PH101

Introduction to Quantum Mechanics

Lecture 5
 Recap
Schroedinger’s equation and Wavefunction
 Normalization condition on the solution of Schrodinger’s equation
What happens to the normalization condition at later time t

Rate of change of probability density = -Divergence of Probability current density.

Probability
Current Density
is given by

Taking
integration
both sides
we get
 Dynamics of particle in Quantum mechanics

Finally gives

The other
equation on the
momentum is

Exercise
 Dynamics
Solution
of particle
of Schrodinger
in Quantum
equation
mechanics

Potential V is independent of time

The solution can be written as

Time Independent
Schrodinger Equation
Stationary
State
 Solutions of Time independent Schrodinger Equation: Stationary states

Stationary states:
Properties of Schrodinger’s Equation
Solution of the Schrodinger’s equation
Representation of arbitrary state in terms of stationary state
Application of Schrodinger Equation
Time Independent Schrodinger Equation
Time Independent Schrodinger Equation
 Particle in one-dimension box
Time Dependent Schrödinger Equation
−ℏ𝟐 𝒅𝟐 𝜳
Region I Region II Region III + 𝑽(𝒙)𝜳 = 𝑬𝜳
𝟐𝒎 𝑑𝑥 𝟐
TE
KE
V(x)=∞ V(x)=0 V(x)=∞ Wave function is dependent on time and position function:

PE
0 a x Time Independent Schrödinger Equation

−ℏ2 𝑑 2 𝜓(𝑥 ൯
V(x)=0 for a>x>0 + 𝑉(𝑥)𝜓 = 𝐸𝜓
2𝑚 𝑑𝑥 2
V(x)=∞ for x≥a, x≤0
Applying boundary conditions:
Region I and III:
Classical Physics: The particle can exist anywhere
in the box and follow a path in accordance to 𝜓2
Newton’s Laws. =0
Region II:
Quantum Physics: The particle is expressed by a
wave function and there are certain areas more −ℏ2 𝑑 2 𝜓(𝑥 ൯
= 𝐸𝜓
likely to contain the particle within the box. 2𝑚 𝑑𝑥 2
 Particle in one-dimension box

Region II:
Region I Region II Region III

V(x)=∞ V(x)=0 V(x)=∞

0 a x
 Particle in one-dimension box

Energy:

Wavefunction: