced
as parental guidance , vocational guidance, identification with
admired figures (ro1e models),
Examples of
triat or partltime jobs, training opportunities, personal interests and ability lesls'
areas from which one can make a career choices are as follows:
' Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

. Architecture and Construction
. Arts, Audio/ Video Technology and Conmunications
' Education and Training
. Government and Public Administration
. HospitalitY and Touristu
. InfonnationTechnology
' Manufacturing
. Scieuce, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Qualificfltions for various careers

from individuals
Every occupation is unique in its own way. Thus, careers require special skills
so as to be comptltent and able to perform required duties. For an
individual to be cornpetent
Every
in a career path, there is need for skills training and obtaining a certified qualification'
career requires its own specific qualification as shown in the list
below:
Career path Qualilication(s)

Education and trainirtg @
Health science Diploma or degree in medicine practices

Finance D ploma or degree in acco%
@
Diploma or degtee in audio/ video technology and
Entertainment art5 communication
Table 7.1 Cat'eer paths ond the requltetl qualltication(s)
m
Career exhibitions
A sareer cxhibition can also bc reforred to as a oerrecr fair clr a job fair career
or expo. It is
an irnportattt event where people can get more infonnation about
their career paths choices.
Organisations give more infonnation about what they do and the jobs
they offer as well as
their duties. It also involves employers and recruiters meeting wiitr poteniial
employees or
people interested in joining their organisations. In addition,
a career fair creates a platform
where job seekers find more aboutjob openings fi'om potential
employers. Career.fairs can also
be done at a scltool as organisations visit school nnci nreet face-to-face
r,vith students. Career
fhirs are a grcat way for students to meet rcprcsentatives of cornpanies
they are interested in
leaming about or working for. In addition, career fairs also presents
an unmatched opportunity
for talent finders to promote their organisations and compete for-the
best available resourc., uni
cotrttect directly with prospective employees.
lrrovide employment and career.intbrmation.
l,lrcrcisc I
Section r\: Nlultlple Choice l5 N{arksl

I' Approaches that are used when one is learning are called
skills.
1
A. value B.principle C. study D. copying

2. The two lnain study skills are and
A. sleelling and eating
B. reading textbook and copying
C. studying past examination papers and sleeping
D. sfudying examination pares and reading textbooks
3. Which of the following does not help with stud-v-ing?
A. Noto taking
B. Sleeping more than reacling
C. Effective rehding
D. Oryanising the study area
4. Choosing a career is based on personal
A. wealth B.pref'erences C. hatred D. achievements
5. Infounation aboutjobs nnd oareer paths can be found at a
A. career t'air B. rnuseum C. shop D. church
St'ction B: Structured Questions [10 rnarlisl
l. Wlrat is rneant by a rcvision tirnetable,/ tll
2. State any hvo reaso,s why adhenng to a stucly timetable is important. t2l
3. Explain the in:portancc of study skills. t2l
4^ Explain the meaning of the following terms;
a) Career path
b) Qualification
c) Career exhibition
I3l
i
5. State any two things that influence career choices,/

t2l
,
rrrl
t^-.J
.{ctivitics
1' Design and create your own study timetable that you would
use in preparation of
examinations.
2' Conduct a career exhibition at school with the assistance of your teacher.
Summ:rry
' Study skills are itrrportant and they help one in reading effectively
and eftriciently
' The ability to apply financiar skills is called linancial lit..u.y
' Financial literacy helps one to save rnoney and use it wisely
('ilossrtrv
Self'-assessment - analysing personal perfbnnance and abilities

Vocational - occupational
Prospecfive - potential
Section Multiple flhoice l5 Nlarksl

l.Study skills can develop one's
A. fitness B. energy C. competences D.
2.A can assist in exarnination preparation.
A. liomework B. timetable C. sibling D. career
3. One can manage homework through
A. waking up at 3am to do it ffieerearlyinlife
C. creating a sfudy envirorunent D. copying fiom other learners
Examinatiolt preparation can be done by adhering to-a
A. teacher B. tirnetable C. study partner D. sibling
5. is a benefit of being financially literate .
A. Reduction of financial expenses B. Running losses
C. Making a million dollars D. Borrowing loans fiom companies
Sectiun B: Stnrctrrred euestions [10 luarksl
l. Explain the following terms:
a) Profit b) Loss 12)
What is the irnporlance of financial literacy,/
Explain the benefits of the following cclncepts;
l2l
a) Saving money b) Earning lnoney
Explain the irnportance of a career exhibition.
t2l
why are study skills ir.portant in preparing for an examination? l2l
l2l
m
Topic I itizenship
a
8.I Citizenship end Imrnigr.ation

>------:-5
OBJECTIVES
Learners should be able to;
' s.tatc theriglrts and responsibilitics of a
citizclr
' disc.uss the importa*ce of rights
. explain irnmigration
and responsibiritics
Rights and responsibilities of a citizen

Citizenship is constituted by three
elcnrents which are civil, political
to know one's rights so that if people anil social. It is inrportant
try to take them away or violet
position to stop thetrl' Riglrts arle thenr one can be in a
tieeclonrs that
Respo,sibilities are duties o. things o*i. rrave and they are protectpd by raws.
that individuutr rtroul,tdo.
their rights are and respect the rifhts Responsible people know what
ofothers. nigrrir r,ra r.rponribilities
the law and the crtn'stitutirtrr' The-following are guaranteed by
are exarnplcs of rigSts of citize.s:
Citizen Rieht
Miltchins; RRosponsibili
Right to equality
To acccpt othcrs *ithoutl@r1g
Rigl',ttofr""ao*@
Right to citizcnshi flor1oviolnt.,l,"ffi
Right to protection by statc t" p,'?$ql_aryt oQ-s
Righttoidenrity;m Not to perlbrrl .rinrirotl.tiilil

docurnents -'-' -""'D Toavoid riol.tionffi
Riglrt to law before any punisliffi To rcspeot tlic justice system

Righilo vote
ancl law.nf*il
i:jp_ate irr thc clenrocratic
Itight to frcc'donr
"l;m fob"rcspecrfut "am
Right to a ruituUl". criffiil To pracri cc a.ti, iii",iiffi
?n$. ?vgid :Ivironrnentai pollution
ftfile 8. t Rights ani respottsibifities of citiT:i,i:s
A
lrnportnnce of rights and respon$ibilities better' In order
are irnportant because they help rnake communities
and responsibilities
Rights
of a community, must understand and live according
good citizens of members 'ne
to be
tb,owing illustrate the importance of rights and
to the rights and responsibilities. Trre
responsibilities of citizens'
Social Control
a g,ide to human conduct and
relationsrrip in the society' Therefore'
Rigrrts ancl dnties serve as
themselves in the society'
that set by rights and duties enablc citizens to control
rimits ar.e
guarantee peerce in the srciety' In

addition' they help
they rrelp.to
ffi rights are respectecr,
,o .rr.,.J politicat stability in the society'
Discipline .,- ^ r^,.. rhor.a

in turn have the
obey the law, there will be discipline in the society. This
when citizens
society'
potential to guarantee an orderly
Causes of irnrnigration a foreign coutttry'

process by rvhich people (inrn-rigrants) move a,d rive in
.nmigrati.n is the country' An
rcgarded as the of relocating psmlanently to a foreign
p'ott"
It can also be
due to tnany
exampleofimmigratior.risrelocatirrg.p",*'1i"-".]J^j,o*ZimbabwetoSoutlrAfrica.The
immigrants is sccn to be increasi:g every year acros:
nuurber ot' -tl-:-*"nd a'd political
economic' social
is caused by a variety of t'actors incruding
reasolls. Immigraiion
causes such as:
factors. The list below gives the
' Fiilding better work opportuirities
'To be with their spouses or families
' Better livirrg conditions
' Ttl get the better education
i
Exr:rcise 'l
Sectiotr ,\: Nltrltiple flhoice [5 I\'lrrksl
l. A Persou is made a citizen.bY
C. binh D.
beliefs
A. culture B.
iiiends
to live. in another'
is moving from otre coutitry
Z.
B. Vacation C. StudY D.
Imnrigration
A.
TriP
have are called
3. The freldoms that citizens D. rights
A. responsl
C. duties
is not a citizen right'
4.
B. Right to man'iage
A. nrght t" tieedom ot sPeech the state
culture D. nignt to Protection bY
C. night to education and
@
5. The right to makes a person to be responsible for developing
one's country.
A. education B. religion C. speech D. law
Section B: Structured Questlons Jl0 nrlrksl

1. Define the following terms;
a) ResPonsibilities
b) Citizen t3l
2. Explain the following importance of rights ancl responsibilities;
a) Social control
b) Peace
t4l
3. Identify any two rights and state their matching responsibilities' t4l
Volunteerism
OBJECTIVES
. list acts of volulteerism in the community
. demonstrate acts of volunteerism in the community
Voluntary work in the communitY

Communityvolunteeringispartakingir'rsocial,charitableandenvirontnentalactivitiesforthe
or a group of individuals'
commuuity on a voluntary basis. It cau be done by T individual
for positive social
It is donc in relation to the human need of helping others and to advocate
and make it a better place' I1
causes. Volunteerism makes one condect to ihe community
the fanrily as well as the
addition, community volunteering benefits the one who volunteers,
cause one chooses io help. This ls because helping out
with the smallest tasks ca, make a
real difference to the lives of people, animals and organisations
in need. The following are
examples of how one call volunteer in the community:
. to clean the environnlent
' helping at the local library
' being a chaPerone a field triP
. volunteering with a iocal non-profit organisation
" helping at an animal shelter
' assisting at a cornnlunity centre
rTilI
\.-i/
.{clivitirs
irt rrrrrrarr r r r rr,rrr .
- r:
1. Discuss as a class on the reasons why someone's

citizenship can be renounced.
2. Carry out a survey of your local community noting
down areas that require
maintenance by its citizens. organise a campaign on
encouraging peopre to
participate in voluntary work of maintaining the
community areas you would have
noted.
WORD SPLASH
Choose l5 words lionl the list be low that relatc to citizcnship and voluntcerism.
ENTITLED BUSINESS DESCENT PROCESS STUDY CITIZEN

BILATERAL VOLUNTARY CAREER IMMIGRATION LEGAL
COMMUNITY POSITIVE BIRTII RESPECT WORK BENEFIT
VOI,UNTEERINC TOLERANCE CITIZENSHIP HE,ALTH
GENDER
IMMIGRANTS F'ORMS IDENTITY CHALLENGES REGISTRATION
LOW RESPONSIBILITIES LITERACY RIGHT RIGHTS
Su m rnal't'
' A person can be nrade a citizen by birth. clescent or registration
' citizen are entitled to rights but also havc rc,sponsibilities that corne
along with sgch right
. Voluntary work can be done to better the community
' Itnttrigration is caused by various reasons such as seeking abetter
lifc, peace and education.
(lkrssarv
Citizenship - residency or trationality

Constitution - a bod,v of fundarnental principles or established
precedents according to which a state or othcr
orgarrisation is acknowledged to be governed
Entry permits - documents that enable one to pass through to another
country
Sectlon A: Multiple Choice [5 Marksl
1. is the nationality of an individuat'
A. Inmriglation B. Bifih
C.CitizenshiP D. Constitution
performing ilipful duties in the community at one's own will is called
A. homework' B. working C' voluntarism D. career
of rvork in the
3. Helping children cross the road is an example
communiff.
A. paid B. voluntary C. involuntary D. expensive
4. of voluntary work
is a benefltt of
A. Being promoted at work -
B. Connecting witli the societY
C. Getting good grades at school D. Living for a longer Period
5. A person immigrating to another coun[ry is called
an
A. amateur B. insolent C' immigration D. .immigrant

Section B: Structured Questions [10 marksl
1. Give any two reasons why people immigrate?
l2l
?,, What is voluntarism? t2]
3. State any twg ways in whish one can do voluntary
work in the couununity' t2]
4. How clo rights and responsibilities maintain discipline
in a community? i2l
5. Explain why officials ut boarder points check for
travel documents? l7l
Topic I Management of Resources
and Assets
i-,--
Mainte nance of Propert
OBJECTIVES
a
identify areas that neccl r,airtcnance i. thc c.r,,runity
a
dernonstrate nraintenance- of propcrty in tric .,,,.,-,n.,,,nity
Areas that need maintenance in the community

cortttt-tunity facilitics inclLrde public and scnri-public scrvicc-s
t6at are opc, to everyonc in
tltc ctlt.t-tlllrrnity' Thcsc fircilities proviclc assistiincc. rccrcation
or cclucati.n to the citizens.
Carins fbr proPci-ty is an intportant
1;art ivhich is rvithin thc norrls arrcl sr.rcictal cxpectations.
It is evcryollc's rcsponsibility to havc s0cialll,cxpcctc<J behaviour
that cares lbr comniurrity
propcrty' [l'rallrplcs ol arclts that rrccii ntuirrtcnarrcc r.vitlrirr
a conlr]rLrnity inclu4c libraries,
scttior citizcns ccntrcs, n-recting roonrs. lrcalth clinics,
rlcve lopcd parklanciancl schools.
Conrnlunitv responsibilitl, tor propcrtv

Cottttttttnitic's arc givcn lircilitics and propcrtics by tlrc statc,
country 6r c.lonors. s,ch propertics
proviclc lilrthc hcalth' rvc'lfitro, social, cclucatiorral.
spiritual, rccrcational, leisurc and cultural
nccds tlf'tltc cottltlttnity' Thc cotnrttunity shoulcl thcrlctbrc
bc rcsponsiblc tirrtlrese propertics
bccattsc thcy play atr illptlrtant rolc. Thcy dcvclop a
vibrarrt ncighbourlroot] by creatirg a
scnsc of placc arld providing opportunitie's lirr pcoplc
to rnect and intcracr socially,
Ilrollt l'tr, lttltirrl flltncr
Propcrty tttitilttcnancc irr tltc cotttrnunit,v- is tirc cluty ancl
rcsponsibility of cach incliviclual
witlrin thc cottrtllLrnity. lt is a patriotic gcstLrrc to bc rcsponsiblc for
cornrlunrtv properties.
Propcrty ,rairtcrancc can bc cJonc i, trrc tbilowing \,\,ays:
' Rc,.virg dangc'o,s objccts ri.r, prbric praccs
. Clc'anilrg thc cnvironmcnt
. I)lanling tt'cr)s irncl 1lr-rrvcr-s
r*{
Exercise K
15 Nlnrksl
Scction A: Multiplc Choicc
are givenO'rffi
1. Communiff properties andfacilities C. state D. relatives
A. Parents
B.
children
properties'
i; , $rr1?i,aintai,inf "o***itv
4 and removing dangerour
sobjects
ft--t.*ing
B. PlaYing in Parks
;. G#ng io the church leaders
,.,'fkintffi"'lffi $']$TlTi':"W*ionmunitvrac*iresloucation
A. recreation B' actlllg
u"Jfl'ut needs
is an example of a oornmunity B:tJ;#,ltained'
4.
s e the plac
e to be
*,l,lll1,ii[op. *i, * "';u i;iuti

e s can c
5 m;", "rl "

lu
B.
D' expenslve
' C' inhabitable D' destroYed
A. better
I
::-ffiil"iil:,Hl$:ffiI'I#lil-"*properries r.
I
t3r :i
uv the folrowing faciiities;

z. state the ,.*rr'.i ,#;;or*.alo^rf;".or,,,r,*irv
a) Libraries
b) Senior citizens centres
i .) Meeting rooms
i al Health clinics tsl
i t) fchools :r i,. i.annrrqnt to rnaintain community properties? !rl
ii- ,. wrry it is irnPortant_t1::11":"t"':ll::l::::'l-:::-: -
ilxpluin
-,-'ffi.
OBJECTIVES
to:
. discuss ways of conseryine ytryal-:i::::::
: ffi;ir.i. *"ttrvation-or naturll res?uI?ll
naturnl t'esources
Ways of conserving are materials
be considered anatural resource' They
trrat humans use can
nr"ar' oil' coal' natural gas'
Any naturar substance
are used to ,rrppor,life
and *.o n."Jl],
from the Earth that
metals' stolle and satrd
are nafural resources'
and water' Naturar resources other naturar resources
such as coar, narurrig.rrro i'crude air, sunright. soir
oit p.ouij.;;, right and power.
]1fr.r"T',:H::I;:H*i'i.".:',,i*protecred a,td conser.ved. rlteforrowing ways can be
' Educating each other
on how to conserve naurai
. Practicing water conservation resources
methods
. Using sustainable fuel
sources
. Reducing energy consurnption
. Practicing afforestation
and refbrestation
. Not cutting down trees
but growing more trees
. Practising soil conservation
rnethods
. Avoiding stream or river
cultivation
. Throwing rubbish only in
corr.ect places
. Avoiding soil, water.anrl
air pollution
l. Organise and carry out

an
racitities with the hetp campaisn for
vour schoot properties and
,"lX'H:;i;e
of
2' Discuss on how to reduce
and control the effects
depretion of naturar resources.
Su nr rnarY
' propcrtics and facrlitius
requirc r.aintenance
so as ro keep fhc cornmuniry
. iutilllnity
Healrh, education, wclfirrc
and r'uurcatlon are solrtc
c_ommunity facilities of- the services that arc
offerecl by
' bc consen'ecl as thev
provitlc rood, ruer and
il;til:1,::i:?:::;l:''' raw nratsriars
' r,r rhc
#il:trJ:illI..#;,.|I:i::ffiliJ,H::lJesources and chierarnongs*rrern

is education
Recreational
- entertaining
Inhabitable
- nol supporting lif.e
Welfarc
- well-being
Patriotic
- devoted ancl loy,al
Conserved
- well-kept
@
Seetlon Al Multiple Choice [5 Marksl
1.Natura1reSolrrc9Scanbeusedtoprovidethefol1owingexcept
A. entertainment B. heat C' power D' food
2. is an example of a natural resources'

A. Food B. Natural gas C. Machines D. Books
3. Protection ofnatural resources is called

A. conservation B. deforestation C. afforestation D. coal
4. can provide facilities for a community'

A. Teachers B. Donors C. No one D. Relatives
5. Which of the following is not a way of conseruing natural resources'?
A. Reduction of financial exPenses
B. Practicing water conservation methods
C. Using sustainable fuel sources
D. Reducing energY consumPtion
Scetion B: Structured Questions [10 nrnrksl
t. State the rneaning of following tenns,
a) Couservation
b) Natural resources t2l
2. State three examples of natural resources'
t3l
3. List any t$,o cornrnunity sen ioes that prorride recreation. t2l
4.Whatismeantbycommunitypropertymaintenance? trl
5. Why is it ifirportzurt to conserve nahrral resources? t2l
rill
l,^-J
T
I
r0 Safety and Protection I

I
I
Pcclestrian nncl Passenger. Sa{et.y
OBJECTIVES
Lcarners should be able to:
. tlcnronstrate salb ways ol'walking on tlrc road
. givc cxalnplcs of pnsscngcr sat-cty orr variorrs lncults
ol' trnrrsport
Sal'e lvavs of rvalking along the road

A pctlcstriatl is attyottc tlr roacl ttscr travclling on lirot. lt is very
irnpgrtant tirr thcsc r.acl uscrs
to bc itwarc attcl attcrtti\'c lvltcn lvalking on lhc roatl to avoicl
accicle'pts. Thc litllolving arc sal.e
ways lirr pcdcstrians to tirllorv u,rrcrr rvalking alorrg thc roud:
' lVall<irtg orl tlru right harril sitlc of thc t'riacl so tlrat thcy urc
firlly aivar.c of'oncorlipg
traflic.
' Walking on tltc clcsignatctl pcclcslrian track und not on thc nrain
roacl.
' Wcarittg of'rcflcctivc clothirtg cspccially' during thc niglrt so
tlrat thcy arc casily sccp
by rnotorists.
' Using thc zebra-crossirrg scctiorr whc. cr.ssins thc roacl.
' Hclping chilclrcn, thc crdcrly and clisablcd to cross thc roacl.
' Looking to tltc riglrt lirst. to thc lcli ancl thcn right agairr bcfbre crossing thc
roacl.
Saf'ctv (f ll y:ll'ious tneans {}l'trunspol.l

Ottc- wlttl travcls usirrg ptlblic traltsportatiorr is callccl a passcngcr. passclgcrs shoLrld
cxe,rcisc
saf'cty wltcn thcy arc irl ptrblic transport to avoicl iniuries anci
causipg icciclcnts. T5c lablc
bclow shtllvs saf'cty lllcasrlrcs tltat can [rc- rrsccl by paiscngcrs in verrigus
transport rr.dcs:
Tr mode Passenger rot.t.t1, *r*..;
-* _--!-._*'.
tsicyclc ' wcar a lrcl.rct a,cl protcctivc crotrrirrg lbr kncc-s .rxl ..lbn,*.
Train . Avoid ruovirig rvlrcn thc trairr is in nrotion
: lYil(f,lt-,lg j,91.111y-!
!!l,,,lsh rhc rvinrtor.v
Car Always put a seat belt
Avoid sitting on the edge boards of trucks
Avoid putting heads out@
Bus Ar"iA moving when the bus is in motion
Always put on a seat belt
Only disembark when the bus has
Motor cYcle a Al*"Vi-pnt on protective we&r especially helmets
a Ensuie that the legs are re!1!
Anirnal-fu'awn cart euoiit sitting on the edge of the cafi boalds
ine with the nnirnal(s)
Boat or shiP Stay in the designated areas
Avola leaning too much on the edges of the boat or ship
Ensure yoo *" close to floating equipment c.Ps.e gf.eP
il
Table 10.1 Safe4' 1n various lrunsport modes
10,2 Cyclist SafetY
OBJECTIVES
. explain cYcling risks on the road
. discuss ways of reducing cycling rtsks
Cycling risks
to many risks when they
A cyclist is a person who rides a bicycle. These people are exposed
*. itding bicycles. Example of such cyclist risks are as follows:
. Being hit by a caf especialty at intersections or drunk dlivers'
. Falling due to bad road terrain such as potholes or judgernent errors of the cyclist'
' Crashing into or colliding with fixed objects'
. Attacked by dogs in neighbourhoods'
Different ways to reduce cycling risks
there are possibilities of risks and
Great caution should be taken by cyclists to ensure that
dangers when they are cycling. Th" follo*ing are ways
of reducing cycling risks:
. Ensuring that the bicycle is in good and functional condition'
. wearing reflective clothing especially when cycling at night.
. using front lights and a reflective rear when riding at night.
. Ensuring that the hands are always on the bicycle handles'
' Following road signs and tules'
A
l9:1 Biding, Leading, Hereling Anirn*t,
OBJECTIVES
' identity ways to safcly ridc, rcatr and herd anirn.rs
Satety ru les
There al'e many atimals that are usecl by human beings
for transportation services. sucli
anitlrals irlclude ltorses, donkeys' catttels, clogs and cows.
otlrer anirnals arc hertlctl such as
goats, sheep and cattle. When handling these aninrals,
saf'ety shoulcl always be a top priority.
The follorving safety rules should be appliecl:
' Approach the animals with caution and av'id scariug them.
' Avoid riding a horse with another person orr the same animal.
' Ensure that the anirnals are in good hcalth bcfore riding.
. Bcing calnr when herding anilnals.
' Avoid male livestock such as stallions. buils or boars.
' E,su,e that you. feet are protected b-v wearing protective shoes.
l:lrrlrcisr: L
Scction ,\: I\,[ultiyrle Choice f 5 Nlarksl
L Anyone who h'avels on road is called a
A. rnarshall B. driver C. conductor D. road user
2.A is an example of a road user. ,
A. passenger B. cyclist C. conductor D. ticket

3. Which of the following road transportation does not require a passiepger
to use a
seat belt'/
A. Car B. Aeroplane C. Bus D. Carl
4.
_isasafety1I1easuretbrpedestrianswhenusingtheroad.
A. Always pur 0n your seat belt
B. Drive on the left sidc of the roarl
c. use zebra-crossi,g marked places when crossing the roacl
D. Disernbark when the vehicle has stoppcd
5. Saf-ety measures for road users prevent
A. accidents B. being late C. making money D. fares
Section B: Structurcd Questions I l0 nrarksl
l. What is meant bY the term below?
a) Pedestrian
b) Road user
c) passenger t3l
2. State three safety measlu'es that a pedestrian should always
follow' t3l
3. Complete the table below: t3l
Transport mode Passenger sal'etY me4lgrg
Wear a heltnet and Protective
clothing for kuees and elbows
Train
Car
4. W[y is it important to follow safety measures for road users? tll
10.4 Road Signs, Slg nals nnd Markings
OBJECTIVES
. explain various road signs, signals and markings
. ,Jiicuss the impodance of road signs, signals and markings
Road signso signals and mnrkings

its own meauing'
There is a variety of road signs, symbols and markings. Each of these has
The following are examples of road signs, signals and markings:
Signs and signals

and informative
These are found in 3 fypes which are danger warning signs, regulatory signs
signs.
. Danger warning signs have symbols and a red triangle at the top
(yellow can also be
used). They function to warn of dangers in the area they are found'
Fig 10,1 Exantple of a danget warning sigtr
fto?-I
li^r./
Regulatory signs have a red ring together with
a symbol. They ser.ve to indicate
road regulation.
Fig 10.2 Exanrple o!.regulotory signs
Infbnnative signs are usually back and written

with white. They function to info,n
a road user of directions or giving information.
Fig 10.3 Example o!'inJ'ormutite .rlgns
Markings
These are tttarkings that are found painted
on thc road. These marks serve a variety of
tunctions' They can be tbund painted on the roads,
pavements, airfields, car parks and leisure
cornplexes.
Fig 10.4 Exuuple of road ntarkings
I rnpol'tancc rll' r-ofld signs, signals flrrd nrfll'l(ingfr

Road signs, signals and markings servc a variety
of functions. Most thcsc function to
maintain order lbr road users. The list below shows
some of the importance of road signs,
signals and markings:
t They allow drivers to follow road regulations accurately.
I They wam road users of upcoming dangers'
a They help regulate traffic clearlY'
they use pictures'
a Road signs explain traffic rules clearly especiatly when
-- --,i
fl
,i
Exercise M i
'J
1
Section B: Multiple Choiet [8 nrnrksl

rl
1. Roacl signs and marking are meant for

A. Pedestrian B. driver
C. policenren D. road user
2. Road marking are mostlY found
A. hung from trees
B. on billboards
C. painted on the road
D. on the Phoue
markings?
3. Which of the following is an importance of road signs and
A. To decorate the road
B. To regulate traffic
C. To make the Police do their job
D. To confuse drivers and passengers
4. The practice of good behaviour when driving is called road
A. rage B' driving
C. decorum D' fury
A. etiquette B' roacl rage -'

C. a license D' a ticket
Section B: Structured Questions [10 nrarksl

1. Define tlie following terms;
a) Road signs
L2)
b) Road markings
Z.Explainhowthefollowingnaturaldisastershappen:
a) Heat wave
b) Drought t2l
4. dir. un example of the following types of natural disasters;
a) Hydrological
b) GeophYsical t2l
5. Why is road etiquette irnPortant? t2l
m
I 0.5 Road tttiq uette
OBJECTIVES
' discnss road etiquette
. outline the rcsponsibility of' road users
Rnad etiquette and behnviour.

