INFECTIOUS DISEASES

General Pathology (2nD Shifting) | Dr. Torres

GENERAL CELL INJURY, DEATH AND ADAPTATION 1 of 5

PATHOLOGY
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ROUTES OF ENTRY OF MICROBES
 Breaching epithelial surfaces, inhalation,
ingestion, or sexual transmission.

Mechanism Of Bacterial Injury

 Bacterial Virulence
o Depends on the ability of the bacteria
to adhere to host cells
HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS
o Virulence gene
 Determine by virulence of the microbe and the  Bacterial Adherence To Host Cells
nature of immune response. o Surface structures – adhesins, pili
 Different strategies:
 Intracellular Bacterial
o Antigenic variation
 Bacterial Toxins
o Inactivating antibodies or complement
o Resisting phagocytosis
o Suppressing the host adaptive immune
response
o Establishing latency – silent state
o Infecting and disabling or killing the
immune cells

HOST DAMAGE BY MICROBES

 Enter host cells and cause cell death directly.

 Cause changes in the cellular metabolism and
proliferate.
 Release toxins or enzymes.
 Induce host immune responses that cause
additional tissue damage.
VIRUSES
 20 TO 300 nm
 RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein shell
 Viruses do not metabolize or reproduce
independently
 Obligate intracellular parasites and require
living cells in order to replicate

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PATHOLOGY
  Marked follicular hyperplasia
 Presence of Warthin-Finkeldey cells
 Pathognomonic of measles

MUMPS

 Associated with pain and swelling of the salivary

glands
 Paramyxoviridae family
MEASLES
 Mumps parotitis
o Bilateral 70% of the cases
 Acute viral infection that affects multiple organs
 Mumps orchitis
 Single-stranded RNA virus of the
o Testicular swelling
Paramyxoviridae family
 Mumps encephalitis
 Airborne route via aerosolized respiratory
secretions
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
 Blotchy, reddish brown rash on face, trunk and
proximal extremities
 Cause lesions ranging from self-limited cold sores
 Due to dilated skin vessels, edema and and Gingivostomatitis to disseminated visceral
mononuclear perivascular infiltrate infections and encephalitis.
 Koplik spots  Gingivostomatitis – HSV-1
o Ulcerated mucosal lesion in the oral  Genital herpes – HSV-2
cavity  Herpes simplex encephalitis

Varicella-Zoster Infection

 Causes chicken pox and shingles

 Rash appears 2 weeks after respiratory
infections
GENERAL CELL INJURY, DEATH AND ADAPTATION 3 of 5
PATHOLOGY
  Lesions progresses from macule to vesicle
 Shingles
o VZV latent in the dorsal root ganglia;
causes Ramsey Hunt Syndrome

REFERENCES:
 Dr. Torres PPT
 Robbins and Cotran Basic Pathology
 Med Old Trans

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PATHOLOGY
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