LESSON 3

MODERN CONCEPTS OF PENOLOGY AND THE JAILS

MODERN CONCEPT OF PENOLOGY
One of the main concepts of the individual persons who is charged with an offense is that once they will be convicted
and transported to prison institution they will be punished inside the correctional institution, but this idea is only a thing of the
past. The main concept of the modern correction is not to give punishment to offenders instead they will be treated based on
the treatment and rehabilitation program implemented in the prison institution.
The modern concept of correction is to change the attitude of the offenders, their way of life so that when they return
to the mainstream in community, they will now become a useful member of the society.

PURPOSE OF CONFINEMENT
The Bureau of Correction has its own two purposes of confinement of the offenders or persons committed to prisons:
a. to segregate them from the society and;
b. to rehabilitate them so that upon return to society they shall be responsible and law-abiding citizens.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CORRECTION - the Bureau of Correction has three basic principles in the rules of admission, custody, and
treatment of inmates:
a. Seek to promote discipline and to secure the reformation, and safe custody of inmates
b. Justice shall be applied impartially, without discrimination on grounds of race, colors, genders, language, religion or
other opinion, nationality or social origin, property, birth and or other status.
c. Justice shall be enforced with firmness but tempered with understanding.

DEFINITION OF TERMS COMMONLY USED IN THE CORRECTIONAL STUDY

Prison - refers to a penal establishment under the control of the Bureau of Corrections and shall include the New Bilibid
Prisons and other correctional institutions.

Competent Authority - refers to the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, Regional Trial Court, Metropolitan Trial Court,
Municipal Trial Court, Municipal Circuit Trial Court, Sandigan Bayan, and Military Court, including the House of Representative,
Senate, Commission on Elections, Bureau of Immigration and the Board of Pardons and Parole.

Inmate - refers to a national prisoner or one sentenced by a court to serve a maximum term of imprisonment of more
than three years or to a fine more than one thousand pesos.

Detainee - a person who is confined in prison pending preliminary investigation, trial or appeal; or upon legal process
issued by competent authority.

Death Convict - refers to an inmate whose death penalty is imposed by a Regional Trial Court, which is affirmed by the
Supreme Court En Banc.

Superintendent - refers to the one in charge of prisons.

Carpeta - refers to the institutional record of inmates which consists of; Mittimus Commitment order, Prosecutor's
information and the decision of the trial court including the Appellate court.

Prison Record - refers to information concerning an inmate's personal circumstances, offense committed, sentenced
imposed, criminal case number in the trial, and appellate courts, the date when the service of their sentence commenced, the
date when the inmate received mittimus commitment order for confinements the place of confinement, the date of expiration
of sentence, the number of previous convictions, and the behavior or conduct while in prison.

Status of Inmates as Affected by Appeal

Pending an appeal, the status of an inmate shall not be changed. However, when there is an appeal, the sentence of an
inmate is reduced to a maximum term of imprisonment of less than three years or to a fine that does not exceed one thousand
pesos. The inmate shall be transferred to the custody of the Bureau of Jail, or to the Provincial Jail concerned for the completion
of the service of the sentence (BUCOR Operating Manual).

JAILS
ORIGIN OF THE WORD JAIL
 The term jail is derived from the Spanish word, “Jaulo” which means cage. Etymologist attributed the word jail to have
originated from the Spanish term “Caula,” is the French the word of jail referred to as “Gaol” pronounced G'eole. It is a place for
the arrested for debt or crime and were held in custody. In 14th century,the arrestees were even entrusted to the knights of the
Shire.
The Spanish word “Jaulo” the French Gaol and the English term Jail have the same imports and connotations. It only
varies in spelling that derives from the punctuated pronunciations (Macasiano, 1999).

JAIL LEGAL DEFINITION

Jail is a building or place for the confinement of arrested or sentenced persons. It is usually made up of cells, which are
small rooms or enclosures where prisoners are actually kept or confined (Macasiano,1999).
The difference between the Jail and the Bureau of Corrections is that jail houses cater offenders who are possibly faced
with a penalty of not more than three years and it is under the Department of Interior and Local Government. It is classified as:
Provincial jail, Municipal jail, and City jail. While the Bureau of Corrections houses offenders who are finally convicted by the
lower court and are waiting for the results of their appeal and those who are convicted for more than three years. The Bureau of
Corrections is directly under the Department of Justice.

TYPES OF JAILS (General)

Lock -up cells - is a security facility for the temporary detention of persons held for investigation or waiting preliminary
hearing (e.g. Suspects, violators of city ordinance).
City jail, Provincial and Municipal jail - house both offenders awaiting for court actions, those serving short sentences
usually up to three years only, and juvenile offenders pending for transfer to social service agency (Macasiano, 1999).
Ordinary Jail - houses both offenders awaiting court action and those serving short sentences usually up to three (3)
years.
Work Houses - jail farm or Camp-houses minimum custody offenders serving short sentences with constructive work
programs.

JAIL BUREAU MISSION, OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES

Mission - The Jail Bureau shall direct, supervise and control the administration and operation of all district, city and
municipal jails to effect to a better system of jail management nationwide.

Objectives -The broad objectives of the Bureau are the following:

a. To improve the living conditions of offenders in accordance with the accepted standards set by the United Nations.
b. To enhance rehabilitation and reformation of offenders in preparation for their eventual reintegration into the
mainstream of society upon their release and
c. To professionalize jail services.

Principles-The following principles shall be observed in the implementation of the preceding sections.
a. It is the obligation of jail authorities to confine offenders' safety and provide rehabilitative programs that will negate
criminal tendencies, and restore their positive values to make them productive and law-abiding citizens.
b. No procedure or system of correction shall deprive any offender of hope for his ultimate return to the fold of the law
and full membership in society.
c. Unless proved otherwise, any person accused of a criminal offense shall be presumed innocent and his rights as a free
citizen shall be respected, except for such indispensable restraints during his confinement in the interest of justice and
public safety.
d. Offenders are human beings entitled to the same basic rights and privileges enjoyed by citizens in a fee society, except
that the exercise of these is limited or controlled for security reasons.
e. Health preservation and prompt treatment of illness or injury are basic rights of every person confined in jail. It is the
duty of jail authorities to arrange for their treatment subject to security measures.
f. Members of the custodial force shall set themselves as example by performing their duties in accordance with the rules
and shall respect the laws duly constituted by authorities.
g. No jail personnel shall use abusive, insulting and indecent language on the offenders.
h. No jail personnel shall use unnecessary force on offenders, except for legitimate self-defense or in cases of attempted
active and passive physical resistance to lawful order.
i. No penalty shall be imposed upon any offender for violation of rules/regulations unless in accordance with duly
approved disciplinary procedures.
 j. Penalties to be imposed shall not be cruel, inhuman or degrading. No physical punishment shall be employed as a
correctional measure.
k. Members of the force must understand that offenders need treatment and counseling and the primary purpose of
confinements is for safekeeping and rehabilitation.
l. 1.When conducting routinely custodial (in cell or compound) guarding, the ration of 1:7 or one guard for every seven (7)
offenders shall be observed.
m. When an offender is in transit, the ration ofl:1+ I for every offender shall be observed. In case of high-risk offender that
demands extra precaution, additional guards shall be employed. This manning level shall be national in scope for
effective jail administration in all regional, provincial, districts, city and municipal jails.