Road etiquette entails the politeness and goocl manners
that are expected of road users fiom
pedestrians to vehicle operators. Developing patience
and practicing def'ensive dr.iving is
encouraged and makes one a saf'er and more courteous
ch-iver.
Road decorurn
This means having good behaviour and manners when one
is driving. These include the
fbllowing;
. Always wearing the seat belt and ensuring tlrat passengers
also do the same.
. Paying full attention whilst driving and doing away
with distractions such as using
the phone.
' Always signalising actions a rcasonablc tirnc bctbrc cioing thenr.
' Following speed limits and avoiding dri.r,ing trro slov,r or
too fast.
' Maiutaining a reasonable distance between the vehicle behind
and in front.
Road rage
This is having a bad temper, anger and ftiry when driving.
Such rage is not encouraged and
shoulcl be avoided when driving because it is destructive.
Road.ug. Jur..s clrivers to 6o some
of tlre following:
. cutting off other vehicles.
. parking where there are no parking spots.
. driving on the shoulder of the road.
. specding whcn bcing overtakcn.
Littering
This is an cxtremely bad behaviour when driving. Littering
is done by throwing litter out
of the window when one is driving. This is ,langeit us as it can
distract other clrivers behind.
It can block tirc view for other drivers ancl also causc accidents as
drivers attcmpt to dodgc
the type ol- litter being thrown out, In adclition. litrering
also pollutes tlre environment.
Drunken driving
This happens when one drives under the influence of arcohol
or intoxicating drugs and
the judgement of the driver' It also
substances. This is extremely da*gerous as it compromises
also result in the driver disregarding
makes the driver r.ry *u.h *.tubl. and risky. It can
traffic rules. It can make the driver to drive over speed
limits or too slow and taking long
taking long to move when traffic lights tum green'
RcsponsibilitY of road users

prevents accidents and enswes that
It is important for all the road users to be responsible. This
has a iegal duty to care for all other road
every road user is safe. As a road user, an individuar
care to ensure that any action taken
users. This means that one is obliged to take reasonable
drivers'responsibilities are ensured
does not cause injury to another road use.. In Zirnbabwe,
prtorities safety in any given situation'
by defensive driving. This is driving rhat ensures and
Th. follo*ing are the rules of defensive driving:
. Always looking uP ahead'
. Being aware of btind spots'
' Slowing down at all intersections'
.Maintainingasafefollorvingdistancetocarsahead.
10.6 Disaster Risk Reduction end Management
OBJECTIVES
. discuss various forms of natural disasters
. demonstrate ways of reducing and managing natural
disasters'
Different forms of disastet's

happen at any
A nanrral disaster is a destructive incident that occurs naturally. They can
heat waves'
given time or place. Such disastrous events include the likes of landslides,
droughts and vOlcanic
floods, hurricanes, cyclones, sinkhole, tsunamis, wildfire, earthquakes,
eruptions amongst others. These uatural disasters have the
following different forms:
, Geophysical which include earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis and volcanic activity'
. Hydrological such as avalanches and floods'
. Climatological like extreme temperatures, drought and wildflres'
. Meteorological which include cyclones'
. Biological such as disease epidemics and insect or animal plagues'
Droughts, landslides nnd hent lvfl1,e$
Natural disasters affect the environment and people
in many ditrerent ways. This is attributerl
to how they occur, their intensity and cluration-periocl. Tlie
following taute illustrates how
droughts, landslides a,d heat waves occur a,d their
effects:
Natural disaster Causes

.Extremely high land and . Anxiefy or depression about
water temperaturcs economic losses in society
. Extremely lorv soil . Conflicts when there is not
moisturc levels enough water
. Increased clerrrancl rvater . Reduced incornes
. Fewer recreational activities
. Higher incidents of
heat srroke
. Loss of human life. Cause an
increased risk of wildfire '
Gravity actirrg on . Loss of life
weakenecl rocks and soil . Destruction of infrastructure
that rnake up a sloping . Damage to land
area of land . Loss ol-natural resources
Water fiorn heavy r-ainfall landslide rnaterial can also
Saturation by rain water block rivers and increase the
inflltration risk of floods
Snow melting or glaciers
nrelting
Rising of groundwater
rain infiltration
Heat wave Trapped air Heat exhaustion and
Over one rcgion that heat stroke
is allowed to wann Faintness
to unchalacteristic Dry warm skin
temperatures due to Loss of life
sunlight and high- Respiratory disorders
pressure systeflrs. Heat stress conditions such
as heat sfoke
Table 10.2 Cuuse und effects of nuturil disu"1i"rc
wuys of reducing and nranaging disasters

Natural disasters happen naturally. However, most continuecl
hurnan activities promote and
eventually result in natural disasters. Thereforc, natural
disasters can be reduced by propcr
and safe practices that reduce the risks of natural
disasters. The ways that can be ernployecl
to reduce the occurrence and risks of natural ilisasters
include raising awareness, education,
preparedncss and prcdiction anclu'arning systcms.
Thesc can rcclucc thc disruptive impacts of
fzrTl
t-.1
as adoplion ol zoning'
naturai disaster on communities.
In acldition, mitigation measures such
a from
and building codes also help to prevent o. reduce the actual damage
land_use practices, out of harm's way
Additionally, flood proofing, etevating a home or moving a home
hazards. natural
items it at coula shake ioo*. in an earthquake can avoid the dangers of
and securing disaster preveution
Reducing the vulnerability of populations as well as engaging in
disasters.
programs can also helP'
First Aid
OBJECTI\rES
. state steps to take when dealing
with emergency cases
.explaintheimportanceofrepo.ti,ganyemergencytoanadult.
PrinciplesandprioritiesofFirstAid help is necessary

to an injured person or a victim. Triis
First Aid is the flrst help that is given Aid so
It requires one to the "Dos and Don'ts" when applying First
and very crircial. 9o*
fatalities. Therefore, the following prirrciples
sho*ld be
as to avoicl further injuries or even
followed when giving anyone First Aid:
procedures'
' Presetving life by practising safe emergency person'
. Preventing fuither deterioration of the injured
possible'
. Promoting recovery such as applying cold water to a butn as soon as
' Taking immediate action'
.Calmingdownthesituationandcallformedicalassistance.
.Applyingtherelevantandsafetreatrnentonlywhenableto.
. crrecking for consciousness and circuration by finding the pulse.
adult
Importancc of reporting any enlel'gcncy to an
onc
place. In addition, they can happen when
Accidents can happen at any given ti're and In such cases
are not capabre of giving First Aid'
is alone or around young individuars who
injuries to an adurt or responsible authority'
it is .important for on. ,Jr.port the accidents or
by chitdren is irnportant because of the following:
Reporting injuries and accidents to uJort.
.ClrildrenrnightapplyFirstAidthatpromotesfurtherinjury.
is given soon'
' The injury might become fatal if no aid
' Adults can apply better First Aid than children'
.Adultsknowthesafetymeasuresandprotocolstofollowbetterthanchildfen.
Eil
Stcps to take lvhen denling lvith ernergcney crlscri
Accidents and injuries can be severe and require emergency
attention to avoid them from
being extreme' An emergency is a situation thai happens
unexpecteclly and requires i'rnrediate
attetltiort to be solved. When an emergency happeiis, particular
steps shoulcl be observed i,
attenrpting to solvc thc injury or acoitlcnt.
Emergency Steps to take

case
Bleeding Applying direct prcsr.rre ro the wouncl urd bancla ;i
Seizure resting the victim on the floor
a
loosening atrything arr:und thc pcrson's ucck
avoiding restrain the victirn or put anything in their mouth
clearing the area aLround them
ing with them after the seizure st
Burns coolingthe bum with cool oiirkffi
a
avoid use of ice, iced water, creams or greasy substances
such as butter
keepirrg thc victim wann
cover r,vith blankets or layer of clothing but avoiding the burnt
areas
Poison intake get to fresh air right away if the poison was inhaleJ
removi,g a,y clothi,g the poiso, touchecl in case of skirr poisoning
rinsing the eyes with running water fbr r5 to 20 rninutes in
case of eye
poisoning
However, in some cases. should not att.mpt t. give first aid as it
migh_t_]v_glserllhe situation'ne
or also end up being the victim.
Swallowing encourage the person to cough to dislodge ,*,ntlor*anOiru
obiects give 5 back blows by pracing ore a., across the person;s
chest fbr
support. Be,d the person over ar the rvaist so thaithe
upper body is
parallel with the ground. Ileliver five separate back
blows befween the
person's shoulder bladcs with the heel ot'your hand.
give 5 abdorninal thrusts
altcmate betwecn_5 blows and 5 thrusrs until the bloc\age is
dislodged.
Table 10.3 Steps to toke u,hen rlealing an en ergency
Of ICT
OBJECTIVES
. state advantages and disadvantages of ICT.
' exarnine safe use of ICT in relation to school rules, age resfiiction, laws
and
regulations.
. identify the dangers in the use of ICT.
@
Advantages and disadvantages of ICT
phones, laptops and tablets' These
ICT involves the use of many tools suclr as computers,
Therefor., tcr can be see, to ge,.erate both
toors can be used at rrome ani arso ir, ,irroorr.
advantages and disadvantages'
ff
T)isedventapes of ICT
; g%*th byGoadenirle the I . Misleading and misgutdtng
lnrorrnaron
**bl-. . hacks
I
"**"ti"
reach of technologies such as high-speed I
Risk of cYber attacks and I
Internet. mobile broadband and computing I

. Arisk to ihe traditionaibook andhandwriting I
methods
I
. allows tbr quick access to intbrmation i

. technologies make it easier for peoplc to
. Implementing computers and the intemet
interact incl make workers more productive
I
foi tCf ,"pL". the convention education

curriculum
. Managing courses ouline is difficult
i. Misuse of technology such as watching
Lo.rrography * ,
Tabte 10.5 Advantages end disadvantryes of

ICT
and regulations
sat"e use of ICT in relation to school rules' nge restrietion, laws
there are some individuals that te.d
ICT can be used for many varied reasons. However,
Therefore, the use of ICT srrould be safe and
to use ICT for wrong and unlawflir pur.poses.
should ensure that the leamers do not
followirig a set of rui.s, lu*s and regulations. Schoots
use Icr to cheat in their studies or to
gain access to restricted school information' According
suitable for children'
to age restrictions, should not be used to view content that is not
Icr
materials' The law also regulates that
This invoives explicit content such as pornography
shoulcl not be used to commit.ri*.s *u.h
u, cyber terrorism, hacking or violating other
Icr
people's privacY.
Online sal'etY tiPs l'or learncrs

aecess to information. The information
The internet is a useful toor that can give anyone
can be accessed for varied reasons including
uling used for educational purposes. However,
is reliable or trustworthy'
it is important to note that not ar1 the information on the internet
obtained from the internet.
Therefore, one should always be watchful of the information
information obtained from the
The following can be employed when assessing educationar
internet;
for your level
Skim reading to see if it contain information suitable
. is available on the site
searching to see if the answer to your question
.Consideringthecredibilityoftheauthororwebsite
' Cotrsidering the purpose of the site
.Evaluatingthedatetheinformationwasuploaded
Dungers in the use of lC'f

The use of ICT is efficient and effective. However,
it also poses certain dangers in its use. The
following dangers can be noted in the use of ICT:
Tlle unauthorised taking of photographs using a mobile phone
or tligital camera.
I
Accessing online material that is illegal or inappropriate
to the school environment.
a
Accessing age-restr-icted rnaterial.
using ICT to facilitate cheating in an examination, or plagiarism
in an assessrnent.
1. Dramatise how to assist others to cross the road.

2. Discuss the dangers associated with failure to practice
safety measures by
passengers.
3. Role-play how to respond to the following emergencies with the help of your
teacher;
a) Burns .
b) Seizure
c) Swallowing of objects
d) Bleeding
4' to handle an emergency or injury that happens in the school
Discuss how
playgrounds. ' ''
Summary
' Road safety should arways bc practiced by all r'acl uscrs.
' Cycling poses many risks ancl cyclists should always wear protective
gear.
' care and caution should be a priority when dealing u,ith animals,
' Road signs are fbund in classes which are dangei warnings,
informative and regulatory
signs.
' Road etiquette is-the practice of politeness and good behaviour
when driving.
' First Aid should be practised following the principles and priorities
that guide it.
' ICT should be used in line with age restrictiron, *i.r, laws ancl regulations.
(]lossarv
Fatalitics - dcaths
Reflective - visible by shinning light
Courteous - politeness
Geophysical - concemed with physical processes and properties
Hydrological - to do with water
Climatological - relating to clirnate conditions
Meteorological - to do with the atmosphere and weather
Biological - relating to living things
Ed
Section A: MultiPle Choice [5 Marksl
1. A pedestrian should walk on the side of the road.
A. left B. both C. right D. neither
2. Cyclists are at risk of being
A. late to work or school
B. hit by cars espocially at inter$ections
C. late and getting tired
D. arrested for not, having a sea! belt
3. Which type of road signs has a rfd triangle?
A. Regulatory I B' Informative
C. Danger warning D' Misleading
4. is a rule of defepsive driving.
A. St"*"g d"*n at intersectio{ B. Driving fast in town
C. Arresting drunk drivers D. Driving very slowlY
5. The rnain function of FirstAid is to
A. increase the risk of injury
B. preserve life and prevent firrther injury
C. become a nurse or doctor
D. comfort someone who is dYing
5. The main function of First Aid is to
A. increase the risk of injury
B. preselve life and prevent further injury
C. become a nurse or doctor
D. comfott someone who is dYing
Section R: Structuretl Questions [10 mlrksl
1. Explain the following;
a) First Aid
b) ICr
c) Defensive driving t3l
2. Outline the First Aid help that can be administered to a person who is
bleeding. 121
3. State one danger of using ICT. t1l
4. Outline the effects of the following natural disasters;
a) Drought
Ul tandslide 12)
5. Wt ut is it important for learners to be watchftil of the educational material
they get from the Internet? l2l
m
$rGTl0r
rTilT
t^-./
PAPER I TESTS
TE,ST I
1. FamilY relations can be through D'
Power G
members
A. adoption B.
Z. people of tn. same totem ihould not marry each other because they-
A. are relatives B' are from the same village
B. are enemies D' will alwaYs fight
A. Kiddushin B. Wuli*uh C' Nissuin D' Nikah
4. A healthy boy-girl relationship is guided
- bY
A. arguments B. respect B' abuse
' D' quarrels
A. Yahweh B' Allah C' God D' Mlimo

a day?
6. Which religion encourages its followers to pray flve times
A. ChristianitY B' Judaism
C. Indigenous religion D' Islam
7. Where do the Jews obtain their teachings from?
A. Monotheism B' The ten commandments
c. The Quran D. The important texts
8. Which religion uses the symboi shown below?
A. Judaism B.
ChristianitY
B. Indigenous religion D'
Islam
g. Followeis which use the syrnbol shown above worship in a
A. shrine B. church C. temPle D. mosque
10. A Jewish teacher is called a

A. pastor B' PoPe C. rabbi D. priest
11. Where was Jesus Christ crucified?

A. Nazareth B. Bethlehem C. Judea D. Golgotha
12. Fooil larvs regulate the following except
A. labelling on food
B. food qualitY
C. food safetY
D. pictures on food
13. We should ottr parents wiren they do wrong things to us'
A. hate B. fight C. forgive D. scold
m
14. Children's rights are important because they
A. allow children's views to be heard.
B. make children the property of their parents
c. help children to understand that they arc not irnportant.
D. help cliildren not to develop to their full pote,tial.
l5' Sipho's parents are Christians, however he decides to follow the Islalric religion.
Which right did Sipho use ro follow this religion?
A. The right to be independent.
B. The right to belong to a religion.
C. Thc right to belong to religion of clrr:ioe.
D. The right to be heard.
16. whioh of tlre lbllowing can cause conflicts in the family,/
A. having extra marital affairs
B. being respeotful to farnily nrernbers
" C. living in harmony with farnily members
D. cqual distribution of resources
17. conflict which arises between fwo or rnore people is
called
A. inter-personal conflict B.
anti-personal conflict
C. intra-personal conflict D. inner conflict
18. Islam use the following artefacts except
A. prayer rnat with compass B. incensc sticks
C. azan clock D. topi
19. The poster belou, is an awareness campaign for
t sq*
I
1
#
'-i:I
A. substance abuse
ffi B. child abuse
C. HIV and AIDS D. sexual abuse
fr;I
!^r.i
20. Substance abuse can the brain.
A. damage B. build C. enrich D. enhance
21. Mother, father and chiidren, they make a
----' D.
A. parent B. polygatny C. family rnonogalnous
22'MrChokuforalrasthreewivesnndeightchildren,hisfami1yis-.
A. monogarnous B. polygarnous C. nucleus D. single parent
23. have the responsibility to make sure children get their basic needs'
A. Teachers B. Parents c. children D.
communities
24. What should people do fbr themselves to be accepted by the community they live'?
A. Fight each other B. Respect rules and laws
C. Share with others D. Live in their families
25. Which of the following animals is not used as a totem?
A.HyenaB.LionC.ElandD.Elephant
26. The following deeds are helpful in order to keep a good relationship except ---.
A. Loving B. Shartng C' Cheating D. Caring
27. Why do people at times have conflict at home?
A. Intolerance B. Good communication
C. Good behaviour D. Need for peace
28. Which of the following is the role of a chief?
A. Is the custodian of land and culture
B. Is responsible for day to day running of schools
C. Is responsible for the ruming of orphanages
D. Is responsible for the marriages of comrnunify members
29. Which of the heritage sites are found in Matabeleland north province?
A. National heroes acre B. Great Zimbabwe
C. Victoria falls D. Nyangani mountains
30. How many official languages are spoken in Zirnbabwe?
A. Ten B. Sixteen C. Nine D. Fourteen
31. Which government department deals with the preservation of the heritage sites?
A. ZIMRA B. GMB C. National parks D. ZINARA
32. When did Zimbabwe become independent?
A. 1987 B. 1980 c.
1890 D. 2010
33. A government which is led by one family like in Eswatini is called
A. autocratic B. democratic C. monatchy D. egalitarian
34. The two armed forces that fought the white settlers in the second Chimurenga were
A. Rhodesian front liners B.
ZAPU and ZANU
C. ZANLA and ZIPRA D. PF ZAPU and ZANU PF
35. The suprene law of the country is its
A. Rule B. Bill C. By-law D. Constitution
36. Which is an airbome disease'?
A. Tuberculosis B. Malaria C. Cholera D. Bilharzia
37. Which mineral is mined at Chiyadzwa?
A. Diamond B. Iron C. Gold D. Coal
[rri]
l'^-./
38. Eflective communication is when
A. both listen to onc another
B. both communicate at the same time
C. only receiver listens
D. sender only listens
39. Bcating a spouse is a form of Gender Bascd Violcnce that talls undcr
violence.
A. econornic B. physical C. ernotional D. sexual
40. The sign below indicates
A. a wanrilg about children crossiug roacls

B. pcdcstrian crussing
C. children playing along the road
D. a church ahead
'l'!ls'l'2
l. What is a lineage?
A. A group of people who share the same beliefs'
B, A group of people with direct descents from ancestors.
C. A group of people who are not related'
D. A group of people who work together'
2. How can peoPle Preserve flora?
A. planting more Indigenous plants'
B. using pesticides
C. clearing land for ritual activities'
D. encouragiug cutting down sacred trees'
3. Rhodes and his
pioneer Column settled at Fort Salisbury which is presently known
A. Mutare B. Masvingo C. Bulawayo D' Harare
4. From the following which are benefits of family interactions?

A. It helps families to work individually'
B. It assists in maintaining good family relationships'
C. It aids selfishness between families
D. It helps to increases conflicts in families'
5. Which one of the following is considered a taboo in the African
culture?
A. Taking care of your sick relatives
B. Eating wild meat
C. Living with grandParsnts'
D. Marrying a person of the same totem'
6. The Jews tnanage their relationships by
A. quarrelling a lot
B. discouraging keeping fricndships
C. airing disputes in a productive manner'
--'
D. disrespecting their Parents-
7. Judaism included the Teu Commandments in the
A Quran B. Bible C. Torah D. Scripts
8. Religious rights include
A. right and freedom to change religion'
B. right not to worshiP.
C. not practicing or observing any religion'
D. avoiding rnanifesting ones religion'
9. Which of the following is a biblical ancestor?
A. Abraham B. Misheck C. Paul D. Ruth
10. What is the core value of Unhu or Ubutltu or Vumunhu?
A. We are proud to be black B'
We are one
C. I am because you are D'
Our past is deep
11. which of the following in Indigenous religion can be a
penalty for disrespecting the
environment?
rilI
t^-.1
A. Mystical disappearance B. Callcd to a l'nagistrate coufi
C. Becomes rich mysteriously D. Living happily
12. The parable of two debtors teaches pcople to
A. forgive each other. B. not to show love and appreciation.
R. treat others badly D. wort hard
13. What is rnonotheism?
A. Belief in many gods R. Belief in two gods
C. Belief in one God D. Belief in idols
14. Which religion does not perfonn circumcision?
A. Judaisrn B. Islam C. Christianity D. Indigenous
15. The key teachings of Islam is
A. marriage B. conservation of the environment
C. day ofjudgement D. btrrial rituals
16. The picture below is an indication of
A. child rights. B. children roles.

C. children punishment. D. child labour.
17. which onc of thc following is part of cr:rrrnrunity rcsponsibilitics?
A. Communicatio, withi, the communiry *re,rbers.
B. Destroying relationships in the communities
C. Unfair treatmenl. to communitv members
D. Individual use of resou-ccs
18. A persoll who carries out a hamrtul activity like sexual atruse
is cnllecl a
A. pcrpetratt_rr B. victirn C. witness D. rnurderer
19. A brother to one's mother is called
A. cousin B. nephew C. niece D. uncle
20. Christiarr rites include
A. circurncision B. burial
C. holy matritxony D. crucifixion
21. One who valucs a farrily role
A. is lazy B. steals
C. has good personaliry D. beat others
22. Which ones are Indigenous processing tools'l
A. Electric grinding mills B. Electric cookers
C. Mortar and pestlc D. Combined harvester
23. Which tool is used to process meral?
A. Grinding stone B. Mortar C. Pestle D. Fumace
7
l'^ /
24. In Zimbabwe when chiefs die, they are rnainly buried in .-
A. pyramid B. mottuaries C. caves D' anthills
25. Which statement is true about taboos?
A. Things which are allowed to do in your culture
B. Things which Please the dead
C. Things you are not allowed to do in your culture
D. Things which elders only are allowed to do in your culture
26. Among the following persons who is the highest?
A. Chief B. Headtnan C' Village head D' Farnily
West province?
27. Which of the followilg heritage site is found in Mashonaland
A. Great Zirnbabwe B. National heroes acre
C. Victoria falls D. Chinhoyi caves
A. tawyer B. doctor C' ProPhet D, engineer
29. lnZimbabwe. the age of consent is years'

A. 16 B. 17 c. 18 D. 71
30, Pregnant tnothers are always encouraged to --.-'
A. il..p most of the time B. eat balanced diet
C. visii traditional healers - D' nrake abortions
31. When do Zimbabwe celebrate Independence Day'?
A. 21 FebruarY B. 25 MaY C. 18 April D. 25 December
32. In Zimbabwe, is said to be the month of
A. Christmas B. unitY C. heroes D. workers
33. On the national flag, the star represents
A. the black majoritY B. our asPiratiotrs
C. the vegetation D. the land
34. Where do we find these words writtetr;
'Unity, Freedom artd Wor'tri '?
A. National cotu't of arms B. National flag
C. National Pledge D. National amly
35. AU was formerlY known as
A. OAU B. WHO C. SADC D. COMESA
36. Wrich one of the following organisations is Zimbabwe
not a member?
A. IIN B. AU C. EU D. COMESA
37. The best way to avoid HIV/AIDS and STIs is
A. having one Partner -' B. abstinence
C. having a Younger Partner D. having an older Partner
38. A relationship involving two countries is a
relationshiP.
A. multilatcrsl B. bilateral C. friendship D. collateral
39. What is the first stage in decision making?
A. Knowing the solution B. Knowledge of resources
C. knowledge of suPPofi system D. Knowledge of the Problem
40, One example of a uon-communicable disease is
A. HMAIDS B' Covid-l9 C. diabetes D. flu
riilt
r^Li
't'tisl'l
L What is foster parenting?
A. Parents caring fbr fbster children. B. children cared by other people.
C. Children caring for other childrcn. D. Children caring ior sick parents.
2. The roles of palents and guardians are to
.---.
A. neglect children R. isolate them
C. provide food and clothes D. scold and abuse them
J. In which way can one cope with family dynamics?
A. By not involving other farnily membcrs.
B. Being moody and always thinking.
C. Refusing help.
D. Seeking professional counselling.
4. Which of the fbllowing people in Indigenous rcligion cornmunicate with the
ancestral spirits?
A. spirit mediurns B. chiet's
C. headman D. traditional healers
5. The irnage below shows on the cfoss.
=*-
lr
I
A. Sinron Peter B.Judas Iscariot
C. John thc Baptist D. Jcsus Christ
6. Who was cruciJied with him'?
A. John and Matthew R. Two thieves
c.Mury Magdalene and the other Mary D. A Roman official
7. In which country did the first Jews in Zimbabwe came from?
A. India B. Gennan C.Russia D.
Egypt
8. which i:ne of the following is a religious artefact in Juclaism?
A. Mezuzah B. Rosary C. Ka'bah D.
Prayer mat
9. Belonging to a religion is important because
A. it discourages good rnorals B.
people are told to honour their leaders
C. it encourages better human behaviour D. it forces people to fight their enemies
10. wlrich of the following can cause conflict at school'l
A. good relationship B.
good comnrunication
C. shortagc of resoulccs D. respect of each other
I l. What is optimism?
A. Displaying dignity B. To be transparent
C. Showingself-respect D. Being hopeful and confident
riilI
t^-./
12. What action can be taken by sorneone who has been sexually
abused?
A. keeping quiet B' being withdrawn

C. reporting-the matter to the police D' killing the perpetrator or abuser
and the resurrection of Jesus
13. Which festival do christians celebrate the crucifixion
Christ?
A. New year B. Christmas c. Easter D' Passover 14'
14. Indigenous religions use a ---as an artefact'
A. rosaly B. snuff container C' mat D' pointer
15. The following ar-e rnajor retigions in Zirnbabwe except
A. Christianity B. Indigenous religion
C. Islam D' PolYtheism
16. Which person below is not a national ancestot?
A. Chaminuka B' MbuYaNehanda
c. sekuru Kaguvi D. Josiah Tungamirai
religion a
17. Name the riruai which is performed by the followers of Indigenous
year after death of a Person.
A. Bringing back the spirit home (kurova guva of umbuyiso)
B. Receiving ancestral sPirits
C. Cleansing ceremolly
D. Burial ritual
I 8. Which of the following is a key value of Unhu or Ubuntu
or Vumunhu?
A. Oneness with nature and wildlife B. Together we stand
C. There is only one gocl D. Our future is bright
19. Jewish women may be required to during worship.
A. wear short sleeved clothes B. wear bright clothes
C. cover their hair' D. wear long trousers
20. What is a Parable?
A. Stories from the Bible -
B. Jesus' folktales
C. An earthly story with a heavenly meaning
D. A heavenly story with an earthly meaning
21. A11 the folkrwing are push factors in migration except
A. Hunger B. War C. Disease D. Employrnent
22. Totems are important because they
A. help the needY PeoPle B. help people to know their relatives
C. help people rnarry their clan members D. make peoPle hate each other
23. How were children taught long ago'?
A. Buy going to school B. Through story telling
C. Fromtheir friends D. Through writing
24. When one gets married, the husband should pay the mother-in-law
a
A. dog B. bull C' motherhood cow D' calf

25. A song which is a national emblem is called
A. anthem B. reggae C' pledge D' gospel
IITDT
i'^-.,/
26. Which of thc following picfures was a rnusical instrument of long ago'/
tlrlrllllll{lllllttl$
A. B. C. D.
K
27.ltis important to know the lineage because you
_.
A. bcgin to know your enernies B. know your tarnily history
C. know your lamily parents D. urrderstand your parents
28. dance is a rain asking cerernony.
A. Jerusarema B. Muchongoyo C. Amabhiza D. Jiti
29. An ideal marital relationship is charactcrised by the following t:xcept
A. Respect B. Cheating C. Love D. Honesfy
30. Who installs the headman'/
A. People B. Vrllage head C. Chief D. Prophet
31. what causcd the land refon, prograrn in Zi,rbabwe'/
A. To please the ancestral spirits B. The untair distribution of land
C. Destroy all ths farming land D. Build houses
32. One of the benefits of land refonn program is
n. thc land is now in the hands of the rnajorit_v--_-.--_---,
B. rvealth is still in the hands of minoriry
C. everyone is now free to farm wher.c he or she wants
D. no black people is into tobacco fanning
33. The national school pledge is important because it
A. shows oul idcntity B. tcaches us to hate the country
C. irrstills lear D. teaches people to hate one another
34. The branch of the United Nations which deals rvith health is
A. LTNICEF B. FAO C. UNHCR D. WHO
35. What nante is given to the method of banking whereby one does banking
while at
horre or in offrce?
A. Over counter B. E-banking C. Withdrawal D. Deposit
36. is mainly spoken in areas arounrl Beitbridge.
A. Narnbia B. Shona C. Kalanga D, Venda
37. A true citizen of a country shows ore of'the fbllowing characteristics.
A. Loyalty B. Vandalisnr C. Pessirnistic D. Opposing
3li. Good family relationships bring in in the fhmily.
n. hostility R. boredom C. contradictions unity
39. one is considered to be eligible for consent at the age of
A. 14 B. 18 c.l6 D. 2t
40. Why is it important to seek early treatment tbr STIs?
A. Tcl prevent viral infection and spreading R. To help the f ather takc responsibility
C' To avoid gender complications D. To prevent one from falling in love
TE,ST 4
1. What name is given to people who are related through rnarriage'?

