 FRANSISCO ALBO
- Greek Sailor of the 16th century
- Part of Magellan and Elcano’s
Expedition
- Pilot of Magellan’s flagship
- One of the 18 men who returned
to Spain in 1522
 ANTONIO PIGAFETTA
- Italian scholar and explorer
- One of the 18 survivors who
returned to Spain in 1522
- Chronicled the expedition of
Ferdinand Magellan
 REV. FR. PEDRO DE
VALDERRAMA
- Augustinian friar
- A missionary from Ferdinand
Magellan’s crew
 FIRST CATHOLIC MASS IN
THE PHILIPPINES
- Was held March 31, 1521
- Presided by Father Pedro de
Valderrama
- Marked the birth of Roman
Catholicism in the Philippines
FIRST MASS WAS HELD
 BOLINAO, PANGASINAN (1324)
- the St. James the Great Parish
Church, located in Bolinao,
Pangasinan.
- Father Odorico- celebrated a
Thanksgiving Mass.
 HOMONHON, EASTERN
SAMAR
- Tomas “Buddy” Gomez III stated
that before Limasawa, there was
Homonhon
- including March 24 which was
Palm Sunday
- Pigafetta never said that the
Easter Mass in Limasawa was
the ‘first’ mass’
 MASAO, BUTUAN
- In 1872, a monument to
commemorate the first mass was
erected in Butuan.
- In 1953, the citizens of Butuan
ask the Philippine Historical
Committee or place a marker on
the site.
- Gregorio Zalde from the town of
Pagsanjan in Laguna, claims that
the first mass was held in Butuan
based on Pigafetta’s account.
 LIMASAWA, SOUTHERN
LEYTE
- Jaime C. de Veyra stated that the
first mass was celebrated in
Limasawa not in Butuan.
- Historian Pablo Pastells stating
by the footnote to Francisco
Collin’s Labor Evangelica that
Magellan did not go to Butuan
but from Limasawa to Cebu.
- historian James Alexander
Robertson agreed with
Pastells in a footnote that
“Mazaua” was actually Limasawa
- the port was not in Butuan but
an island named Mazua.
 NATIONAL HISTORICAL
COMMISSION OF THE
PHILIPPINES
- REPUBLIC ACT No. 2733 An Act
to Declare the Site in Magallanes,
Limasawa Island in the Province
of Leyte, where the First Mass in
 the Philippines was held as a
National Shrine.
- June 19, 1960, Republic Act No.
2733, known as the LIMASAWA
LAW was enacted without
executive approval.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 2733,
June 19, 1960
- an act to declare the site in
magallanes, limasawa island in
the province of leyte, where the
first mass in the philippines was
held as a national shrine.
 MARIANO GOMEZ DE LOS
ANGELES
- Eldest
- Arrested at his home with hidden
ammunition and guns
 JOSE APOLONIO BURGOS y
GARCIA
- Executed using a garotte
- Law professor at UST
- Found at the house of Father
Zamora which results to being
both of them arrested by Spanish
soldiers.
 JACINTO ZAMORA y ROSARIO
- Addict in gambling
- Isn’t part of any advocacies
- The letter he wrote to his gambler
friend will eventually be the root
of the false accusations against
him.
 PEDRO PELAEZ y SEBASTIAN
- Leader of the filipino clergy, the
one that father Burgos looked up
to
- Mentored FB
- Believes that Spanish and filipino
priest should have equal rights
- Died because of an earthquake.
 CARLOS MARIA DE LA TORRE
y NAVA CERRADA
- One of the fave gov. gen. of the
PH. , arrested the members of
liberal youth even though he
supports liberalism
- Liberalist gov gen of the PH
- Replaced by gov. gen. Izquierdo.
 RAFAEL GERONIMO
CAYETANO IZQUIERDO y ALONZO REALONDA
GUTIERREZ
- Gov. gen of the PH during the
execution of GomBurZa.
- He executed everyone that he
believes involved in Cavite
Mutiny.
- He’s against in giving the priests
their cassocks—confronted by
Archbishop Martinez.
 FERNANDO LA MADRID
- Lead the mutineers in the 1872
- Very strong opposition to the new
policy of Gov. Gen Izquierdo
(revival of Polo y Servicio) that
forces filipino to work over time.
- Died at the battle of 1872 Cavite
Mutiny.
 FRANCISCO JAVIER ZALDUA
- Falsely accused FB as the leader
of Cavite Mutiny
- He was executed alongside with
gomburza using a garotte
- Bribed by the Spaniards to give a
false testament.
