‫مشروع إنشاء وإجناز وصيانة مقر مجعية الرعاية اإلسالمية مبنطقة العديلية‬

SECTION 16280

POWER FACTOR CORRECTION CAPACITORS

PART – 1 GENERAL

‫أن تكون مطابقة لمواصفات وزارة الكهرباء والماء ومن المصادر المعتمدة بها ومكفولة لمدة ثالث سنوات على األقل من تاريخ‬ .1
.‫الفحص‬
Third harmonic )150 HZ) ‫ بتردد أقل من‬TUNING REACTOR FILTER ‫يجب أن تكون المكثفات مزودة‬ .2
.frequency
‫ للتحكم‬controller ‫يجب أن تكون المكثفات تعمل بمراحل ال تقل عن ثالثة مراحل تعمل أوتوماتيكية عن طريق جهاز تحكم‬ .3
.‫ المضبوطة‬0.95 pf- setting ‫في دخول وخروج المراحل طبقا للقيمة‬
(PF ,KVAR, No. of steps ,Voltage , etc.) ‫ مزود بشاشة لعرض‬controller ‫يجب أن يكون جهاز تحكم‬ .4
‫ فولت‬415‫ فولت أو‬230 ‫ وجهد التشغيل‬1A,5A ‫ يعمل على تيار‬controller ‫ويكون جهاز تحكم‬ .5
Thermal over current ‫ مضافا ً إليها‬HRC ‫ لحماية المكثف أو فيوزات‬MCCB ‫يجب أن تكون كل مرحلة مزودة بقاطع‬ .6
.relay
discharged ‫ مزودة‬،‫ مناسبة لتوصيل وفصل المكثفات‬Electromagnetic contactor ‫يجب أن تكون كل مرحلة مزودة‬ .7
inrush current. ‫ للحماية من‬resistor
‫) أوروبية الصنع داخل لوحة‬capacitors, contactors, MCCBs, reactors controller( ‫يجب ان تكون جميع المكونات‬ .8
.‫محكمة الغلق توضع في غرفة مكيفة طبقا لمواصفات وزارة الكهرباء‬
.‫ سنوات طبقا المواصفات وزارة الكهرباء والماء‬3 ‫يجب ان يتم إجراءات الفحص واالختبار والصيانة والضمان لمدة‬ .9

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawing and general provisions of the contract, including General and Supplementary
Conditions and Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this section
1.1.1 Scope
This Specification covers the Design, manufacture, assembly, testing at the
manufacturer’s before dispatch, installation details, Site Testing, warranty etc., of
the Automatically switched Low Voltage Capacitor Banks to be installed and
connected at the LV Distribution Board buses and / or at the Sub-Main Distribution
Board buses of the Electrical distribution systems or at the Service intake of the
consumers, in order that the power factor can be maintained within 0.95 lagging
and unity, as to the regulations of the Ministry of Electricity and Water Kuwait.
1.1.2 Electrical Distribution System in Kuwait:
The Equipment required shall be suitable for the Electrical distribution systems, the
characteristics of which are
System Voltage 415 Volts
System Highest
457 Volts
Voltage
Frequency 50 Hz
Neutral Point Solidly Earthed
Maximum Fault Level 50 kA
Maximum Fault
Duration 0.5 seconds

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1.1.3 Standard Specifications:

i. All Materials and equipment shall comply as a minimum:
a. With the latest relevant recommendations of the International Electro-
Technical Commission (I.E.C), if available.
b. If (a) above is not available, with the latest relevant British Standard
Specification (B.S.S.). This applies to quality of material, testing etc... If
standards as mentioned above contradict with this specification, then the
requirements of this Specification shall apply.
c. With the latest relevant recommendation of MEW
ii. Manufacturers who manufacture materials and equipment based on standards
other than those mentioned under (i) above can do so provided they confirm that
such standards meet the requirements under (i) as a minimum and shall prove
this if needed by the Purchaser.
iii. What is mentioned under (i) and (ii) above applies to wherever BSS is
mentioned in the different clauses of this specification.
1.1.4 Climatic Conditions:
Climatic Conditions in Kuwait are rigorous and the summer season during which
the equipment will function under continuous maximum load conditions is long and
shall be considered to fall during the period starting from 15th April till 15th
November. The remainder of the year shall be considered as winter season since
autumn as spring seasons are very short in Kuwait.
The following are prevailing atmospheric conditions:
Ambient Temperature in shade : Maximum 52 Degrees C (Summer Day)
Ambient Temperature in shade : Minimum – 6 Degree (Winter Night)
Maximum Sun Radiation temperature as measured
with a black bulb thermometer : 85 Degrees C
Average maximum ambient temperature : 45 Degrees C.
The capacitors banks, series reactors, power factor controllers, power quality meters, switch
gear and other equipment called for in this specification must give continuous and trouble-
free service under the arduous conditions mentioned above.
1.1.5 GUARANTEES.
The Contractor of the capacitor banks shall submit the following guarantees:
i) Guarantees that all the capacitor banks and all parts and components thereof like,
capacitor units, series reactors, thyristor switched contractors, electromagnetic
contractors, power factor controller, power quality meters, current transformers,
MCCBs, MCBs, Fuses, etc. whether installed indoor or outdoor, will give continuous
trouble free service at Kuwait's extreme ambient temperature (52°C) and weather
conditions (100% RH), any capacitor bank and/or any parts/components thereof that
will fail. malfunction or burn out within a period of three (3) years will be replaced and
reinstalled free of charge.
The supplier/manufacturer/installer shall further guarantee fully satisfactory operation
and running of the entire equipment, whether installed indoor or outdoor, for a period
of three (3) years from the date of commissioning.
ii) Guarantee that the various fixing screws for different components will be from high
quality stainless steel, which will not corrode during the life time of the capacitor banks
and if corrosion occurs, the same will be replaced and fixed free of charge.
iii) Guarantee that if the painting of the capacitor bank enclosures is damaged or
deteriorated within a period of 5 (five) years, the same will be repainted free of charge.