MANDATE - The Bureau of jail Management and Penology was created on January 2, 1991 pursuant to Republic Act
6975, replacing its forerunner, the Office of jail Management and Penology of the defunct Philippine Constabulary/ Integrated
National Police. The BJMP has jurisdiction over all district, city and municipal jails. It is a line bureau of the Department of
Interior and Local Government (DILG). As such, it shall ensure the establishment of secured, clean, adequately equipped and
sanitary facilities and provision of quality services for the custody, safekeeping and development of district, city and municipal
inmates, any fugitive from justice, or person detained, awaiting or undergoing investigation or trial and/ or transfer to the
national penitentiary, and/ or violent mentally ill person who in dangers him/herself or the safety of others as certified by the
proper medical or health officer, pending transfer to a mental institution.

FUNCTIONS - In line with its mission, the Bureau endeavors to perform the following functions:
a. Formulate policies and guidelines in the administration of all district, city, and municipal jails nationwide;
b. Implement strong security measures for the control of inmates.
c. Provide for the basic needs of inmates.
d. Conduct activities for the development of inmates.
e. Improve jail facilities; and,
f. Promote the general welfare and development of personnel.

CORE VALUES - The personnel are guided by the following core values.
a. Commitment - Strong sense of dedication to the ideals of the organization and to the public that it serves.
b. Respect for Human Rights - Promote and protect the right of our fellow human beings.
c. Efficiency/ Competence - mastery of important skills for delivery of quality services.
d. Self-Discipline - The ability to act regardless of emotional state, or the ability to withstand undue and unjust influences.
e. Teamwork -The combined effective action of all personnel.

OBJECTIVES - The objectives of the Bureau are the following:

a. To improve the living conditions of inmates in accordance with the accepted standards set by the United Nations.
b. To enhance the safekeeping and development of inmates in preparation for their eventual reintegration into the
mainstream of society upon their release; and,
c. To professionalize jail services.

JAIL PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATOR'S OFFICE - In every province, the BJMP operates and maintains a Provincial Jail
Administrator's Office headed by a Provincial Administrator, to oversee the implementation of jail services of all district, city and
municipal jails within its territorial jurisdiction.

DISTRICT JAIL – Within large cities or a group of clustered municipalities, a District Jail headed by a District Warden may be
established.

CITY AND MUNICIPAL JAILS - The BJMP operates and maintains City and Municipal Jails, each headed by a city or Municipal
Warden, as the case may be.

QUALIFICATION FOR KEY POSITION - The following are the minimum qualifications for appointment or designation to
key position in the jail Bureau.
Chief, BJMP
1) Should have the rank of at least Jail Senior Superintendent:
 2) Should be a member of the Philippine Bar or a holder of Master's Degree in Management, Public Administration, Public
Safety, Criminology, Penology, Sociology, National Security Administration, Defense Studies or other related disciplines
from a recognized institution of learning;
3) Should have satisfactorily completed the mandatory training or career courses for such positions, including the Public
Safety Officer's Senior Executive Course: and,
4) Should possess the required 3rd Level Eligibility.
Jail Regional Director
1) Should have the rank of at least Jail Senior Superintendent;
2) Should be a graduate of Bachelor of Laws or a holder of a Master's Degree in Management, Public Administration,
Public Safety, Criminology, Penology, Sociology, National Security Administration, Defense Studies or other related
disciplines from a recognized institution of learning;
3) Should have satisfactorily completed the mandatory training or career courses for such positions, including the Public
Safety Officer's Senior Executive Course: and,
4) Should possess the required 3rd Level Eligibility.
Jail Provincial Administrator
1) Should have the rank of at least Jail Superintendent;
2) Should be a graduate of Bachelor of Laws or a holder of a Master's Degree in Management, Public Administration,
Public Safety, Criminology, Penology, Sociology, National Security Administration, Defense Studies or other related
disciplines from a recognized institution of learning;
3) Should have a satisfactorily completed the mandatory training or career courses for such positions, including the Public
Safety Officer's advanced Course; and,
4) Should have been previously assigned in a supervisory position in the jail service.
District Jail Warden/Wardress
1) Should have the rank of at least Jail Superintendent;
2) Should be a graduate of Bachelor of Laws or a holder of a Master's Degree in Management, Public Administration,
Public Safety, Criminology, Penology, Sociology, National Security Administration, Defense Studies or other related
disciplines from a recognized institution of learning;
3) Should have satisfactorily completed the mandatory training or career courses for such positions, including the Public
Safety Officer's Senior Executive Course: and,
4) Should have been previously assigned in a supervisory position in the jail service.
City Jail Warden/Wardress
1) Should have the rank of at least Jail Chief Inspector;
2) Should be a college graduate who must have finished at least second year of Bachelor of Laws or at least twenty- four
(24) units of master's Degree program in Management, Public Administration, Public Safety, Criminology, Penology,
Sociology, National Security Administration, Defense Studies or other related disciplines from a recognized institution of
learning.
3) Should have satisfactorily completed the mandatory training or career courses for such positions, including the Public
Safety Officer's Basic Course and Public Safety Officer's Advance Course;
4) Should have been previously assigned in supervisory position in the jail service; and,
5) In the case of City Jails with an inmate population of one thousand (1,000) or more, the City Jail Warden should have
the rank and qualifications of a District Jail Warden.