A. AdoPted Parents B. Foster Parents
C. In-laws D. Ancestors
2. People derive their totems from
A. flora and fauna B. trees and fiuits
C. animals and their bodY Parts D. oceans and minerals
3. The picture below is showing learners who are
n
A. visuallY challenged B. physically challenged

C. aged D. able bodied
4. How can the learners above be helped'?
A. Staring at them
B. Being polite and patient when offering assistance'
C. making fun out of them
D. feeling PitY for them
5. Xholani helps needy people all the time, so he with others.
A. empathises B. sYmPathises B. encourages D, criticises
6. When j*r*, taught using the parable of two debtors who was with hinr?
A. Thomas B. Simon B. Andrew D. Matthew
7. Which of the following is common in most religions?
A. That there is onlY one God
B. That rnen should maflY many wives
There is life afber death
C.
That people should worship rnany gods
D.
8. Bad spirits
A. cause hann to the PeoPle B.
communicate with sPirits
C. cause rains to fall D.
give rewat'ds to PeoPle
o asked to bury Jesus after his cntciflxion'
A. Simon of CYrene B.
Joseph of Ararnethia
C. Mary the mother of Jesus D'
Simon peter
10. Who were the first people to see Jesus Christ after his resur:rection?
A. Simon Peter and John
B. his mother and father
C. Mary Magdalene and another woman
D. his disciPles and followers
Eil:!
lt^-./
Ii. which of the tbllowing is a characrerisric of'a good fiiencl,/
A. deceitful B. dishonest C. cunning D. loyal
12. What is the effect of negative peer pressure/
A. It helps develop interest in books
B. It leads to substance abuse
C. It helps develop self confidence
D, It leads ro self-respect
13. In the Islanric religion who is known as the messenger
of God?
A. Khaddijah B. Allah C. Muharnmad D. Gabriel
14. What is the holy book for Muslims,T
A. Torah B. Gita C. euran D. Bible
15. What does equal opportunities mean?
A. Making judgernents based on gender
B. Being gender biased
C. Being ster:eotype
D. Treatirrg others fairly and similarly
16. What is adolescence?
A. The period of a person's life when he/she takes some drugs
B. Thc transitional pcriod frorn chirdhood t. boco*ri,g an atrult in a person's life.
C. The changes in a person's lif'e
D. The period when a pcrson is very argunrentative
17. The sign below is an indicarion that
A. fast food are allowed

B. fast foods are important in our diets
ffi
C. fast foods are healthy
D. fast fbods are prohibited
18. All the following arc international c:onventions except
A.personal rights
B. disabiliry rights
C. child rights
D. citizenship
19. which of the following is not a forrn of sexual abuse,/
A. decent assault B. Incest C. Fondling D. Rape
24. Jcwish lbod laws cating pork.
A. prohibit B. encourage C. authorise D. likes
21. What happens if people get man'ied at a young age?
A. They quicklY divorce
B. There will be rapid population increase
C. They will have more time to show love to oue another
D. The peoPle will be haPPY
22. What happens if a country is over populated?
A. People will show love and respect for each other
B. People will build a lot of houses
C. People are alwaYs haPPY
D. People scramble for scarce resources
23. Which community institution takes care of the sick?
A. Orphanage B. School C' Council D' Hospital
24. Which one is stored in silos?
A. Sorghum B. Sugar C' Milk D' Flowers
25. National Tree Planting Day is on the
A. first SaturdaY of December
B. last SatrrrdaY of December
C. last day of every month
D. first daY of every month
26. Which of the fotlowing is a cause of desertification'/
A. Afforestation B. Reforestation C. Deforestation D' Weathering
27. Whatis the major cause of water pollution?
A. Sewage B. Smoke c. climate change D' Noise
28. The Kruger National Park is found in ---'
A. Zimbabwe B. South Africa c. Botswana D. zambia
29. Tourism is important to Zirnbabwe bccnuse
I A. People are able to spread diseases
I g. Animals are exposed to a lot of visitors
C. It creates employment for people
D. It destroys the national resources
30. Safety precaution at work is important because
A. Helps reduce aocidents at ttre work place
B. It encourages the wofkers to be reckless at the work place
C. Helps to put lives of workers in danger
D. Shows the workers the coflect language to use at work place
get to Kariba?
31. Which of the following is the fastest mode of transport would you use to
A. Bus B. AeroPlane C. ShiP D' Road
32. Sports are irnpclrtant because they
A. help keeP PeoPle in good health
B. encourage people to become enemies
C. create class between PeoPle
D. are a form of abuse to the bodY
ff,l
\^-.1
33. Florence Nightingale was well known for
A. helping the disablcd
B. looking after the orphans
C. starling braille
D. starling the nursing prof'ession
34. People who build houses where thcy are not allowed are called
A. architects B. landlords c. squatter o. ur-n,
35' To ovcrcome tlie shortage of houses in urban arcas the go\/cmnrelrt should
A. Chase away people without houses
B. Allow people to build houses
C. Build houses fbr the people
D. Encourage rural to urban migration
36. All packaged fbod iterns shouid have the date
. A. wherr the food shouid be eaterr
B. ofexpiry
C. when the food should be sold
D. when the food should be destroyed
37. One of the misconceptions about a drug is that it
A. nrakes sorneonc courageous
B. gives problems later in lif-e
C. has rnany side cffects
D. is dangerous arrd hazar.dous to lif'e
38. wirat is the role of'the conulunity in Gendcr Based Violence'/
A. perpetrating violence
R. supporting the males
C. supporting the f'emales
D. controlling. reducing and stopping the violence
39. Financial literacy is important because it contributes ro
A. budgeting and proper use of resources
B. only managing one's money
C. misuse of money
D. disagreements in families and country at largc
40. One important right of a school leamer is the right to
A. nran'iage B. passing c. education D. money
TIIST 5
or couples can be
l. Family relationships between children and unrelated individuals
created th.rough
A. marriage B. foster cat'e C. adoption D. birth
2. Which changes bring sadness in families?
A. Wedcting it, u fumty B' Death in a family
C. Marriage in a family D' Birth of a child
herbs before giving birth
a
In IndigenJus religion, a plegnant wornan takes traditional
to
aid the Process of giving birth
A.
make the child grow
B.
C. make the Pregnant woman strong
D. for protecting the pregnant woman from bad spirits
4. tn kuganhu o, *kogrr.u typ. of'marriage of the
Indigenous religion a "
A. man abducts a woman B'

woman runs away with a man
c.
woman goes to a man's home D. man asks to tnarry a woman
and the Bible say?
5. What does the first commandment in the Torah
A. Do not make irnages to worship B.
Do not tnisuse the name of God'
C. Worship no other God' D'
Do not murder
6. Which religion uses a symbol known as the Star
of David?
A. ChristianitY B'
Judaism
C. Islatn D'
Indigenous religion
religion?
7. what name is given to a sacred day in Indigenous
A. Chisi/izilo B'
Chikuva/emsarlo
C. Tsvimbo/intonga D' Nhekwe/infuko
8. What is the ritual being performed below?
A. PraYer B. holY matrimony C. bathing D. baptism

9. Which religion is known for pertbrming the ritual above?
A. ChristianitY B.Judaism
C. Indigenous religion D. Hinduism
10. Volunteering help and skills is a way of
A. Respecting the needy B. managing relationships
C. taking care of the needy D. feeling sony of the needy
ll. What should one do if ti.iends fight?
A. Join the {ight
B. Leave them like that
C. Cheer them so that they keep on fighting
D. Stop thc fighr
12. Why is it important to belong to a religion?
A. You are taught to live in peace with others
B. You are encouraged to hate people ti'om other-religions
C. You are taught to fight
D. You are taught to create cnemiss
13. Complete the following. Do unto others as.you
A. want thcrn to do unto you B. f-eel is best for you
C. want other people to do to them D. want them rrot to dcr
14' It is believed that if solneone eats rncat fiorn an anirnal that is
attached to his or her
totem, he or she would lose his or her
A. legs B. hair C. head D. teeth
15. When are totem praises perfornred?
A. When one is asleep
B. Wren a hunter brings a catclr
C. When one is bathing
D. When one is involved in an accident
16. One way of managing religious differences is tlrrough
A. Tolerance
R. Sacrificing
C. Not meering people tr.om other religions
D. quarrelling
17. A group of farnilies which originated from a conunon
ancestor is a
A. village B. kingdom C. communify D. lineage
18. Ways of managing anger include
A. walking away fi'om the scene B. confronting people
C. shouting at others D. arguing with people
19. Which of the following organisations caters for the welfare
of the mentally
handicapped in Zirnbabwe'J
A. ZIMCARE trust B. Jairos Jiri Association
C. Burnl"rudzo D. Matthew Rusike Children's Home
20. People attend funerals in their community to offer
A. gitts B. dancing skills
C. moral and emotional support D. crying skills
21. A group of people who originatcd frour a cornr.ron ancestor is a
A. totern B. clan C. community D. ritual
22. Which traclitional method can be used to preserve tourist destinations?
A. People can burn forests
B. PeoPle can Plant herbs
C. Churches can be invited for prayers
D. People can use taboos and spiritual beliefs
23. One of the reasons for marital disputes is
A. lack of tolerance B. good communication
C. love D. forgiveness
24. One of the enterprising skill for the famity is
A. bullying B. stealing C. farming D. cheating
25. Which one is a natural disaster
A. Burning forest B' Car accident
C. Falling fi'om a building D' Drought
26. During migration, Push factors
A. foice people io t.ur. the place B. attract people to come to a place
C. give people opportunities D. make people to stay in one place
is called a
27. Thedocument tr'aiis issued to couples when they get rnarried
A. civil marriage documents B. mantage certificate
c. mar.riage register D. commitrnent certificate
2g. which of the fJlowing was in the Rudd concession agreement?
-'
A. Mining minerals B. Respecting Africans
C. Colonising Zimbabwe D. Provisiotl of food
29. Acountry nesds a policc forcc to
A. hunt miners B' maintain Peace
C. cause disorder D' protect criminals
30. The foltowing are riglrts of a citizen except
A.protectionB.fairtreatmentC'educationD'isolation
I l. The heritage site where rain asking csrernonies are held it
A. Njeleie B. Great Zimbabwe
-' C. Chirinda forest D' Mana pools
32. An airborne disease is caused by-'
A. water B' soil C' mosquito D' air
33. Why is it imporlant for a house to be well ventilated?
A. To keeP PeoPle cool in the summer
B. To ensure healthY living -'
C. To increase the risk of contracting disease
D. To ensure that water gets into the room
34. How do voluntary organisatious empower people?
A. Giving them moneY
B. Teaching them survival skills
C. Giving theur work
D. Allowing them to do what they want
35. Who is the head of town council?
A. Councillor B. Mayor
C. Member of Parliament D. Senator
36. A local government that is responsible tbr the clay to day runnilg of rural
areas is
called
A. urba, cou,cil B. metropolitan c. city cou.cil D. rural council
37. What type of pollution is shown in the picture below?
A. Noise B. Land C. Water D. Air

38. Which of the following organisations is responsible fbr protecting people fropr
violence'?
A. Ministry of finance B. Jairos Jiri Association
C. Mctim Friendly Unit D. Red Cross
39. The dangers of negative values are that they
A. shape behavior
B. nrake youths grorv well
C. afl'ect one's future
D. help to rnake one responsible
40. Proper care of resources and assets maintains to our propelty.
A. value B. care C. importance D- resources
t?,;'I
r^-./
rlls'l'6
1. What is a totem?
A. A name of a creature
B. A name of a flowing river
C. The rnost loved animal
D. An emblem representing a family or clan
is a pull factor?
z. Which of the following family dynamics
A. Drought B' Divorce C' War D' Employment
_'t , Which .*iigion practices aranged marriages?

A. Islam B' ChristianitY
C. Judaism D' Indigenous religion
4. Who is the founder of Islam?
A. Allah B.
Prophet Mohammad
C. KhaddLjah D'
Mecca
conflict?
5. Which of the following is an effect of family
A. Hatred B'
Togetherness
C. UnitY D' Love building

6. WhoassistedJesusChristincarryinghiscrosstoGolgotha?
A. Simon of CYrene B' JosePh
C. Peter D' JosePh of Arirnethia
7. The following are a1l attributes of resilience except
A. resourcefulness
resourcgruness B'
oPtimism
C. pessimism -
handling change
8. Which set of artefacts belong to

Indigenous religion?
A. Snuff container, wooclen plate, raw tobacco mound
B. The cross, the chalice, the bible
C, Kippa, tallit, scroll
D. Niqab, khimah, awrah
she shares the pulpit with Mr Dhliwayo, this
9. Mrs Tshuma is a minister of religion,
A. discrimination B' .q"t ty C' abuse D' career
10. What is substance abuse?

A. Drinking coffee
B. Drinking a glasses of alcohol
C. Use of tnedicine as prescribed by the doctor
D. Misuse of substances such as cough syrups and drugs
ll.Whiclrofthefollowingcanleadtoconflictatschool?
A. Shortage of resources
B. Having enough resources
C. Living together in Peace
D. Being respectful to each other
the right to
12. Chilclr.nliuirrg in the streets are being denied
parents
A. B' clothing C' shelter D. life
fr-;iI
\^-i
13. What is the meaning of holy nratrirnony'?
A. Man'iage in an Indigenous way
B. Man'iage in a Christian ceremony
C. Maniage between holy people
D. Iv{arriage in court
14. Judgernent is performed to
A. sinners B. everyone who dies
C. non-believers D. Christians only
15. The Muslim festival of lasting is called
A. Hajj B. Ramadan ffi o Eid-al-adha
16. A Jewish religious teacher is called a
A. priest B. rabbi C- p,"pl*t D. scribe
17. Why did Jesus teach using parables?
A. He wanted to show off
B. He wanted people to understand heavenly things
C. Hc wanted people to laugh
D. He wanted to confuse the people
18. At funerals. what type of support do cornnrunity rnembers give to the bereaved farnily'/
A. Religious B. Biological c. Emotional D. psychological
19. Who is given home based care'J
A. The blind B. The deaf ct. The orphanecl D. The sick
20. why is it inrporlaurt to socialise wirhin our cornnrunities?
A. People leam to live together in peace
B. People leam to be hostile to each other
C. People neglect each other
D. People will steal each other''s possessiuns
21. Councillors are elected duting the elections.
A. presidential B. local government
C. senatofial D. parliamentary
22. Shortage of accommodation in urban areas is caused by
A. people with a lot of money B. poor people
c. rerrr.
people t'ailing to pay D. rural to urban migration
23. Which one is a way ot'solving the shortage of shelter?
A. Building skyscrapers
B. Taking people back to the rural areas
C. Reduce number of children
D. Giving pcoplc nroncy
24. spent most of his time helping the disabled people in Zimbabwe
A. Bunrhudzo R. Chinyaradzo C. Matthew Rusike D. Jairos Jir:i
25. Wrich of the following is a rnetropolitan provirrce
A. Bulawayo B. Mash-central c. Manicaland D, Masvingo
26. A child bom by Zirnbabrvean parents while living in a foreign country becomes a
Zimbabwean citizen by _
A. bifih B. registration ('. rnamiage D. decent
l'ffiI
t^-/
27. What is census?
A. Counting of PeoPle B. Electing peoPle
C. Immunising PeoPle D. Educating peoPle
28. The number of people who live in an area is called
A. pollution B. census C' registration D. population
2g. when one scolds her children, what fornr of abuse is this?
A. Physical B. Sexual C. Verbal D.
Assault
30. The marketing of goods is done by
A. warehouse B. supermarkets C. silos D. tanks
31. Liquids such as petrol and diesel are stored in
A. warehouse B' tanks C. dams D.
silos
32. Which of the followilg crops is Zirnbabwe's major toreign cuffency earner?
A. Potato B. Maize C. Tobacco D' Rice
33. Food is preserved so that it can
A. last long B. have good taste
C. be easily sold D. be seen by a lot of peoPle
34. When did the second Chimurenga begin?
A. t966 B. t965 c. 1980 D. 1896
generation?
35. Which tour-ist destination in Zimbabwe is also the site for hydro-electrical
A. Matusadona B. Chiuzarira C. Kariba D' Gonarezhou
at the
36. The most effective way of sending rnessages to almost all people in the country
same time is bY
A. telephone B. ernail C. telegrarn D. radio
37. Disholesty, lack of cooperation and lack of communication lead to family
A. happiness B. conflicts C. unity D. relationship
38. One behavioural change that is uoted at puberty is --'
A. A pimples on the face B. growth of breasts
C. concerl about physical appearance D' voice becomes hoarse
3g.-isunbecominguncontrollab1ebadroadbehaviour.
A. I\.uau
.f\. Road rage
rasg B. Road
r-;r. etiquette C.
l\vau vLrYuvlLv v' Road safetY D. Road signs
40. Countries can promote sound interpersonal relationships by
A. planning individuallY
B. planning together
C. making demands
D. showing no tolerance
't't,.s't'7
l. Which of these families is headed by one parent?

A. Polygarnous B. Nuclear
C. Child headed D. Silgle parent
2. When fwo children have a tnisunderstanding at school, who
should help in resolving
the problem?
n. Parents R. Cornrnunity membcrs
C. Teachers D. police
J. what do all religions teaoh boys and girls whr.r arc in a relationship?
A. Have premarital sex B.
Consume drugs
C. Abstinenee D.
Trick each other
4. Donations to thc needy people can be in cash or in
A. gifts B. kind C. good. --- D. services
5. what action should be taken by somcone who has been scxualty auuscot
A. Should keep quiet
B. Should go into hiding
C. Should commir suicide
D. Should quickly report the rnatter to the police
6. Which of the follorving is an Islamic artef-act,?
A. Kaaba B.Cross C. Yad D. Mezuzah
7. Someone who is able to keep pushing clespite challenges shows
A. respect B. angcr C. cletermination D- tolerance
tt. Easter is a religious ceremony for the
A. Christians R. Moslerns C. Jews D.
Hindus
9. Jesus rose tiom the dead on the cla1,after his deatlr.
A. second B. torth C. third D. fifth
i 0. A tarnily is a group of people related through a corllron
A. spirit B. ancestor C. nanle D.
unit
I l. what is the role of religion in man'iage and family life'/
A. To give them money B.To offer counselling services
c. To divide the family D. To encourage dispules
12. Ramadan is an Islamic festival of
A. sacrificc e cclebrating Muhammad,s birthday
C. prayer D. fasting
13. which of the fbllowing can help restore broken fiiendship,l
A. Bittemess B. Anger C. Reconciliation D.
Injustice
14. What promote relationships in cornmunities.?
A. Communication B. Injustice C. Conflicts D.
Disputes
15. what are thc cffects of corruption in thc curr,runity'/
A. It causes joy and happiness B.[t encourages people to work hard
C. It causes suffering and porrcrly D.It build tmst
16. Family disputes are resolved through by a
_
A. contributor R. urediator C. nritigator D.
inspirator
@
1?. The image below is a place of worship for the
A. Jews B. Indigenousbelievers
C. Christians D.
Muslims
18. What is the natne of the place shown on the picture above?
A. Synagogue B. shrine C. Mosque D. Church
19, Which of the following parables teaches forgiveness?
A. Tlie fwo debtors B.
The lost coin
C. The ten virgins D
The prodigal son
20. The belief in one God is called
A. monotheism B. polytheism C. theocracy D. atheism
21. What does the picture below portray?
A. housewife B. a doctor
C. equal opportunities D. cook
22. The following are a necessity to babies except
A. Food B. Warmth C. Love D' Hate
23. Which colour on the national flag is referred to in the national pledge by the words
fathers and mothers who lost their lives'
A. White B. Black C. Yellow D. Red
24. The lettet C on SADC stancls tbr
A. Countries B. Comnrunify C. Committee D. Covid 19
25. out of the following which one is not an international organisation?
A. SADC B.
Red cross C. TIN D. NAM
26. One example of a voluntary organisation is
A. SADC B.
Red Cross C. AU D. NAM
27. Who rnakes laws of the country'?
A. Ministers B. Members of parliament
C. Senators D. Chiefs
28. The organisation that is responsible tbr the conclucting of elections in Zimbabwe is
A. ZEC R. Parliarnent C. ZIFA D. ZIMRA
29. What natrle is given to a docunrent which states horv property of the deceased is
shared?
A. Marriage cefiificate B. Heirship certillcate
c. wiil D. Register
30. Which onc is not a consumer right/
A. Right to larow effecrs of a product B. Right to know the expiry clate
C. Right to consumc anything thcy want D. Right to choosc goods and services
31. A tenant signs a document with the landlord that is called
A. inhcritancc B. lease agreenrent C. title deed D.plan
32. Which of these can be a cause of nrarital dispute?
11
A. Fideliry B.
Infidelity C. Love D. Honesty
Which one of the following is the role of a cirief?
-1 J.
A. Custodian of land and culture

B. Responsible of the day to day running of churches
C. Responsible for confliuts in the cornnrunity
D. Choosing ally womum in the community to be his wife
34. which of thc following deserts is found in Southern Afi'ica?
A. Sahara B. Kalahari C. Ethiopian D. Arabian
35. Which of the fbllowing can be a problern caused by sorne voluntary organisations?
A. They are able to assist the needy B. They are liked by the people
C' Some might be involved in politics D. People's lives are inrproved
36. Which place would be the best to build a hospital?
A. In wetlands B. In the middle of a noisy area
C. Ncar a residcntial area D. Very close to an industrial arca
37. Peer influense can be prevented by being
A. quitc B. submissive C. supportive D. assertive
38. One way of showing respect to elders is to
A. ignorc thern B. greet theln C. tcase thern D. beat thertr
39" The Govemment shows great respect to children's rights to education by
A. building clinics and hospitals B. providing shelters at tcnrrinus
C. providing educational resources D. having jucliciary system to protect us
40. Lack ofsexual conscnt is regarded as violence.
A. gender B. equality C. sexual D. physical
llfr\
L ./
TES'I'8
1. Your aunt's or uncle's child is your

A. nephew B. niece C' cousin D' brother
1 Most parents are failing to have euough time with their children because
of
e. t u"ry tir". B. lack of understanding
c. change of culture D. extra marital affairs
what p.obl** is faced by childreil in broken families
A. They have a lot of homework
B.-.They don,t know h.ow to spend the money from their parents
C. Lack of parental care resulting in living in the streets as street kids
D. They suffer from illness
4. In Indigenous religion, who is responsible for counselling
farnily rnenrbers
A. Pastors B' CommunitY elders
C. Imam D. Rabbi
5. Altthefo1lowingarecharacter.isticsofagoodffiendexcept
A. cunning B. trustworthiness c. faithfulness D. caring
6. In IndigenJus religion, people worship their supreme being through
A. anJestral spirits B. totems C' lineage D' chiefs
7. Mr Musasa is rnarried to three wives. He is said to havea tnarriage'
A. polygamous B. nuclear C'doublewives D' extended
8. On what daY was Jesus crucifled?
A. Saturday B. Monday C' Sunday D' Friday
on the cross so
9. which symtol in christianity shows that Jesus died for his followers
that their sins could be forgiven?
A. The tallit . B' The Bible
C. The cross D' The vestments
is not theirs
A. Steward B. Chaplain C' Bishop D' Prophet
1 1. What clo we call the Jewish festival

in which Jews celebrate deliverance from slavery
in Egypt?
A. The mezuzah B' Hannukah C. The Pentecost D.
Passover
12. Jews respect all that is on earth because it belongs to

A. Ancestors B. Allah C. Yahweh D.
Mlimo
13. FIow many Pillars make uP Islam?
A. Four B. Five C. Three D' One
14. Dgring whish festivul tlo Muslims rot eut or drink during daylight
for the u'hole
month?
A. Ramadan B. Eid-al-fitr C. Hija D.
Eid-al-adha
15. Why do Muslims not ear blood?
A. Blood caries genns B. Blood is nutritious
C. Blood rerninds them about their past D. Blood belongs to the gods
f
16. What are thc benefits of tolerance,/
A. Disturbance B. Unrest C. Grudges D. Peace
17. Technology can be positively used in religion by using it for
A. insulting followers B. inciting violence
C. preaching D. sending falsebrods
18. is a form ofsexual abuse.
A. Sharing school work B. Indecent exposure
C. Leaving pcaccfully rvith othcrs D. Drinking bccr
19. What is being used to manage HIV and AIDS in affected people
A. Social distancing B. Drug abuse
C. Antiretroviral medicines D. Anointing oil
20. Which of the following indigenous danccs is used during rain
asking ceremonies,?
A. Isthikitsha B. Inguquzu C. Amabhiza D. Mbakumba
C. Thc Pcntecost D. Thc f'cast of thc tabcrnacle
2l . For one to be installed as a chief, he or she should be from
A. the chieftain lineage B. a rich fu"ri[-_-
C. an educated family D. a well-known family
22. A boy-girl healthy relationship is that in which the two
shouid
A. Respect and tolerate each other B. Fighting each other everyday
C. Having cxtra rclationships D. Arguing s\/cryday
23. Which disciple r,vas crucified up side down?
A. Mathew the tax collector R. Simon Peter
C. John the Baptist D. Judas Iscariot
2-1. Which of the following types of farnilies could lcad to rapid
population increase?
A. Single parent B. Child headed C. Monogamous D. polygamous
25. Thc urganisation of rhe Sonthem African countr"ic:s only is callccl
A. WHO .B.AU C. COMESA D. SADC
26. An election that is done for a presiclent is calied
A. Parliamentary B. Local government
C. Senatorial D. Presidential
27. Why are people banned frorn hunting wilcl animals?
A. To recluce sclil erosion B. In order to preserve them
C. To educate people D. Not to be killed
28. What is heirship?
A. When onc is given the property of a der:eased person
B. Giving other people right to live in your house
C. Giving a men a r.litc
D. Proposing a girl fbr marriage
29. Who heads the judiciary'/
A. Chiefjustice B. Assessor C. Public prosecutor D. Judge
30. What was the natnc of the business rnan who played a big role in the colonisation
of
Zimbabwe'/
A. Charlcs Rud R. Cccil John Rhodes
C. Francis Thornpson D. Rockford Maguire
.\
31. Rhodes and his pioneer column settled at Fort Salisbury

wliich is presently known as
A. Mutare B. Masvingo C' Bulawayo D' Harare

out of fertile land
32. When the white settlers took over the tand, the blacks were forced
to live in
A.towrB.growthpointsC.reservedlandD.farms
fighters in the First
33. The name of the female spirit med.ium who inspired freedorn
Chimurenga is
A. Stella Chiweshe B. Mbuya Nehanda c. sekuru Kaguvi D. Chaminuka
-.
34. If a child beats his or her mother, he or she would wear
clothes for
hinr to be cleansed'
A. new B' snack C' dirtY D' black
35. If a man desires to marry a girl of the satle totem with him, he
would be cleansed by
paying with a white cow which was meallt for
B. breaking their retationship
a,- appeasing the-' spirits D' keeping the relationship strong
C. lobola
36. The picture below shows shows a
-'
cHEqLiE
llANli hli\Nll
t,,ly t0 Jttf f.lt\trtft 0[
II lF r[rLl L)F
l\!t.[ilR]
iltN1Lt.... -' - iil :illlililll\!\ll''lAllrl\t

riiri,,i*!i flr'{iih , trf! I "' r$.i \"
A. bank note B. coin C' cheque

bank card D'
for a short time
37. parents with or without children who decide to take care of children
are known as ._-- Parents'
D'
A. single B-r.tended tbsterC' adoptive
A. bittlr..l1tficate B' national identity
C. driver's ticense D. bribe
39. ways to prepare for examinations
a
A. Revising and practising past examinations
B. Copying inteltigent students
C. Forcing others to lielP You
D. Buying a lot of revision books
-is
40. The difference between sex and gender is
A. gender is biological and sex is not
B. sex is biological and gender is not
C. sex is determinetl bY societY
D. gender is not changeable
frG\
li^-,1
'l'1,s1'9
I. Which of thc following sacred places is rnostly usecl for rain asking
oerenronies in
Indigenous religion'/
A. Heroesacre B. Njelele
C. Chinhoyi caves D. Inyangani mountains
2. which a,imal is not used as a totem by Indige,ous people?
A. Lion B. Elephant C. Hyena D. Zebra
.
-'t Most religions believe that a marriecl woman become related to
A. hcr husband onlv
B. in-laws only
C. the rnembers of her denornination
D. all relatives of both spouses
4. was well known for helping the physically handicappcd people in
Zirnbabwe
A. Henry Dunant B. Jairos Jiri
C. Matthew Rusike D. Margaret Hugo
5. How oan one care for the needy at school,/
A. Sharing food
R. Mocking
C. Bullying
D. Sharing vulgar language
6- FIow can one behave when criticised lbr doing sonierhing whic6 he or she f'eel is
proper?
A. Scclld the person
B. Be humble and give room {br dialogue
C. Tcil the person to keep quiet
D. Report to the polir:e
7" Conrplete the following saying "a friend in need is a fiiend in il
A. danger B. crime C. village D. deed

8. In lndigenous religion a plays the leading role in the burial of the deceased.
A. ritual friend
B. rnothcr of thc deceased
Cl. spouse father of the cleceased
D. father clf the dcseased
9. What do we learn from the parable of the two sons,?
A. Obedience R. Toleran0c C. Forgiveness D. Honest
10. The fbllowing are religious leaders in christianity except
A. scribc B. pastor C. bishop D. priest
lt. What is expected of- a good citizen'l
A. Patriotism R. Conuption
C, Violation of land laws D. Evading taxation
12. Which of the following is an Islarnic f-estival?
A. Easter B. Hajj C. Passover D. Thanksgiving
13. A right to religion means You.-'
A. can disobey Your Parents
B. can create Your own religion
C. have the right to choose a religion of your choice
D. can become the leader of a religion
14.A1lthefollowingcancauseconflictsatsclroolexcept
-
A. bullYing B' fighting
C. resplcting D' scolding each other
15. Which of the following is not an aspect of integrity?
A. Accountability B. Leadership C. Faimess D' Cowardliness
16. How can technology be helptul to a religion

during a pandetnic'l
A. Couducting online services
B. Church leaders can scold their followers
C. Followers are misguided
D.Frequentvisitstohomesoffollowersbytechnicians
17. What immediate action can be taken by
victims of sexual abuse?
A. Go tobed B' Remain silent

C. Take abath D' RePort the matter
ls.Whichofthefollowingisasignofgoodmorals'?
A. HelPing an elderly man
B. Scolding Your friend
C. Visiting the toilet without permission
D. BullYing other learners
19. The letter'H' in HIV stands for--'
A. Heart B. Human C' Healing D. Health
20. Which of the following may result in adoption?

A. Orphaned B .Baptised c. colonised D' worshipped
lead to
21. If rnarilal disputes are noi resolved, this might
A. good living B. family union c. reconciliation D' in conflict
divorce
make people involved
22. What name is given to a person who attetnpts to
come into agreement?
A. Mediator B' Transtator C. Tourist D. Ancestor
23. All of the following can cause conflict except
A. favouritisrn B. respect
C. lack of transparency D' cheating
level?
24. Which of the following can cause conflict at community
A.Unfairdistributiorroffoodfromthegovernment
B. Works of a transParent leader
C. Community *.*b.., loyal to the values and norms of their society
D. A couple living peacefully in the comrnunify
a mountain?
25. Which oflne foltowing heritage sites is named after
A, Khami B. Mana C' Chinhoyi D' Nyangani
is
26, The heritage site with the origins of Zimbabwe
A. Heroes acre B. Great Zimbabwe c. Matopos Hills D' chimoio
fl.rT!
l^l.l
27. Why is it important to preserve our heritage sires?
A. To please fornrer colonisers B. To protect our countty
C. To show off D. For future generations [o see
28. The First Chimurenga took place between
A. 1980-2000 B. 1896_1997 c. 1896-1897 D. t9l4_l9ls
29. Democratic fype of governance is cncouragcd bccausc
A. involved in decision making
B. rnany people share the power and decisions
C. promotes violence
D. leadcrs dictates their wishes
30. The land reform prograrnme resulted in
A. sharing of rcsourccs by nrany pcoplc R. prornr:tion of poverty
c. shortage of land fbr many people D. the spread of cliseases
31. wlrich of the following phrases is not par-r of thc National pledge?
A. We are proud inheritors B. I salute the National flag
C. I cornmit to honest and hard work D. I salute religious leaders
32. What is thc main aim of SADC as an orgarrisation?
A. To train soldiers some skills
B. To help each other socially and cconortrically
C. To fonn one parliamerit fbr ruling member countries
D. To encourage sports activities
33. Which coutltry in SADC is responsible for Transport and Commurrication?
A. Cor:noros Islands B. South Atiica
C. Mozambique D. Zirubabrve
34. When was AU (fonlcrly OAU) fbnned'/
A. 1980 B. 1960 c. 1979 D. 1963
35. Thc capital city where AU (fbnnerry oAu) $,as fonned is callcd
A. Addis Ababa B. Mapuro C. Lusaka D. Lagos
36. Who cducatetl boys about manlrood and how to becornc responsible fathcrs anrj
leaclers of the family?
A. Grandfathers B. Mothers-in law c. Fathers-in law D, Sistors
37. which united Nations branch is responsibre fbr children's welfare?
A. UNICEF B.WHO C. UNHCR D. ILO
38. All of the following are branches of the united Nations except
A. WHO B. UNHCR C. ICJ D. SADC
39. Conflicts can bc rcduccd by
A. answering back and tlever giving in
B. being harsh and strict
C. withdrawing and finding a betrer solution
D. talking sottly
40. Stigmatisation and discrimination calr caLlse in others.
A. vision B. knowludgc
C. low self-esteem D, nothing
I'EST' l0
than one wife'l

1. Which of the following families has a tathor with more
A. Nuclear B, Monogamous C' Polygamous D' One pareut
2. One advantage of having good morals is -.----..-'

A.lackrespectB.gettingalotofenemies friends
C. gaining a lot of respect D' losing some
Being through ancestors?
3. In which religion do the followers speak to the supreme
A. Indigenous religion B' Christianity
C. Islam D' Judaism
4. What does Yahweh mean in Judaism?
A. The destroYer
B, The rairrmaker
C. One who brings in existence
D. One who cares for the infants only
5. which of the following is a rain asking
ceretnony dance'?
A.MuchongoyoB.JetusaremaC'IsthikitshaD.Mharrde
6. Who is the teader of the religion with the symbol below?
A. Abraham B' Muharnmad C' Jesus D. Moses
7. How rnany books make up the Jewish Torah?