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 ‫مشروع إنشاء وإجناز وصيانة مقر مجعية الرعاية اإلسالمية مبنطقة العديلية‬

PART 2 PRODUCT

2.1 DETAILS OF RESPONSIBILITIES AND REQUIREMENTS

The Contractor before supplying and installing any capacitor banks in any part of
the electrical distribution systems, shall carry out a comprehensive facility survey,
study and cost analysis in order to ensure that maximum benefit is derived from
installing such capacitor banks with respect to the KVAR saving and power quality
improvement and there will be no undue problems of any kind when the capacitor
bank is installed into a distribution system, in particular, problems arising from
harmonic currents due to the presence of non-linear loads in the system and/or from
harmonic resonance and capacitor switching transients.
The Contractor shall be fully responsible for his equipment and installation of
capacitor banks into electrical distribution systems and in case of any damage to any
distribution systems equipment like transformer, switchgears, cables etc. Due to the
negligence of his work, improper study of the distribution system and / or unsuitable
equipment selection and installation, at any time starting from the initiation from the
installation works up to a period of three (3) years from the date of commissioning.
The Contractor has to replace all the damaged distribution system equipment with
new ones as approved by the Purchaser’s Engineers at no extra cost whatsoever. In
addition, for any power failure due to such incidents, a penalty of KD 100/- per hour
will be charges from the Contractor till the power supply is satisfactorily reinstated
after all repair and replacement works.

2.2 DETAILS OF EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

A. POWER FACTOR CORRECTION CAPACITOR BANKS:

a. Type:
The power factor correction capacitor banks shall be three phases, of modular
design, shall be switched ON/OFF automatically in steps through the use of
Electromagnetic Contactors designed for capacitor switching or shall be
Thyristor controlled depending on the type of electrical loads and shall
incorporate series reactors for harmonic current suppression and to prevent
resonance.
b. Normal Rating:
The normal rating of the capacitor banks shall be the maximum continuous
rating under the worst temperature conditions encountered in Kuwait (i.e., at
52°C, see climatic Conditions)
c. Applicable Standards:
Unless specified otherwise the capacitor banks shall conform in design,
material, construction and performance to the latest editions of the IEC
standards, their corresponding British / European (BS / EN) standards and in
particular to the following publications:
IEC 60831 – 1 & 2 : Shunt Power capacitors of the self-healing type for A.C.
systems having a rated voltage up to and including 1000 V
IEC 61921 : Power Capacitors – Low Voltage Power Factor correction
banks.
IEC 60076 – 6 : Power Transformers – Part 6: Reactors

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IEC 60747 – 6 : Semiconductor devices. Discrete devices. Part 6:

Thyristors.
IEC 60085 – 1 : Electrical Insulation – Thermal evaluation and designation.
IEC 60664 : Insulation coordination for equipment within Low Voltage
Systems.
IEC 60439 – 1 : Low Voltage Switchgear and control gear Assemblies –
Part 1: Type-Tested and Partially –Type Tested
Assemblies.
IEC 60947 – 1 : Low-Voltage Switchgear and Control Gear – Part 1:
General Rules
IEC 60947 – 2 : Low-Voltage Switchgear and Control Gear – Part 2:
Circuit Breakers
IEC 60947 – 4 – 1 : Low-Voltage Switchgear and Control Gear – Part 4-1:
Contactors and Motor Starters
IEC 60529 : Degree of Protection provided enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 519 – 1992 : IEEE Recommended Practices and requirements for
Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems
In addition to the above listed Standards, the regulations for electrical
Installations issued by the Ministry of Electricity & Water, Kuwait shall also be
adhered to.

2.3 CAPACITOR UNITS

The Capacitors units shall be dry, self-healing type with individual discharge
resistors
a. The capacitor units will be installed in an electrical distribution system having
system voltage of 415 Volts (System Highest Voltage 457 Volts) as stipulated
under Clause No. 2 of this Tender Specification and shall be rated at 525 volts
due to the voltage rise caused by connecting the detuned series reactors.
b. The ambient Temperature category of the Capacitor Units shall be -5/D as per
the IEC Publication No. 60831, Part-1, but as mentioned under Cl.2, the
normal rating of the Capacitor Banks shall be the maximum continuous rating
under the Worst Temperature Conditions encountered in Kuwait (i.e., at 52°C).
c. The Capacitors shall be completely leakage proof and of dry type construction
without any filling of jelly, wax, etc. they shall be of the self-healing type
utilizing low-loss metalized polypropylene film dielectrics.
d. The capacitor element casing shall be from aluminum or high temperature
withstanding material.
e. Each capacitor element shall have an internal HRC fuse combined with a
secondary solid foil electrode to ensure safe disconnection from the circuit at
the end of its normal working life.
f. A suitable device shall be provided to automatically disconnect the capacitor
unit from supply if excessive pressure is generated inside the unit.
g. The capacitors shall have permanently connected built-in discharge resistors to
ensure safe discharge of the capacitors to less than 50 volts in 1 minute after
switch off.
h. The total losses including discharge resistors to be less than 0.5 Watt/KVAR.

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i. The capacitors shall be rated for a minimum of 130% continuous current

overload and 110% continuous voltage overload based on the rated voltage of
the capacitors.
j. Suitable rating plates from non-corrosive material shall be provided on each
capacitor unit giving fully detailed information as follows:
Capacitor Unit Rating Plate:
i. Manufacturer.
ii. Serial number and manufacturing year.
iii. Rated total output in kilovars (KVAR).
iv. Rated voltage in volts (V).
v. Rated frequency in hertz (H).
vi. Temperature category and temperature range.
vii. Discharge device.
viii. Reference of self-healing design.
ix. Connection symbol.
x. Internal fuses.
xi. Indication for the overpressure.
xii. Insulation level in kilovolts (KV).