Municipal Jail Warden/Wardress

1) Should have the rank of Jail Senior Inspector;
2) Should be a college graduate who must have finished at least second year of Bachelor of Laws or at least twenty-four
(24) units of master's Degree program in Management, Public Administration, Public Safety, Criminology, Penology,
Sociology, National Security. Administration, Defense Studies or other related disciplines from a recognized institution
of learning.
3) Should have satisfactorily completed the mandatory training or career courses for such positions, including the public
Safety Officer's Basic course; and;
4) Should have been previously assigned in a supervisory position in the jail service.
It is understood that the qualifications enumerated in the foregoing paragraphs are over and above the “General
Qualifications for Appointment” for uniformed personnel of the BJMP as provided in Section 30 of the IRR for RA 9263.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY OFFICERS

Chief, BJMP
a. Acts as adviser to the secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government relating to formulation and
implementation of policies, plans and programs in the supervision and control of district, city and municipal jails
nationwide;
b. Exercises command, supervision and control over all personnel of the Jail Bureau;
c. Administers and implements' laws relating to jail management and enforces rules and regulations governing the
administration and operation of the Jail Bureau down to its lowest units;
d. Recommends to the secretary rules and regulation and other guidelines which require the department's approval;
e. Issues directives, instructions and policies for the efficient implementation of programs; and,
f. Appoints new applicants and promotes non-officers rank within the National Headquarters and Officers Rank from Jail
Inspector to Superintendent nationwide. 8.Perfumes such other functions as may be directed by higher authorities.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF BJMP FIELD OFFICERS

Jail Regional Director (RD)
a. Supervises, monitors and control district, city and municipal jails within the area of responsibility;
b. Appoints new applicants and promotes non - officers rank within the area of responsibility;
c. Ensures proper and effective utilization of resources in the administration of jails in the region;
d. Implements laws, rules, policies, guidelines and standards handed down by higher authorities;
e. Provides technical advice and assistance or government offices and other agencies regarding jail matters within his
jurisdiction; and,
f. Performs other functions as the Chief, BJMP may direct.

Jail Provincial Administrator

a. Supervises BJMP jails within the province and sees to it that all directives, policies, rules and guidelines are strictly
followed; and,
b. Performs other functions as the Regional Director may direct.

Jail Warden/Wardress
a. Supervises and controls all personnel and inmates in the jail;
b. Implements legal order, rules, regulation and directives on jail operation and administration;
c. Administer sanctions and other disciplinary actions on inmates or personnel under his command for disobedience or
infraction of orders.
d. Supervises the conduct of greyhound operations and inspection of jail facilities and premises;
e. Ensures the security and control of the jail facility and provides inmates welfare and development programs;
f. Promotes the welfare and morale of personnel and inmates;
g. Assumes responsibility for the formulation and implementation of emergency plans to preclude occurrence of jail
incidents and disturbances;
h. Ensures proper utilization of resources and maintenance of facility, supplies, and equipment.
i. Establishes linkages with GO's, NGOs and/ or the tri-media;
j. Submits periodic and spot reports, if necessary, to regional office;
k. Turn- over duties and responsibilities including supplies, funds, organic equipment, records and paraphernalia to the
incoming jail warden upon relief; and,
l. Performs other functions as the Regional Director may direct.

______________________________________________________________________________

Under the office of the Warden are the following:

1) Intelligence and Investigation Team - collates and submits intelligence information to the warden on the matters pertaining
to jail conditions.
2) Jail Inspectorate Section - inspect the jail facilities, the personnel and prisoners/ detainees and submits reports of deficiencies
noted.
3) Public Relations Office - task with the maintenance of good public relations to obtain the necessary and adequate support of
the public.
Office of the Assistant Warden
a. Undertakes the development of a systematic process of the treatment for this individual inmate and determines the
degree of custody for such individual in his capacity as chairman of the Classification Board.
b. He is also automatically serves as chair of the Disciplinary Board.
1) Classification Board - is tasked with the gathering and collating of information and other data of every prisoner into a case
study to determine the work assignment, type of supervision and degree of custody and restriction under which an offender
must live in jail.
2) Disciplinary Board - hearing disciplinary cases involving violation of jail rules and regulations by the inmates.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF BJMP ADMINISTRATIVE GROUP - charge of all administrative functions of the jail.
1. Personnel Management Branch - task for the assignment of personnel, procedures of selection, preparation of personnel
reports and individual record files.
2. Records and Statistics Branch - Keep and maintain booking sheets and arrest reports, keep an orderly record of fingerprints
and photographs, prepare and presents statistical data inmates.
3. Property and Supply Branch - take charge of the safekeeping of equipment and supplies and materials needed for the
operation of the jail.
4. Budget and Finance Branch - take charge of all financial matter such as budgeting, financing, accounting and auditing.
5. Mess Services Branch - prepare the daily menu, prepares and cook the food and serve it to the inmates.
6. General Services Branch - maintain and repair of jail facilities and equipment. It is also task with cleanliness beautification of
the jail compound.
7. Mittimus Computing Branch - receive court decisions and compute the date of the full completion of the service sentence of
inmates.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF SECURITY GROUP - provides a system of sound custody, security and control of inmates and
their movements and also responsible to enforce prison or jail discipline.
1. Escort/Subpoena Platoon
 Escort Section - produce inmates under proper guard, to Prosecutor's authority upon proper summons. Transfer the
prisoner to penal institution on proper order of the court or authority.
 Subpoena Section - receives, distributes, and/or serve subpoenas, notices, orders summons and other court processes
directed to inmates confined in jail.
2. Security Platoon - responsible for proper system of security and control procedures of inmates in confinement, and the
searching of all personnel and visitors entering the jail compound to check and prevent the smuggling of contraband.
Notes: Contraband was commonly described in the past as any material that might be used for an escape or used to take
advantage of other inmates. Such items as matches, money, pornographic pictures, guns, drugs and tools are generally
considered as contraband. Any item can be placed on the list of contraband if it is perceived as a threat to orderly operation of
jail or prison.
At present, contraband is described as any item found on the inmate or in his possession or in his dorm that is not specifically
authorized by the rules.
3. Custodian Section - Conduct regular custodial functions over inmates
4. Admitting and Releasing Section - part the security platoon. It is tasked with receiving of person committed to the jail and the
proper release of prisoners who have served prison sentence or are released on orders of competent courts or authority.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF REHABILITATION GROUP - provides services and assistance to prisoners and their families to
enable them to solve their individual needs and problems arising from the prisoner's confinement. Correction and Rehabilitation
it's the primary interest of this group.
1. Medical and Health Services - provides medical and physical examination of inmates upon confinement, treatment of sick
inmates. Also conducts psychiatric and psychological examination.
2.Work and Education Therapy Services - in-charge of the job and educational programs needed for rehabilitation of inmates by
providing them job incentives so they can earn and provide support for their families while in jail.
3. Socio-Cultural Services - it takes care of the social care of the social casework study of the individual prisoners by making
interviews, home visits, and referral to
community resources, free legal services, and liaison works for inmates.
4. Chaplaincy Services - it takes charge of the religious and moral upliftment of the inmates through religious services. This
branch caters to all religious sects.
5.Guidance Counseling Services - responsible for the individual and group counseling activities to help the lead a wholesome
constructive life.