- Part of CM
 GREGORIO MELITON
MARTINEZ
- Give cassocks before execution
- Believes that the 3 are all
innocent
- Archbushop Martinez
 FELIPE BUENCAMINO y SIOJO
- Leader of liberal youth
- Student of Fb in UST
- Member of pres. Emilio
Aguinaldo’s cabinet
- Constructed the malolos
constitution alongside with Felipe
Calderon.
 PACIANO RIZAL MERCADO y
- Older brother of Jose Rizal
- Co-founder of the Liberal Youth
- Student of FB in UST
- Brought pepe with him during the
execution of gomburza
Father Pedro Palaez has
belief that filipino born
secular priests should
have the same rights as
the Spanish friars. He
passed away during the
1865 earthquake in
Manila.
Father Jose Burgos was
devastated after the death
of his beloved mentor.
Supported by Father
Mariano Gomez. Became
a law prof in UST.
Felipe Buencamino and
Paciano Rizal, as FB’s
students, were motivated
by the teachings of their
prof and decided to form a
party called “the liberal
youth”—talented young
people and provide them a
liberal perspective.
January 20, 1872, 200
filipino military personnel
of Fort San Felipe Arsenal
in Cavite, Philippines,
staged a mutiny wchich in
a way led to PH revolution
in 1896.
The mutineers were led by
Sgt. Fernando La Madrid;
seized the Fort and killed
the Spanish officers.
Spanish givt. In Manila
sent a regiment under
General Felipe Ginoves to
recover the Fort.
Gov. Gnen. Izquierdo used
the mutiny to implicate
GomBurZa known for their
liberal learnings.
Joaquin Pardo de Tavera,
Jose Basa, Antonio M.
Regidor include in the
filipino that were arrested.
Heard a fireworks across
Manila Bay that cause
them to attack but it was
just a celebration of the
feast of the Lady of Loreto
in Sampaloc.
FG arrested at home with
hidden ammunition and
guns. FB is vising FZ to
meet an elderly priest
when the soldiers arrive.
The 3 are subject to a
court-martial with an unfair
trial.
Fz received an inv that
said “bullets and
gunpowder” means a lot of
money for gambling.
Francisco Zaldua,
claimed that FB was the
mastermind behind the
mutiny with the intention to
rule the country.
FG was accused of being
the supplier of ammunition
and guns.
GomBurZa and Francisco
Zaldua are given the
punishment of death by
garotte. Archbishop
Martinez does not allow
the gov to execute without
their cassocks because he
believes they are innocent.
GomBurZa and Francisco
Zaldua were killed in
Bagumbayan by garotte on
February 17, 1872 and
buried in Paco Park. The
ilustrado class was furious
and demanded an
explanation and reforms.
20 years later, during the
1890s, a new crop of
ilustrados would take
instpiration from the death
of the three—Jose Rizal.
He wrote the Noli Me
Tangere and El
Filibusterismo and
dedicate it to them.
Andres Bonifacio was also
inspired. Used GomBurZa
as a password. Used a
black cloth to be used as
an anting-anting by the
Katipunan members.
SPANISH POV
- CM is an attempt to overthrow the
Spanish govt.
- Gov. Gen. Izquierdo used the
‘revolution’ to acuse the native
clergy (fil priests) and the
ilustrados (educated fils)
- Jose Montero y Vidal and Gov.
Gen. Izquierdo didn’t emphasize
that’s the cause of mutiny is all
about the removal of work
privileges abd increased work
labor. Instead they made an alibi.
FILIPINO POV
- CM is an act of rebellion against
Gov. Gen. Izquierdo’s rules and
policies
 Gov. Gen. Izquierdo introduced - Trial of GomBurZa
strict and rigid policies that made
the filipinos turn away from the
Spanish govt.
 The execution of GomBurZa
sparked the nationalism and
patriotism of Filipinos. Without it,
there will be no independence
that happened in June 12, 1898.
 The 1872 cavite mutiny
was not just simple
rebellion against spain. It
is one of the root cause
of Ph revolution that
happened betweed 1896-
1898. Due to the unfair
trial that the GomBurZa
faced, many filipinos
who are part of the
ilustrados, sa=tarted to
think critically about the
status of our nation, and
decides to implement
different kinds of
propaganda movements
and rebel groups.
 1840-1863
- Start of Father Pedro Pelaez fight
for equal rights between Spanish
and filipino priests.