A. Five B. Four C' Three D' One
frorn?
8. Where do Indigenous religion foltowers get their teachings
A. Eiders B. Bible C' Koran D' Torah
g. What callses conflicts at horne?
A. Shortage of money B'Respecting each other
C. TransParencY D'SYmPathY
sexual abuse?
10. Which ofth. fbilorving situation is sat'e to avoid
A. Walking alone from school.in a bushy area
B. Walking with f iends from school
C. Walking with both parents from chutch
D. Affending Sunday school with others
E
11. What can be done to malie people know about the danger-s
of HIV or AIDS,/
A. Ignoring infbnnation about HIV or AIDS
B. By not taking part in religious activities
C. By removing displayed posters on HIV or AIDS
D. By carrying out awareness campaigns on HIV oTAIDS
l2' Which of the following is a characteristic of an ideal marital relationship?
A. Deceitf-ul B. Honesry c. I,fidelity D. cruelry
13. What is a conflict?
A' Agreement B. Relationsltip C. Responsibility D. Disagreernent
14. why is having a dialogue important in rcsolving conflicts?
A. The parties involved rnay collapse
B. It is the only acceptable way
C. The parties involved can understanti each other
D. It causes tights
15. All the following arc good health habits excepr
A. eatilg moderately B. resting after work
c. eating fbod with one type of nutricnt D. exercising
I 6. Your brother's or sister's daughter is your
A. cousin sister B. niece C. nephew D. cousin
l7' In Christianity who gives guiclance to a man ancl woman who are atrout to get married?
A. Pastor B. Imam C. Rabbi D. Scribc
18. who commurricates u,ith the ancestral spirits in Indigenous religion?
A. Chief B. Sub chief
C. Spirit mediums D. Headmarr
19. In Indigenous rcligion. why arc parrgoliris considered sacred anirnals'l
A. Tlrev are sacred B. They are clelicious
C. They arc not conlmon D. They are sign of bad luck
20. of the following parables, which one teaches us to be preparecl?
A. The two sons R. The good Samaritan
C. The ten virgins D. The prodigal son
21. A family tree illustrates
A. father B. taboo C. lincage D. stories
22. Which one is an Indigenous hunting tool?
A. Hoe B. Sickle C. Spear D. Scissors
23. My father's sister is my
A. father B. grandmother C. aunt D. uncle
24. which one olthe lbllowing can influence the siting of a shelter?
A. Tinle B. Function Cl" Strcngth D. Height
25.|t is the right of a child to
A. disobey parents B. nm away frorn school
C. take drugs D. be educated
26. Barter trade is the exchange of
A. goods for goods B. motley for money
C. nloncy fbr goods D. goods fbr rroncy
EilI
i^L/
27. Whatdo we call the process of taking money fi'om a bank account?
A. Depositing B. Budgeting c. withdrawing D. Banking
28. Which system of government accommodates the rights of all
people'?
A. Autocratic B. Miiitary C' Apartheid D'Democratic

a violent stomr?
2g. what action can learners take when a roof is collapsing because of
A. Running home
B. Jump and stand on toP of desks
C. Hiding under the desks
D. Crying whilst seated
30. What mends broken relationships?
A. Disputes B. Forgiveness C' Quarrels D' Bitterness
of the
3l . Who take measures to preserve the culture, traditions, history and heritage
village?
A. Church leaders B. Soldiers C. Viltage heads D Councillors
the massacre of
32. Which of the following heritage sites reminds Zimbabweans about
Zimbabweans dwing the liberation struggle?
A. Victoria Falls B. Great Zimbabwe c. Nyaminyami D. Chimoio
33. How can heritage sites be preserved?
A. Gazetting Acts B. Vandalising them
C. Neglecting them D. Setting them ablaze
34. Which food is rich in carbohydrates?
A. Meat B. Fish C. Fruits D. Sugar
35. Which one is an endangered specie in Zimbabwe?
A. Hyena B. Jackle C. Baboon D. Pangolin
36. Study the boxes below about arms of the government.
Executive Judiciary
Which arm of government is missing'?

A. Cabinet B. Courts C. Legislature D. Judges
37. Great Zimbabwe is found in which province?

A. Harare B. Masvingo C. Manicaland D. Bulawayo
38. Gender equality is important because it
A. promotes dominance B. prevents violence
C. reduces haPPiness D. retards develoPment
39. Lack of personal hygiene can result in one failing to make
A. money B. friends C. prayers D. dances
40.
-'
Conservation of natural resources shows good
A. abstinence B. stewardshiP C' money D. assets
rfiI
\^-\/
$r$il0r
0
TEST I
SECTION A: [25 MARKSI
INSTRUCTIONSToCANDIDATES:ANSWERALLQUESTIONS'for the
1. a) parents but only children being responsible
A family that has no
l2l
familY is called a
b) Name t1e type offfies with the following people;
(0 Your mother's brother [2]
iiil yo.o brother's or sister's daughter tll
c) What is a foster Parent? tll
2. a) What are familY dYnarnics?. l2l
b) Give two effects of family dynamics' t1l
ti Explain wtry totems are impofiant?
religion' tll
d) Name ol1e way of marrying in Indigenous
that follow:
3 ;i use the picture below to answer the questions
(i) What is the name of this heritage site? lll

site' t2l
ili; srrt. the significance of the heritagesites to a country' t2l
U; fxptain the impottance of heritage
[1]
4. a) Define Pollution' l2l
b)Whichtypeofpollutioncanbecausedbyfactoryactivities?
c) State any ol1e cause of desertification' tll
ii Which activity can be a rnitigatory factor to desertification?
trl
t1l
e) Name ary one desert in Africa' t1l
5. a) State anY one tYPe of a familY' t1l
bi A family where there is only one parent is knownbetween
as
any given
c) what type of international relationship is shared ill
two countries'i
t1l
d) State any one life-skill that is required in resolving problems' t1l
.i Give any one cluty of a rnother in the family'
SECTION B: [15 MARKSI
ANY THREE QUESTIONS'
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: CHOOSE
[2]
6. a) List any two characteristics of a good fi'iend' [1]
b) State anY fonn ofsexual abuse' t2l
c) List any two effects of'peer influence' [2]
7. a) Name anY two world religions'
frel
t^-/
b) Define a parable.
c) state any one parable ancl outline the lesson leamt fi.om ltl
it. L2l
8. a) Define the following terms;
(i) In-laws
(ii) Siblings
b) Cornplete the table below on rhe roies of family mernbers: l2l
t3l
Family member RoIe or du
Parents
Children
Grandparents
9.
trl
L2l
10. 12)
tll
tr l
ttl
tll
tll
SECTION C: [10 MARKSI
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: CHoosE ANY
Two QUESTI0NS.
I l. a) what is the most cornnron nrode of transport in Zimbabwe?
b) Suggest two ways of preventing roacl accidents. [l]
c) wherc can one access traver rnaps in Zir,babwe,/ 12)
I r]
cl) What is the fastest mocle of communication that anyone can use
to
r:r-rn'uuuniuatc with s,nlcone in another town,/
12. a) List any rwo characteristics of an ideal marital tI]
relatiorrbhip. 12)
b) What causes uarital dispute,/
c) Explain the tbllowing types of mamiages: tl ]
(i) custornary rnarriage
(ii) civil rnan-iage
13. a) How many offioial languages are there in Zimbabwe? 12)
b) state any one role of the following Indigenous leaders:

tll
(i) Village head
(ii) Chief
c) 12)
Why is the burial site of chiels kepr a secret,l
121
14. a) Define rhe fbllowing terms:
(i) Lobola
(ii) Courrship
b) 12)
State any one effect of early marriages on population growth.
c) Give any health effect of child bearing on the tbllowing:
itl
(i) child
(ii) Mothcr
L2l
TES'I'2
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.
1. The founder of Judaism is

a) t1l
b) The followers of Judaism are called tll
c) State one benefit of belonging to a religion' tll
d) Givc two responsibilities of school children. t2l
z. a) Name otre intemational convention. ttl
b) Internati onal conventions are important because tl l
c) Give three substances that are abused in the community. t3l
a) Complete the table below: t3l
Indigenous leader Role/ dutv
( Chief
( ) Headsman
(i Village head
b) Wlry is a chiefs burial place kept a secret from the public? 12)
4. a) State any two functions of the United Nations body. t2l
b) Write the following acronyms in full:
(i) UNHRC
(ii) UNHCR Lzl
c) Outline anY aim of COMESA. tl l
5. a) What is a conflict? t1l
b) Give an example of a conflict at home. t1l
c) State any 2 causes of conflict at school? l2l
d) Suggest one way of resolving a conflict at school. t1l
SECTION B: [15 MARJGI

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: CHOOSE ANY THREE QUESTIONS.
6. a) Give any two family dynamics. t2l
b) What are the effects of family dynamics? tll
c) What is the irnportance of lineages? tll
d) Give one function of totems. trl
7. a) Complete the table below; t3l
Instituflon TVpes of needy people helPed
I Jairos Jiri
11 Mutemwa
1 Capota
b) Which religion encourages its followers to donate a fixed portion of

their income to the needy? tll
c) Give any healthy eating habit. tll
rfi\
\-.i
8. a) One example of a gender roie is t1l
b) is an example of a sex role. il
c) Give any form of gender based violence. lr
d) How can a communify help in Gender Based Violence? [1
e) One exampie of encouraging good behaviour is tll
9. a) What is an interpersonal conflict? ttl
b) Tr.vo causes of conflicts are and t2l
c) Conflicts can be resolved by and .12)
10. a) How can a pupil mallage peer pressure'7 tll
b) What are the dangers of negative peer prcssure? tll
c) Give two physical changes of boys during puberty? t2)
d) what is the role of guidance and counselling coordinator at a prirnary
school? tll
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: CHOOSE ANY TWO QUESTIONS.
1l. a) What is fbod'/ tll
b) State any exampie of food that gives proteins and outline the function of
prclteins in the hunran body. t2)
c)Give one exarnple ot:
(i) Indigenous fiuit
(ii) exotic fiuit t2l
12. a) Suggest 2 ways of reducing shortages of shelter in urban areas? L2l
b) Give one job opportunity in the construction industry. t1l
c) Give 2 ways in rvhiolr one oan acquire accommodation in toum. l2l
13. What are heritage sitcs'f
tll
a) Use ihe diagrarn below [o answer the questions that lollow;
(ii)
Which people built the site above'i l2l
b) What is the importance of national huitago sites? t2l
14. Explain the tbllowing types of elections:
a) Presidential b) Senatorial
c) Parliamentary d) By-election
d) Local govertrment isl
7T#\
lr-.,1
'l'Fls'l'3

l. a) What is a nuclear familY? t1l
b) Why should people of the same totem not nrany each other? t1l
c) Name any two items that the father is entitled to at the man'iage of tris
daughter in Indigenous religion? tll
d) What is the dury of the pastor in Christian marriages? tll
2. a) Needy people include the and t2l
b) Give two ways of helPing the needY. 121
c) Why is it important to help other people? tll

3. a) What arc consulner rights'l tll
b) State any two examples of consumer rights. t21
c) Explain how the sign below supports or violates consunler rights. l2l
NO CREDIT
NO CHEQUES
ACCEPTEI)
CASH OR
CARDS ONLY
4. a) Which regulatory authority makes sure that fuel is used wisely in
Zimbabwe? tll
b) What is the responsibility of the Grain Marketing Board? t1l
c) ZETDC stands for-. ttl
d) Where is Zimbabwe's hydro power station'? t1l
e) State any right of a consumer. tll
5. a) Personal hygiene includes and t1l
b) An example of a communicable disease is tll
c) State any one way by which communicable diseases can spread' t1l
d) How can communicable diseases be prevented from spreading? t1l
6. a) It is important to respect other people because tll
b) State two causes of conflicts at school. t1l
c) Give any effect of conflict in the conrmunify? tll
':rr
frail
\^-"/
d) Onc benefit of unity in the family is _
tll
7. a) Give any two fbrms of sexual abuse. tll
b) What is gender equality'/
ill
c) What does HIV stand for?
Ill
8.
d) AIDS is caused by
----_.
a) What is the ditference between a cross and a crucifix?
I
[1
b) What is the holy city for the Muslirns?
c) Cornplete the table below on world reli on;
I
i3l
Religion Syrnbol
&
9. a) Give two benefits of belonging ro a religion. t2l
b) Who is the founder of Islam? lr
c) The holy book of the Muslims is the lr
d) Which day is sacred to the Jews? lr
10. a) One right of a child is the right to fr
il) State one exampler of a citizen's right. lr
c) State any 2 responsibilities of a citizen. l2l
d) A patriarchal society is one headed bv the tll
IIYSTRUCTIONS To CANDIDATES: cHoosE ANy Two eUEsTIoNs.
II. a) what is the work of the consumcr council of Zimbabwe'i tIl
b) Why should water be conserved? tll
c) What is water harvesting't t ll
d) Which lbod nr.rtrient do we geL from the staple food of Zirnbabwe'? t l]
c) Give any one long term rnethod of preserving fbod. . Il]
12. Stucly the table below and complete it. t5]
Deficiencv disease Lacking nutrient
Marasmus
Beri beri
Sculy
Night blindness
Anemia
rril
t-./
13. a) Define the following tetms;
(i) PoPulation growLh
(ii) BoY-girl relationshiP
(iii) Child bearing [3]
b) outline any two effects of incrensed population growth. 121
14. a) Write the following national strategic institutions in full:

(i) NPWMA
(ii) RBz l2l
b) Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow:
"4ffi4
$7 %A
(i) State any function of the national strategic institution shown. ill
(ii) where does it generate the national strategic reserrye? t1l
c) Explain why national strategic reserves are impottant. tll
TBST 4

1. a) Give one cluty of spirit mediums in Indigenous religion. t1l
b) Why are taboos imporlant in Indigenous religion? tll
c) Complete the table below; t2l
Name of dance Occasion where it Performed

Mbende IIarrioge
Dinhe
Isitshikitsha
d) Identiff a war dance performed people'

by the Ndau tll
2. ui Give any bwo internalional conventions. t2]
bi State the importance of international conventions named above? [2]
.j One respontiUltlty of children is [1]
3. a) Explain-how the Zirnbabwean flag is related to its nationat school pledge.[2]
b) Usi the diagram below to auswer the questions that follow:
-
1;;;l
t^-.i
(i) What does the red star synrbolise'/ tll
(ii) Explain the significance of the bird. trl
(iii) Outline thc meaning of the black color. tll
4. a) Name any two ethnic groups found in Zirnbabwe. trl
tr) Muchongoyo dance originatcd from u,,hich part of Zimbabwe? tll
c) How many official languages are spoken in Zimbabwe'l l ll
d) Indigenous leadership hierarclry in Zinrbabwe is made up of the
and _. ill
e) Chimoio is a heritage site found in which country? tll
5. a) Write atry two drugs or substanccs that arc usually abused in Zirnbabwe. L2)
b) What are the effects of drugs to a scirool goitrg age? n
c) Wlrere do adolcscents find support in rclation to challcngcs at this stage? [1
d) is a lamily in which a child heads the family. I
6. a) Name any two substances that are abused in the cornrnunify. 12)
b) Give one effect of substance abuse. ttl
c) What is a balanced diet'/
d) Wlry should people exercise?
I
tl
1. a) What is monotheism'i F
b) Where was Jesus when he was tempted by the devil? u
c) Who baptised Jesus? lr
d) Followers of Judaism are called
e) Nanre one cererllony in Islarn that brings the fanrily together.
I
[1
8. Complete the table below on rights and responsibilities of citizens; tsl
Citizen Right Matchi n g Responsibility
Rieht to equality
Right to fleedom, liberly
and security
To accept other people's belief systems without
criticism
Rieht to protection
To use the obtained knorn'ledge and skills to
improve and develoP the coun
a) Why should people have good morals? tl l

b) Who is the founder of Judaism? tll
c) State two rituals that are done in Judaism' 121
d) The place of worship for the Jews is tll

10. a) How should medical drugs be stored at home? t1l
b) Before using any drug one should flrst [1]
c) We should throw rubbish into to avoid environmental
pollution. t1l
d) When using animal drawn scotch carts, there should always be one
person who the anirnals. tl l
e) Explain the meaning of transportation' tll
TNSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: CHOOSE ANY TWO QUESTIONS.
11. a) In Zimbabwe what age is the age of:
(i) MajoritY
(ii) Consent l2l
b) Give any two types of marriage in Zirnbabwe. 121
c) State anyone who assists a girl and a boy who are in a relationship? tll
12. a) Name any one structure with a historical meaning in Zimbabwe. trl
b) Give frvo rcasons why it is irrrportant to establish growth points. t2l
c) Give any two examples of mining towns. t2l
13. a) complete the table below on intenrational organisations; t4l
0rgnnisation Location of Head Alm(s)
Quarters
Botswana Gaborone To promote regioual
cooperation and integration
COMESA Zambia Lusaka
AU
b) What is the importance of countries being a part of internationat

organisations? tll
14. a) Give an example of the following types of properties:
(i) Movable
(ii) Immovable
b) Define the following terms as used in ownership of properties:
(i) Patent rights
(ii) CopYrights
(i i i)lntell ectual ProPertY
'l'llS"l'5
SECTION A: J25 MARKSI

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: ANswER ALL
QUESTI0NS.
I . a) Givc any two aspects of responsibility.
ll
b) State one way in which religions make use of Inforrnation Communicationt
technology (ICT).
c) Give two changes that happen to girls duri,g adolescence. ttl
2. a) Narne any two Zimbabwean national ancestors. I
F
b) what role did national ancestors play in rhe liberation struggle?
u) Givc any ono penalty for disrespecting tlre cnvironment in Indigenous tr
religion.
3. a) State any two f-actors that influence the siting and design of slelter.
tll
l2l
b) The picture below shows a Upe of shelter. Use it to allswer the questions that
follow:
a* lil* . _ ;
(i) State any advantage of this Vpe of shelter.

(ii) Explain why this type of shelter is suitable in towns.
ill
c) Explain what is meant by the tcrm inhcritancc.
irl
4. a) Wrat does SADC stand for?
ttl
b) How many countries are in the SADC?
Ill
c) why is it irnportant tll
for Zimbabwe to be a rnember of the regional
organisation?
d) State one fincrion of the SADC. ill
e) Name any intemational organisation in u,hich Zinrbabwe is a member. tillll
5. a) State any three non-cornrnunicable diseascs. lll
b) What responsibility goes alolrg with the right to education? tl l
c) How are rights enfbrced by the governrnent,l tll
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: CHooSE ANY THREE
QUESTIONS.
6. a) State any two characteristics of a barl fiiend. tll
b) Give one effect of peer pressure.
ttl
c) Name one law that was used to suppress Indigenous religion in
Zimbabwe. ttl
d) One symbol of etemity in Indigenous religion is -..--' t1l
7. a) What is a Parable? tll
b) Give any two examples of parables' tll
.1 State two roles of the following religious practitioflers in Christianity
(i) PoPe
(ii)Pastor ttl
L a) What is a religious artefact'l i1l
b) state any one religious artefact for the following religions:
(i) Indigenousretigion
(ii) Islam
(iii) Judaisrn
(iv) ChristianitY t4l
9. a) Give two causes of changes in family. t1l
b) What are the effects of family dynamics? t1l
c) Why is it important for someone to know hisiher lineage? t1l
d) Name one religious institution that assists the needy in Zimbabwe' tll
10. a) Why is the knowledge of rights important? tl l
b) two tife-skills that are requit'ed by people living with disabilities are
and t2l
and
c) Wfri.t*a"cational ptogtu**e helps to provide specific education
skills to children living with disabilities? t1l
d) How best can children with disabilities be assisted in a comtnunity
with
different Professionals? tll
-'
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: CHOOSEANY TWO QUESTIONS'
I l. a) List any nvo different kinds of election' t2l
b) What is a bY-election? t1l
c) The laws which are made by local govemment are called tll
d) Which organisation is responsible for the running of elections in
Zimbabwe? tll
12. a) Name any property ownership document' tll
b) What is a title deed? tll
c) Give one example of a movable property' tll
d) What are Patent rights'? tll
e) List any fwo examples of immovable proporties' [1]
13. a) Whnt is a national school pledge? [l]
b) what is the signiflcance of the national school pledge? tll
c) Explain the importance of the national anthem' t1l
d) nxptain how the national pledge is related to the national flag' i2l
14. a) What are national strategic reserves? 12)
b) Use the picture below to answer the following questions:
m
(i) Identiff the lake shown above. tll
(ii)
Which regulatory authodty is responsible for the nraintenance and
storage of water bodies in Zimbabwe?
c) Which storage facility is used for storing fuel,
tl]
tl l
TEST 6
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: ANSWER,{LL
QUESTIONS.
1. a) Give one christian activiry that alrects the environment.
b) When did the disciples receive rhe Holy Spirit,/ tll
c) Name arly two ceremonies in Judaisrrr. tll
l2l
d) Wrat is the role of the scribe in Judaisrn,/ ttl
2. a) What language was used to write the
euran,T rl
b) Thc -_-- is uscd to nrakc thc placc ot'praycr clcan in Islanr. ll
c) Why is the compass an important artefact in lslam? rl
d) Who is supposed to wear the prayer cap in Islam,l tll
e) What is the use of the prayer beads in Islam,? lll
a) Identiflz any food that can be preserved by storing under thc shade. ttl
b) The diagram below shows fbod that has been preserved for later use.
Usc it to answer thc questions that fbllow:
_t*
?
(i) Identiff the method used to preserve the food shown above. tll
(ii) State any advantage of this method of preserrration' tll
c) State any importance of preserving food. tll
4. a) What is inheritance? t1l
b) Narne one institution which facilitates inheritance. t1l
c) Give an example of property that cau be i.nherited. tll
d) Name any two places where a will can be kept. t2l
5. a) Physical abuse to children includes and 121
b) An example of a form of sexual abuse is tll
c) What should one do when abused? tll
d) One who commits a crime of abuse is called a t1l
6. . a) What did the clisciples of Jesus receive on the day of Pentecost? tll
b) When one wrongs someone, what is the most important thing to do? ill
c) What was Florence Nightingale known for? tll
d) State any two groups of people that were helped by Mother Theresa' l2l
7. a) Who is the founder of Islam? i1l
b) How do people in lndigenous religion communicate with God? tll
.j According to Indigenous religion, during which month should maniages
not take Place? t1l
d) What is the day of rest for the Jews? tll
e) The holy book of the Jews is called tll
8. a) What are religious rites? 121
b) Outline the following rites and rituals in Islam:
(i) Birth
(ii) Burial
(iii) Circumcision t3l
9. a) Name any lwo rites of passage in Christianity. 12)
b) Explain the following terms;
(i) Parables
(ii) Resurrection
(iii) Crucifixion t3l
10. a) One vatue of FirstAid is [1]
b) A good First Aider should t1l
c) What is the function of a scissors in a First Aid kit? tll
d) Showing or viewing pornographic pictures is a form of -- abuse ' tll
e) The home can contribute to bullying and other bad behaviours through-. tll
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: CHOOSE ANY TWO QUESTIONS.
I l. a) Name any institution that stands for gender equality' tll
b) What is gender equifY? tll
c) Wllv is the difference between gender equity an{ ualitv? It
frel
\^-./
d) Explain any two ways by which gender equality can be practiced at:
(i)
School
(ii) Cornmunity
12. a) Identify any workers'union in Zimbal:wc.
tzl
b) Name the prof'essions represented by the following organizations;
tll
12)
Olglnisation Prol'essionals represented
ZIMTA
ZNA
c) Why are workcrs'unions ilnportant,i trl
d) State alty one right of worters. tll
I3. a) What are occupational hazards'?
b) Suggest any two ways of preventing occupational hazards. trl
c) State any safefy precaution: tll
(i) Af work
(ii)Dul'ing leisurc tinrc
I2l
14. a) Outline how the following factors affect the the choice of mode 9f
transpofiation:
(i) Availability
(ii) Urgency
l2l
t ) Use the clistartce chart below to answer tire questions that follow:
SgtKm i2l0Km it93xm ittlKm

(i) what rs the distance tiom Hwange to Buffalo Range'/ ill
(ii) Which two towns are furthest apart?
tll
(iii) Outline the importance of distance charts.
ill
'l'lilS'l'7
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: ANswER ALL
QUESTIONS"
I. a) What are fanrily dynalnics'/
il l
b) TWo effects of tamily dyramics are and
c) Give two reasons why people cotne togetlrer at a funeral.
l2l
2. a) The trinify in Christianity is made up of
l2l
and t3l
b) State one artefact in Chrtstianity'
[1]
c) What is a denomination in Christianity?
t1l
3. a) What is meant by the term self-reliance?
tll
b) State any two effects of unemployment'
t2l
c) The picture below shows a group of miners:
In which class of career types do miners belong to?

(i) tl l
WfrV do miners wear protective clothing such as a helmet? t1l
iiil
4. a) Name any tourist destinations in Zimbabwe'
tll
b) Which tourist destinatiol is shared by Zimbabwe and Zambia? tll
c) Why is the national parks and wildlife an important
organization in
Zimbabwe? i1l
d) I Ise the- oicflrre below to answer the following questions:
---r_ _
:
:'r i' ,.' . ..
,. : l":::r ::,i11:l:i.irr
(i) Identiff the tourist attraction show above' il l

(ii) Where is this tourist attraction found? tll
5. a) Outline two ways of preparitrg for examinations?
t2l
b) What is the value of followihg a study timetable? t1l
c) Two values of good work are; and 121
!'t#I
l,^-J
SECTION B: ll5 MARKSI
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: CHooSE ANY THREE
QUESTIONS.
6. a) Name any two sacred places in Zimbabwe.
L2l
b) State the roles of the following practitioners in the Indigenous religion:
(i) Spirit mediums
(ii)
Traditional healers Lzl
c) How does respect of totems help in the protection of wildlife and the
envirorunent?
7. a) Give one benefit of family interaction.
tll
b) State one beneflt of caring for the needy. tll
c) List trvo characteristics of a good fi.iend. tll
d) What is wisdom? l2l
8. a) (i)
Explain why people fiorn the community attend a funeral in the
tll
Indigenous religion?
(ii) why is the kurova guva ceremony important in Indigenous religion? tll
t1l
(iii) why do people wash their hands after buriar is done?
il l
b) Explain the ritual of kurova guva or unrb*yiso in Indigcno,s religion.
9. a) What is a Supreme Being?
l2l
b) State the name of the Supreme Being in Hinduisrn.
trl
c) Who is the founder of Christianity?
tll
t1l
d) Followers of Judaism are called
e) Name any one Jewish artefact.
ttl
10. a) choice of career depends on many considerations.
tll
Two of these are
----and_ L2)
b) How can pupils get knowledge about various careers and their
requirements?
c) How can sftrdents get experience during vocational kaining?
tll
tl l
e) what is the importance of career guidance in schools?
tl l
INSTRUCTIONS ro CANDTDATES: cHoosE ANy rwo euEsrloNs.
I L a)
What is desertiflcation?
b) How do human activities contribute to desertification? tll
ll
c) Outline any way of mitigating desertification. rl
d) What is pollution? ll
e) List any cause of water pollution. tll
12. a) Why are maps and charts important for h.avellers?
b) Give any two causes of road accident? tll
c) Suggest one way of reducing road acciclents. l2l
d) What is road etiquette? ttl
13. a) Wrat are consurler rights?
tll
b) State any three consumer rights. tll
L2l
c) Explain how the diagram below violates consumer rights. t rl
14. Explain the meaning of the following terms:
a) Workers'rights
b) OccuPational hazards
c) OccuPational safetY
d) Leisure time
e) Tourism
TEST 8

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS,
1. a) Name any one world religions. t1l
b) Give one benefit of belonging to religion' tll
c) State any two spirits in lndigenous religion' t2l
d) What is one ritual performed at death in the Indigenous religion. tll
2. a) Why did Jesus teach the people using parables? tll
b) What lesson is learnt from the parable of the tvro debtors? ul
c) Which disciple doubted the resurrection of Jesus? [1]
d) Give any fwo rites of passage in Indigenous religion' itl
^'1 . A the picture below illustrates the effects of desertification. Use it to
answer the questions that follow:
ill
(i)
Outline any two causes of desertification. tzl
b) Suggest any two possible solutions to desertification' l2l
26u \
-.,1
4. a) Give lwo factors that influence the choice of the mode of transport l2l
b) which mode of transport can one use to transport perishable goods
overseas? tl]
c) Give any disaster that may occur in the communication industry. tl]
d) Suggest any possible solution to control hazards in the transport industry. it j
5. a) write any two ways in which one can be a citizen. l2l
b) In order for citizens to enjoy protection from the state, they have a
responsibilifyto tl l
c) which document spells out the rights and duties of citizens in
Zimbabwe?
d) what is immigrarion? [i]
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: CHooSE, ANY THREE
QUESTIONS.
6. a) Wlrat is confiict'? tll
b) Give any two causes of interper.sonal conflict. t2l
c) Suggest one way of managing interpersonal conflict. tll
d) State one attribute of resilience. tll
7 . a) Give any two forms of sexual abusc.
12)
b) List. any two substances abusecl at home. 12)
c) Narne onc way of ending substance abuse. ttl
8. Deflne the following terms as they are used in religio,:
a) Doctrine b) Supreme-Being
c) Holy Book d) Fourder
c) Placc of worship t5l
9. a) Give any three of the Ten Commandments. t3l
b) Who was given the Ten Commandments,/ tll
c) Which religion besides Christianitv believes in the Ten Commandments? [l]
10. a) What is financial literacv?
b) Budgeting is irnportant as it helps learners to ill
c) one acceptable and legal way of getting money is through tll
d) Financial Literacy equips learners with trl
and tll
SECTION C: [0 MARKSI --"
INSTRUCTIONS To CANDTDATES: cHooSE Ar{y Two euESTroNs.
I l. a) Give one career oppornrnity in the sporting field.
b) Narne any one organisation that is involved in human capital tll
development.
c) Explain the term self-reliance.
ttl
d) What is employment creation?
tll
e) State any effect of unemployment.
ttl
12. a) What is a lease agreement?
tll
c) The ntoney paid by a tenant to a landlord is called
tll
d) Give a.y two dangers of overpopulatiorr in urba, ur*o*i
ttl
l2l
13. a) What are national strategic rcserves'l
ttl
7ffi.I
i^-i
b) State any two national sh'ategic reserve institutions
in Zimbabwe' t2l
questions:
.i Use the diagram below to answer the following
(i) What is stored in the storage shown above? ttl

ity Wfrirf, Zirnbabwean institution stores rgselves in such t1l
containers?
14. a) Expiain the following forms of pollution:

(i) Land
(ii) Air
(iii) Water t3l
12)
b)Suggestany2possiblesolutionstolandpollution.
TEST 9