COURTS AND OTHER ENTITIES AUTHORIZE TO COMMIT A PERSON TO JAIL

The following (courts and entities) are authorized to commit a person to jail.
a. Supreme Court
b. Court of Appeals
c. Sandiganbayan
d. Regional Trial Court
e. Metropolitan/Municipal Trial Court
f. Municipal Circuit Trial Court
g. Congress of the Philippines
h. All other administrative bodies or persons authorized by law to arrest and/or commit a person to jail.

CATEGORIES OF INMATES
The two (2) general classes of inmates are:
a. Prisoner - inmate who is convicted by final judgment
b. Detainee - inmate who is undergoing investigation/ trial or awaiting trial/ sentencing.

CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS
The four (4) main classifications of prisoners are:
a. Insular Prisoner - one who is sentence to a prison term of three (3) years and one (1) day to death.
b. Provincial Prisoner - One who is sentenced to a prison term of six (6) months and one (1) day to three (3) years.
c. City Prisoner - one who is sentenced to a prison term of one (1) day to three (3) years.
d. Municipal Prisoner - one who is sentenced to a prison term of one (1) day to six (6) months.

CLASSIFICATION OF DETAINEES
The three (3) types of detainees are those:
a. Undergoing Investigation
b. Awaiting or undergoing trial; and,
c. Awaiting final judgment.

INMATES SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

The following are the classification of inmates according to security risk:
a. High risk Inmates
b. High Profile Inmates
c. Ordinary Inmates

REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMITMENT

The following are the requirements for commitment:
a. Commitment Order
b. Medical Certificate
c. Complaint/Information
d. Police Booking Sheet

RECEPTION PROCEDURES
A decent and humane program of confinement starts with a systematic reception of inmates for commitment to the
BJMP's jails facilities. The following procedure should therefore be observed:
a. The Jail Desk Officer carefully check the credentials of the person(s) bringing in the inmate to determine his/her/ their
identity and authority. The officer also ascertains from the person(s) that law enforcement procedures, including the
verification for standing warrant/ criminal record of the arrested person before physical presentation in court, must
have been undertaken prior to the inmate's transfer/ commitment to the jail. It is understood therefore that other
standing warrants must have been served when a person is admitted for jail custody.
b. The Jail Desk Officer carefully examines the arrest report and the authenticity of the commitment order or mittimus in
due form to determine whether the inmate has been committed under legal authority as provided for by Section 3,
Rule XIII of the rules of court.
c. Person arrested by virtue of a Warrant of Arrest must secure a Commitment order from the court where the Warrant of
Arrest issued before he can be committed to jail.
d. The admitting jail officer takes all cash and other personal property from the inmate, lists them down on a receipt form
in duplicate, duly signed by him/her and countersigned by the inmate. The original receipt should be kept for the record
and the duplicate copy should be given to the inmate.
e. All cash and other valuable of the inmate must be turned over to the Property Custodian for safekeeping and covered
by official receipt.
f. The inmate is then fingerprinted and photographed.
g. The admitting jail booking report attaching thereto the inmate's photograph for reference.
h. The newly admitted inmate shall be thoroughly strip. searched. His/ her clothing shall also be carefully examined for
contraband. He/ she is then checked for body vermin, cuts, bruises and other injuries, and for needle marks to
determine if he/ she is a drug dependent.
i. The Jail Medical Personnel or the local Health Officer immediately conducts a thorough medical examination of the
inmate.
j. When it is not possible for the Jail Medical Personnel to be in attendance during the inmate's admission, the receiving
officers shall observe the mental alertness, overall appearance, Physical abnormalities, rashes, scratches or other
identifying marks of the individual and note them down in the inmate's jail report. The offender observed to be
suffering front any contagious disease is immediately isolated.
k. A medical record is accomplished by the Jail Medical Personnel or Local Health Officer, showing the condition of the
inmate at the time of admission and to include, if possible, his/her medical history.
l. Upon commitment, the inmate should be briefed or oriented in the jail rules and regulations by the Chief Custodial
Officer or the Officer of the day prior to classification and segregation.
m. The sentenced inmates shall be provided by jail clothing. His/ her personal clothing should be properly received,
cleaned and stored safety until his/ her release. The detainee, for his/ her own safety, may be allowed to wear civilian
clothes.
n. The warden establishes and maintains a record of all inmates, consisting of information of the inmate's name and
alias(es), if any; weight, height, and body marks or tattoos, if any; nationality and, if a naturalized Filipino, his/ her
previous nationality; previous occupation/ profession; prior criminal convictions; and previous place of residence.
In the case of a detainee, the record shall also indicate the crime of which he/she was convicted; the
sentencing court, his/her sentence and the commencement date thereof; institutional behavior and conduct, and the
date he/ she was received for confinement. In the case of detainee, the record shall indicate the Criminal Case number
in the trial court where the case is pending; or the Case number in the Appellate Court if the case is on appeal and the
status of the appeal; or the reason for his/ her detention.
o. Upon completion of the reception procedures, the detainee is assigned to his/her quarters.
p. The detainee should be issued all materials that he/ she will be using during his/ her confinement.
q. Upon receipt of a detainee, he / she shall be appraised, preferably in the dialect which he/ she understand, that under
Article 29 of the Revised Penal Code, as amended by Republic Act No. 6125, his/ her preventive imprisonment shall be
credited in the service of his/ her sentence, consisting of deprivation of liberty of the whole period he/ she agrees
voluntarily in writing to abide by the same disciplinary rules imposed upon convicted prisoners; Provided, that he/ she
is not a recidivist, or has not been previously convicted twice or more times of any crime; and when, upon being
summoned for the execution of his/ her sentence, he/ she surrendered voluntarily.
r. If the inmate agrees to abide by the same disciplinary rules imposed upon convicted inmates. He/ she shall be asked to
sign Detainee's Manifestation. Otherwise, the warden issues a Certification under oath to the effect that the detainee
was apprised of the provisions of Article 29 of the Revised Penal Code, as amended, and that the detainee refused to
abide by the rules imposed upon convicted inmates.
s. An inmate who signs a Detainee's Manifestation shall be treated as a sentenced inmate insofar as work and discipline
are concerned. Any failure or neglect to perform his/ her assigned work shall be sufficient cause for the cancellation of
the Manifestation. Thereafter, he/ she shall not be treated as a convicted inmate and cease to earn the privilege
granted.
t. A detainee who is covered by a Certification is not required to work but she/ he may be made to clean his/ her cell and
perform such other work as may be necessary for hygienic or sanitary reasons. He/she shall be credited with the service
of his/her sentence with four- fifths (4/5) of the time during he/ she was detained.
u. The Warden Submits the detainee's Manifestation or Certification as the case may be, to the proper court before the
date set for the arraignment of the inmate and the same shall form part of the records of the case. The same procedure
shall be followed with respect to all accused persons who have been convicted but whose cases are pending appeal
 before a higher court. The Detainees Manifestation or Certification as the case may be, shall form part of the records of
the case.
v. Full credit for the preventive imprisonment shall commence from the date of the Detainees Manifestation.