2.4 SERIES REACTORS TO PREVENT AMPLIFICATION OF SYSTEM

HARMONICS:

The Three phase series reactors to be connected in series with each capacitor unit for harmonic
current suppression and to prevent resonance shall be iron cored type with copper windings.
The reactor shall comply with the IEC Publication No. 60076-6.
a) The current ratings of the reactors shall be increased suitably to take into account the
effect of harmonics in the networks which could be generated by variable speed drives,
dimmers, elevators, UPS system, fax machines, computers, fluorescent and other
discharge lamps, etc. The offered reactors shall be tested by harmonic current generating
test equipment with magnitudes corresponding to the maximum harmonic current
magnitudes measured in any distribution system. All necessary test reports for such tests
and measurements shall be submitted to the Engineer for scrutiny and record purposes.
b) The reactor insulation shall be Class “H” rated at 180 °C to IEC 60085-1. The maximum
temperature of the reactor at maximum continuous RMS amperage shall be higher than
145 °C with a 45 °C ambient. The maximum continuous RMS amperage of the reactor
shall be sized to match the maximum continuous RMS amperage of the capacitors. The
minimum reactor Q factor shall be 25.
c) The reactors shall be equipped with snap action thermostats to trip at 145°C and shall be
wired to the associated step switching module which will switch off and lock out the
associated step for the overheated reactor. The automatic power factor controller shall
indicate which step has the overheated reactor.
d) The capacitors and the reactors combination shall be turned below the lowest harmonic
present in a particular distribution system.
e) With the capacitors and suitable series reactors connected it must be proved through
submission of relevant calculations that the total harmonic voltage distortion is within the
limits as specified in IEEE Std 519-1992, standards on IEEE recommended practices and
requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power System.

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f) If the total harmonic distortion limits are exceeded even with the use of the detuned
harmonic suppression capacitor banks, then suitably rated active harmonic filters shall be
proposed in conjunction with the detuned capacitor banks to limit the total harmonic
distortion below the specified limits in IEEE 519.

2.5 CIRCUIT BREAKERS

The capacitor bank shall have a suitably rated circuit breaker at the incomer. The circuit
breaker shall be a three pole 'MCCB' and shall fully comply with the requirements of the IEC
60947-1 & 2. They shall be rated for a minimum insulation voltage of 660 V and designed for
52 degrees C ambient temperature. The current rating shall be at least 1.5 times the full load
current of the capacitor bank and have a mechanical endurance of a minimum 1000
operations. It shall have a rotary front operating door mounted handle and should be
interlocked with the door to ensure that the capacitor bank is de-energized when door is open.
Each stage of the capacitor bank shall also have a suitably rated circuit breaker or a high
rupturing capacity (HRC) fuse for protection purposes. The circuit breaker shall be adjusted
to trip if the RMS current of the stage exceeds 130%.

2.6 THYRISTOR SWITCHED CONTACTOR

The thyristor switched contactor shall fully comply with and tested to the requirements of the
relevant IEC and/or BS specifications and shall be rated for 2200 PIV. They shall be fully
suitable for the extreme temperature and weather conditions prevailing in Kuwait and
guaranteed for fully satisfactory operation and running under such temperature and weather
conditions.
a) The thyristor switched contactor shall be capable of handling the continuous current of
130% of the rated capacitor current at rate voltage 415V. The blocking voltage of the
thyristor switch during off condition should be minimum 2200 Volt peak. Every
thyristor switch should be capable of handling the dv/dt of 200 Volts/µS. This is to
avoid spurious turn off while powering up as well as due to supply transients.
b) The thyristor switched contactor used shall turn on at zero differential voltage across it.
These zero differential voltage tolerances shall not exceed 6Volts peak value around
zero.
c) The time delay between turn off and subsequent turn on should be as minimum as
possible and in the range of milliseconds. There should not be any discharge devices
across capacitor that can exceed the watt loss of more than 30 watt. The capacitor should
not be discharged to zero level before they are put back in the circuit. The differential
zero voltage sensing should even be able to capture the zero-voltage instance even when
voltage across the capacitors is equal to the peak of the mains voltage waveform. (This
is to avoid wastage of energy stored in capacitor while fast switching conditions).
d) The thyristor switched contactor should be provided with adequate protections against
any external transients that creates current and/or voltage spikes. Adequate arrangement
like forced commutation and/or tuning reactors shall be provided with every thyristor
switched unit block to prevent the thyristors from exceeding its it rating.
e) Thyristor Damage Monitoring:
Every thyristor switching block shall be monitored for thyristor status. MCB/MCCB
with shunt trip shall be used so as in case of thyristor short circuit or damage, the
particular block will be tripped off. Thyristor failure shall be detected by automatic

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power factor controller and necessary indication with identification of location of

thyristor shall be displayed.
f) Over-Temperature of Heat-Sink:
The heat sink on which the thyristors are mounted shall be monitored continuously for
over temperature. The over temperature fault shall switch off the thyristor switches put
on the heat sink. The recommended trip level is at 80°C. This fault shall have an auto-
restart function.

2.7 ELECTROMAGNETIC CONTACTOR

The electromagnetic contactors shall be 660Volts rated, of 3-pole type suitable for switching
'on' and switching 'off' operations of capacitor banks and shall comply with the requirements
of the IEC 60947-1 & 4-1. The supplier shall choose a contactor of a suitable operational
current rating taking into consideration the inrush current and the special considerations of
capacitor switching duty. Incidence of higher inrush current in the case of successive
switching of capacitor banks shall also be taken into account. The supplier shall furnish data
sheet of contactor in support of proper selection of the contactor rating including the making
and breaking current ratings. The contactors shall isolate all three supply phases to the
capacitor on switch off.
The rated voltage of control coil shall be 415V (phase-to-phase). This voltage is subject to a
variation of (+) 20% and (-) 40%. The contactors shall work satisfactorily within this voltage
range. The pickup voltage of coil shall be 60% and drop out voltage shall not be more than
50% of rated voltage.
The mechanical endurance of the contactors shall not be less than 3 million operating cycles
at no load. The electrical endurance at normal utilization duty for capacitor shall not be less
than 200,000 operations.
The contactors shall be subjected to routine and type tests a described in IEC 60947.