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS'
1. a) What is gender equalitY? tll
b) Give two benefits of gender equality 12)
c) What was the role ofihe aunt or uncle in a boy and girl relationship? U]
d) What name is given to money paid by the man during marriage? tll
2. a) Give one global effect of HIV andAIDS' ltl
b) Fill in table with two facts and two myths about HIV and AIDS' t4l
(i)
(ii
3. a) Use the picture b49y Lo
u,rjygt*-ql5[o"]p;!ggl9g
ffi-@
"ii
J "_*
r;i.I
\.-.i
(i) What type of pollution is being shown above?
(ii) suggesr any possible solution to mitigate the pollution shown.
tll
b) State any three effects of water pollution. tll
t3l
4' a) Name auy two Zimbabwean prominent people who were irrvolvecl i1
voiuntary work.
L2l
c) Who pioneered the school of nursing? trl
d) what kind of people were taken care of by mother Theresa?
e) Suggest one way of helping tlie needy. ttl
5. a) Relationships at home can be affected by _. ill
b) Intemational relationships can be disturbed by _ ttl
c) suggest one way of maintaining international relationshilps.-. tll
d) Wrat is the role of the WHO organisation? tll
e) state any one challenge that can affect international relationship. ill
tll
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:.CHOOSE ANY THREE
QUESTIONS.
6. a) On what day was Jesus crucified,/
b) Name ariy two things that happened during the crucifixion of tll
Jesus Christ.
L2l
c) which disciple entered into the tomb first u,hen Jesus resurrected?
d) Whcre was Jcsus crucifled'/
tll
t rl
7. a) which ceremony is done in Indigenous religion that shows
that they
believe in lifb atter death'/
b) Give any two rituals that are do,e wherl sonleorle dies in l,cligenous
ttl
religion.
12)
c) Respect for others is important because
i1l
d) What is peer prcssure'/
8. a) What is monotheism'/
tll
use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow:
l2l
ry::;
4,,
I
1+.
{s.
b) What is the name of the artefact shown belowl)
c) What is its purpose?
d) [n which religion is it used? i3l
9. a) What is adolescence? tll
b) Give fwo changes that happen to boys during adolescence. L2l
c) State any way of maintaining creanliness during adolescence. tll
fr]i!
l/-./
d) Why is it important to seek medical health care? t1l
10. a) Revocation of citizenshiP means t1l
b) A citizen bY descent means t1l
c) What is the effect of immigration? tll
d) Why is it important to conserve natural resources? tll
e) State any one example of a natural resoluce that is of
towist attraction in
Zimbabwe. tll
SECTION C: [10 MARIGI
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: CIIOOSE ANY TWO QUESTIONS.
11. a) Give two causes of the land reform progralnlne' Lzl
b) List one benefit of the land reform programme' t1l
c) When was the African union formed? t1l
d) Where are the headquarters of SADC? tll
12. a) What are voluntary organisations? ill
b) Copy and complete the fbllowing table; t4l
Name of founder VoluntarY work

a. Jairos Jiri
b. Looks after vulnerable PeoPle in
c. the poor in Indian streets
d. Henw Dunant
13. a)
Define the following terms;
(i) Departrnental store
(ii) Food Preservation t2l
b) Outline the foliowing ways of preserving food;
(i) Salring
(ii) Smoking
(iii) Reti'igeration [3]
14. a) What does the term'Chimurettga' mean? ttl
b) Which heritage site is shown in the picture below? trl
,iil#ri;t$:trfi:l*1ii:.I,.'..:
: .-'i 'i'r'r'r;L: :':':
': rlr 'ri i, .' ,'riidiii'lilii{i ;:$$riii:" iri: : l
l1i:i''î; '!: '.:":# "', . ' " "

't j ,' .
i :: :i.
-:,:,,:::. .
r:.:.,. i rl]: '' i
* F\'
*t
r
p 'ffi
c) Where is the heritage site shown above found? tl]
d) Why are liberation heroes given national hero status? tl]
e) Explain the importance of preserving national heritage sites. tl]
iz.i!
-.,/
1'ES'l' I {)
SECTION A: [25 MARJGI
l. a) What are the benefits of family interaction?
b) Give trvo ways of caring for the orphans and vulnerable children
ill
(OVCs) in the communiry.
l2l
c) which government program ellcourages the cleanliness of the
environrnent?
tl l
d) Suggest one way of keeping the school e,vironment clean.
tll
", a) What is sexuality'?
lll
b) Give an-v two circles of sexuality.
l2l
c) What causes intra-personal conflict?
tll
d) Name any one way of managing intra-personal conflict.
lll
3. a) List any two official languages of Zimbabwe other than chiShona,
English or IsiNdebele.
l2l
b) (i) Which-cullural practice is shown in the picture below?
tll
-ti
F ,. a
ii,li:
(ii) What is the in'rportance of continually practicing surt, .utrural practices
in Zimbabwe?
4. a) What does the term Indigenous leader mean?
ill
tll
b) Explain the duties of the fbllowing people:
(i) Village head
(ii) Headman
(iii) Chief t3l
c) Name one place where Zimbabwean chiefs were usually buried.
5. il
a) How do gender based noflns contribute to gender inequality? il
b) Wrat is gender stereotyping? lr
c) What are two consequences of GBV?
121
d) Give one fonn of Gender Based Violence. ttl
SECTTON B: l15 MARI(SI
6. a) what is the significarrce of the Eid-ul-udalr t'estival in Islam? II]
llt?;-I
r--./
b) Givetheroleofeachoftlrefollowingpractitionersinlslam;
(i) Imam t2l
(ii) Muezzin t2l
c) uny nvo of the five pillars of Islam'
iiit
in Judaisnr' t2l
7. a) Name any two festivals
Jewish practitioners
b) f*pUio tire role of the following
(i)
ProPhet
t2l
(ii) Scribe tr l
the Jews observe Sabbath?
c) iin wtlut day of the week do
tll
8. a) What are intertrational conventions? conventions' tll
b) Outline the importance of internationai
-ornpf.r. t3l
c) the table below on international conventions:
International issue internation al convention
Htrnran rights
1DisabilitY
l1l Child righl!
personal hygiene' i2l
9. a) List any two aspects of
tll
b) What are children's rights? t2l
the children in the community.
c) state two responsibililies of tll
10. a) WlrydopedestriansinZirrrbabwewatkontlreriglrtsideoftheroad? tll
Wtrat is the irnportance of road signs?
b)
file? tll
c) Why should cyclists travel in a single
t1l
d) Give an examPle of road etiquette' t1l
e) What are regulatory road
signs?

INSTRUCTIONSToCANDIDATES:CHooSEANYTwoQUESTIONS.
tll
11. a) Give any symptom of the Covid-l9
disease'
and an ePidemic 4111e tll
b) Distinguish b.t*."n a pandemic t2l
the spread of corola v1rus'
c) List any two ways of controlling
d) which internationui orgu"ir*io-n
tookmajor steps in helping member
countries to conttol the spread of corona
virus? tll
g'h of April every ye ar in Zimbabwe? tll
12. a) What is celebrated on the
t
1 980?
tll
b) Wlro colon rzed Zimbabwe before
c) WhatistheZimbabweangovernmentdoingtopromotethesuccessof
the land reform Programme?
tll
tll
d) What is self governance?
governmental election'? t1l
e) Wto l, elected during a tocal
tll
13. a) What is human caPital?
tll
b) What is self-reliance?
c) Explain the following career
types;
(i)
PrinrarY industries
(ii) Secondary industries t3l
(iii) Tertiary i"d"tt i*.
r;il:I
t--.,.l
l4' piurure bel'w of a hut settlernent
H!|} to answ-er the questions that tbllow:
,\ *,
T *::..1
' _.tu;
.. !,,r-
n,,
.., !
a)
b) ill
c) l2l
l2l
$EGTIOT
I
!.
t^-Jl
'l'OIrl(' I : lclentifv - F'anrily
I listory alrd L,ocal Fleritage
ilxcrt ise A/Nl ultiplr ( 'hoicc
t. c 2_ B 3.D 4.A
5.8 6. D 7. c 8.A
St ru rl u rcrl
I. a) Conffict nranagenrent is the ability to avoid worscning
conflict and rcsolving it
politely.
b) Marital relationship is a relationship or union between
a man and a wife whon
they get married.
2. Fidelity. love, honesty, respect
3. Dialogue, respect, ar.bitration
4' a) Home - unclear roles and responsibilities, greediness,
favouritism, lack of
transparency, comlnunication problerns,
unJmployment, int'ertilifv, child custocly
b) School - Favouritism or urfaii treatme,t r";;i;ilililie
rcsources such as text books, bullying, "f of basic
cgocentrisrn, theft of other learners,
property, differences itt ittteres[s and
religion, ill-treatment of others, i,tolera,ce
c) In the communitv - Differences in rcliglous and political beliefs, power, scarcity
of resources, lack of transparency, iackilf
5' Dialoguc, arbitration, ncgotiaiing in good faith,respect, poor comrlunication,
diffusion of.conflict
6' By giving more atte,tion to on. .hir.r than the others
.lurntth lanrl
l. rnarital 2. burial 3.
5. heritage 6. corrflict
dispures 4. fidelity
i. installation 8. chief'
9. culturr, 10. prcscrving
SFt('TjtoN,r: i\tljlf'f l,l.Sl (.'lt()t( L etlt,li-t tONS rrrarksf
i8
l. D 2.A 3.c
5.C 6.C 4.C
7. c 8.A
SEC'l'lON tt: S'l'Rtr( "t't rRti,t) {Jt[,,S'ftONS
l t 2 nrur.ksf
l. English, chishona, IsiNdebele, chiNdau, chiBar-we, Nambya,
KJroisan, XiChangalra, Tonga, TsiVenda,
chewa, T)iKaranga,
Sestwana, SeSotho, iho.u a,d Sign Ianguage
2. To solvc and deal with disputes in the rural
al.eas
3. To avoid people stealirrg from the chief,s
tomb: to protect the body of the chief
4. Ninga
Njelele, Heroes Acre, Great Zimbabwe, Chinroio,
Freedonr camp
Responsibilities;
Indigenous leader Duties or roles
Village head Assisting the chtef in
"n.,yirrg
hffi
out
Settling dispr.rtcs ar village level
Distributing tbod on behalf of the headman
@rying out his duties, e.g. safe
guardinf sacred days like chisi andplaces.s.ulh as shrines'

issuing out land in consultation with the chief
Perforining other duties in uc.o''duntt to tht tust
a Ir-*"g 1""d to headmen and village heads
a
""t
Supervising the heaclman and the village head
Prevents unauthorised settlemetlts
a Approval of nominated from the headman
t pioiectine the environment by enforcing customary laws
for power
7. To avoid panic in the communiry; to avoid people fighting
TOPIC 2 - Culturnl Hcritage

sticTION B: MIILITIPLE CHOICE QtlEs"rloNs Itt rilnrksl
'D 4.D
1. C 2,C 3.
5.C 6.C 7. c 8.8
SuCTIONB:S.|.RUC.I.UIiEDQUtls'|.lONSIl2nrirr"ks|
1. Is a friendship between a boy and a girl'
2. Honest and tolerance
3. The act of having children
4. Honesty, trusfworthy, caring,loving, kind
5. Negative effects of early marriages
a) Cervical cancer b) Suicide
c) School droPou[s d) Maritat disputes
'l'OPIC 3: National Flistory, Sovereignty and Govertrilltce

sll(:'l'l oN A : M tl l,l' l PLl"l (-'l t ol c Fl, Qtl Fl,s'l' l oN s ll2 nrurlis l
1. A 2,D 3.4 4.A

5.8 6.B 7. A 8.c
sECTION Il: s'l"tlUCTUltEl) QtltisTtoNS I l2 nrru'ksl
1'a)LINDP'-UnitedNationsDevelopnrentProgramme
bi UNHCR - U*ited Nations High Commission for Retugees
c) WHO World Health Organisation
- is free to exercise its rights
Z. Independence is a state whereby a pefson or a country
whilst self-governance is the ability to self rule'
Functions of
Aim(s
Southern Africa T" p**"t*'.g*nal cooperation and integration
Development
Communit
rfi\
t^L]
Common Market for a
To provide financial and technical assistance and promote
Eastenr and Southern social and economic developrnent anrong nrenrber states.
Africa (COMESA)
Aiiican Union (AU) To promote pcace, security and stability on the continent
by det'ending the sovereignty and territorial intcgrity of
member states,
Encourage international cooperation
To raise standards of living.
4. To promote social, economic, cultural and political growth
5. LTNICEF providcs humanitarian and devclopmcntal aid to childrcn around the world.
Sort nnd Cafcgorisc

"Respecting the brave.frtthers and ntothers The red colour which symbolises the blood of the
y$o lon^l their lives in the Chiruurenga/ liberation struggle
Unwukelu"
"We are proud oJ'the riches oJ'our natural The colour green fbr crops and vegetation
resoLtrce "
The colour yellow representing the minerals in the
colurtry
"United in our diversity b), ,rtu' L'otnmon The white colour for peace
tlesire Jbr./i'eeclom, j ustice and equalitv "
" ll/e ure proud c'reators and pafiic.ipant,s in The black colour fol blacks and their culture
ottr vibrant truclitiotts and cullure:;"
J'(JPIC 4: tl,ntitlemenf/Rights and Responsibilities

t.rtrrisc lli N'lultiple {.'hoie e
l. B '2. B 3.A 4,C

5.A 6, D 7. C 8.A
S(t'ucturr:rl
l. a) This is a fonnal declaration of one's intent conceming thc sharing of one's
prclperty after his or her death.
b) This is the process of choosing one into a position of leadership such as
presidency, senate, parliament, council or any other lrosition
2. Typcs of clections;
Senatorial elections are when the members of Upper House in the parliament are
voted for. It constitutes of candidates who are from the ten provinces into which
Zimbabwe is divided into. The senate consists of two seats for each metropolitan
district of Zimbabwe elected by each provincial assembly of chiefs. Senators are
choseu following the Constitution ol'Zimbabwe. Among the senators, there are
sotne wlto represent persons living with disabilities. In Zirnbabwe? a senator sits in
parliament for five years.
Presidential elections are when peoplc vote and choose the leader of the country
by rnajority vote. The u,inner of the election is the orre who would liave obtained
@
ffiofthetota1votesthatarecast'Ifnoneofthecandidatebeing process is
of the whole voting
this figure ;;;; r.-*n
voted for manag., to ..u.r,
done
ParliamentaryelectlonsarewhenpeopleclroosemembersoftheHouseof
in that constituency
Assembly'Arrremberofparliam.",i*"1.*.nfronrhisorlrerownconstituencyby
The winne' ot'tt" election
registered r;;;il"ugtr
an
"11.ii*
io. th, ff"ut" "f lssembly
of that constituency
becomes d;;;. in the t"'i tf"' one who
was elected
Aorr.
By-elecflo;;;hen electioiJur. arrested or runs away
of parli#il;t ;.till::,dies'
gets
as senaror, Member first vice ptesident
. ,u"unt post' If ttre presiJtnt frtt' the
within 90 days to fill tt
presidential te'* in olace'
assumes the presidency
to thr;#;ithe preiect*ot't
'
r3. The electoralProcess;
date pronounced bv
g Li;m: $r'J#,"".*:ljtilr. in the courl on a specinc
are trained on how

to
officers and elecrion agents
c) rffiT:#:Jr"rlT:rHl-
handle elections'
cur e a'd'rra1 *'11
:l iiT* *.'l:t i,'""il? ?ll;ii :::::ili l;:':'0 "'
se
of the
.,
poliing statton-
1e
the closure
as ,";;;; ;"ssible after
Results are announced
, t) system andmechani** *'io':'.:f:"'":T:ll:iJJl;TffitJ,o;erc'
ctorar nr ateri als
]'i#;in. i." * in g or
- ere
:f,[#,?[t,TTf obr.rr.rJri"rfa "iJ it**t f"tty to see if all poiling stations
e) I,depenclent election
immovable
shifted from one prace ro trre orher wheteas
4. *;nT#ies can be
properties ate fixed one Place'
at
5. ownership documents; * 1_,1)ôtocnle nwr of a proper fy by an

that inrlicate sole ownership
a) Title deed;:;;;ments
peopre are
rrolding titles to properties: lr:*o
; f.*:lttrH:-.;:iriif**re
involveditiscalledjointtenan.yu.,twhen*o,.u*involveditisteferredtoas
teuancY in common
nr,rksl
CII0ICE QuESTt-"*:ll2
I sncTloN A: IVIUIiTIPLE 4.c
1.B2'83'D+' 7' D 8' A
5. A 6' D
II2 nrrrrksl
SICTION I]: STRtlCl't]Rtil) QtlIISI'IONS
that a conslrmer has to
1.a)Aconsumeriscustomerwhopurchasesgoods.forconsumption
b) consumer.t*ir, *" the rights'and entitlements
purchasing it
inf66ntlo, it"* *y p.oduct before
L Consumet r'iglrts;
2. ^
go ods
r p ackaged
?) iH' lf* [ *l:T
date s
:fJ:iiFi:'HT'n :i,, o
"lfl
instructions and expiry dates
o
are ttot toxic to the users

ffi
;lTr'igJ;:lH[:i[.*;:i,l'n't as wer as medicire rhar
Churches, schoclls, conrmunity
:
4. Irnportance of gendcr cquiry;
a) and men tnloyitre same opporrunities,
Y:,Tj" rights and obligations in all
areas
b) Everyone' regardless of gender, has the
c) Both nren and wome, .i ail barancc right to work a,d support themserves.
d) women and men can rive without the ,r"ii "ur.i.rs and fanrily rife.
e) tt rids the socicty of gcndcr inequality fear orabuse or viorence.
fry .nrrring gcndcr equalify
5' Ge,der equality. imptles fquivale,t
treatmerit of men and women
rncans fairness of rlah,ent whiist gender
for ,ren and *orr.o according
;:IY to their respective
TOPIC 5: SHELTER
sr:( "1'loN r\ : NI I [,'r'r pr,r,, ('il( )r('t,, et] r,rs,r,rt )Ns
l' A 2. c 3. c
rl r,ur.r<sl
5.c 6. c t. 4.D
Sl.l("1'!()N lt: S't't{LrC.T'LlttFtt)
D 8.8
eU[S.t.t{)NS I I J'rar.trsI
l. Mcaning of terms;
a) Llrbanisation is the process ofLnoving
b) Squatte. settremcnts are iilegar,shcrtelsfi.orrr rural to urtrnn areas
c) Shelter is a prace where indilricruats ur. L-,,,i, il peopre anyrvhere thcy want
2. Wuy ol'acc1r_riring accomrnodation;
,i,rt iiorra", protecrior:.
a) Renting is when a tenant uses someone's
building to live in or for business
temporarily or for an agreed
_
b) Inheritancc is,whcn onll,1., lleriocl of time
generation or parcnt(s)
ownership of housing properties dics and leaves totar
c) Titre deeds involve buying and getting fu,
3' ownership of a property
Solutio,s to the shortage oruJ"o"rn
odation in urba, areas;
a) Preventing rurar to urban rnigrationby
creveropirs rrr. rurar areas such
establishnrent of gro.,uvth as
lloirits, banks, .lr,,p. ,lrA factories
tbr peoprc bv tlrc
'' :ll,{i}i;tT^';,Hcs s"i';;,;;.n*o avoid rornrarion orshanry
c) Dcveloprnent of a better econonry so
that peoplo can afforcl acconrmodation
especially for low income earners
d) construction of settlenrents that supp.r't
rlrore regal houses such
skyscrapers in order to recluce as flats and
the demana tir. i"io for
c) Provision tlf housing plans ancl ,rortgagcs housing construction.
by cstabrishcrj conrpanies and
especially banks
4. Factors affecting the siting
of shelter;
Influence on sitingo-* enq !91
This is the terrain ofrffifa *t tG
"t.
th.t6i is to be built' The surrounding
natural environment also influences'
iit' A larger size requires a larger space
determines the shelter to
for building. Therefore, the space that is available
*"tt'* ft theretbre has to be built in

purpose. In addition, it has to be built
such a way that enables it to serve its
close to its tnrget marke(
.
The availability of tiffi'Urim the shelter determines how it is to be
built and the rate of building it'
t go"*-ent and housing authorities
Thus, the shelter should not
determine and guide the type of slrelt"r to built'
ding shelters that

sienifo their culture.
TOPIC 6: Social services and volunteering

Wortl sclrch
Rusike, orphatragc' blind' life
voluntary humanitarian, Jairos Jiri. disabiliry Matthew
skills
ITI NTTTTKSI
SIiCTION A: MI-II,JTII'I,Ii C:HOICF], QLiES'TIONS
1. C 2,8 3.A 4,8
5.C 6.D 7. c 8.A
sttc'l'ION B: s1'lttlCl'lllt,lllt) Qtllis'l'loNs I ll rrr:rrlisl
L Meanirrg of terms;
free
a) voluntary work is work done to help others willingly and for to helping others
b) Humanitarianism is belief in the ruio. of life and willingness for free
c) A voluntary organisation is an establishment that does voluntary work
without making anY Profit
2. Table on voluntary organisations;
Volunt arv Organisatior!

Missionaries of CharitY S".rrrg tt poor, destitute and the dying
"
around the world
Mathew Rusike Trkr"g care, training and teaching of

orphans, wlnerable children and less
Children's Home
ivitesed children
Ways of helping the needy in the community;

the needy
a) collecting resou.r., io*urds meeting the needs of
b) Flelping people with disabilities
c) HelPing the elderlY
di Hetping people living with HIV and AIDS
J
ToPlc 7: Natural Hu'itage: procluction, Distribution and
Consunrption of Good and Services
litcreise C' /Mti[,'t"lpLti C]HOICti eLitis'l.tONS
r. D 2,C 3.D 4.A
5.A 6,8 7. D 8.C
Struclurcrl
1' These are goods or services that are held up by the nation fi-om normal
usage by people
2. Water, fuel, grain, clectricity, wilcllif.e and-,nc,ney
3 ' To avoid the risk of importatrt necessities fl'om
belng depletecl and resulting i, disastrous
shortages at a national level
4' Explain the functions of the following national strategic institutions;
a) The ZETDC is responsible for producing electricity for the whole counrry
b) ZINWA manages water storage and distribution for the whole counrry
c) GMB deals with the seiling, buying and sr.rage of cultivated grains
d) The RBZ is a national institution which keeps the state foreign cunency reserves
a,d allocates it to areas olnatioral irterest. r
sli( "1'l()N,\ : N'l l lt ;t'il't,l't ('il{ }t('t, el t,.s't't()NS 8 r*,.tisl

r
f
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B
5.B6.A7.A8.8
sl'l(l"l'l oN : s't't{ tr{ "t' I r t{ l,t I) eU t,ts't't { }i\s I r rrrar.tisl
It
i
1. Mabvuku in Harare
2. ZETDC
3. Selling, buying and srorage of cultivated grairrs
4. Write thc fbllowing acronyrns in full:
a) Zimbabwe Electricity and Transmissio, Distribution Company
b) National Parks and wildlife Managerne,t Authority
c) Zimt:abwe National WaterAuthority
5. Hwange and Kariba
6. Duties of the Natio,al parks a,d wild rif'e Management Authority;
a) Protection and preservation of wildlifb
b) Giving hunting permissions
c) Preventing poachers
7. Bulk grain
8. Exanrples;
a) Drying, salting, smoking ancl storing underground
b) Canning, bottling, rcfrigeratin gl freczing, slcrilizing, pasteurizing, 4chydrating
and vacuum packaging
l'ffiI
t-./
TOPIC 8: Transport and communication
rnarksl
llxcrcisc / MLILTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS l8
1.A 2,D 3.c 4,A
5.D 6.D 1, D 8.c
Structured
a)Transpofiationisthemovementfromonepointtotheother.
between two or mofe people
b) Communication is a way of exchanging messages
2.Factorsaffectingthechoiceoftransportationrnode;
of transportation' For
a) Te*ain - Til environment determines the possible mode boat' ship or air and if
example,if there is water then one will have to travel by
the terrain has no roads then air witl be
the suitable mode'
an area is also a
b) Availability - The mode of transporl that is available inone can only have access
choice,
determining factor. Despite having a personal
to transport modes that are availabte'
mode;
3. Factors affecting the choice of communication
to the information
a) confidentiality - This is to ensure that no one else has access
such as email and direct phone calls
being ,o**uni.ated. In such a case modes
are oPted for'
then a faster
b) Urgency - If the message is to be communicated with high urgency
modeisoptedforsuchasaphonecall,directmessageortelegram,
4. Distance between towns and cities; d)
a) 556 m b) 301 km c)
409 km 290km
5. Importance of a map's components;

a) It shows and explains the landmar'trrs on the map
b) It gives the direction
Word splnsh
luggage, air, receiveq telegram'
affordabilitY, goods, distance. mode, travel, rail, road,
lnapst messages' safetY
sECTloNA:NltJLI'lPl-,!l,cHOICEQtlESTIONSlsmarksl
1. A 2. c 3. D 4,8
5.C 6, D 1. D 8.D
SI"RUCTURED QUESTIONS II2 marksl
1. Definition of terms;
a) Aroaduser on foot
b) A mode of getting tiom one place to the other or more people
c) Communirition I o *uy of exchanging messages betweento two
toad users
d A symbol or signal that gives instructions or information
2. Importance of maps and distance charts;
a)Provisionofu.tuuldistancesbetweentownsandcities
EGT
l'-.i
b) They.provide directions
c) Illustrate the ten'ain of the area bei,g travellecl
d) Allows travcllers to pran for journcys with detaired info,nation
e) They provide a variety of routes to take
3. Politeness and good berraviour when driving on trre road
4. It gives an explanatio, of the signs ancl symbols on a map
5' To prevent further damage and also reduce the impact of the hazards and 6isasters
"f()PICl 9: Work ancl
[,eisure
Ii r r:rcise lilN'l ti l,'f I l' L li c' H ( ) I ( r li e t r II s'l' I() N s | 8 m n rtis
l. B 2. A 3. B
I
4.B
5.A 6. A 7. A 8.A
Sl nrclurcrl
I .
Explanation of concepts;
a) career oppofiunities are the various jobs that one can pursue
b) huma, capital are the trai,ed people to do various jobs or careers
c) Self:reliance is the ar1 of being indepcndent and resourcefulness without the need
to work for some
2. Effec,ts of uuernploynrent;
a) stigmatisation
b) increase in orir,e such as robb,y, housc breaking and thcft
c) immoral behaviour such as prostitution to have i'come
d) health-related probletrts such as sexually transrnitted infections, unwanted
pregnancies and abortions
e) drug abuse cascs increascs
3. Ways of being self-relianr;
a) Vending - this is engaging in the systenr of buying and selling goods to people.
Sotne people sell tornatoes, apples, vegetables, bananas
and books to ealrl a living.
b) Cooperatives - People can join hanils ancl work as a group d,oi1g gardening,
poultry, brick rnoulding, bakery and rnany other joint
activities ,tit.un help them
eanl a living
c) Fanning - Individuals can engage in the growing of garden products and cereal r
plants. These are then sold such as vegetables or used

for consumption at home.
S[ICT'l ON i\ : ti pt, (' (' t.
NI l ."t't t". I I ( )t ei r l,.S.t.t ()NS J I nrarks I
LC 2,C 3.8 4,D
5.A 6.8 7. C 8.8
sEclrlol\ B: s'rRUCt'LrRIiD euris]'toNs lr2 marksl
I . Explain the rneaning of the tbllowing tcnns:
a) Workers'rights are the privileges and rights that any worker anvwhere is entitled t
b) occupational safety is the safety of worlers at a wor.kplace
2. Occupational hazards;
[-zr?I
t.i
substances that threaten the
a) Bio-hazards are dangers that are caused by biological
health of PeoPle
hazardous chemicals such
b)
-/ chemical hazards are dangers that involve exposure to
and other toxic chemical substances
as pesticides, herbicides, iirsecticides, cyanide
3. Responsibilities;
a) ResponsibilitY at work
. Full commitrnent to the job in order to achieve maxinrum production
. Maintaining, developini and defending the reputation of the organisation by
portraYing
Ênsuring
it in a good Picture
. that safety is practiced at all times
. To practice integrity, accountabit:ity, honesty, transpal'ency and punctuality
b) ResponsibititY during leisure
. Avoid destruction ofpropertyand interferingwith people'srightandresponsibili
. Ensuring own and other people,s safefy during leisur.e time
. Maintaining Ubuntu/ Unhu during leisure times by exhibiting good morals'
. Prornoting good and healthy life styles
4. Benefits of engaging in sPorts;
a) It improve PhYsical fitness
b) It provides enjoyment and entertainment
c) It ielieves stress and improves good mental health
d) It develoPs social unitY
e) It prevents and manages chronic diseases
5. Importance of tourism;
a)Itbooststheeconomicbybringinginforeigncurrency
b) There is development of infrastructure
scene
ri It makes the coirntry to be recognisable on the international
d) It creates ernPloYment
e) It helps to preserve national heritage sites
TOPIC l0: Global Issues

T'rue or False
2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True
1. False
6. True 7. True 8. True 9. False 10. True
SECTION AI MUT,'I"II)I,II C]H0[(:E QUES'TIONS Itt NTTIT'I<SI
1.D 2,8 3.A 4,D