PUNISHABLE ACTS
An inmate is strictly prohibited from committing any of the following acts:
a. Minor Offenses
1. Selling or bartering with fellow offender items not classified as contraband.
2. Rendering personal service to fellow offender.
3. Untidy or dirty in his personal appearance.
4. Littering or failing to maintain cleanliness and orderliness in his quarters and/or surroundings.
5. Making frivolous or groundless complaints.
6. Taking the cudgel for or reporting complaints on behalf of other offenders.
7. Late in formation or duty without justifiable reasons.
8. Willful waste of food.

b. Less Grave Offenses

1. Failure to report for work detail without sufficient justification.
2. Failure to render assistance to an injured personnel o inmate
3. Failure to assist in putting out fires inside the jail.
4. Acting boisterously during religious, social and other group functions.
5. Swearing, cursing or using profane or defamatory language, directed personally towards other persons.
6. Malingering or reporting for sick call to escape work assignment.
7. Spreading rumors or maliciously intriguing against the honor of any person, particularly members of the custom dial
force.
8. Failing to stand at attention and give due respect when confronted by or reporting to any officer or member of the
custodial force.
9. Forcing fellow inmates to render personal service to him and/or others.
10. Exchanging uniform or wearing clothes other than those issued to him for the purpose of circumventing jail rules.
11. Loitering or being in an unauthorized place.
12. Using the telephone without authority from the desk officer/warden.
13. Writing defacing or drawing on walls, floors or any furniture or equipment.
14. Withholding information which is inimical and prejudicial to the jail administration.
15. Possession of lewd or pornographic literature and/ or photographs.
16. Absence form cell, brigade place of work during headcount, or at any time without justification reason.
17. Failing to turn over any implements/articles issued after the work detail.
18. Committing any act prejudicial to or which is not necessary to good order and discipline.

c. Grave Offences
1. Making untruthful statements or lies in official communication, transaction or investigation.
2. Keeping or concealing keys or locks of places in the jail where it is off-limits to offenders.
3. Giving gifts, selling to, or bartering with jail personnel.
4. Keeping in his possession money, jewelry or other contraband which the rules prohibit.
5. Tattooing others or allowing him to be tattooed on any part of the body, or keeping any paraphernalia to be used in
tattooing.
6. Forcibly taking o extracting money from fellow inmates.
7. Punishing or inflicting injury or harm upon himself or other inmates.
8. Receiving, keeping, taking or imbibing liquor and other prohibited drugs.
9. Making, improvising or keeping any kind of deadly weapon.
10. Concealing or withholding information on plans of attempted escapes.
11. Unruly conduct and behavior and flagrant disregard of discipline and instructions.
12. Escaping, attempting, or planning to escape from the institution or from any guard.
13. Helping, aiding or abetting others to escape.
14. Fighting, causing any disturbance or participating therein and/or agitating to cause such disturbance or riot.
 15. Indecent immoral or lascivious acts by himself or others and/or allowing to be the subject of such indecent, immoral or
lascivious acts.
16. Willful disobedience to a lawful order issued by an officer or member of the custodial force.
17. Assaulting any officer or member of the custodial force.
18. Damaging any government property or equipment issued to the inmates.
19. Participating in any kangaroo court, an unauthorized or irregular court conducted with disregard for or perversion of
legal procedures as a mock court by offender in a jail/ prison.
20. Affiliating oneself to any gang or faction whose main purpose is to foment regionalism or to segregate them from
others.
21. Failing to inform the authorities concerned when afflicted with communicable disease, like VD, etc.
22. Engage in gambling or nay game of chance.
23. Committing any act which is in violation of any law or ordinance, in which case, he shall separately be prosecuted
criminally in accordance with law.

SPECIAL NEED OR UNUSUAL OFFENDERS

As a general rule, special/unusual offenders should not be held in jails with other offenders. Female offenders should be
confined in separate institutions from men. However, until adequately detention homes shall have been provided, the jail will
continue to serve as their temporary homes.
The following are the offenders with special need/unusual offenders;
a. FEMALE
a) The women's quarters should be fully separated from the male quarters
b) All handling and supervision of female offenders/detainees must be done by female jail staff
c) In larger jails, services may be provided by a resident matron who shall keep the keys to the women's quarters and
should be available at any time
d) No male offender shall be allowed to enter the women's quarters
e) Only work suitable to their age and physical condition should be assigned to female inmate
Notes:
 There shall be a special accommodation for all pre-natal care and treatment. Arrangement shall be made whenever
practicable for child to be born in jail; this fact shall not be mentioned/stated in the birth certificate.
 Where nursing infants are allowed to remain in the institution with their mothers, provisions shall be made for
nursery staffed by qualified persons, where the infants shall be placed when they are not in the care of their
mothers.
 The inmate-mother has the right to be with her child inside the institution until the child first year birthday.
b. DRUG ADDICTS/DEPENDENTS
a) Inmate found to be drug dependents should be segregated from other offenders, especially during the withdrawal
period
b) Close supervision of inmates should be maintained to prevent attempts to commit suicide or self-mutilation
c) Only a qualified physician shall prescribe sedatives/stimulants deemed necessary for the inmates' treatment
d) Appropriate measures should be taken to enable inmates to follow strictly the jail physician's advice regarding diet and
other medical intervention/treatments during the withdrawal period; and
e) Conduct a regular search of the inmates' quarter and maintain constant alertness to prevent the smuggling of narcotics
and other dangerous drugs.
c. ALCOHOLICS
a) Alcoholics should be placed in a comfortable quarter separate from other offenders and maintain close supervision to
guard against suicide attempts
b) Any symptom of abnormal behavior among offenders should be reported to jail physician
c) Close supervision should be maintained to guard against the smuggling of liquor and other intoxicating drinks or
products containing alcohol
d. MENTALLY-ILL
a) The mentally-ill should be under the close supervision of a jail physician
b) The mentally-ill should be placed in the individual cells and special restraint rooms provided for violent cases
c) Close supervision should be maintained to guard against suicide attempts or violent attacks on others
d) d)The mentally-ill should be transferred to mental institutions for proper psychiatric treatment
e. SEX DEVIATES
 a) The homosexual should be segregated immediately to prevent them from influencing other offenders or being
maltreated or abused by other inmates; and
b) The other sex deviates, likewise, should be separated from other inmates for closer supervision and control
f. ESCAPE-PRONE PRISONERS/DETAINEES
a) The escape-prone inmates should be held in the most secured quarters, preferably in single cells
b) Their conduct should be closely supervised and their actuations observed during and after visiting hours
c) Their quarters should be search frequently and subject to frequent strip search
d) Their telephone calls should be restricted and its use should be allowed only if monitored on an extension
g. SUICIDE-RISK OFFENDERS
a) The suicide risk prisoner/detainees should be given close and constant supervision;
b) Search their quarters and premises for tools/ material that can be used for suicide; and
c) They should be subjected to frequent strip searches
h. THE HANDICAPPED, AGED AND INFIRM
a) The handicapped should be housed separately and closely supervised to protect them from maltreatment or abuse by
other offenders
b) Special treatment should be given to these prisoners who shall be required to work only in accordance with their
physical capabilities for their own upkeep to maintain the sanitation of their quarters and surroundings
i. ALIEN OFFENDERS / NON-PHILIPPINE CITIZEN INMATES
The Warden shall report in writing to the Bureau of Immigration and the respective embassies of the detained
foreigners with the following information:
 The name of jail
 The name of the foreigner;
 His nationality and the number of his/her Alien Certification of Registration if any;
 Age and sex
 The offense charged;
 Case Number
 Court/Branch
 Status of the Case