2.8 ACTIVE HARMONIC FILTERS FOR HARMONIC CURRENT FILTRATION

The active harmonic filters shall work on the principle of measurement of harmonic currents
and generate actively a harmonic spectrum in opposite phrase to the measured distorting
harmonic current thereby canceling the original harmonics.
a. The rating of the active harmonic filters shall be so selected that the total harmonic
voltage distortion at the point of common coupling is brought down to below the total
harmonic voltage distortion limits specified in IEEE 519, as extracted below.
Table 10.3- Current Distortion Limits for General Distribution Systems (120V through 69000 V)
Maximum Harmonic Current Distortion in Percent of IL
Individual Harmonic Order (Odd Harmonics)
I SC/IL <11 11h<17 17h<23 23h<35 35h TDD
<20* 4.0 2.0 1.5 0.6 0.5 5.0
20<50 7.0 3.5 2.5 1.0 0.5 8.0
50<100 10.0 4.5 4.0 1.5 0.7 12.0
100<1000 12.0 5.5 5.0 2.0 1.0 15.0
>1000 15.0 7.0 6.0 2.5 1.4 20.0

Even harmonics are limited are limited to 25% of the odd harmonic limits above

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Current distortions that result in a dc offset, e.g., half-wave converters are not allowed.
* All power generation equipment is limited to these values of current distortion, regardless of
actual I SC/IL.
were
I SC = maximum short-circuit at PCC
IL = maximum demand load current (fundamental frequency component) at PCCK
b. Should there be a large component of single-phase nonlinear loads present in a distribution
system (offices, shopping malls, etc.) then measurements/calculations must be carried out
to ascertain the magnitude of the third harmonic current and provisions shall be made for a
suitably rated 3 Phase, 4 wire active harmonic filters.
c. Should there be a large component of three phase nonlinear loads present in a distribution
system (Industrial loads with VFD's etc.) then measurements/calculations must be carried
out to ascertain the magnitude of the third harmonic current and provisions shall be made
for a suitably rated 3 Phase, 3 wire active harmonic filters.
d. The active harmonic filters shall be of parallel configuration.
e. The active harmonic filters shall monitor all three phases of the low voltage line current in
real time by means of a Digital Signal Processor (DSP).
f. The output of the DSP unit in combination with a micro-controller-based system shall
generate a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal to control power modules based on IGBT
(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) technology which act as a current source.
g. The PWM signal shall be of fixed switching frequency.
h. The system shall be operated under closed loop control and shall have a maximum
response time of not more than 40 milliseconds. The control system shall be such that the
Active Filter cannot be overloaded.
i. Simultaneous filtering shall be provided for all harmonics up to the 50th one.
j. The filtering efficiency shall be typically of better than 97%.
K. The operating power factor of the active harmonic filters shall be programmable over the
range 0.7 capacitive. Both fixed and dynamic reactive power compensation shall be
available for selection by the programmer.
L. The active harmonic filters shall be protected against over current, short-circuit; thermal
overload and IGBT bridge abnormal operation.
M. The design of the active harmonic filters shall be such that the current rating of the filter
system can be increased by the addition of extra power modules.
N. Optional graphic monitoring of the wave shape shall be provided.
O. Optional on-line harmonic analysis shall be provided.
After the installation of the active harmonic filters, harmonic measurements shall be
carried out to prove that the total harmonic distortion is within IEEE 519 limits.

2.9 AUTOMATIC POWER FACTOR CONTROLLER:

The automatic power factor controller shall be microprocessor baser VAR Sensing type and
shall comply with IEC 61326. The controller shall be able to sense the reactive current
requirement and switch on/off to the required stage of the capacitor bank.
a) The automatic power factor controller shall maintain a targeted power factor with 0.95
lagging and unity.
b) The controller shall be programmed to have different switching sequences. In general, for
500 KVAR Capacitor Banks the sequence shall be 1:1:2:2:2:2 (i.e,

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50/50/100/100/100/100 KVAR), for 350 KVAR Capacitor Banks, 1::2:2:2 (i.e,

50/100/100/100 KVAR), for 40 KVAR Banks, 1:1:2 (i.e, 10/10/20 KVAR) and similar.
c) The controller shall sense current from a single phase and voltage from two phases to
compute the average 3-phase power factor and accordingly compensate by switching in
necessary capacitor stages.
d) The controller shall be suitable for 1A or 5A current input.
e) The voltage on the capacitor terminals may be particularly high at times of light load
conditions. In such cases, some or all of the capacitors shall be switched out of circuit in
order to prevent overstressing of the capacitors and undue voltage increase in the
distribution system.
f) The controller shall be easily programmable from front panel itself.
g) The controller shall be able to recognize the connection of CT and Voltage and be able to
automatically adjust itself to the phase angle difference.
h) The voltage input to the controller should be through a VT and protected by a fuse.
i) There should be a time delay of 120 seconds for switching on a capacitor bank into
circuit, from its last disconnection from the circuit.
j) The controller shall have LED/LCD display. Parameter in display should be cyclic with
suitable time delay. Necessary membrane key pad for manual scrolling of display
parameter shall be provided. The display unit shall be easily visible without opening the
doors of the capacitor bank enclosure.
k) The automatic power factor controllers shall allow the following settings and readings.
i) Discharge time
ii) Disconnection pauses of relay stages
iii) Power station service
iv) Choke degree
v) Voltage transformer ratio
vi) Harmonic table
vii) Switching frequency of transistor stages
viii) Average time for reactive power
ix) Averaging time of the main value cos (phi),
x) Fan control
xi) Over temperature disconnection
xii) Indication in manual mode
xiii) Password
xiv) Contrast
xv) Reset of programming
xvi) Connection configuration
xvii) Software release
xviii) RS485 interface
l) The automatic power factor controllers shall initiate alarms and warnings in the following
events.
i) Insufficient capacitor output and/or low power factor
ii) Abnormal power factor
iii) Over compensation
iv) Over current
v) Under voltage
vi) Over voltage
vii) Over temperature

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viii) Total voltage harmonic distortion limits exceeded

m) The automatic power factor controllers shall instantaneously switch off the thyristor in the
following contingencies occurring in any of the Phases.
i) Voltage above 457V
ii) Voltage below 290V
iii) Load current imbalance +/- 50%
iv) Instances of spike current
Notes:
(a) In case of (i), (ii) and (iii) above, normal automatic functioning of the capacitor bank will
resume after the excessive voltage has dropped to below 457V in the case of (i), the low
voltage has risen above 290V in case of (ii) and the imbalance in load currents reached to
below 50% in the case of (iii) and the specified values in all these cases are maintained for two
minutes.
(b) In case of (iv) above, the Contractor/thyristor will not switch ON again till the fault
condition is attended to.