5.B 6,8 7. c 8.B
SECTIoNB:S'tRt]Cl.tlREDQl'Il]S.t.I()NSIl2lrrarl<s|
l. Definition of terms;
dry land
a) Desefiiflcation is a type of land degradation that affects a relatively
bodies as well as vegetation
region making it increasingly dry and losing its water
b) pilution is G inkoduction of harmful subslances to the environment
2. Types of Pollution;
!1ffi'l
l'^-J
a)
Lancl pollution happens when there is deposition
of solid or liquid waste
ntaterials on tlre land frorn municipal *uit.,
construction waste arrd demolition
waste or debris as well as animal excreta.
b)Air pollution occllt's wlten there are a lot of dangerous
substances that e*e
released into the atmosphere by hunian activities
fiom manufacturing indushies
and transportation.
c)Water pollution happerls when there is contamination
of water bodies such as
rivers, lakes, oceans and other water sources
by industrial waste, rnining waste,
raw sewage, car oil as wefl as pesticicles and herbicides.
Ways of miti gating desertifi cation
,
a) Refbrestation
b) Conducting awareness campaigns
c) Educating the society
d) Practicing good agricultural practices
e) Enforcing environmental laws
4. Causes of desertification;
a) overgrazing - This is when plants are exposed to intensive grazing fbr
extended
pericrds of time, or without sufllcient recovery
time. It .u., lri by livestock
in poorly tnanaged arcas as well as wild herbivore
anirnals in "our!,l
game r.r.*..
b) Urbanisation - This is due to human activities such as cutting down of vegetatio,
and clearing of'land for building purposcs
c) Deforestation - This is when there is permanent removal of trees. The trees
are
cleared for tho purposcs of firewood or poles for
constructing hogscs antl othcr
facilities' The cutting down of trees in tunr results in
reduced rai,fall
l''( - ;
i.l
.,.1 5 'L1 -* ;ii. j, i {.; I i. , ii*'.fl ,d{ ;{{}i\,, A,\f,.}
I
i\,it,B it.x d,
I'llg
1 i:'I t \ i"t{}5
't'{} Pt { ! *'"e rn ill
$ rrl'ris .\: I,1 rllilrlr {'lrnirr, !lti rr:rl lil:
LA 2. C 3.B 4.A
6. C 7. Ct 8. D 9.C
:. i:tiiolt l: 5tr rttrx.rri {.}rrt.iiulr,. i ii x j:ll.1.r;
l. Son-in-law and parents-in-law
2. Father and son
3' Foster parenting is when a child or children can
no longer live with their biological
parents or gr"rardians and are [aken by other parents
legailr.
-, r.
4. Scpat'ation. oeatn,
Jcpat'auon. death, divorcc
dlvorcc
I S. The effects of death of parents on children;
i ')
There is a sense of loneliness as one parcnt takes
full responsibility of the family.
anger ancl attxiety are generared in chilclren when
L"" *b]*ryIlty, parents die.
r#&
rl#t
.#
.,r
'"*'^*-*,
v) Children feel uegteuL'Lr
c) becomes difficutt'
to trust anyone "."d,:fiT: o,.'rl thev carl
i. children and
us';;ffion
can be dist
d) ffifii il;t
"rririq' u"
lil*T"slilJ;{',:m';'',:x#fiH1;T::$'*':x#:1TJ::::l,H*
"t" gnev of the 'leceased'
sap i"'*u'i"*-J**nX
e) A gap '" "'"*':;;; thJmselves for the loss'
L)
0 L/urrsrv'-mly
children r , ,-r^.r^ oelrre cows
zebra,
6. ElePhant, tion'.heurt, rbuffalo,
----^L "H13[:the
\ ;i;;;;i;orshiP' a church
8. One
g. Two
10. HolY
l,op ()uiz ., .. ^.^^ ication;working togelher
I"B:l*i&H#I'y#f,:H:r,:ffi1?"l,?i:1i11:"ingn"'a'uisi,gpiogramrnes;
accepting that nt
Helpingti,.mtostarttheirownsustainableprojects.f,oneisperfect'
other people wittr respe;il;Jstanding;
3. Treating has'
4. ResPect, tolerauce the effects of anger that a gers.ol
orcahning counsellirrg
5. Is the rro".rriii.o,rri,rg a;;;trs r',.N"r,o, proiessional
o *itr, rii.no,
Sharing .*",io", "l;;ffi;, or something'
r
I servicesl Avoiding.holding T:ji{;iti' 'oto*one
--^^+,.r,
empathv
,*r.,ing oranother person whilst
l. *kp"t*X;';il""t1il1i"
what the other person
is feeling' and
understands suppotttve' oncouraging' trustworthy
g. tf'""ia be understanding'
A good friend
decisions
resPectful' friends carefurly; being able to make
friends; choosing
,.
10. avoiding bad
indePendenttY'
Ctlt)lcf" ll(l l\larkst
SECTION i\: Nltjt;IlPLE
B it O. D
\;
5' C
roB
i|'.'""'"'iRucrr Rrir) er rl,s,(, -$ ilI tllill]

src.rroN ri: s r
in a familY;' of resoutces'
i Causes conflicts
rrnrt*ur roles, uufair
treatment' mismanagement
Z.Favouriris*, d;rh;;*iy,
k'
a*o marital relationship* o,"r1 wirlowets
r^..,.- and widowers
, fr[]il,-:mr;;;;i.ir.I11"1'
"
tottt:t':l,...,,.
--.,
i.g.i"g"gt"i1t'
regular
way; criticism ts
;.)Ti'ffi:Jt'"#if*llmq*il::'!'i-.'J#;;"'1;i;;;*'o'ling
ilffi; "ari.iJ* in a mature rture way of trandling
h;le' oI1' is beins criticised'

b) Keeping ;i'ry;;J'--fu"a** ""r*rv o"ii"o"ain :;;' g is o important' als
c) rreating ffi ;*"' ::t::;l"f#

.1) AcceptingJh"l:" :::l:"t-ti" Derso11al attack'
as a perso11al atrack.
not be taken 2s
:] #,'t:ttiilil:Xia
8"-1*-* *@###
@
*-*- "."?
emotions directing tt
.,
upf.;il;;'"urstandrng. bcing strong in rnanaging
of respecring other
Yr:.
a) Showing rcspect to others ;.;;I,'-""
b) Ir reduces coiflicrs uro*. one to rnaintain good
Respecr builds rrust
,r",;;;;il,
beings.
rerations.
:] in p.Ipi.."-'
Showing respec,t.r"or.ug.,
1] Being respectful
e) goor.t behaviour.
towu.a"'oinJlr."o,.
It makes decisio,s teaches thern to srrow
sria.J-ui ir"r,t'a;. *J."r.ri.rr,,"" r.espect as wer.
of consequences
'tr"{
r*fl{ J_dtt,ligi *lru lrf.{llq:
\\,lrrlri
t, \ (' t"trs ll: ,\i rlriplc { lroir:r Il{} rri;u'1..r,
1. D 2.8 3.8
6. A . 7. c 8.8
4.D 5.A
5 r.rlilrrr i: S{r ir.lr 9.C 10. B
I An earrhiy.,";;;';';Jffi; ;JH;
7.. Definition of teirns;
\i
I
a) Religion is a sc
r o urs an rt p r ac
i
I u,ran i ry,
fiTilill d'#.ll,'lli:l,.Y"iff
h
1-?-:l, ", jiffiffiIffi.iri c es rh a r rer a
res
;:TI 13l1fi :. r *iJ'-,ffi :i
"
I ^'] ervrrrurrrs
supernatural power
recqgnised as
Ji:,
ano
:T.
ls all afsul belietb
in
I
Key teachingis the rrain f^n,," the.. :.t".utorand governor of the world.
ft"fi ffllH"It*;.
i ^r^
i5. li,.,ffXIIffi ii,,r;,k:iffi Jt.,
3l llT lil
El J;,i,ll;l;:f
:y;li' lli:ru::'.,':
Sinron of Cyrene
l
lxi:i:*l
ffi
:L l:',i
,
1;
ffi
:'_iil ::,
1
lTlf
in
fr i1
ln:
lJ :: jHflilll
JHfffi ;1 x, ,
I
Surrdav
i
! t
Iove' apprec iati on,

h umi I iq'. I
l,,,,1::';::]:"' k i ncrness ancr generosity
circurncisjon, rslam. yad,

ilffiIil:;i.l,ou,.*, Jews, Monothcsim,
Uniqucness. Torah.
i nl, Iti,,\ i. rlt {.iil,i,i { rr1'r
t{E}ir {.;Jdt.t;*t.r,
Ir c
ii; 2
1 /- c 3D 4. A
! 7.8 8.8 5.8
I.Iillilillililiiiiiilec Itil
ir co,,servarron u,a;,;;;;,;"iii;;il:'*.,:*ii:narurarresources;
o.fo *'tut' on ; rorui as des"tr"r, pranting
? $lil;ilixx? ll: ^, e environm ent;
o1.
:1. Gabricl "r,,r

4' It is consicrered as purification
t. or creanriness
*.,. rhcv let rrre rarrd resr rbr a year
6. ii::I#:"';'ri:1'#.1;;;;;;
Corunrantlntcnts accorcling
withour surtivarion
fo Jutlrilsrlr
.
Z {l #
a) WorshiP no other God'
b) Do not rnake images to worship'
ri Do not misuse the name of God'
and keep it Holv'
di Observe the Sabbath Day (Saturday)
;; Honour and respect your father and mother'
0 Do not murder'
g) Do not commit adultery'
h) Do not steal'
about other people'
i) D0 not accuse anyone falsety. Do not te11 lies
j) Do not envy other people's possessions'
8. Russia and GermanY
-IOPIC 3 - M rrals and Values

Ertrcise C: Nltrltiple Choice ll0 mnrlisl
2,D 3.A 4,B 5.A
C c
B 7. D 8.D 9.B 10.
Scetion B: Struttttretl Questions ll5 N'larhsl

self and others and being
1. Greeting elders, telling the tntth, being polite, respecting
gellerous
2. Beneflts of good morals;
a) Building of trust
hunrility and courage'
;;They rru,ra good characters such as kindness,
tiIt enables one to know right and wrong'
diThey buitd honesty, purity, and generosity
e) It makes one to be easily accepted by the community and completing it
3. Respecting teachers, being prrn"t rul, being obedient, doing lvork
4. It promotes good ethics and morals a comnrunity should
5. community rights are the entitlements or rights that people in
have
6. CommunitY resPonsibilities;
a) to provide a safe and secure environment for its members for the community
b) To facilitate the development of valued roles and relationships
and its rnembers
c) To.n,u."thatthecommunitycommunicateswithitsmembers their
d) To ensure th. dols not disadv antage other comtnunities or
"o**rrnity
members
e)Toresponsiblyuseandshareskillsandresourcestotlreadvantageofitsnrembers
7. Human rights;
a) The right to choose a religion, freedom and peaceful assembly.
b) The right to life and liberry'
c) Freedom from slavery and toffure'
d-) Freedom of opinion and expression'
#,q
e) Right ro work and education.
8. International conventions;
a) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
b) Internatio,ai covena,t o. civilAnJ political Rights
c) Intemational covenant on Econornic. Sociar and curturar Rights
d) Convenrion on the Rights of persons with Disabilities
e) The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)
f) LIN Convention on Statelesslless
5,nl'l lt n r,-tr l r.,l rrt"ist.
Rights- Edur:ation, Health, Life, Basir: ncccls, Expressing
oneself, Belonging to a farnily,
Protection fior, danger, Repofting abuse ancr
exploitatior.
Responsibilities- Respecting clders, r\eeplng
r\wDtJreuLrrrEi urusrs' Keeping the envlronrnent
envirc,nrnent clean,
clean, Respecting beliefi
Participating in the local environrnenr, playing
3?1r":lr_l^:T,:r-::ll:,'s, and enjoying ycruth
yc,uttr
Playing tarnily rolos,
('l'lr ,\ \: rl{ i t!1,{ t. t li{}l(
A 2. D 3.8 5.A
C 7. D 8.A 10. B
1i
Ctinflict refers to a clash or disagrecntcnt bctwcen individuals

0r groups.
Causes of inter-personal conflict at school;
a) Limited and inadequate learning materials such as textbooks and
b) unfair treatment, fbr exarnple, favouritism towards other leanrers class furnirure. i
I
c) Bullving and harassrnent I
t
d) Unclcar rolcs. poo| planning antl poor conlnunicatiorr, tbr sxanrplc, it'thc 4
teacher fails to crearry and openly give roJes

to reanrers
c)
Gossiping and jcaioLisy
3' Handling change, optimism, cleterrninatior. resourcefuhress
Through designing and rnaking thenr, selling
1
5. beading, masks, pottery ancl sculptures
them
6 talith, kippah, menorah, yad, rnezuzah, star.f David,

dreidel, Torah
7. Cross, crucifix, the Bible
8. conducting sennons on television, ,raking rcrigious
books digital
'!'{}l'tr{' -t *{*f,igi*rr und fri*alffu
i r.i.'t rir li; \ iiti;llr.{ }iurr I Iii} i:r,il !,..i
I. B 2. R 3. R 4,C 5.8
6.C 7. D 8.C 9,C r0. D
,\ il ur:ilr ril t.)i t-.ili(r,rr i ;:i ;\{:u i.:.i
L Substance abuse is the exccssive and habitual use
of an addictive, harnrful or hazardous
substance such as alcohol ancl drugs
{#e
cocaine, heroin, alcohol' cigarettes'
2. Marijuana. prescriptivo drugs (pain killers),
steroids, corrgh sYruPS judgement;
3. Drug rerated diseases such as
lung cancer and mentar *lness; impaired
mental disorders
4. Children, women, girls
5.Benefitsofequalopportunitiesbetweenmenarrdwomen;
a) Increased human resources, spur economic growth'
b) Gender equality is good for economy'
ftre
better'
tj Gender equality makes children's lives
if there is gender equality.
il communiti., *.. safer and healthier
e)Genderequalitypreventsviolenceagainstwolnenandgirls.
6. Sexual activitY
7. Aunts and uncles
J urrrhlc llnd
healthy, hygiene' cleantiness
HIV AIDS, myths, awareness, adolescence, preventing,
sti[]TIbN ,\: NIflt,'l IPLE C[IOIL]]-' ll{l hlarksl
c 3'A 4. D 5.A
1.A 2-
8'D D l0.B
6. B 7. D 9.
st;tc't'loN Ii: S]-Rtj(.1'ut{ilD Qti[.,5'il(]l'is I I 5 Nlarksl

puts medical workers at risk' can
1. Public health challenges, limited access to treatment,
infectbabiesfrommothersduringbirtlr,stigmatisation
Z. Ways of preventing HIV andAIDS globally;
a) The correct usle of the barrier methods, such as the use of
coudoms
bi Prevention of mother to child transmission

c) Treatment in order to reduce the risk of passing HIV to the baby'
d) circumcision lowers the risk of gening HIV and AIDS transmission'

needles as well as
e) Avoiding risky behaviours such is injJcting drugs and sharing
anY sharP objects.
3. HIV andAIDS;
a) Facts
.HIV/AIDSiscausedbyhavingrmprotectedsexwitharrinfectedpartner.
. HIV/AIDS cannot be cured'
. { cirild can get HIV from the mother during pregnancy, at birth or during
breast feeding'
. cause HIV
sharp objectJlike fazor blades, injections can
b) MYths
HIV/AIDS is a punishment from God'
'
Prayer can cul'e HIV/AIDS'
'
Having sex with a virgin can cure AIDS'
'
. food and insect bites'
People cannot get HIV fi'om hugging, sharing
4. Advantages of seeking medical care; ^^ L^^-+
- --,- as
:"Tf;.,nr"i"";;;?, detection of chronic itlnesses such heart ,ricpac
diseases, differen
cancers and HIV and AIDS which provides better opportunities
for treatment.
' Seeking treatnrent helps in supressing some illnesses thus
improving quality o
tife.
Better care is given to people who are ill so it is important to seek medica
attention.
Longer life is witnessed if a person seeks medical health
care regularly and
tirne.
' Youug children are immunised against chilcl killer diseases
at different stages o
growth in order to prevent diseases such as polio, measles
and many more.
5. Adolescence is tratisitiortal stage of physical
and psychological development that
generally ooours during the period of puberty
6. ways of rnaintaining clea,[iress during adorescence;
' Washing hands before handling food ancl after visiting the
toilet is essential.
" Bathing thoroughry daily using soap and clean water.
. Hair should be kept neat ancl conrbc,tl.
. Nails should be cut regular.ly.
' Brushing of teeth should be practiced evcry day and at becl
time.
. It is unhygienic to use other people,s towels.
' wipe genital and anal areas from front to back to avoid bacteria.
' clean clothes shourd be worn and dirty crorhes should be wasrred.
7. Growing hair on face, atmpits and
Private 1'rarts, cleepening of voice, broadening of
shoulders, experiencing wet dreams ]
AI\SWERS F'OR CTJI I}AI\C[] AI\D COUI\SELLII\G

Al\D I,[F-E S KI I,I.,S ENT IC,{TIOIY
"|-0PIC I * Rclntionships
F,xu'rise ,.\/Nlulliple Choicr l5 ruarksl
l. A 2. A 3. A 4.B 5.8
6.8 7. c 8.8 9.D 10. A
Sectiorr R: ,Strurtrlrerl euestiorrs f lll nrurksl
L Definition of ternrs;
a) This is a relatiouship hetween tu,o countr.ies
t ) This is a shared relationship arlrong'.any countries
2. Intemational relations that Zintbabwe has;
a) South Africa - Trade
b) China - Trade and politicat
c) Botswana - Trade
d) Zanbra - Trade
c) USA - Trade
0 UK - Economic
g) Russia - Trade and Political
3. Responsibilities;
a) IMF
' Surveillance
' Financial assistance
. Technical assistance to promote the stability of rhe intemational
monetary aud
flnancial sYstem.
b) AU
IRiddingthecontinentofcotonisationandapartheid
. Promoting unity and solidarity amongst African States
t Coordinating and intensifying cooperation for developrnent
its mernber states
t Safeguarding the sovereignty and territorial integrity of
a Pronroting international cooperation
c) EU
t Prornoting peace
a Estabtishing a unified economic and monetary system
a Promoting inclusion and combating discrimination
a Breaking down barriers to trade and borders
a Encouraging technological and scientifi c developments
a Championing environmental protection
SECTION A: MULI'IPLE CHOICE [10 Murksl
1. C 2,A 3.D 4. A 5.C
6.D 7, D 8.C 9. A 1O.A
Section Bt Stntctured Questions [10 rnnrksl

1. Factors affecting international relationships;
up to the
a) Legal - t-egat problems emanate when the other parfy fails to own
' ,.rponriUiiities entrusted to it.
b) poiitical - Most nations thrive for politicat powers. Thus, in internationalto ntle
so as
relations, a state can desire to the power house of the relationship
over the other
2. Tolerance and resPect
3. Functions of international organisations
Organisation Functlotr
Intetnational MonetatY Sutveillance
Fund a Financial assistance
a Technical assistance to promote the stability of the
OMF)
intemational *orret
European Union Promoting peace
(ETD Establishing a unified economic and monetary system
Promoting inclusion and combating discrimination
Breaking down barriers to trade and bordel's
Encouraging technglogicul und scien
A
United Nations a Preserving international peace and security
(LIN) Prornoting cooperation among states and intemational
developmcnt in order to solve economic, social,
cultural or hum anitari an internatr'on al prob lems
Developing relations amo11g natiotrs
4. Problemss affecting
11 the intemational
rntenlattonal conl
communi
mLullty;
Problem Problem
a Climate . Global warming
change . Diseases
. Displacement of people
b Poverty Increased vulnerabi I ity
Increased human needs
c Migration Overpopulation
hrcreased demand of resources i, overpopulated cou.tries
ToPlc 2 - Norms, values, Attitudes nnd Behaviours

liru'eisc ti/N{ultiple Choice f tt nrnrksf
I, A 2. C 3, A 4, A
5.D 6.8 7. A 8.B
Section B: Strur:tured (Jucstions [10 nrurksl
l. a) Behaviour is thc way a pcrson ol thirrg acts or l'e acB or conducts towartls others.
2. Factors that affects the following;
a) Values - Physical environment, demographic (biological) factor, cultural factor,
economic factor and political factor
b) Behaviour - Abilities, gender, race and culture, attribution, perception and attitude
-1. Larger group size, unanimity, high group cohesion (unity), perceived, higher
status of the group, sulture, gender, age, and irnportance of stirnuli.
4. The limits of the abilities affect the behaviour, as can be seen orle can be seen to be
optinristic when looking fbrward to an activity in which one is good at. Contrary one
can be seen to be pessimistic towards an activity in which he or she is not goocl at
5. Steps when rnaking a decision;
a) Gathering information - This is the act of {inding out more infonnation about the
problem. This lias the capacity to cquip one with a relevant basis upon which
one makes an infonned choice. Too much infbnnation or too little can also
affect you. Thereforc. one needs to be cautious when gathering information ancl
selecting which one is relevant and which one is not
b) Chtlosing amongst alternatives - This is the step where one needs to make a
decision on which choice to takc after having fbllowed all the other steps.
With every evaluatiott having been done on the possible alternatives, one therr
prepares to make an intbnncd and wcll considered dccision
c) Taking actiou - When the decision has been made, it is time to act on it. In this
step, one then does what he or she has decided on.
r1ffiI
r.a./
Crossworcl
Across: L attitude 2' behaviour 3. notms 4. counter 5' Peer
Down: 1. resPecting 2' age 3. identification 4. open 5' assertive
SECTION A: MULTTPLE CIIOICE [10 Marksl

2. A 3'c 4' A 5.c
i.D
Section B: Structured Questions Iltt rndrksl
1. Deflnition of terms; one is self-
a) Assertive communication is a way of communicating in which
cotrfident and bold
b) Adolescents means young teenagers going through puberty
2. Influences on Personal values; character with
a) Religion - Religious belief's tend to create a desired human
Religious irrstitutions thus
prograntmed nJ.ms, values, attitudes and behaviours'
indoctrinate a Person t
filis noted in people who are in educational irrstitutio,s
b) Education - is mainly
as the education that one receives
from the instructor, teacher or facilitator is
somehowbiasedtowardswhattheteacherlikes'Therefore,
or peers such as
3. peer influence is when one is encouraged to do something by friends
being influenced to take drugs
decision u'nlike bad results
4. Good results support repetition the s4me
join together to shape the behaviour of an
5. Norms, values urra uttimaes collectively
individual.
TOPIC 3 - Understandile Gender and Gender-Based

Violcrrce
Exercise ClMultlple Choico l5 marksl

2.C 3.D 4.C 5.D
1. B
Scction R: Structured Questions 110 nrarksl
l. Definition of terms; being a male or a femate
a) Sex refers to the biological categories of 3n eithermasculinity
;i clra., refers to the construct of femininity and
2. Cooking, sweeping, washing, tending to chitdren
3. The ability of displaying maleness ,. , 1 --- 1.
is blamed for a particular behaviour
4. Gender stereotypingis when a gender
feminine
5. Because tt e sociefy cletermines what they consider as masculine or
SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE Il0 Mnrkul
z. c 3'B 4' A 5'A
1.D
Section Bl Strrrcttrred Qucstiuns [10 nrarksl
(GBV) can be described violence that is done to an individual
1 . Gender-Based violence
as
riilI
t^-J
based on their gender
2. Gender
is a sr-rcial consttuct of masculinity antl femininity whilst sex is a biological
distinction of being a male or female
1
J. Exarnples of how GBV call occur;
a) Physical - beating or hitting an individual using hands, legs or any other material
b) Financial - depriving an individual of economic resources that are necessary for
surival such as noney or stealing one,s rnonetary possessions
c) Emotional - shouting or cotttinuous ultering of wortls or tenns that are negative
towards an individual.
4. Negative health effects of GBV;
a) Physical injuries
b) Physical disabilities
c) Destruction of propertics
d) Stress and depression
e) Low self-esteenr
T0PIC 4 - Human Growth and Development
Flrercise D/Multiple (thoice [5 marksf
I.B 2. A 3.C 4. B 5.C
Ser:tiolr R: Strur:turerl Qucstiolrs IIll rn:n.hsl
I ' Puberty is a stage wllen both boy and girls experience developrnental
changcs that are
physical, emotional ancl socia[.
2. Deveioprncntal stages during puberty;
a) Emotional - These are developmental changes that are relatecl to an inclividual's
fcclings suc'h as bcirrg rnoody, dcvcloping scxual t"cr:lings and having iclcntity
cris is
b) Social - Thcse arc changcs that all'eot how an inclividual interacts with others in a
society such as taking up responsibirities at home and school
3. Physical changes that occur in boys and girls during puberty;
Bovs Girls
Development of pimples Development of pimples
Penis enlarges Growth of breasts
Testicles get bigger
Growth of pubic hair Growth of pubic hair
Broadening of chest and shoulders Widening of hips
Deepening of 4le voice Growth of huttocks
Expcriencing nocfurnal emissions (wet dr-eams) Mensfiuation
4. Pubcrty misconceptions are mistaken beliet.s. errors and about puberty such as;
a) Menstruation blood is dirty
b) It is not nomral for boys to release semen in their sleep
c) A f-emale cannot swirn or rLln or do any activity during her periods
d) A lbrnale cannot get pregnant ir-she lras sex cluring her puriods
e) The Penis has a bone in it
SECTION A; MULTIPLE CH0ICE [10 l\larksl
2. A 3.D 4,8 5.A
1. C
Section ti; Structuretl Questions [10 nrarksl
Peer influerrr. i, when one is encouraged
to do something by friends or peers
a)
such as being influenced to take drugs
developmental changes
b) Puberty i, uitug. when both boy and girls experience
that are physical, emotioual and social
and about puberty influenced to
2. Puberty miSconceptions are mistaken beliefs, elror..s
to focus on academic studies instead
smoke oigarettes by friends or being influenced
church or a particular religion
of focusing sport o, b.ing influencect into attending
3. Peer influence;
Advantages T)isadvantases
Tmnr.nrreq netform anCe Loss of direction and focus
Creates motivation
ihrtto"* one's views and perspectives
Pronr otes anti -soci al behavi our
Stimulates cornPttition
Boosts unitY through Substance abuse
-^llcctirre hehaviour
Achieves set goals and targets Loss of identitY
School drooouts
Abuse
occur to an individual
4. Physical pubefiy changes are bodily changes that
to discard; it enables one
5. It enabres one to k,ow which influe,ce to aclopt and which
assertiveness and self-control'
to have control of his or her life; it also develops
TOPIC5-HEALTHANDWELLBEING
Exercise E/Multiple Choice [8 nrnrks]
LB 2. C 3.A 4,8
5.A 6. B 7. c 8.A
Settion B: Structured Questlons I l0 nrarksl
a)Hygieneistlrepracticeofmairrtainingcleanliness
ulwu't*disposalisthewayofgettingridofwasteproducts that
c) Environmental pollutionis th-e act of disposing waste in the environment
affects it.
in the envirotrment
2. Through poor hygiene practices and by disposing waste
3. Risks of using drugs and substancos;
a) poor healih (d;Ss commotrly affect the brain lurrgs a'd kidneys)
b) Memory loss
i c performanqsq-ald ictlgglSlg
r6f!
tâJ
d) Negative and destructive behaviour ancl attitude
such as bullying and being
disrespectful
e) Stress and depression
0 Accidents and road camagcs
Erercise F/Mtrltiple Clroice f 5 rnurksJ
l. A 2. A 3. C 4,C
5. D 6. A 7. C 8.B
Srctiorr [f : Struclurert Qucstions [10 nrarhsl
L Bacteria, virus and fungi
2. Symptorns
mp of STI S:
o
Syphilis Sores in the vagina tlr anus
Skin rashes
Mcrnbrane lesions (sores in the rnorrrlr \
Gonorhoea i nlcx green or yellow discharge frorn the vagina penis
or
. Pain when urinating
_. Bleeding between periods in women
Genital - raut. lrcnlng and tenderness irr the genital area
watts . Snrall red burnps or tiny white blisters
. Ulcers when blisters burst
. Scabs (crusting of skin as ulcers heal)
To prevent further development oj'the STIs
-1 .
4. To know one's status and get early treatment

if positive
5. Effects of stigmatisa[io, and cliscrimiuar.io,
on people living with HIV;
a) lowersself-esteen"r
b) destroys self-worth
c) causes stress and deprcssion
d) develops suicidal thoughts and tenclencies
e) leads to drug and substance use anrl abuse
0
causes one to give up on life
SLC"I'lON,{: MUl,TIt,l,l.l (.Il(}l(li I I{t Nlar.ksl

.1.C 2. D 3.D 4. D 5.A
Scction fl: Strurturttl (lucstions f l0 rnnl.lul
l. Cardiovasculaq canccrs, respiratory and diabetes
a) NAT is a Nucleic Acid Test tbr HIV
b) communicable diseases are cliseases can also be refen-ed to as infectious
or
transmissible diseases
3. These are substa,ces iu the b'cly that fight of parhogens
4. Table on STIs:
rTildT
t^-./
@harge from the vagina orpenis
Pain when urinating
Bleedine between Periods in women
a V-gr*t dGomfort (e.g. itching and burning)
a Thick white discharge with a yeasty smell
I Redness or swelling of the vagina
D
Splits in the genital skin
intercotuse
a Siineing or buming when u.i!q-gg ot duri sexual
loss and extreme diarrhoea
5. Types of communicable diseases;

air
a) Air-borne - These happens through inhaling the pathogens fromortheticks' It can
b) vector-borne - These or"rr.. by being biffen by infected insects
also be through an infected anirnal
Toplc 6 - understanding rights and responsibilities

Excrcisc G/Multiplc Chnicc l5 rnarksl
1. D2. C 3. B 4.A
5. B6. D 7. B 8.A
Section B: Structured Questions [10 marksl
1. Rights and Privileges
2. Human rights;
a) Right [o education
b) Freedotn of sPeech
c) . Freedom of religicn
d) fught to law
e) Right to Protection
3. Related responsibilities to children's rights;
a) Right to education - To learn and respect their teachers and peers from
b)' Right to good and quality health - To take care of and protect thenrselves
irrlsponribl" .*posure to diseases such as HIV/AIDS
3. Criticism is the act of pointing out the wrongs and condemning someone especially
individuals with disabilities
4. Ways of involving children with disabilities;
'Being
a) patien(allowing them to finish tasks at their own pace)
bi necJgnising boundaries (avoid insulting their disabilities)
c) Involving them in all activities
d) Using a universal language (such as music to teach and communicate)that
e) Practising inclusive education at school (including teaching methods
accommodate disabilities
q Giving them leading roles at times
.#
Exercise Il /N.lultiple Clroice lS ruarksl
l.D 2. B 3. I) 4.A
5. C 6. D 7. B 8.A
Section Rl Structuretl euestirxrs [10 nrlrlisf
I
l. Meaning of terms;
a) Privacy is the desire to be left alone without invading personal space of
b) Consensual rneans in agreement
2. Forms of sexual violence;
a) Child sexual violence is a fbntr of chilcl abuse that includes scxual activities
with
a minor
b) lncest is sexual oontact between tar,iry rnenrbers
3. Examples;
a) Long-tenn efl'ects of child abuse include:
' Abusing and ,egrecting their ow, or other people's chikiren
' Mental health problems such as post-traumatis strcss, anxiety and depression
' suicidal behaviour and eating ctisorders and obesity
. Alcohol and substance abusc
. Aggression, violence and criminal behavioru.
b) Short-term elTects of child abuse include;
. Depression and anxiety
. Being violent and angry
' changes in sreeping cycres (nightrnarcs
. Regressive behaviour (failing to cope up)and h-oubrc sreeping)
. Low self-cstcenr
4' Fear being shy, need to protecl the perpetrator especially if
t6ey are flamily
SECTI()l\ r\: N,IllLt'tt,l,E ('H()t(.l,t II(| N,tnr.lisI
l.c 2. D 3.8 4. C 5.C
Sectiorr fl: Strurturetl {]urstiolrs IIll lrral.ksl
l. Deflnition of tcrms;
a) Economical abuse is abuse thal involves clepriving one of finances such a money
or stealing soursofle's nloney
b) Sexual abuse involves forcecl sexual activity on a victim
2. Scn,ice providers in a conlnunity;
a) Child care profbssionals assist in chilcl care and their well being
b) church and spiritual organisations provicle spirifual services inlinc with religion
c) Health seryices such as clinics provicle healtl care for the community
d) Libraricts provide educational and recreatit-rnal reading nraterials
e) Clounselling services assist with substance abuse, domestic violence, lilancial
and legal services
3. Skills that a disabled chilcl should ilevelop;
a) Personal hygicnc and care such as cxercise, proper nutrition, self-prcscntation.
b) Essential rnath to assist in saf'eguarding money.ieading tirne ancl rnaking
financiat decisions.
household, cleaning the house or
c) Househotd skills to maintain safety, repair their
shopping.
d) Essentiat reading to be able to able to search for
intbrmation, read instructions
and understand important documents'
e) Leisure and recreation so as to participate
in social events and go on vacations'
TOPIC 7 - EDUCATIOI{ALAF{D CAREER GUIDANCE

Excrcisc t/Multiplc Choitt l8 nrnrksl
1. C 2.D J. B 4,8
5.A 6,A 7. B 8.D
Section B: Strrrcturecl Questions [10 lnarksl
out his or her
1. A revision timetabie is a plan of action on how one is to be carrying
revision studying for learning purposes oI preparation for examinations
gives ample time
2. It makes one s.iasid" "oo,,gh time outsi<le oi class for studying; it
review and retain the
for activities such as to complete hornework, study for tests' and
infomration b eing learnt
3. They increase one's confldence and competence
4. Meating of terms;
a) car.eer path is a personally pret'erred occupation or job
bi Qualification is a requirement that is needed for any occupation
iu."", exhibition is a festival where careers are explained
"i
5. parental guidance, vocational guidance, identification with admired figures (role
personal interests and ability
models), trial or part-time jobs, training opportunities,
tests.
SECTION A: l\{UUtIPLE CHOICE ll0 N'larksl

1.C 2. B 3' C 4' B 5'A
Sectiotr B: Structured Questions Illl nr*rrksl
1. Explanation of terms; in a business
a) Profit is when one makes more money than what was used or invested
b) Loss implies that the rnoney made from any business is less than what was used
or invested
I Z. Importance of financial
literacy;
.
values
' tnake the best decisions based on personal
. saving money by knowing about personal finance so as to save money on taxes'
rent, mortgage, investing fees amongst others'
. Ability to make better financial decisions'
. Effective management of money and debt'
' It equips one to reach financial goals'
3. Benefits of the following concepts;
. It prevents unnecessary spending of money
- I -l _ lr I lr ll i I | -
r -
E
-
' Eaming molley is a result of exchanging time or
work for cash, payment or a pay
check
4. It equips one with adequate intbrmation al:out any
desirecl career path
5. They increase one,s confidence and conrpetence
TOPIC 8 - CITIZENSHIPAND VOI,UN'I'EERISM

lixercise J/Nlultiptc Choicc f S rnrr.lisf
l.c 2. D 3. D 4. B 5.A
Section Il:
Strucfur.ect eucstions Illl rlrarl<sl
L Definition of terms;
a) Responsibilities are duties or rrri,gs .hat individuars should do
b) A citizen is a person living a placc bccause of bir1h, descent or registration.
2. Importance of rights and responribiliti.r;
a) Social contr:ol - Rights and duties serve as a guide to hurnan oonduct
and
relationship in the society which therefore sels
that enable citizens to control
themselves in the society
b) rhey herp to guara,tee peace i,
l::::.:.Yl::,li]i:.1':
I::p:.tecl,
and cnsure political stability in the sociuty
rhe sociery
3. Rights ald !h.,j n*lg]11g responsibilities;

Citizen Risht Matching Responsibili
Righr to To accept others without judging them
Right to fi'eedonr, liberty and Not to violate the fi.eeclorn on.1 p"oce ot others
Right to fi'eedonr of religion To acoept other people,s belief svsterns u,ithout

cntlclslTl
Right to protection by state Not to perfornr crirninal activitiei
Right to culfure and education To usc the obtainea k,ro*t.ag;;;d mlo
irnprove and develop the
Right to law befbre any To respect thejustice system and law.rfo...r,
unishntcnt
Right to vote To participate peacefully in campaiffind the
Right to fi'eedom of'speech To be respectful of others and avoid criticism

thought or belief
Right to a suitable environnrent To practice activities that protect tf.," irrir*ilJ
and avoid environmental pollution
SECTION A: lvlt,[,I'tpt,F] CHor( U

lt(] Nlarksl
l. c 2. C 3. A 4.B 5.D
S*ction [i: Str.ucturcd eucstions Jl{l lrrtr.ksi
I. Reasoirs why people irnrnigrate ar.e;
. Better opportunities to find work
FT
r Better living conditions
. To be with their spouses or farnilies
. To escape their troubled counttY
. To get the best education
2. Voluntarism is the act of engaging in voluntary work in the community
3. Ways in which one car do voluntary work in the community;
. Volunteering to clean the environment
. Volunteering at the local library
. Volunteering to chaperone a field trip
. Volunteering with a local non-profit organisation
. Volunteering at an animal shelter
. Volunteering at a community centre
4. They control the society, maintain peace and discipline
5. To check if one has permission to travel; to check if the travel documents are not
fake; to prevent unlawful enhy into a country
TOPIC 9. MAI{AGEMENT OF RESOURCES A]\D

ASSETS
Excreiso I#Muttiple Choicc [5 nrarksl
1.C 2. A 3.8 4. A s'c
Scction B: Structurcd Qucstions 110 marksl
1. Ways of maintaining community properties;
. Rernoving dangerous objects frotn public places
. Cleaning the environment
. Planting trees and flowers
. Maintenance of community facilities
. Organising clean-uP camPaigns
2. Community facilities and the seryices they offer;
. Libraries - they offer reading materials for academic and recreational purposes
. Senior citizens centres - they offer help to the elderly
. Meeting rooms - they offer places for people to hold meetings, seminars and
conferences
. Health clinics - they offer medical seryices to the community
. Schools - they educate the community academically
SECTION A: MULt"IPt,ll CHOICB Jl0 Mrrrksl

1.A 2. B 3.A 4. B s'A
Scction B: Structured Questions [10 nrarksl
1. Meaning of terms;
a) Couservation is safeguarding of resources
b) Natural resources are any natural substances fi'om the earth that humans usc to
m
support life
2. water, oil, coal, nafural gas, rnctals, stone ancl sand, aiq sunlight, soil, coal,
natural
gas and oil
3. Libraries, parks, playgrounds, spor"ting fields
4' This is the maintenallce of properties that are found in the commulity
so that they
rcrnain functional
5. So that. they are not misused and are no[ depleted
'I'OPIC IO - SA IiII'rY AI\D PROTECTION

Ilrcrcisc L/Multipk: ('hnicc [5 rrr:rrlisl
l. D 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A
Sec(ion f:l: Stnrcluretl euestiolts f lll rnarl<sl
L Meatring of terms;
a) A pedestrian is a road user on tbot
b) A road user is anyone who travels using tlre road
c) A passenger is anyone who uses public transport
2- Safety measures that a pedestrian should always follow;
' Walking on the right hand sidc of the road so that they arc firlly aware of oncoming
traffic
a
w'alking on the designated pcdestrian track and not on the main road
a
Wearing of reflective clothing especially during the night so tirat they
are easily
seen by ntotorists
' using the zebra-crossiug section whe, crossirg the roacl
' Helping children, tlre eldcrly and clisablcd to cross thc road
' Lookittg to the right lirst, to the teft anci rhen rigirt again befbre crossing the roacl
3. Conrpleting the table;
Tlansport mode Passenger satgty measure
Bicycle Wear a helmet and protective clothing fo. krr... urd .lbo*.
Train Avoid rnoving rvhen the train is in motion
Avoid p!,rtting heads out thrgggllthe window
Car Alr,vays put a scat hclt
Avoid sitting on the edge boards of trucks
Avoid putting heads out through the windorv
4. So as to avoid accidents
Fltrrt'isc NIi Nlultiplc (lhoirr l8 nrar"list
L D 2. C 3. B 4.C
5. B 6. B 7. B 8.D
Srctiorr B; Stl.lrrfurctl Qucstiorrs Ill] rrrlrrlisl
L Definition of tenns;
a) Road sig.s are signs, symbols or markings that regulate traffic on the road
b) Road nrarkings are synbols on the road surfhoe used to regulate traffic laws
A
2. It guu'antees sat-ety on the road for road users
J. atural dtsasters;
Natural disasters;
Disaster Causes
Drought
-E*tt"*"ly high land and water temperatures ,
I
ExtremelY low
Tr"pp-d-tr'*", on" region that is allowed to warm to
Heat wave and high-
Urr.huru.t.ristic temp.tut*tt due to sunlight
pressu
4. Exarnples of types of natural disasters;

a) Hydrological - avalanches and floods volcanic activity
b) Geophysical - earthquakes, tandslides, tsunamis and
SECTION A: MULTIPLE CtlOlCE' [10
Marksl
2.8 3'C 4' A s'B
l.c
Section B: Structured Questions [10 rnarksl
1. Explain of tet'rns; , person
., ,----^.. ^- ^ .,:^r.
or a victtm
a) First Aid is the first help that is given to an injured
b)ICTmeansanydevicethatenablesonetoaccesstheinternetandmanysocial
media Platforms
everything else
c) Defensive driving is driving that promotes safety above
2. Applying direct prr.**" to the
wound and bandaging it
3. Dangers of using ICT;
.The unauthorised iakirrg of photographs
using a mobile phone or digital camera
. inappropriate to the school environment
Accessing online material that is rff.gut or
.Accessitlg age-restdcted material
. or plagiarisrl in an assessment
Using ICT to tacilitate cheating in an examination,
4. Effects of natural disasters;
Disaster Effects
Drought
. AnxietY or dePression about econornic losses tn
societY
. Conflicts when there is not enough water
. Reduced incomes
. Fewer recreational activities
. Higher incidents of heat stroke
. LJs of human life' Cause an itrcreased risk of lvildfire
Landslido
. Loss of life
' Destmction of infrastructwe
. Darnage to land
. Loss of natural resources landslide material
can also
block rivers and increas" th" tisk of flot'dt -
material they get from the i-rrtemet
5. Learners to be watchful of the eclucational
because it can be rnisleading, violent,
age-unsuitable and cause bad behaviour'
ANSWtsRS F'OR SECTION B
ITEVISION'I'ESI' PAPER I
TEST I
1. A 2.A 3.D 4,8

6.D 7. 5.A
D 8.8 9.8 10. c
ll. D 12. I) 13. c 14. A 15. c
16. A 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. A
21. c 22. B 23. R 24. B 25. A
26. C 27. A 28. A 29. C 30. B
31. c 32. R 33. rl 34. C 35. I)
36. A 37. A 38. A 39. B 40. A
1'tis"t" 2
I, B 2.A 3. I) 4,8 5.D

6.C 7. C 8.A 9.A 10. B
lr. A 12. A 13. c 14. c 15. C
16. B 17. A 18. A 19. D 20. c
2t. c 22. C 23. t) 24. C 25. C
26. A 27. D 28. A )t) (- 30. B
3r. c 32. C 33. B
36.
34. A 35A
Cl 37. B 38. B 39. D 40. c
't'ns't'l
l. A 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.D
{';.B 7. B 8.A 9.C
ll. i0. c
D 12. c 13. C 14. B 15. D"
I6. D 17. A 18. Il 19. c 20. c
2t. c 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. C
21. D 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. A
26. A 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. c
31. B 32. A 33. A 34. D 35. B
36. D 37. A 38. D 39. B 40A
'l'l.,lS'l'.1
l. c 2.A 3.8 4,8 5.8

6.8 7, C 8.A 9,8
ll. D 10, c
t2. B 13. c 14. c 15. D
r6. B 17. D r8. A 19. A 20. A
21. B 22. D 23. D 24. A 2s. A
26, C 27, A 28. B 29. C 30. A
31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. C
36. B 37. A 3tt. c 39. A 40. c
f-,Gl
t-./
'tE,s'l'5
1. C 2.B 3.4 4.C 5.C
8.D 9.A 10. c
6,8 7, A
13. A 14. D 15. B
11. D 12. A
18. A 19. A 20. c
16. A 17. D
22. D 23. A. 74. C 25.D
21. B
28. A 29. B 30. D
26. A 27.8
33. A 34. B 35. B
31. A 32. D
38. C 39. C 40. A
36. D 37. B
'rES'l'6
1.D 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.A
6,A 7. C 8.A 9,B 10. D
14. A 15. B
11. A t2. c 13. B
18. c 19. D 20. A
16. B 17. B
73. A 24. D 25. A
21. B 22. D
28. D 29. A 30. B
26. A 27. A
33. A 34. A 35. C
L3I,B 32. C
40. B
37. B 38. B 39. A
36. D
'I'EST 7
1.D 2,C 3.c 4.B 5.D
6.4 7. C 8.A 9.c 10. B
12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C

11. B
18. C 19. D 20. A
16. B 17.D
22. D 23. D 24. B 25.D
26. C
B 28. A 29. c 30. c
26. B 7',7.
33. A 34. B 35. C
31. B 32. B
38. B 39. c 40. c
36. C 37. D
'TEST Tt
l. c 2,A 3. c 4,8 5.A

6.A 7. A 8.D 9,C 10. A
13. A 14. A 15. D
11. D 12. c
19. C 20. c,
16. D t7. c 18. B
23. B 74. D 25. D
21. A 22. A
28. A 29. A 30. D
26. D 27.8
33. B 34. C 35. B
31. D 32. C
38. C 39. A 40. B
36. C 37. D
L 't"Esr ,)
1. B 2.C 3.D 4,B 5.A

6,8 7, D 8.A 9.c 10. A
12. B 13. C 14. c 15. D
11. A
18. A 19. B 20. A
16. A t7.D
r.fi\
l'^-./
2t. D 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. D
26. B 27. D 28. B 29. B 30. A
3t. D 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A
36. A 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. c
't't.ts]' t()
t. c 2.C 3.A 4,C 5.D
6.A 7. D 8.A 9. A r0. c
11. D 12. B 13. D t4. c 15. c
16. D 17. A 18. C 19, A 20. c
21. C 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. D
26. A 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. B
3r. c 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. D
36. C 37. B 38. B 39. B 40. B
m
ANSWERS FOI{ SECTIOI\ C
'rEs'r I
SECTION A: [25 MARJGI
1. a) Childheaded
b) TYPes of relationshiPs;
Uncle, Cousin
term of
c) A parent who takes care of a child who is not theirs for a short terln, long
Pennanent basis
their roles and
2. a) Farnily dynamics ale patterns of interactions among relatives,
reiationships nnd various factors that shape their interaction
increased overallhealtlr'
b) Provision of emotional support, economi" well-being.
negative heatth due to stress and conflict
c)Theyconservewildlife,theyhelpinfindingrelations
d) Ways of marrying in Indigenous religion;
ukugana,
Hand-in **iug., Eloping, Betrothal, Abductio,, Kuganha/
Chimutsamapfihwa/ chimeta masisi
3. a) i. Heroes Acre
possible to attain
ii. It resernbles and honours the freedom flghters who made it
iudePendence.
nations and they can boost the
b) They provide a sense of identity and continuity for a
| ..onorrry as they generate foreign currency through tourism
to the
4. a) Introduction of ,ubrtunces which has harmful or poisonous effects
environnrent
b) Air and water
poor farming practices
c) Overgrazing, deforestation, climate change, wbanisation,
laws, conducting
d) ReforestatiJrr, educating the society, enforcing environmental
awareness camPaigns
e) Kalahari.
5. a) Nuclear, single parent, child headed b) Single Parent
c) Bilateral d) Tolerance. resPect
e) Taking care of the children
6. a) Honest, resPectful, loYal
b) Rape, incest, Fondling, Exposing oneself
c) Abuse, loss of identiry, promotes anti-social behaviour, school dropouts
7. "\ christianity, Indigenous, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, Judaism
b) Earthly story with a heavenly meaning
c) Answers varY
8. a) Defini{ion of tems;
f3Ttl
i^f.i
i. In-laws are relarives that are joined togctirer by marital bonds
ii. Siblings are children from the sanre family
b) Table on the roles of f'arnily rnernbers;
Family Role or duty
member
Parents - Ptoviding food. clothing, education, health, lov*, shJGI
and other resources to the children
- Ensuring that their children's right are met
- Ensuring that children are c.nnegted to their
extended fanrily
Children - Ilelping with household chorcs
- Ensuring thc continued existence of the fantily
- Caring lbr their purents when they grow up
Grandparcnts - Uniti,g all the ;
- Providing advice and guidance to all t'anrily mernbers
- Mairrtainirrg and contirruing thc Iamily traclitions
9. a) Pcople who cannot t-end tbr tlternselvcs and require help frorn others.
b) Ophams. widows, widowers, elderly
c) Jairos Jiri Association, Mathew Rusrke Children's Horne, Red cross
10. a) Personal choice. culture, inffuence, rveather
b) Nontrs or social nortns rcf'cr to the custorns, nrlcs or standards that arc
expectcd
in a society
c) The society
d) Being respectful
c) Behaviour is the way a person clr thing acts or reagts or conducts tgwards othcrs
I l. a) Road
b) Road cticiuette, fbllowing rulcs ancl rcgulations,
c) inforrnation'centres, sulveyor general's office and some fuel service stations
12. a) Fidelity, love, honesty, respect
b) Inf'ertiliry, abuse of resources, inficlelity, poor communication
c) types of man'iages;
mar"riage by customs. man-iagc by civil law
13. a) l6
b) Roles of the following Indigenous leaders;
Village head
.Assisting the chief in canying out his duties
.Settling disputes ar village level
'Lcading in the perfonnance of culfural activities at village level
'Checkiltg on land bounda.ries and resolving lancl disputrL ut the village level
.Distributing food on behalf of the headrnan
Chief
. lssuing out land to hcadnren ancl villagc heads
' Maintaining traditional activities clone in their area of jurisdiction
. Superuising the lreadnran and the village head
' Prevents unauthorized settlements
r fipproval of nomiuated from the headman
or vandalised'
c) To prevent the place from being robbed
famity as bride price'
14, a) i. Money o, gold, paid by 1*u" to the woman's
a wortan before being married'
ii. Courtshipls the relationship shared by a uran and
b) Increase in PoPulation
c) i. Child
. The child can suffer from malnutrition if the family does not have adequate
resources to provide food for the child'
weight'
. If the health of the rnother is poor, the child will be prone to low birth
. The child is at risk of diseases being transmitted from the mother such as HIV/
AIDS'
. The child is easily exposed to enviroflmental dangers especially if it is not bom
undor proper and monitored conditions'
.
TEST 2

l. a) Abraham
b) Jews
c) It gives identity. it teaches morals
d) Give two responsibilities of school children'
2. a) Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Intemational Covenant on Civil
r\i6rrlu, Intcrnatiotral colenant ouEconomic,
social and Ctlltural
all.Il.l trLrvsr Rights,
and litical mr t1 -
with Disabilities, The conventtotl
__
Rights, convention orr the Rights of Persotrs

on Statelessness
on-tt,. Rights of the Child (CRC), UN Convention
in internatiorral
b) Intemational conventions ensure stability, reliability and oriler
relations
c) Cannabis, cough sYruP, pain killers' cocaine
3. a) Indigenous leaders:
Indigenous lerder Duties or roles
It**g l-rd ttheadmen and village heads
""t traditional activities done in their
Maintlining
jurisdiction
"Supervising
the headman and ths village head
Prevents utrauthorised settlemeuts
Approval of nominated from the headman
Protectine the environment by qforcing custgg
[5G\
t^-J
Headtrrarr A ,.
Assrstlng rlre chief in carrying out his duties, ..g. *t"
guarding sacred days like chisi ard places
such as shrincs.
Issuing out land in consultation with the
chief
Recommending to the chief people to
be appointed as
village hcads
Perforrnirrg other duties in accorclance
to the customaly
law.
Vllage head Assisting the chief in carrying or',tffi

Settling disputes at village level
Leading in the performance of cultural
activities at village
level, Chccking orr larrtl boundarics and resolving
land
disputes at the village level
Distributirig fbod on behalf of the headman
b) To avoid it fiorn being robbed or vandalisecl.
a) Conflict that arise befween two or ntore people
b) Favouritisrn. linritcd rcsouroes, cornnrunication challgngos, lack
crf transparcncy,
unenrployrnent, religious clifferences. buIlying, power
c) Dialoguc, arbitration. ncgotiatio,s, diffusion of conflict
5. a) Conflict is disagreement between people
b) unclear rolcs at homc, rack of transparency, infertirity
c) Shortage of resources, egocentrism, bullying
d) Dialogue,arbitration
SECTION B: lt5 MARKSI
6. a) Interactions and roles of family nrembers
b) Provision of ernotional support, economic,,vel[-being,
increasecl overall healt6,
negative health due to stress and conflict
c) Tracing farnily history and finding rclativcs
d) Identilying clans. showing respect. inclicating relatives
and origi,s, use6 foe rifuals
7. a)
Institution Tlpeq of needy people helped
Jairos Jiri
(a) disabled, blind
Muternwa (b) lepers
Capota
c) blind
b) Christianity
c) Give any healthy eating habit
B. a) Girls and wonren are generally expected
to dress in typically f'enrinine ways and
be polite, accommodating, and nurturing.
b) Boys are generally expected to do nrasculine
duties such as constructi,n
c) Sexual, physical, financial, emotional
d) Advocating fbr gendr:r uquality and cquitv
e) Being a good role moclel, being supportive
9. a) Intcr-personal conflict is conffict betwec. tw'
or more pcoprc.
b) 'Causes of conflict:
, Perceivect differences between social groups such as religion,
race and even teams
. Limited resources as people fail to share the available ones equally
. happened in the past
Grievances betwe.n p.oft. over misunderstandings that
. Failure to show discipline and bullying and harassment
having
c) Managing conflict can be achieved through ways such as apologising,
of emotions and
good communicatiol skills; building good relationships; Control
showing resPect and toterance'
10. a) By being assertive
behaviour
bi Drug abuse, school dropout, criminal activities, and unbecorning
,j pubic hair, broadening of shoulders, deepening of voice
d) To assist with coping of developtnental changes
11. a) Anything eaten or drunk with nutritional value
b) Fruit exarnPles;
' (i) Matamba, matohwe
(ii) Applcs, PineaPPles, coconut
12. a) Building flats, skyscraper buildings
b) Engineer, builder, welder, plumber
c) TenancY, title deed, renting
of
as being
13. a) Heritage sites are places, structures or features that are recognised
great significance to a country's religious, cultural aud ecolromic histtlry'
b) i. Great Zirnbabwe
ii. Khoisan
c) They create tour-ist attraction centres that genetate foreign cuffency for theworld
country; they provide a sense of identity aud coutinuity in a fast
changing
I for future generations. !
14. a) This is an election where people vote aucl choose

the leader of the country by
nrajoriry vote'
b) It is an election to choose the members of Upper House in the partiament'
c) These are elections done to choose rnernbers of the House of Assernbly'
di An election to replace a senator; mernber of parliament or councillor when he or
she dies, gets arrested or mns away'
e) These are done to elect councillors who represent a ward in a council'
'[IIS'[ 3
SECTION A: [25 MARKS]
1. a) who are united by ties of partuership (marriage) and
' A group of people
puoottiood and consisting of a pair of adults and their children
b) Because they are related and it is a taboo
c) Heard of cattle
d) To join tho people getting married in Holy Matrimony
2. a) The siok, elderlY and orPhans
Ul Comforting them, vising them, collecting douations for them
m
c) It makes people liappy ancl healthy
3. a) Entitlernents and rights of consumers when purchasing
goods and scrvices.
b) The right to choose goods and services; The.
right to krlow ilre composition and
expity dates of packaged goods; The right to know
the side effects trgoods.
c) It preverrts customers fi'orn purchasi.g goods with
all lorns oi.cunency.
4. a) NOIC
b) To store national grain
c) Zimbabwe Elcctricity and Transrnission Distribution
Cornpany
d) Kariba
c) Consurner rights;
. right to choose goocis ancl
. riglrt to know sids offects ofservices
goods
. right to know expirv dates
. right to clcan prerrrises
. right to return darnaged goocls
5. a) Bathing, washing, cleaning surrounclings
b) Ebola, Covid-19, flu, STI
c) physical contact. airborne, fl,id borne, corlsumption,
vector borne
d) physical activity, maintaining a healthy cnvironment,
hearthy cating, reducing
tobacco use
SECTION B: 110 MARKSI
6' a) It nrakes people safe and express themselves and it helps to be respected
as well
b) Favouritism, shortagc of rcsourccs
c) Hatred, lack of unity
d) It helps in binding the fa,rily together and helping each other
7. a) Rape, incest, fbnclling, selt'_exposure
b) Treating of both males and femare cquaily the
same
c) Hurnan Imrnunode{iciency Virus
d) lntroclucrion of HIV into the body
8' A cross is ptain but a cruciflx has a figtu'e of Jesus
Christ nailed onto the cross
Mecca
t
Religion Symbol
Christianity
Buddhisrrr
&
9. a)
Hinduisrn
s
It gives identity and buikl
b) Moharnmed
m,r.aLs
,,iGI
!-.i
0) Quran
d) Sabbath
10. a) Education, protection, love, home
of speech
bi Right to life, right to religion, right to protection by law, Freedorn
Belng patriotic]keeping u cl"an and safe environment' to
follow the law
"j
d) Males
11. a) To ensure that workers' rights are maintained
b) To ensure that there are water reserves to supply the nation in tirnes of crisis
c) Collecting rain water
d) CarbohYdrates
Refrigeration, salting, drying, canning
e)
12. Study the table below and complete it' [5]
DeficiencY disease Lacking nutrient
Marasmus Proteins'
Beri beri Vitamin B 1
Scurvy Vtamin C
Night blindness Vitamin A
Arremia Iron
13. a) Definition of terms;
i. Population growth is the increase in the number of people in an
area
ii. Boy-girl retationship is a courtship relationship that leads into rnarriage

iii. child bearing is the process of conceiving cltildren
b) Effects of increased population growth;
Squatter camps
. Diseases
Shortage ofresources
Increases criminal activities
14. a) i. National Parks a1d Wildlife Malagement Authority
ii. Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
b) i. The ZETDCis responsible for supplying and regulating electricity to the whole
country
ii. Hwange and Kariba
c) They provide l.eserves to the nation in tirnes of crisis.
TEST'4
l. a) Cotntnunicating with the ancestors
b) They conserve natural fesources, they maintain customs
c) Dinhe - Celebrating a bumper harvest
Isitshikitsha - [raditionalwedding
d) MuchongoYo
f.,TI
i^f.i
2' a) Universal Declaration of Hritnan Rights, International covenant on Civil and
Political Rights, International Covenant on Economic,
vLud.nt urr DUUnomIC, )Oclal
Social and LUltUfal
Cultural
Rights, convention on the Rights of Pcrsons with Disabilities,
The convention
on the Rights of the child (cRC). uN convention
on statelessness
b) They set out the civil, political, and economic rights of people regardless of race,
religion or ability.
c) To report abuse, to love and respect othcrs, to study and get good grades
3' a) Relatioflshi1l
ollsnlp between
Detween ilre
the national schor
school nledoe enrt the
edse and nqri.--^r fl$.,...
rhp nalinnrl
National school pledge National flag
"Respecting the brave fathers ancl nrother-s
The red colou- which symbolises the
who lost thcir lives in thc Chirnurcnga/ blood of thc liberation struggle
Umvukela"
"We are proud of the riches of our natural
The colour green fbr crops and
resotlrcc" vegctation
"The colour yellow representing the
minerals in the country
"United in oru.diversity by our comrlon
The white colour f'or pcace
desire for fi'eedorn, justicc and cquality'.
"We are proucl creators and participanti The black colour for blacks and theii
in our vibrant traditions aud cultures" culturc
tr) (i) Nation's aspirations (ii) National syrlbol of Zimbabwe
(iii) The black rnajority
1. a) Ndebele, Shona, Karanga, Narnbyians, b) Chipinge
c) t6 d) Village head. headnran and the chief
c) Mozarnbique
5. a) Carrnabis. cocaine, cough syrup
b) U'becor,ing bohavi,ur, sohoor dropouts, unwanrod
prcgnancies, srls
c) Church, counsellors. hospitals
d) Child headed
SECTIOIY B: 110 MARKSI
6. a) Ca'nabis, cocaine, cough sylup, heroi., pain killers
b) Dctcriorating physical and ntental health, crirninal activity, unbecorning behaviour
c) A diet that includes all the nutrient
d) To have good physicar, ernotional and rncntar hearth
7. a) Belief in one god
b) Wiiderness
c) John the Baptist
d) Jcws
e) Rarnadan. Moulid an-Nabi
8. Complete the table below ()n on rights an responsrbrlrties
ibil of citizens: l5
C!!iz.en Right M atchin g Responsibilitv
Itight to equality
Right tr: fieedgrrr, [iberty arrd security
To accept other people's belief systems
without criticism
Rieht to protection
To ur. the obtained knowledge and skills
e and develop the
9. a) To maintain peace and tranquility in the society