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Commitment Order - A written order of the court or any other competent authority consigning an offender to a jail or
prison for confinement.
Contraband - Any article, item or things prohibited by law and/or forbidden by jail rules.
Escape - An act of getting out unlawfully from confinement or custody an offender.
Instrument of restraint - a device, contrivance, tool or instrument used to hold back, keep in, check or control an
offender; e.g., handcuffs, leg irons.
Jail – A place of confinement for offenders under investigation, awaiting or undergoing trial, or serving sentence.
Mittimus - A warrant issued by the court bearing its seals and signature of the judge, directing the jail or prison
authorities to receive offenders for custody or service of sentence imposed therein.
Penology - A branch of criminology which deals with management and administration of offenders.
Rehabilitation - A program of activity directed to restore and offender's self-respect thereby making him a law-abiding
citizen after serving his sentence.
Safekeeping - The temporary custody of a person for his own protection, safety or care; and that of the community
from him.
Offender - Either a prisoner o detainee confined in jail.
Detainee - A person accused before a court or competent authority who is temporarily confined in jail while undergoing
or awaiting investigation, trial, or final judgment.
Prisoner - An Offender who is a convicted by final judgment.
 LESSON 3.1
MODERN CONCEPTS OF PENOLOGY AND THE JAILS
(Continuation…)
Refer to the book, “Institutional Correction, 2017”, pages 55-62

CONCEPT OF JAIL SECURITY

The overall concept of jail security operation encompasses both prevention and rehabilitation. These two efforts are
inseparable as neither can be accomplished without the other. Jail security is necessary to safeguard the lives of people residing
within the vicinity, those managing the jails; and, inmates whose lives are to be rehabilitated to become constructive members
of society.

SECURITY AND CONTROL

The following guidelines should be strictly observed in jail, security and control:
a. Maintain strict control of firearms. Never permit any firearm inside the jail except in some areas where firearms are
authorized.
b. Maintain 24-hour supervision of the offenders.
c. Maintain a system of key control which shall include an accurate listing of all keys and a receipting them. Never permit
the offenders to handle keys or to study them.
d. Secure firearms and Anti-riot equipment in the armory where they shall be within easy reach of the jail guard and yet
afford maximum security access by offenders.
e. Supervise the proper use of tools and other potentiality dangerous articles such as bottles, acids, kitchen knives, etc.,
and keep them out of offenders' each when not in use.
f. Conduct regular offenders' count at least four (4) times within the 24 hour a day period. Establish procedures which will
ensure beyond doubt, that every offender is physically present or accounted for, at every count.
g. Conduct frequent surprise searches of offenders and their quarters to detect contraband.
Note: Operation Greyhound is the term used by BJMP in relation to this surprise searches. Operation Galugad is the
term used by BuCor.
h. Conduct frequent inspections of security facilities to detect tampering or defects.
i. Develop plans dealing with emergencies like escapes, fires, assaults and riots. Make plans known and understood by jail
personnel.
j. Never allow a jail guard to open the offenders' quarters alone. At least, another guard should be present.
k. Select carefully the offenders to be assigned as orderly or aide and maintain rigid control over their activities. No
offender should be allowed to assume any of the authority which belongs to the jail staff or shall any offender be
allowed to exercise authority, supervision and control over other prisoners.

DUTIES OF CUSTODIAL FORCE - Members of the custodial force shall have the following duties and responsibilities:
a. To supervise and maintain order and discipline of offenders in housing units, those assembled for religious services,
entertainment and athletics, during meals, classes, work details, bath and visits;
b. To censor offenders' mail
c. To inspect security devices;
d. To maintain inner and outer perimeter security.
e. To escort offenders to courts, other authorized places of confinement and to hospitals in cases of emergencies.
f. To insure custody and safety of those confined in jail.
g. To escort visitors within the jail premises.
h. To report any infringement of rules and regulations to proper authorities.
i. To inform the Warden of any Emergency case;
j. To keep and maintain records of the offenders; and,
k. To perform such other duties as may be assigned by competent authority
INMATES’ COUNT
It is a part of institutional procedure that at specified times during each 24-hour period, all inmates are physically
counted, for this type of count, the general procedures are as follows;
1) Each inmate is counted physically at specified times;
2) During the count, all movements of inmates shall cease until the count is completed;
3) The count must be accurate. A positive verification must be made to ensure that the inmates are physically present.
Counting a man on the basis of seeing any part of his clothing, hair, shoes is not a good counting procedure;
4) Report of each count of a group of inmates is submitted to the Warden and/or Deputy Warden; and
5) If the total jail inmates' count does not tally with the total jail population at any given time, another count shall be
made. An immediate report shall be rendered to the Warden and/or Deputy Warden for any unaccounted inmates.

SECURITY PROCEDURE DURING MEAL SERVICE

Security must be considered in the serving of food inside the cell’s quarters. A jail officer should not enter the quarters
of the inmates to distribute food unless another officer is available to handle the keys and control the entrance door. When the
feeding is to be accomplished with only one officer on duty, it is essential that food shall be served without unlocking the door if
there is danger of being overpowered by the inmates. If not, the door may be opened but he must be on the alert always.

Dining Room Security

1) As a general precaution, individual mess utensils of inmates shall be made of plastics.
2) When dining rooms are provided, the inmates should be marched in column of two's along designated routes under the
supervision of one or two jail personnel. Other officials may be stationed along the route to direct the orderly
movement of inmates to and from the mess hall.
3) There must be a roving supervisor to handle occasional disturbances or settle complaints
4) After meals, all utensils used by the inmates should be collected. This should be strictly supervised by jail personnel to
be sure that no utensils are brought out of the dining room.
5) Forks, spoon and other kitchen utensils should be checked and accounted for after every meal.