2.10 POWER QUALITY METERING AND REMOTE MONITORING:

The Power Quality (PQ) Meter shall be a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) based micro controller
operating as an intelligent unit to monitor and measure all the electrical parameters of the system
as well as that of the capacitor control panel. The controller shall sense and monitor 3 Phase
Currents, Neutral Current, 3 Phase Voltages, 3 Phase Power Factors, 3 Phase KW, KVA, KVAR,
KW-HR, KVA-HR, KVAR-HR. Capacitance of all 3 phases, Capacitance of each capacitor and
% THD, and shall switch in necessary rating of capacitors to maintain the minimum power
factors specified.
1) Compliance to Standards:
a) The power quality meters shall comply with one or more of the following
safety/construction standards:
i) IEC 61010-1 (EN 61010-1): Safety requirements for electrical equipment for
measurement, control and laboratory use.
ii) CSA C22.2 No 1010-1: Canadian Standards Association. Certified by Canadian
Standards Association (CSA).
iii) UL 61010B-1 Measuring, Testing and Signal Generation Equipment.
iv) IEC 62052-11: Electricity metering equipment (AC) - General requirements, tests
and tests conditions.
b) The power quality meters shall comply to the following electromagnetic immunity
standards:
i) IEEE C.37-90.1: IEEE Standard Surge Withstand Capability (SWC) Tests for
Protective Relays and Relay Systems (ANSI). All inputs tested, except for the
network communications port.
ii) IEC 1000-4-2 (EN61000-4-2/IEC801-2): Electrostatic Discharge (B).
iii) IEC 1000-4-3 (EN61000-4-3/IEC801-3): Radiated EM Field Immunity (A).
iv) IEC 1000-4-4 (EN61000-4-4/IEC801-4): Electric Fast Transient (B).
v) IEC 1000-4-5 (EN61000-4-5/IEC801-5): Surge Immunity (B).
vi) IEC 1000-4-6 (EN61000-4-6/IEC801-6): Conducted Immunity.
vii) IEC 1000-4-12 (EN61000-4-12/ IEC801-12): Immunity to damped oscillatory
waves.

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viii) IEC 1000-3-2 (EN61000-3-2): Limits for harmonic currents emissions (equipment
input current < 16amps per phase).
ix) IEC 1000-3-3 (EN61000-3-3): Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in
low voltage supply systems for equipment with rated current < 16amps.
c) The power quality meter shall have a 3rd party certification proving compliance to one or
more of the following electromagnetic emission standards:
i) FCC Part 15 Subpart B, Class A: Class A Digital Device, Radiated Emissions.
ii) ICES-003, Industry Canada, Interference Causing Equipment Standard (ICES)
Class A Digital Device, Radiated/Conducted Emissions.
iii) EN55011 (CISPR 11): Radiated/Conducted Emissions (Group 1, Class A).
iv) EN55022 (CISPR 22): Radiated/Conducted Emissions (Class A).
2) Current/Voltage Inputs:
a) The current input for power quality meter as well as APF controller shall be taken
from the same current transformer on the LV board.
b) The power quality meter shall have no less than 4 voltage inputs and 5 current
inputs.
c) In its standard configuration, the meter shall be able to accept 600VAC LL/347VAC
LN without using potential transformers.
d) It shall be able to withstand 1500 VAC RMS continuously without damaging the
device.
e) It shall have adequate nominal and overcorrect current ratings.
3) Measured Values:
a) The power quality meter shall provide at minimum the following voltage, current,
power and energy values:
Voltage:
i) Voltage L-L Per-Phase
ii) Voltage L-L 3-Phase Avg
iii) Voltage L-N Per-Phase
iv) Voltage 3-Phase Avg
v) Voltage % unbalanced
Current
i) Current Per-Phase
ii) Current, Neutral (measured)
iii) Current 3-Phase Avg
iv) Current % Unbalanced
Power
i) Real Power (Per-Phase, 3-Phase Total)
ii) Reactive Power (Per-Phase, 3-Phase Total)
iii) Apparent Power (Per-Phase, 3-Phase Total)
iv) Power Factor – True (Per-Phase, 3-Phase Total)
v) Power Factor – Displacement (Per-Phase, 3-Phase Total)
Energy
i) Accumulated Energy (Real kWh, Reactive kVARh, Apparent kVAh)
(Signed/Absolute)
ii) Incremental Energy (Real kWh, Reactive kVARh, Apparent kVAh)
(Signed/Absolute)
iii) Conditional Energy (Real kWh, Reactive kVARh, Apparent kVAh)
(Signed/Absolute)

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iv) Reactive Energy by Quadrant

b) The power quality meter shall provide a minimum/maximum value for any measured
parameter.
c) The power quality meter shall be capable of deriving values for any combination of
measured or calculated parameter, using the following arithmetic, trigonometric, and
logic functions (or equivalent PLC capabilities):
i) Arithmetic functions: division, multiplication, addition, subtraction, power,
absolute value, square root, average, max, min, RMS, sum, sum-of-squares,
unary minus, integer ceiling, integer floor, modulus, exponent, Pl.
ii) Trigonometric functions: COS, SIN, TAN, ARCCOS, ARCSIN, ARCTAN, LN,
LOG10
iii) Logic functions: =, =>, <=, <>, <, >, AND, OR, NOT, IF
iv) Thermocouple linearization functions: Type J, Type K, Type R, Type RTD,
Type T
v) Temperature conversion functions: C to F, F to C
4) Accuracy:
The power quality meters shall meet the following accuracy classes.
a. ANSI C12.20 accuracy class 0.2.
b. IEC62053-22: Electrical metering equipment (AC) – particular requirements –part 22:
static meters for active energy, accuracy class 0.2S
c. IEC62053-23: Electrical metering equipment (AC) – particular requirements –part 23
static meters for reactive energy, accuracy class 1.
5) Sampling:
a. The power quality meter shall sample at 256 samples/cycle.
b. The meter shall be able to perform high speed sag/swell detection of voltage
disturbances on a cycle-by-cycle basis, providing the duration of the disturbance, the
minimum, maximum, and average value of the voltage for each phase during the
disturbance. Disturbances less than one cycle in duration can be detected.
6) Display:
a. The power quality meter shall have an LCD display of reasonably high level pixel
value.
b. It shall support direct display of all parameters on the front panel.
c. It shall provide a trend display of any parameter internally recorded at regular intervals.
d. It shall have a user programmable custom display that is capable of displaying up to 20
quantities on a single screen.
e. It shall be able to display advanced graphical representations of metering information
including at minimum spectral components, phasor diagrams, and trending charts.
f. It shall be able to display measurements in either IEC or IEEE formats.
g. It shall be able to display the following front panel screens:
i) Numeric: Display 2, 3, 3 with timestamp, 4, 8, 10 or 20 parameters at a time.
ii) Event Log: Display recent events written to the power quality meter's event log,
including diagnostic events.
iii) Nameplate: Display information in tabular format (default nameplates show
owner, meter and power system details).
iv) Trend Bar: Display up to 4 real time numeric parameters along with their upper
and lower extremes.

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v) Histogram: Display harmonics content in histogram format, including 2nd to 63rd

harmonic, THD (total, event, odd); current harmonics histogram screens display
K factor and crest factor.
vi) Phasor: Display phase information in phasor diagram format, including phase,
voltage and current magnitudes; phasors that are too small in magnitude are
shown as table entries only.
7) Logging:
a. The power quality meter shall have at least 5MB of user programmable onboard data
logging. Field Expansion shall be possible.
b. The PMS will store all critical internal and revenue data upon sudden power loss.
i) The meter shall have non-volatile memory.
c. It shall have a time-stamped event log with the following features:
i) Supports at least 500 events.
ii) The number of records in the log is programmable.
iii) Each event is recorded with the date and time of the event, the cause and effect of
the event, and the priority of the event.
iv) All events relating to set-point activity, relay operation and self-diagnostics is
recorded in the event log.
v) Time stamps have resolution of 1 millisecond.
vi) Time stamps can be synchronized to within 100ms between devices on the same
serial communications medium.
vii) Minimum event recording response time is ½cycle (8.3ms 60Hz, 10ms 50Hz) for
high-speed events and 1 second for other events.
viii) The priority of set-point events is programmable.
d. The power quality meter shall be able to log any parameter in the meter including
min/max and waveforms.
8) Alarming:
a. The power quality meter shall have a set-point driven alarming Capability.
b. It shall be ale to generate an email on an alarm condition.
c. It shall have millisecond timestamp resolution on alarm entries.
d. It shall be able to readjust alarm set-points based on the alarm quantity (Alarm Set-
point Learning).
e. It shall support consecutive high-speed alarm conditions which trigger on a cycle-by-
cycle basis with no “dead” time between events (i.e., no need for a rearming delay time
between events).
f. It shall be able to operate relays on alarm conditions.
g. It shall be able to initiate data log captures on alarm conditions.
h. It shall be able to control digital output relays in an AND or an OR configuration, using
pulse mode or latch mode operation, for control and alarm purposes.
i. It shall be able to combine any logical combination of any number of available set-
point conditions to control any internal or external function or event.
9) Communication:
a. Suitable plug-in terminal conforming to RS 232C (Serial Output)/Optical port (IR port)
shall be provided in the panel to read out the following parameters at any point of time
by using a portable computer and to communicate through GSM modem for remote
acquisition of capacitor bank/ APF controller data. The PQ Meter shall have capability
to give output signal in critical conditions which enables GSM mode to send SMS to

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base computer or to any mobile numbers. The portable computer, software and
accessories required for data downloading shall be provided.
b. The PQ Meter shall have remote communication/data transfer facility using GSM
Modem with APFC through RS-232 port (serial part) or optical port. It shall be two-
way communication facilities.
c. A hardware i.e., GSM modem for each capacitor bank unit and the base computer shall
be provided along with all necessary high-capacity computer/server, software, etc. as
and when asked by the Purchaser.
d. The GSM remote communication scheme shall provide regular update of system
information at required intervals i.e., hourly/daily/weekly/monthly or on demand for
data related to transformer load, APFC unit and capacitor bank status as stated in
specification above and as detailed below.
Capacitor Bank Status
Number of banks ON/OFF
Number of banks declared faulty
Event Information
Power Interruption (System & phase wise)
Voltage & current unbalance
Capacitor Bank fault.
Critical Fault Information Like
Overloading of transformer
Failure of Capacitor Bank
Failure of APFC
Overall view of basis status information about all transformers and all APFC units shall
be available on one screen.
Mode of communication should be SMS mode in combination to data calls to have
lower operational costs.
Load profile, voltage profile, current profile reports shall be available as per
requirement.
Power supply availability, Interruption report shall be generated.
List of overloaded transformers, list of transformers with unbalanced load, list of
transformers with defective capacitor bank shall be generated on demand.
Time for collection of APFC controller data through GSM modem should be very less
i.e., @ 5 minutes.
NOTE: Separate power quality meter need not be provided when the automatic power
factor (APC) controller incorporates most of the above salient features of the power
quality meter. Also, provision of power quality meter and remote monitoring are not
required for capacitor banks having rated capacity of less than 250 KVAR.

2.11 CAPACITOR BANK ENCLOSURE SYSTEM:

The capacitor bank comprising of capacitor units, power factor controller, series reactors,
electro-magnetic and/or thyristor switched contractors, MCCBs, MCBs, etc. shall be housed
in a suitable metallic enclosure having a front door with a provision for locking arrangement.
a. The capacitor bank enclosure shall be fabricated from pre to dip galvanized sheet steel
of minimum thickness 2 mm. and having a zinc coating thickness of 275 gm/sq.mm.
(38.5 microns). Alternatively, Aluzinc coated steel having a coating thickness of
minimum of 25 microns shall be used for the enclosures.