b) Abraham
c) Circumcision and buriat
d) Synagogue
10. a) Away from reach of children
b) Read and understand the instructions
c) Bins and designnted dumping sites
d) Herds or leads
e) Movement of goods fiom one point to the other
11. a) Ages;
(i) MajoritY is 18
(ii) Consent is l8
b) customary, civil ancl uffegistered customary law union
c) Relatives (especially aunts and uncles)
12. a) Heroes acre
b) Employment creation, t'ural development
Renco
.i Bindura, Zvishavane, Jumbo, Mutoroshanga, Mashava, Mangula,
1 3. International organisations;
t4l
Organization Location ot- Airn(s)
Head Quarters
SADC Botswana To protnote regional cooperation and integration
Gaborone
COME,SA Zambia To provide financial and technical assistance
Lusaka and promote social and economic developmetlt
among member States,-
AU Ethiopia, To promote peace, security and stability on the
Addis Ababa continent by defending the sovereignty and
ten'itorial integtity of m€mbel' states'
bi
Impofiance of countries being a part of international organisations;
- Promotion of regional cooperation and integration'
member states'
- Promotion of social and ecouomic development and trade among
- Improvement of the qualiry of tife of the people'
- Promotion of cultural exchange'
14. a) i. MoneY, furniture, car
ii. House, fam
b) i. Patents are legal documents granted by the patent office as a way of proteeting
and safeguarding the owner's creations'
riil
l) J
ii. Ownership of one's own creation(s)
iii' Creations of the mitrd, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs;
'[ES'[' 5
1 ' a) Aspects of responsibility refbr
to the obligations of an individual to carry olrt an
assigned activity
b) conducting sermons online, digitalising religi'us books
c) wide.ing of hips, developrnent of breasts, growing of pubic hair
l a) Charninuka. sckuru kaguvi, mbuya nahnrrda
b) Uniting the people, encouraging rhe people to fight
c) Mystically vanishing
a
J. a) Location, size, purpose, resources, laws. culture
b) i. It accomodates more people; It saves building space
ii. Towns have morc pcopre ancl tlter.c ur. ,rrunyi.ro,,.... to bpild flats
c) Ittheritance is when att older generatiorr or' parent(s) dies and
leaves total ownership
of housing propertics to the remaining gcncration.
4. a) Sothern African Developmenr Conrmu,iity
b) l6
c) To get assistance as a nation politically. culturally and econornically
d) Function of thc SADC;
To promote regional cooperation ancl integration
To cngagc in f}cu and fair.elcctiorrs
e) AU, IINI
5. a) STIs, cbola, shicken pox, rabies, rnalaria
tt) to rrzork hard, tc't clo their best. to conrplete assignnrents and
to respect otlers,
opinions, feclings arrd ideas.
c) By creating facilities and organisetions thut provicle and maintain rights
SECTION B: ll0 MARJ<SI
6. a) Deceitful, lying, discouraging, not supporlive
b) D*g abuse, dropping out of school, unbecoming berraviour
c) The law that was used to suppress Indigenous religion in Zimbabwe is the
d) Syrnbol oI'eternity in Indigenous religion is
7. a) Earthly story with a heavenly rneaning
b) Ten virgins, prodigal son, rwo debtors.
c) Roles of religious practitioners in Clhristianity
{i) Pope - to lead the Ronran Catholic Church
(ii) Pastor - to preach. couduct. selvices, to interpret biblical stories and coulsel
church membcrs
8. a) A religious artefacl is a object that has religious significance
i. Religious artetact tbr religions;
ii. Indigenous religio, - beadirg, nrasks, pottery ancl sculptures
iii. Islarn - crescent llloon, mussala, topi, subha, minaret,
euran
i,* yad, kippah
"ibr"icl,
nro'I
t ..1
v. Christianity - Cross, Bible, Altar
9. *) Separation, divorce, death
provides emotional support,
b) Impacting the health positively or negatively,
e.onomi. well being and increasing overall health
c) to know relatives and to trace family history
d) Churches
10. a) To avoid being violated or abused
b) Financial literacy, how to fend for themselves
(PSD)
c) The Progratn for Students with Disabilities
patient when dealing with
d) By creating programs in line with disabilities, being
the disabled'
SECTION C
1 1, a) Parliarrrentary. presidential,
senatorial, by-elections
or
bj An electio, io i.ptu.e a position holder who would have died, gotten anested
fled
c) By-laws
d) Zimbabwe Eluctorul Commission
12. a) Title deed, lease
b) Document that states ownership of a property
c) Car, furniture, money
d) OwnershiP rights to a creation
e) House, land (farm)
13. a) A vow to be Patriotic to the natiotl
have towards the country
b) It reminds and ourlines the rcsponsibililies people
citizens aud remincls
c) it helps rernind feelings of patiiotism among the country's
thenr-of their nation's glory beauty, and rich heritage
d) They both talk about the liberation struggle and patriotism
to be held
14.a) National strategic reserves include goods and sewices that are worthy
up by the govemmeut from nornral use by people'
b) i. Kariba
ii. ZINWA
c) Tanks
TEST 6
SECTION A: [25 MARI(SI
1. a) Baptisnt
b) Pentecost
c) Circumcision and burial
d)Interpretingandteachingbibliqallawsandethics
2. a) Arabic
b) Purified watel', sand or dust
c) It helps in locating the city of Mecca when praying
d) The nrales
e) To keeP count while PraYing
3. a) Onions, PumPkins
b) i. Salring
ii. It keeps flies away; It is a rong-te.r rncrhod or preservation
c) Intportance o.f'presetyingJbocl;
Food rernains availabre even wrrcn it is out of season.
It increases the shelf life of dili-erent fbocts.
It decreases the wastage of food as exccss foocl is preservccl.
It reduces the chances of deliciency diseases as lbod is always
made available.
4' a) The process of being left to receive properties after someon" hu, passed on"
b) Courts
c) Funriture, eqtripment vehicles and houses a,d compa,ies
d) at the bank, at a lawyer's officc, by a pricst, high court or a trusted tiicnd
5. a) Ilitting, beating or scolding
b) Rape, incest, fbndling. self'-exposure
c) Report the abuse to authorities
d) Perpetrator
6. a) Holy Spirit b) Ask for tbrgiveness c) Nursing
d) The poor, destitute and the dying around the world
7. a) Mohanrmed b) Through ancestors
c) Novernber d) Sabbath
I .) Torah
8' a) Religious rites are ceremonies that arc speciflcally done in religions
b) Rites and rituals in trslam:
i. Birth
It is important and is marked rvith circumcision of baby boys
when they are seven
days old although it can takc placc any time before puberiy.
it is atso tradition to
clioose a name for the baby on the severrth clay.
ii. Burial
Burial is rrsueilly carried out itr tu,enty four hours after death. The body
is lvashed
three times by rclatives of thc sanrc gentlcr. After bcing cleaned,
the body is
wrapped in a white cloth. The bocly is then taken to an outdoor
location. prayers
arc then offered for the deceascd to be forgiven and that
they nray flnd peace and
happiness in the atter-life
iii. Circumcision
The religion has no fixed age fbr circurncision and it varies
depending on
tirmill'. region and country. Thc prctbrrctl agc is often sevcn oitt uugti
some
Muslirns are circumcised as early as the seventh day after
birth and as late as
puberry. The wisdonr of performing circumcision is that
it shows obedience t.
the law of the Lord.
9. a) Burial and Holy Matr-imony
b) i. A parable is an earthry story lvitrr a heavenly meaning.
ii. Ressurection is the comi,g to lire rrom the cleacl.
iii' Cruciflxion is a foun of punishrnent that involves being nailed onto a cross.
10' a) It prevents further damage to the victim. it stabilises a victim before receiving
&
medical treatment
b) Follow the principles of FirstAid
c) To cutbandages
d) Sexual
e) Favouritism, neglect, conflict
SECTION C; [10 MARIGI
11. a)
Church, communitY, schools,
bi Gender equiry is a concept that sees to fairness between men and womenirnplies
c) Gender equity is different from gender equality because gender equality
to faimess
equivalent treatment of men and women whilst gender equity sees
between men and women
d) Practising gender equalitY;
(i) Schoot-- got1, boys and girls being given equal education opportunitiesl Both
being made prefects, head boy and head girl'
(ii) Conrnruniry - Protection of women against GBY both males and females
sharing professions and leadership
12. a) ZIMTA, ZIPO, ZNA
b) Pr 'of esstotts:
Organization Proffesion
ZIMTA teachers
ZNA soldiers
c) fney protect the rights of workers

d) Workers'rights;
.
The rtght to safety and protection from harm
.
The right to fair treatment without any unfair labour practices
.
Protection tiom urrt-air dismissal
,
The right to fair and stipulated employment income
13. a) Dangers that workers face in their workplaces
b) Ways of preventing occupational hazards;
. Provision of protective work equiprnent and clothing
. Setting up emergency evacuation procedures
. Availability of treatment equipment in case of etnergencies
. Availability of medical care and staff on site
. Regular check-ups on the working condition of workers
c) Safety precautiolls;
(i) At work
. Wearing protective wear
, Full conrnritment to the job in order to achieve maximum production
. Maintaining, developing and defeldilg the reputation of the organisation
by
portraYing it
. in a good picture
. Ensuring that safety is practiced at all times
. To practlce integrity, accountabiliry, honesty, transparency and
punctuality'
E;T
t^t/
(ii) During leisure time
' Avoid destruction of propcrty and interfering with people,s right and
responsibitiry
' Ensuring own and other pe.pre's safety during reisure time
' Maintaining Ubuntu/ Unhu duling leisr.rre times by exhibiting good morals.
. promoting good and healthy life styles
14' a) i' The mode of transport that is available in
un u..u ancl one can only have access
to transport modes that are available.
ii' If the reason lbr transporlation has high ulgency then fbster tr-ansport
6odes are
preferred such as by air rather than by .oud o. ship.
The reverse is true if the
urgency is low.
b) i. 547 km
ii. Mctoria Falls and Buffalo Range
iii. They give actual distances between towns a,d cities.
TEST 7
SECTION A: [25 MARKS]
I ' a) Family dynamics are patterns of interactions
among relatives, their. roles and
rclationships and various f'actors that shape their interaction.
t']) Tltey unify the family, they bind lamily menrbers, antl they sreate
love and selfi
cxprcssion
c) To give emotiotral support and help with funeral amangemelts and expenses
2. a) God the Father, Jesus christ The So' and the Hory spir.it
h) Bible, cl'oss. crucifix
c) It is a type of church or group of Christians with their own doctrincs
3 a) s. r-r.ii o,,* r.'*:","i';;?"..i,;i.",
r
i';],i- l ,,l,J;'.,ff ;Xl il'iX['.l-, ass is ra.ce
b) Effeots of unernployrnent:
. stigmatisation
' increase in crin're such as robbcry, hr_luse breaking and theft
' imrnoral behaviour such as prostitutio'to have income
. hcalth-related problerns such as scxually
transmitted infections, unwantcd
pregnancies and abortions
. increase in drug abuse
c) i. Primary
ii. To protect themserves fi'om harm or rrazards at work.
4. a) victoria Falls. Kariba dam, Great Zimbabwe. Kharni Ruins
b) Victoria Falls
c) It conscrves wildlifb
d) i. Great Pyrarnids
ii. trgypt
5. a) Reading textbooks a,d notes; attempting past examinatio, papers
b) [t rnakes one set aside enongh tinrc outside of class tbr studying; It gives arnple
lime for activities such as to complele homework. study for teJs, arnd
review ancl
rctain thc information bcing lcarnt
c) Honest], seNise, self-respect, respect for others, peace, and success
6. a) Njelele, NYangani mountains
bj Rttes of the following practitioners in the Indigenous religion
(i) Spirit mediums - To communicate with the ancestors
medicines
iii) naaitional healers - To heal the people using traditional
c) It conserves the wildlife as people protect their totems
7. a) It unites the farrilY
bi It makes them and the helper happy; It gives lhem a sense of belonging
c) Honest and loYal
d) Knowledge and understanding
8. a) (i) To console the family that would have lost a relative.
iliy It brings back the spirit of the deceased into the homestead for protection
(iii) To r.rior. any spirits that might be contracted from the burial grounds
b) iri* u ritual in which family members bring back the spilit of the deceased a
yeaf after his or her death from the grave to protect the living family'
g. a) The most high and revered being to whorn believers pray to in a religion
b) Brahma, Vishuu, or Shiva
c) Jesus Christ
d) Jews
e) Talith, rrenorah, meztzah,Torah, dreidel, Star of David, yad, kippah
10. a) Abilities and talents, personat preference, parental influence
b) Through career exhibitions
c) Tlrrough training and practice
d) It enables leamers to ohoose careers wisely
Deser-tification is a fype of land degradation that affects a relativety
dry land region
i t. ay
bi Through deforestation, poor farming practices and urbanisation
Reforestation, raising awareness, safe agricultural practices, enforcing
"i environmental laws
d) poltution is [he introduction of harmful substances to the envirotrmen[
e) Leaking sewage pipes, durrping waste in water bodies, excreting in water,
eutroPhicalion
12. a) They provide necessary infonnation for travellers
b) nrunk clriving, lack of,signage, failure to observe road laws and regulations
c) Ensuring that there are road signs; fcrllowing regulations, road etiquette
road
O Road etiquette entails the politeness aud good mauuers that are expected of
users.
13. a) Rights that a customer is entitled to when buying goods and serices
a) Consunrer rights;
. The right to choose goods and services
. The right to know the composition and expiry dates of packaged goods
' The right to know the side effects of products
' Right to have information about goocis bought and how to use them
such as
instructions and expiry dates
' The right to use safe goods that are not toxic to the users
as well as medicine
that does not endanger the users
c) It prevents a consumer fi'om retuming goods that are wr.ong, expir-ed
or defective
a) Thesc are the privileges and rights that workers are entitled
to.
b) They are dangers that risks trre safety of lvorkers at work.
c) It is ensuring that there are safety rncasurc that are put in placc at work.
d) It is tinre during which an individual can relax fiom work.
c) It is thc commercial organisation ancl opcration of holidays to places
of interest.
TEST 8
l. a) christianity, Hinduisrn, Buddhisrrr, Judaisr,, Indigenous, Islanr
b) It teaches morals an gives a se.se of belongi,rg u,id icleniitv
c) Good and bad
d) Kurovzr guva
2. a) So that they understand heavenly rneanings
b) Forgiveness. love, humilitl,. humbre'es., kindn.rs, generousity
c) Thonras
d) Birth. marriage, death ancl burial
3. a) i. ElJbcts rf'desertiJit:ation.front the pit:ture;
. No cultivation land
. Dismption of the cc'syste,r in the
cn,ironnrent
'water scarcity which rimits the gr.owth of vegetation
'
Desti-uction o I rregetation
ii' Overgrazing, defbrestation, poor f'arming practices. climate change, urbanisation,
, natural disasters
4. a) Availability, safety, urgency, affordability, ren.ain, luggage. efficiency
b) Air
c) Loss tlf communication, taulty communication lines, loss of network. attraction
of lightning
d)
'setting up emergency response services on the road
'rnarking of areas with high possibilitics of accidents
.enforcing road lar.vs and regulatit-rns
5. a) Birth, descent or registration
b) Avoid criminal activities
e) Constitution
d) Immigration is the process by which people (immigrants) move into a fbreign
oountry to live thcre
SECTION B: 110 MARKSI
6. a) Disagreement between people
m
b) causes of ir:rterpersoual conflict;
' Bullying and harassrnent can also lead to conflict'
. are Some reaSons why
Unclear roles, poor planning and poor communication
clearly and openly give
conflict takes place. For example, if the teacher fails to
roles to leamers disagreements may arise'
. poor management, riisunderstanings and unresolved issues leads to fights
and quauels.
. G,rssiping and jealousy are some causes of inter-personal conflict'
. Personatiiy clashes and differences also lead to inter-personal conflict'
c) Apologising, good communication skills, control of emotiotls
d) H andling change, optimism, detetmi nation, resourcefulness
7. a) Rape, fondling, incest. self-exposure
b) Heroin, cocaine, cough syrup, pain killers
in religiott
c) Participating in subsrance abuse help groups; engaging
8. a) Doctrine is a set of beliefs that make up a religion
worshiped and considered
b) The Supreme-Being is the supernaturu^l b"irg who is
po*.rful in a religion
(beliefs) of a
c) Uoty Book isi book that contains the laws and doctrines
tn,
religion and is used to teach
d) The founder is one who starts a religion
e) A place of worship is a location where
people of a religion gather to worship
9. a) Ten Commandments;
1. WorshiP no other God.
2.Donot make itnages to worshiP'
3. Do not misuse the name of God'
4. Observe the Sabbath Day (Saturday) and keep it Holy'
5. Honour and respect your father and mother'
6. Do not murder'
l.Do not commit adultery.
8. Do not steal.
people'
9. Do not accuse anyolle falsely. Do not tell lies about other
10. Do not envy other people's possessions'
b) Moses
c) Judaisrn financial
10. a) Financial literacy refers to the ability to understand and apply different
ski1ls effer:tivelY
b) Save moneY
c) Working
d)Financialmanaggmerrt,budgetingandsavingmoney
11. a) Coaching, managing athletes, being an athlete, health practitioner
b) Colleges, universities, polyteohnics
c) The abilitY to fend for oneself
d) The process of creating job opportunities
e) Effect of unemployment;
. Stigrnatisation
' Increase in crime such as robbery, house breaking arrd theft
' L,nroral behaviour such as prr.lstitution to have incorne
. Health-relatedproblems
. Drug abuse cases incrcases
12. a) The agreement between the landlord and the tenant which
states how the
building is going to be used and how it is to be paicl for
b) Occupying premises for a given periocl of tirr,e
o) Rental f'ee
d) Squatter camps, diseases, criminal activities. shanty towns
I3. a) These are goods or services that are heltl Lrp by the natior"r fr.t-lm normal usage by
pcoplc
ZETDC, ZINWARBZ. GMB and NPWMA
b) Answcrs fiom diagrarn;
Grain
Grain Markcting Board (GIV{B)
l4' a) i. It is the cleposition of solid or liquid waste materials on lapcl
ii. This is thc crnission of dangcrous gascs into the atmosphere.
iii. This is the contamiuation of water bodies such as riveri, lakes. oceaps a,cl other
watcr sources
b) Solutions to land pollution:
. Rc-tlsc nraterials
. Refbrestation and atibrestation
. Using clrganic tertr'lisers
. Using designated durnpine sites
'l'l,lS'l'I
SECTION A: 125 MARKSI
l. a) Gender equality implies equivalent treatment of men and women
b) Beneflts of gender equality;
' Increased human resouroes. spur ecoltomic growth.
. Gender equality is good fbr thc econolny.
' More resources reach children wherr womerl have more control over family
rcsources and spending pattems.
' Gender equality makes children's lives better.
' Cotlttnunities are safer and hcalthier if there is gender equality.
' Gender equality prevents violence agai,st women and girls.
c) To give advice, guidancc and counselling
d) Lobola
2. a) Global effccts of HIV/AIDS;
. Lirnited access to treatntent
. Inadequatemedication
. Mother to child transmission during birth
@
. the infected and affected
Affects the sociat, emotional and psychotogical life of
. Chiid-headedfarnilies
b) Facts
. HIV/AIDS is oaused by having unprotected sex with an infected paftner'
. HIV/AIDS cannot be cured'
. A child can get HIV from the nrother during pregnancy, at birth or during
breast feeding'
. Sharp objects like razor blades, injections can cause
HIV
Myths
' HIV/AIDS is a punishment tiom God'
' Prayer can cure HIV/AIDS'
' Having sex with a virgin can cure AIDS'
. People cannot get HIV from hugging, shating fbod and
insect bites'
3. a) i. Air
or geothetmal
ii. Reducing or avoiding the use of fossil fuels; Using solar, wind
energy
b) Effects of water Polltttion:
. Destruction of aqua life
. Toxic water that cannot be drunk or used in agriculture
. Diseases such as diarrhea,, cholera, dysentery fyphoid and poliornyelitis
4. a) Jairos Jiri and Mathew Rusike
c) Florence Nightingale
d) the poor, destitute and the dYing
those livirtg
e) Helping those living with disabilities; assisting the elderly; helping
with HIV/ AIDS
child
5. a) unclear roles, greediness. individualism, favouritism, lack of transparency,
custody, unempl oyment, rel i gious differences
b) Failure to respect or tolerate others
c) Tolerance and resPect
to lead
1
ai to direct international health within the united Nations' system and

partners in global health response'
e) Politicat, legal, economic, environmental

6. a) FridaY
bj The earth shook and cracked, there was darkness for 3 hours
c) Thomas
d) Golgotha
7. a) Kurova guva
prevent the deceased
bi Removing the body of the deceased in a confusing way to
from coming backi cleanilg and dressing the body; funeral procession
It makes th; respect one in return; it shows good morals; it build unity
and
c)
tolerance
d) peer pressure is when one i$ influenced or encouraged to do something by his or
329r
her friends, associates t-lr peers
8. a) Monotheism is belief in one god
b) i. Menorah
ii. To lrold lanrps that are used to light up thc ternple
iii. Judaism
9. a) Adolescence is transitional stage of physical and psychological cleveloprnent that
generally occurs during the period ot'puberty
b) Growing of pubic hair, broadening of shoulclcrs, deepenilg of voice
c) Way of maintaining cleanliness during adolescencel
'
Washing hands before handling food and after visiting the toilet is essential.
.
Bathing thorougl'rly daily using soap and clcan water.
.
Keeping the private parts clean and dry.
'
Brushing of teeth should be practiccd cvery day and at bed tirle .
'
Wiping genital and anal areas from ll'otrt to back to avoid bacteria.
,d) To get treatment; to avoid further infections
10. a) Termination of one's citizenship
b) A citizen by descent nleans the applicant was born in another country and
becanre a citizen of their parent>s country.
c) Effects of imrnigration include increascd population growth, limitcd resourccs
d) For the benefit of future generations ancl to preserue heritage
e) Wildlife, water bodies
SECTION C: ll0 MARKSI
1L a) Cuuses oJ'the land reJbrm progrornne.-
' Fulfilment of tltc causcs of the Clrirnurerrga/umr.ukela in which thc blacks
fought to get their larrd back.
' Ovcrcrowding in rural arcas and thc nccd to address slrortages ol'lancl.
. Imbalauces in land ownershilr
' Pool'soil fbr cultivation that was allosatcd ro the blacks
. To empower the black majority and inrprove farming.
. To restore control of land by the blacks
h) Benefits of land refitrm programme:
. reduced ovcrcrowding in rural areas
. allowecl black to have arable lancl for larnring
. rcduced poverty
. restored land heritage
. crcatod ernployntcnt
c) I 963
d) Gaboronc. Rotswana
12. a) Organisations that assist the needy tbr fl.ee
b) Volunlary,
u o illsilttons:
organisctti
Name of fbunder Voluntary rvork
I Jairos Jiri Helping the tlisablcd and tlrc blind
I Mathew Rusike Looks atter vulncrable children
lli-3dt
[^ ,1
ul Mahatma Gandhi Helps the poor in Indian streets
iv Henry Dunant Helping the poor ancl those in prison
t:.u@reiSalargestore,dividedintodepartmentSwhichsellsuch
products as furnishings, electronics, clothing, footwear, toys. cosnretics,
and sometimes also g'oceries
ii. The process of making food last longer without going bad
b) Ways of preseruingfood:
i. Salting is when the food is surrounded by salt so as to drain the rnoisture fi'om
the food.
ii. Smoking involves exposing food to smoke so as to preserve it.
iii. Refrigeration is a preservation rnethod that makes use of very low
temperatures to prevent food from going bad.
14. a) War or liberation.
b) Chimoio
c) Mozatnbique
d) To honour their bravery and sacrifice during the liberation war
e) it provides a sense of identity and continuity especially for future generations
TEST' I (}
1. a) They urrify the family and create good relations between family members
b) Making or collecting donations for them; including them in social activities in
the communitY
c) Environmental ManagetnentAgency (EMA)
d) Clean up campaigns, throwing waste in bins
2. a) Sexualify is about one's sexual feelings, thoughts. attractions and behaviours
towards other PeoPle
b) sensuality, intimacy. identity, behaviour and reprodttction, and sexualisation
c) Causes of interpersonal conflict:
. Limited and inadequate learning materials can make learners fighting over
resources such as textbooks and class furniture.
. Unfair treatment, for example, favouritism towards other learners can lead to
conflict in class.
. Bullying and harassment can also lead to conflict.
. Unclear roles. poor planning and poor communication are solne reasons why
conflict takes place. For example, if the teacher fails to clearly and openly give
roles to leamers disagreemcnts may arise.
d) Ways of managing intra-personal conflict:
' Apologising
Eiil
L^-./
. Thinking it through
. Using a mediator
. hnproving communication skiils
3' a) English,ChiShona, IsiNdebele, ChiNdau. ChiBarwe,Nambya, Chewa.'iliKalanga,
Khoisan, XiChangani, Tonga, TsiVenda, SeTswana, SeSotho. Xhosa and Sign
b) i. Traditional dancing
ii. It ensures that cultural practices are pcrpetuated. continued or passed on.
4. a) Fidelity, love. honesty. respect
b) [ndigenous
nous le
leadershi,tp
Indigenous Duties/ roles
Ieader
Village heatl . Assisting tlre chief in carryirrg out his duties
. Settling disputes at village level
' Leading in the perfbrmance of culrural activities at viilage level
. Distributing fbod on bshalf of the headnran
Headsman Assisting the chief in carryi.g out his duties. e.g. safe guarding
sacred days like chisi and places such as shrines.
Issuing out lar.rd in corrsultation with the chicf
Recornmending to the chief people to be appointecl as viilage
heads
Perforrning othcr duties in accorclarlce to the custornary lar.v
Chief . Issuing out land to hcadmcn and villagc hcads
' Maintaining traditiorral activities done in their area ot' jurisclictiop
. Supervising thc headrnan and the village hcad
. Preventsunauthorisedscltlcments
. Apploval of nominated fi.our the heacLnan
c) Caves
5' a) Gcndcr norms position girls as caretakurs. which loads to gcndcr inequality in
how roles are distributed at the household level.
b) Gender stereotyping is whcn a gendcr is blanrecl for a particular behaviour
c) Consequences of-GBV;
. Injuries
. Physicaldisabilitics
. Destruction of property and assels
. Stress, depression
. Low self-esteem
. Poor academic performance
. Aggressiorr
d) Physical, rnental or ssxual
SECTION B: ll0 MARKSI
6. a) It marks the pilgrimage to Mecca
b) Practitioners in Islarn;
(i) Imam - to lead Islamic worship services
(ii) Muezzin - proclainrs the call to prayer (adhan) on Friday for t|c-. pgblic
worship and the call to the daily prayer (;alat) five times a day, ar clawn,
t^-.i
',TDII
noon, mid afternoon, sunset, and nightfall
c) Pillars of Islam;
profession of faittr; prayer; alms; fasting; pilgrimage
Kippur (Day of
7. a) Purrorur, Feast of Tabernacle, Rosh Hashanah (New Year), Yom
Atonenrent) and Hanukah (Holiday of lights)
b) Jewish Practitioners;
(i) Prophet - a prophet is an individual who is regarded as being in contact with
a divine being and is said to speak on behalf of that
being, serving as an
from the
intermedia.yirittr humanity by delivering messages or teachings
supetnatural source to other people
(ii) Scribe * drafting the Torah and laws
c) Friday
between
8. ; I,temational conventions are |egally binding agreements that are signed
states
the basis of
b) The importance.of intemational conventions is that they form
relations'
intemational laws, ensure stability, reliability and order in international
nter nati ott a I c o nv entt o ns :
'
International Intern ational Conventions

issue
Human rights - Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- International Coveuant on Civil And Political Rights
- Intenrational Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Disabiliry Convention on the Riehts of Persons with Disabtlrfles
Child rights The Convention on the Rights of the C!i]d (CRC)
9. a) Aspects of Personal hYgiene;

washing of the bocly; Brushing teeth;washing clothes
b)Riglrtsandentitlementsthatchildrenshouldhave
c) Responsibilities of children in the cornmunity;
. To show [ove, respect and care to others (especially the elderly)
. To take care for their environment keeping where they live clean
. To learn and respect their teachers and peers
' To rePort abuse and exPloitation
. To take care of and protect themselves from irresponsible exposure
to diseases
such as HIV/AIDS
10. a) So that they avoid being hit by traffic as they face oncoming traffic
bi They maintain and regulate road use and thus prevent road accidents
c) So t-hat it is safe for drivers when they want to ovefiake them
alcohol,
d) Giving way, being responsive, ability to handle oneself, avoid drinking
avoid using the Phone
road users
e) Regulatory traffic signs are white with black or red letters instructing
signs indicate
what theyinust or urust not do under certain conditions. Regulatory
a1d reinforce tralhc taws atrcl regulations which apply either
pernanerltly or at
specified tirnes or Places'
SECTION C: [10 MAR]GI
I I ' a) Fever, dry cough, tiredness, dilliculty breathing or shofiness
of breath, chest
pain or pressure, loss of speech or movement, aches and pains.
sore throat,
diarrhea, conjunctivitis, headache, loss of'taste or smell, a rash
on skin, or
discolouration of Iingers or loes
b) A pandcrnic is a disease that spreads globally whilsr an cpidcrnic
affects a rcgion
of the world
c) Wearing a tnask, sanitisation, maintaining social and physical distance
d) United Narions
12. a) Indcpendence Day
h) The British
o) Protnotiot1 of agricultural activitics cspccially thc Plirnrvudza project
d) The ability to self'-rule
c) Councillor
13. a) Klowledgeable and experiencecl human labour
b) Self reliance is the ability to fend tbr oncsclf
c) Career t-ypes;
(i) Prirnary industrics involvo tlre cxtraction and pr6tluctiou r-rf raw materials
and rhey inclucle career in agriculture anclmining
(ii) Secondary industries are industrics that convert raw rnaterials proviclecl
by
primarv industries into commodities and products for the consumers
(iii) Tertiary ind,sh'ies provide services ro rl-re people
l4' a) It is economic and the t'esources fbr such shelters ar.e easily available.
b) For easy access to water for use in the honrc.
c) It protects against harsh wcather, animals and attack fiom thieves; It providcs
coml'ort.

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ffishjwy Socfffif, S*f,effiffi*s

T. Gurure, Cl" Chiromo, .1. Nzvirtnlit"i and D. Mapfunde

HERI"I'AGE. SOCI A[, STU DT ES

l,',,\l\lIt}', Idlit,lill{}l}{ ,'\N I} '!l(}ld,'\l. x:,1}{ r{ \'t'{{ t\]

GLI ID;\NCII r\ND IIOUNSE[,l,lNC

l.l Marittrl RelationshiPs

Characteristics of icleal mlrital relatinnships

Solutions to marital prohlcnrs

1.2 Conflict Management

Unclear roles and responsibility

Fig 1.1 Dispute at honte

Fig 1.2 Conflict t t school

Conflicts in thc conl nl u n ity

Differences in religious and political beliel's

Suspicions and accusations

bid to understand each other.

Negotiating in good faith

Scction A: N'Iultiple Choicc l8 rnlrksl

A. Arbitration B. ResPect C. Fidelity D. Begging

Diflerent Languages and cultures of zimbatlve

Languages spoken in Lirnhnhwe

Cultural practi(.(.s in Zimbilbwc

1.4 Custodians of Culture

lndigenous leadership hierarchy. in Zimbabwe

Duties and iurisdiction of Indigenous lcadership

uties such as safeguarding sacred days

lnstall:ltiolr and burinl of thie l.s

1.5 Preservation of Heriitage Sites

Heritage site Description

Heroes Acre This is a herituge site found in Hurure, where national

Zirnbabwe This heritage site is found in Masvingo. It was a pre-

Victoria Fatls It is a heritage site found in the north west part of

Chirnoio in Mozambique Chimoio is a heritage site in Mozambiquc which is

Freedom The Freedom Camp is a libcration heritage site found

Indigenous wtlys of prescrving heritagc

Contemporary wilys of prustrving heritage

cLUE: The first letter of the given words is already in place.

Arbitration - resolution tlrrough a thrrd neutral party

2. can cause disPutes in the familY'

3. What does infertilitY mean?

2.1 Flealthv Ilov-Girl ltelationsh i ps

Healthv bo"v-girl relationsh ips

Age of marriage (early and delnyed)

rnan[g" .ut*t"tt in a decrease in child

Health of thc mother

Health and wclla.re of'thc child

1. -Dramatise any way of a hearthy boy-girr reiationship.

Section A: Multiple Choice [8 Marksl

5. The act of giving birth to a child is called

C. early marriages D. courtshiP

I ndepenclence and Sell'-(lovel.nance

Indepcndelrcc and scll-govcrnance

T'hc l-,and Rcforrn Progranlnre

. iclcntify thc causcs of thc larrcl rcfbrrn prosrarrnrc I

. cliscr,rss tlrc hcncfits of thc land rc lbrnt pr()grilt.ltn-lc I

Benelits of the Land Ref ornr Programnrc

' The black majority was empowered economically'

3.3 The National School Pledge

National School Pledge

The national school pledge is important because of the following;

'l'he Nationnl tlag

Fig j.l Nationul Flag

"U"iti,ain our diversityby our common desire The white colour

The National Anthenr

ffishjwy Socfffif, Sf,effiffis