 1863-1869
- Death of father Pedro that drives
FB into continuing his mentor’s
advocacy
 1869
- Liberal youth led by Felipe
Buencamino and Paciano Rizal RETRACTION OF RIZAL
 JANUARY 20, 1872  JOSE PROTACIO RIZAL
- Cavite mutiny MERCADO Y ALONSO
 FEBRUARY 6, 1872 REALONDA
-imprisonment of - a Filipino nationalist, writer and
GomBurZa polymath active at the end of the
 FEBRUARY 10-15, 1872 Spanish colonial period of the
 Philippines. He is considered
as a national hero of the
Philippines.
 RICARDO PENICHE
GARCIA
- is the son of Anita Maria Garcia
and Aristeo Garcia.
- November 11, 1958-July 11, 2020
- was the one who claimed that two
eyewitnesses are related to the
execution of Rizal.
 RETRACTIO
N on December 29, 1896,
- A public statement made about
an earlier statement that
withdraws, cancels, refutes, or
reverses the original statement or
ceases and desists from
publishing the original statement.
 DECLARACION JURADA
- Date of Declaration: July 29,
1952.
- Mariano Martinez Gallegos y
Lasala
 Witnessed Events:
- 1. Document of Retraction:
Written and signed by Dr. Jose
Rizal.
- 2. Public Abjuration: Rizal
professed Catholic faith on his
knees.
- 3. Confessions and
Communions: Multiple
confessions, attended two
Masses, and received Holy
Communion.
- 4. Marriage: Canonical marriage
with Josefina Bracken.
- 5. Religious Acts: Received the
scapular, prayed the Rosary, and
performed other devotions.
- • Accompaniment: Gallegos and
Lt. Martin guarded Rizal till his
burial at Paco Cemetery.
 Key Witnesses:
- Artillery chaplain
- Commanders Fresno and Moure
- Lieutenant Martin
- Lieutenant Gallegos (Declarant)
The retraction allegedly
took the form of a
document signed by Rizal
disavowing his Masonic
affiliation and expressing
regret for any offense he
may have caused to the
Catholic Church.
TWO ALLEGED
WITNESSES OF RIZAL’S
RETRACTION
- Father Vicente Balaguer- a
Spanish Jesuit missionary
- is a Jesuit priest who claimed that
he conveyed to convince Rizal to
denounce Masonry and return to
Catholic
- Father Manuel Piernavieja-
Jesuit priest who was also
present during Rizal's
incarceration. He was reported to
have assisted in the process of
Rizal's retraction.
 Pio of Pietrelcina ”Padre Pio”
- was an Italian Capuchin friar,
priest, stigmatist, and mystic. He
is venerated as a saint in the
Catholic Church.
 Father Francisco De Paula
Sanchez
- Spanish Jesuit, held a special
place in Rizal's heart as his
 favorite teacher at Ateneo, where - EVIDENCES OF ANTI-
the priest taught Literature. RETRACTIONISTS

 TEXT OF RIZAL’S - 1. The retraction document is

RETRACTION
- I declare myself a catholic and in
this Religion in which I was born
and educated I wish to live and
die. I retract with all my heart
whatever in my words, writings,
publications and conduct has
been contrary to my character as
son of the Catholic Church. I
believe and I confess whatever
she teaches and I submit to
whatever she demands. I
abominate Masonry, as the
enemy which is of the Church,
and as a Society prohibited by
the Church. The Diocesan
Prelate may, as the Superior
Ecclesiastical Authority, make
public this spontaneous
manifestation of mine in order to
repair the scandal which my acts
may have caused and so that
God and people may pardon me.
- Manila 29 of December of 1896
forgery.
- 2. The other acts and facts do not
fit well with the story of retraction
and some of the following are: the
retraction document wasn’t made
in public until 1935.
- 3. No effort was made to save
resolve from that penalty after
saying his execution right.
- 4. Rizal’s death was kept in
secret.
- 5. There is no marriage certificate
or public record of results
marriage
with Josephine Bracken.
- 6. The retraction itself is out of
character.

EVIDENCES OF PRO-
RETRACTIONISTS
- the chief eyewitness on the
retraction itself.
- Rizal recited and signed a prayer
book entitled " ACTS OF FAITH,
HOPE AND CHARITY“
- Rizal performs acts of piety in his
last 24 hours before his execution
( December 30, 1896)
- Rizal's marriage with Josephine
Bracken