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b. The compartment door(s) shall be fitted by minimum 4 Nos. of 80 mm. long robust
weather-proof stainless-steel hinges and suitable spring hinges shall be provided to
automatically close these doors. A suitable and substantial latching device with handles
only shall be provided to keep the doors properly in place when closed. This should not
be locked and substantial pad locking strips from 3 mm. thick sheet steel with 14 mm.
dia. holes shall be provided and welded all around in an aesthetic manner. The left-
hand side door shall also be provided with separate latches from inside at the top and
bottom for its independent closing. The doors shall be gasketted to provide protection
against the ingress of moisture and dust to comply with a degree of protection IP53 in
accordance with IEC-60529. On the inside of the door, a pocket of adequate size shall
be provided for keeping the drawings, etc.
c. The equipment mounting panel shall from pre-hot dip galvanized or Aluzinc steel of
minimum thickness of 2mm. and shall be drilled and tapped for front mounting of the
equipment. It shall be possible to install and remove the panel easily from the front of
the capacitor bank enclosure and shall be provided with robust stainless-steel handles at
the top and bottom or at the sides for handling purposes. All cable connections shall be
at the front of the panel only.
d. The low voltage control compartment shall be completely isolated from the power
section and the complete enclosure system shall have provision for adequate air forced
cooling.
e. Each item on the front panel of the capacitor banks shall have a proper label of
adequate dimensions. These labels shall be made of suitable and approved engraving
material approximately 2 mm. thick having white surface with black engraving.
Alternative design of labels can be proposed subject to Purchaser's approval.
f. All other labels shall be from similar material and engraved in English. Full details and
locations of all labels shall be indicated on the drawings and shall be subject to
approval of the Purchaser.
g. All fixing screws for the different components shall be from stainless steel of adequate
size.
h. The capacitor bank enclosure after fabrication shall be applied with a two-component
polyamide cured zinc-rich epoxy primer (Hempadure Zinc 15360 or equivalent) to a
dry film thickness coating of minimum 40 microns and then with a final coat of paint
by using electrostatic dry powder epoxy polyester method of painting to a film
thickness of 80 microns.
i. Each capacitor bank enclosure shall be provided with a 200 mm. x 150 mm. electrical
danger sign of approved type from non-corrosive metal plate, which shall be fixed on
the outside of the right-hand side door of the capacitor bank enclosure.
j. Substantial brass or stainless-steel diagram and rating plates shall be provided on the
capacitor bank unit giving fully detailed information as follows:
Capacitor Bank Rating Plate:
i) Manufacturer.
ii) Serial number and manufacturing year.
iii) Rated total output in kilovars (KVAR) / Number of switchable Capacitors with
capacity.
iv) Rated voltage in volts (V).
v) Rated frequency in hertz (Hz).
vi) Suitable for: Rating of Transformer in KVA
vii) Maximum Power consumption of APFC panel

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viii) Guarantee period

Date of dispatch

2.12 INTERNAL WIRING:

All small wiring shall have a cross sectional area of not less than 2.5 sq. mm. and shall be
600/1000 volts, insulated with type 5 PVC table 1 of BS. 6746, stranded copper conductors.
All small wiring shall be suitably terminated and fitted with identification ferrules and
marked with circuit numbers in accordance with “British Central Electricity Authority
Engineering Recommendations” S-12 standard numbers for small wiring or similar approved
standard.
The trip circuits shall have an additional ferrule coloured red and marked trip.
All terminal blacks shall be from an approved design and all exposed terminals shall be
enclosed by detachable covers. The trip circuit cables shall be coloured black and the
instrument transformer cables (C. Ts) coloured with their respective phase colours.
Alternatively, all small wiring can be uniform color (e.g., grey) but instrument transformer
cables shall have additional coloured ferrules at both ends of each conductor run (in
accordance with their phase colours). The wiring of the auxiliary circuits shall be segregated
from the main circuit by heat resistant tubes made of insulating material covered by earthed
metallic partitions. Terminal blocks, small wiring terminations, ferrules and wire numbering
and colouring shall be subject to the approval of the Purchaser.

2.13 CONTROL CURRENT TRANSFORMERS:

Three (3) numbers of current transformers for sensing the load current (for computation of
KVAR) shall be provided. The CTs shall be mounted on the bus-bars of the LV Boards. The
control CTs shall be suitable for continuous operation in ambient temperatures of up to 52
Deg. C. The primary current rating shall be suitable for the transformer full load current and
secondary rating shall be 5 amp or shall match the automatic power factor controller and/or
power quality meter requirements. These should be epoxy molded resin cast CTs with bas
primary. The inner diameter should be suitable for connecting it around the bus-bas of the LV
Boards. The VA rating of the CTs shall not be less than 5 VA. The CTs shall be of 0.5S class
accuracy and shall have the current sensing linearity in the specified accuracy range from 1%
to 120% of its rated current. The terminations for the CTs shall have the provision to short the
CTs.

2.14 Spare Parts

The Contractor to supply spare parts for the maintenance of capacitor bank as
recommended by the manufacturer for a period of two years. The spare parts shall
include but not limited to the following: -
a. 2% spare capacitor element with minimum of 5 nos.
b. 5% spare fuses.
c. Spare series reactors as per manufacturers recommendation.
d. 5% spare thyristor switched contractor.
e. 5% spare active harmonic filters.

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 ‫مشروع إنشاء وإجناز وصيانة مقر مجعية الرعاية اإلسالمية مبنطقة العديلية‬

PART – 3 EXECUTIONS

3.1 INSTALLATION OF CAPACITOR BANKS

The installation of the capacitor bank shall be generally in accordance with manufacturer's
recommendations. Clearance shall be provided around the capacitor bank for safety and
adequate ventilation. The design of the capacitor banks must be as to facilitate easy alignment
and erection on the site.
Provision of proper earthing of the metallic enclosure of the capacitor bank shall be made.
The capacitor banks at the Main LV Distribution Boards and Sub-main Distribution Boards
shall be connected to the earth ring bus by 1000 Volts grade cables of adequate cross-
sections.
The capacitor bank at the service intake of the consumers shall have an earthing system
consisting of a set of two (2) Nos. 1.5 meters (to make 3.0 meters long rod) x 19 mm dia.
copper bonded earth rods and connected by 1000 Volts grade insulated cable of 70 sq. mm.
The earth rods are to be installed inside pre-cast hand holes of 30 cm x 30 cm clear opening
and a depth of 55 cm provided with a heavy-duty concrete cover to enable checking of the
connection and measurement of the earth resistance.