MAIL CENSORSHIP
To give the inmate a respite from the restrain of prison life, he should be encouraged to maintain wholesome contact
with friends and relatives through correspondence. A mere personal source of knowledge about happenings in the outside
world will tone down the depressive mood that develops when someone is shut off from the outside world. However, the
privilege of sending and receiving mail extended to inmates should be properly supervised and handled to obviate the possibility
of smuggling contraband and using this as a means of illicit communication.

Procedures when Censoring Mails

1) Mail shall be secured until such time that the censors are ready to examine them;
2) The inmate's mail shall be opened and searched only by qualified, trained and authorized jail personnel;
3) Letter containing currency, checks or money should be marked with the amount enclosed and deposited with the Trust
Officer/Property Custodian. The receiving officer should list down the amount received on a receipt from in duplicate.
The original receipt signed by the receiving officer should be kept for the record and the duplicate copy should be given
to the inmate for his information;
4) All greeting cards should be carefully examined and fillers of any kind found therein should be collected for laboratory
examination;
5) Photographs clearly within the scope of the jail regulations should be marked on the reversed side and placed in the
envelope;
6) Any item or correspondence or enclosure that does not conforming with the regulations or are detrimental to security,
order and discipline of the jail should be brought to the attention of the jail warden.
7) In the censoring of mail, prison slang, unusual nicknames and sentences with double meaning should be carefully
studied and analyzed to determine their real meanings;
8) All letters containing statements concerning the security or reputation of the jail, like attempts of escape,
smuggling/trafficking of contraband and statement that may affect the rule and policies, etc., shall be forwarded to the
Office-in-Charge of mail censorship;
9) All letters passed by censors should bear the sensors stamp at the top of each page and on the envelope. The letters
should be placed back in the same envelope and released;
 10) 10)A listing of mail for inmates should be properly posted in a conspicuous place this will also form part of the records
of the jail;
11) If the inmate fails to claim his letter within 24 hours after it has been posted, the mail should be delivered to him;
12) Contents of the offender's mail should not be discussed with other jail personnel, except for official purposes; and
13) All outgoing mails shall pass through the normal mail facility of the jail subject to the usual censorship.

FIRE PREVENTION RULES

Fire does not only cause financial losses but also loss of lives and property. To prevent occurrences of fire in jails and
minimize its effect if such occur, the following rules should be allowed:
1) Inmates should be kept aware of the hazards caused by the careless handling of cigarettes, inflammable materials, fuel,
welding equipment, etc.;
2) Fire extinguishers should be placed in close proximity to all housing units and should be located in strategic places in
buildings and work areas;
3) 3)Empty drums and cans should be filled with water and some with sand and placed in strategic places for ready use;
4) Keys to all emergency exits, cells, brigades, and storage places of firefighting equipment should be made available. Such
keys should have tags, marked distinctly to avoid confusion during emergencies;
5) Portable floodlights should be available in the control Center for night fire; and
6) Government equipment should be marked priority tags or symbols to determine which should be first for evacuation
during an emergency.

EMERGENCY PLANS
Emergency plans for fire or conflagration, riots or violent disturbance, jail breaks and other such occurrences should be
formulated to suit the physical structure and other peculiar to the individual jail. Hence, herewith are suggested steps or
activities, which may be considered for warden's planning. Fire plan and like should become a part of the operational plans
which every jail is expected to maintain in the office files. It is important that each participant must know his particular role.

Plans in Case of Fire or Conflagration

1) Fire crew, consisting of jail personnel and inmates chosen according to the degree of the custody, intelligence, interest
and training should be formed and trained to man the firefighting truck and then be made available at all times;
2) The inmates who are selected should be separately housed in close proximity to the fire truck and other equipment.
They should be issued special uniforms different from those of the ordinary inmates so that they may be checked and
identified easily when outside the main compound;
3) At the first sign of fire, the Control Center shall immediately sound a pre-arranged alarm either by a siren, bell, or any
means available. At the same time, it shall notify the Fire Department, Police Headquarters and other units that may
help in putting out fire and/or evacuation of inmates;
4) The Desk Officer or the person in-charge of the keys to the storage for firefighting equipment, emergency gates and
gates of different cells/brigades, should distribute the keys to the responsible personnel concerned;
5) All inmates in the affected area shall be required to help in putting out the fire, using water and sand in the drums and
cans, the fire-fighting equipment, fire extinguishers and such other things available to put out the fire;
6) The fire crew shall immediately respond to the scene to put out the fire while the other jail personnel shall station
themselves according to priority and under proper guard;
7) If there is a necessity to evacuate government records, supplies and equipment, they should be evacuated to a safe
place according to priority and under proper guard;
8) If it is necessary to evacuate the jail population, they should be evacuated in an orderly manner, using the closed vans
and other vehicles, or by any other means, to pre-arranged buildings or detention centers for their safe and temporary
confinement under strict security;
9) When the all-clear alarm is sounded, first aid shall be administered to the injured, an institution-wide count of inmates
should be made and immediately followed by a security check;
10) If the inmates were evacuated and the jail is still intact, they should be returned to the institution and continue normal
jail activities; and
11) Through investigation relative thereto should thereafter be conducted and report thereon be submitted to the
Provincial Jail Administrator and copy furnished the Assistant Regional Director, the Chief, Jail Bureau, and the
Stationed or Sub-station Commander.