3.2 TESTS

A. GENERAL:
The supplier/manufacturer/installer of the capacitor banks shall carry out the tests
specified in any applicable International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) and/or
British Standard (BS) Specifications, unless otherwise agreed upon and such additional
tests as in the opinion of the Purchaser or his representative are necessary to determine
that the works comply with the conditions of this specification.
All instrument used for testing purposes, shall be calibrated by an approved authority
and calibration certificates shall be submitted along with the inspection reports.
The tests results/readings recorded during measurements and other observations noted
shall be compiled/tabulated separately for each item of equipment and furnished to the
Purchaser in a fully professional manner in three (3) complete sets. Electronic copies of
the repots shall also be submitted in three (3) complete sets of compact disks (CDs).
B. TYPE TESTS:
The supplier/manufacturer/installer of the capacitor banks shall submit complete type
test certificates and reports from an internationally recognized independent testing
laboratory (ASTA, KEMA or CESI) for the capacitor bank units of the specified design,
construction and rating. The certificates and reports shall not be older than five (5) years.
However, if such certificates and reports cannot be produced and/or are not acceptable to
the Purchaser for any reason, all the necessary type tests as listed below against each
equipment shall be carried out in an internationally recognized independent testing
laboratory (ASTA, KEMA or CESI) and test certificates and reports shall be made
available to the Purchaser for approval prior to delivery of any of the equipment to the
site.
The following type tests shall be carried out as indicated against each equipment:
1. Individual Capacitor Units:
All type tests shall be carried out in accordance with the International Electro-
technical Commission (IEC) Publication No. IEC 60831 as per the relevant clauses

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mentioned against each test. Every capacitor sample to which it is intended to apply
the type test shall first have withstood satisfactorily the application of all the routine
tests.
i) Thermal stability test (Cl. 13).
ii) Measurement of the tangent of the loss angle (tan ) of the capacitor at elevated
temperature (Cl. 14).
iii) Voltage test between terminals (Cl. 9.2).
iv) Voltage test between terminals and container (Cl. 10.2).
v) Lightning impulse voltage test between terminals and container (Cl. 15).
vi) Discharge test (Cl. 16).
vii) Ageing test (Cl. 17).
viii) Self – healing test (Cl. 18).
ix) Destruction test (Cl. 19).
2. Complete capacitor Bank Units:
All type tests shall be carried out in accordance with the International Electro-
technical Commission (IEC) Publication No. IEC 60439 as per the relevant clauses
mentioned against each test.
i) Temperature Rise Test (Cl. 8.2.1)
ii) Di-electric Test (CL. 8.2.2)
iii) Short-circuit withstand strength (Cl. 8.2.3)
iv) Effectiveness of the protective circuit (Cl. 8.2.4.1 & 8.2.4.2)
v) Clearances and creepage distances (Cl. 8.2.5)
vi) Mechanical operation (Cl. 8.2.6)
vii) Verification of Degree of Protection (Cl. 8.2.7)
viii) Wiring, electrical operation (Cl. 8.3.1)
ix) Electromagnetic compatibility EMC (Cl. 7.10)
3. MCCB's, Series Reactors, Thyristors, Electro-magnetic Contractor, Current
Transformers:
Complete type test certificates for all major components, like MCCBs Series
Reactors, Thyristors, Electro-magnetic Contractor, Current Transformers, etc. shall
be submitted as per the relevant IEC/BS standards.
C. ROUTINE TESTS:
All routine tests shall be carried out in the presence of and to the satisfaction of the
Purchaser or his representative. Routine test results shall be produced and must be
available at the time if delivery of the equipment.
The following routine tests hall be carried out as indicated against each equipment:
1. Individual Capacitor Units:
All routine tests shall be carried out in accordance with the International Electro -
technical Commission (IEC) Publication No.
IEC 60831 as per the relevant clauses mentioned against each test. Routine tests
shall be carried out by the manufacturer on every capacitor before delivery.
i) Capacitance measurement and output calculation (Cl. 7).
ii) Measurement of the tangent of the loss angle (tan ) of the capacitor (Cl. 8).
iii) Voltage test between terminals (Cl. 9.1).
iv) Voltage test between terminals and container (Cl. 10.1).
v) Test of the internal discharge device (Cl. 11).
vi) Sealing test (Cl. 12).
2. Complete Capacitor Bank Units:

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 ‫مشروع إنشاء وإجناز وصيانة مقر مجعية الرعاية اإلسالمية مبنطقة العديلية‬

All routine tests shall be carried out in accordance with the International Electro-
technical Commission (IEC) Publication No. IEC 60439 as per the relevant clauses
mentioned against each test. Routine tests shall be carried out by the manufacturer
on every capacitor bank unit before delivery.
i) Inspection, including checking of clearance, dimensions etc. (Cl. 8.3.1).
ii) Di-electric Test (Cl. 8.3.2).
iii) A functional test of the complete capacitor bank control, protection and
interlocking schemes shall be carried out in the factory. These shall include
secondary injection tests on the protection relays.
D. D. SITE TESTS:
All sites’ tests shall be carried out in the presence of and to the satisfaction of the
Purchaser or his representative. The following site tests/inspection shall be carried out
prior to energizing the capacitor banks:
1. Mechanical Tests:
a. Checking of panel conformity to drawing and Engineer's requirements.
b. Checking of all devices for proper mounting and all conductors and cables for
proper routing.
c. Checking of creepage and clearance distances.
d. Checking effectiveness of all mechanical devices, e.g. handles, locks, interlocks,
operating devices, etc.
e. Checking of all electrical connections for tightness/surface area contacts.
f. Checking of Labels, Identifications, Nameplates, Danger Signs, etc.
g. Checking of installation works of capacitor banks and cabling, earthing, etc.
h. Checking of capacitor bank enclosure for overall workmanship and smooth
finish.
2. Electrical Tests:
a. Insulation resistance measurements on the buses, phase to phase and phase to
ground, with all breakers in the fully connected position and contacts open.
Insulation resistance shall exceed 10 megaohms.
b. Control circuit insulation resistance to ground.
c. Flash tests all main circuit at 2.5 kV for one minute. Leakage current shall be
measured and recorded.
d. Repeat insulation resistance measurements to verify the same has not been
affected by the dielectric test.
e. Primary and secondary injection tests of all relays, CT's and indicating and
metering instruments.
3. Functional Tests:
a. Functional test of all circuit breakers, switches, contractors, relays, etc. and
every circuit to verify correct operation.
b. Operate the equipment through all design functions, including remote operation,
actuation of alarm and indicating devices, mechanical and electrical tripping and
closing, and operation of the protective devices.
c. Inspect all relays and protective devices, and verify settings in accordance with
the manufacturer’s instructions.
d. Inspect current transformers and relays for correct polarity of connections and
the installations of jumpers on unused current transformer circuits.
e. Simulate the operations and check the logic of interlocks.

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f. Manually close and trip each breaker checking and adjusting the main contact
alignment and wiring action in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
g. Check the phasing on each side tie breaker, before closing.
h. Test protective relay operation for incomer circuit breakers.
i. Measurement of the power factor and system harmonics before and after
commissioning of the capacitor bank.
j. Data communication.

END OF SECTION 16280

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