Plans for Riots and Violent Disturbances

 No matter how efficient the jail administration is, there will always be occasional riots or disturbances that require
immediate emergency action. While it is not possible to foresee the exact nature of the disturbance and when it may occur,
there should be pre-determined and well-defined plans of action to cope with such emergencies, like the following:
1) At the sound of the first pre-arranged alarm, all inmates must be locked up inside their respective cells/quarters.
Inmate's work crew should be brought immediately into designated areas by custodian for accounting and
subsequently locked after the inmates' count;
2) If the disturbances occur during visiting period, all visitors should be immediately ushered out of the visiting premises
to the most secured portion of the jail previously pre-determined for this purpose. They should not be permitted to get
out of the premises until proper accounting of inmates shall have been made;
3) Simultaneously, all members of the security group out on post shall immediately report to the Desk Officer and shall
make themselves available for emergency deployment. All critical posts shall be covered according to the PLAN to
prevent escapes. Do not rush into the scene. The most senior officer present automatically take command of the force
and make assessment of the situation;
4) The Control Center shall take into consideration the readiness of all communication lines emergency calls to the
outside. At the moment, the operator should not entertain incoming calls except purely official calls;
5) The Desk Officer or the Armorer should make an immediate preparation for the issuance of the necessary anti-riot
equipment and firearms;
6) On his judgment and proper assessment of the prevailing condition, the Officer in command may cause the division of
the available force into three (3) groups as follows:
o 1st group - to compose the initial anti-riot assault contingent whose main objectives is to disperse the rioters and
get their leaders and shall be armed with wicker shields, protective headgears, gas masks and night sticks or
batons, when these are available.
o 2nd group - to serve as back-up force to support the first group and for this purpose shall be equipped with tear
gas guns and gas grenades.
o 3rd group - to compose of guards trained on proper handling and use of firearms who shall be ready to fire when
the lives of the guards are in peril on
o orders of the Officer-in-Command.
7) When everything is ready, the Officer-in-Command shall, with the use of a megaphone or microphone or any public
address system, direct the inmate to cease and desist, return to their respective cells or face the consequences of their
acts, the known leader should be called by their names and asked to stop the rioting or disturbance.
8) The second alarm shall be sounded when all efforts of the Officer-in-Command had failed. By this time, all guards shall
be prepared for the assault. The first group shall now enter the compound followed by the second group at a discreet
distance the third group shall be in strategic position, ready to fire when and if the guards are in danger.
9) The first group shall be tasked with quelling the riot and getting the leaders of the rioting group and, if meet with stiff
resistance, should withdraw on orders of their leaders;
10) The second group shall not use riot control gases, except in orders of the Officer-in-Command. Gas should be used and,
in such quantity, to have the desired effects. When the area is saturated with gas, the first group with gas masks shall
attack using their batons to force the rioters back into their cells and get the leader. Used of pressurized water from the
fire truck may be resorted to.
11) On instruction of the Officer-in-Command, initial alarm shall be relayed to the Superintendent, Station or Sub-station
Commander and/or the nearest police station or unit giving assistance to quell such disturbance in the jail;
12) When conditions become critical and the disturbance has reached full scale, the Officer-in-Command shall cause the
sounding of the third alarm. At this instance, Control Center shall notify all nearby police agencies for assistance and
then all other plans in connection with jail uprisings shall be executed. Nearby hospitals shall also be notified if the
situation demands;
13) As the last resort to prevent mass jailbreak or serious assault upon members of the custodian forces, the selected
marksman of the third group may be ordered to fire, by the Officer-in-Charge, only after due warning shots. Here again,
reasonable caution, to insure the safety of individuals, is imperative. The order to fire should be given only as a last
resort, not necessarily to kill but only to aim at designated targets, not at innocent by-standers, fellow officer or some
other employees; and
14) Finally, after any such incident, the following steps should be undertaken:
o Administer first aid to the injured;
o Conduct inmates' count;
o Segregate ring leaders and agitators;
 o Check security of the institution;
o Conduct a thorough investigation of the incident. Prosecute those who have violated the laws, rule and regulations;
o Repair damages;
o Adopt effective measures to prevent repetition of similar incidents; and
o Submit reports to the Provincial Jail Administrator and copy furnished the Central Office of the Jail Bureau, and the
Station and Sub-station Commander.

Plans for Escapes or Jail Breaks

Since escape basically occurs without warning, it is essential that the jail shall have well-developed plans or procedures
that may be placed into effect quickly. Time is of the essence in blocking off the movements of escapees and effecting recapture.

Basic Guidelines in dealing with Jail Breaks in Progress:

1) 1)The Control Center shall immediately sound the alarm and the Warden or Desk Officer shall be notified;
2) At the first sound of the alarm, all inmates shall be locked in their respective cells while those in work detail should be
marched in on orderly manner to their cells;
3) All jail personnel, custodial or non-custodial shall make themselves available for emergency development with the
exception of those previously assigned. The Desk Officer or the Armorer shall issue firearms to members of the
custodial force who shall be immediately dispatched to strategic posts according to the PLAN;
4) Personnel who have inmates under their supervision, assigned to essential maintenance posts such as powerhouse,
kitchen, hospital, fire station, etc., must remain on duty take their accounting at the time of the emergency alarm and
report thereon submitted to the Control Center;
5) A simultaneous institution-wide count shall be made to determine the number of inmates who escaped and their
identities established;
6) As soon as the identities of the escapees have been established, their names and other personal circumstances shall be
immediately flashed to all units of the province, district, station or sub-station, and all nearby station shall be notified;
7) Radio and television stations and other news media shall be notified and, if possible, furnished with the escapees
photographs for possible publication and flashing over the television screen;
8) Recovery team shall be ordered to proceed to all known liars, hangouts, residences, and houses of immediate relatives
and friends for the immediate recapture of the escapees;
9) In case of mass jail break all members of the custodial force shall be immediately issued firearms and assigned to critical
posts to block the escape routes while the pursuing teams should get out of the jail premises to recapture the escapees.
The rest of the jail personnel and custodial force who are off-duty shall contacted by cellular phone or through the
fastest means available to require them to report for duty immediately;
10) If an officer or any member is held hostage, reasonable caution should be taken to ensure his/her safety;
11) If the warden is held hostage, for all intents and purposes, he ceases to exercise authority and the next in command or
the most senior officer present shall take
12) over; 12) If there are no hostages and the inmates are still inside the jail compound and continue to defy orders given
by the Warden or the Officer-in-Charge, procedures shall be activated immediately according to plan;
13) 13)Maximum force shall be deployed for escapees found holding on an area to pressure them to surrender and overt
their movements; and
14) An investigation shall be conducted to determine any flaws in the Security Plan for possible correction to be submitted
to Assistant Regional Director, copy furnished the Central Office of the Jail Bureau, The Station or Sub-station
Commander.

Plans for Other Emergencies

1) If facilities and personnel requirements are available, a jail shall have emergency plans in case of power failure and
natural disasters, such as flood, earthquakes and other calamities. The plans cover the specific roles of jail personnel
present, alarm system to be used, emergency power units to be utilized, kind of security to be provided and such other
measures as are necessary to ensure the safety and security of jail personnel and offenders. Likewise, the plans shall
also include detailed procedures for the evacuation of prisoners in cases of floods, earthquakes and other calamities, if
such evacuation is necessary.
2) Separate SOP's to this effect should be issued.

Natural Calamities Man-made Calamities / Disturbances

a. Fire a. Riot
b. Flood b. Jailbreak
c. Earthquake c. Noise barrage
d. Tsunami d. Hostage-taking
e. Landslide e. Epidemics
f. Typhoon f. Food poisoning
g. Volcanic Eruption g. Rescue
h. Others h. Bombing
i. Power failure
j. Water shortage
k. Others