DIAGNOSIS PENYAKIT MATA

dr. Nuraini, Sp.M

FK UHAMKA -2024
https://blackbook.ucalgary.ca/schemes/ophthalmologic/approach-to-an-eye-exam/
DAFTAR MASALAH TERKAIT PENGLIHATAN
(SKDI TAHUN 2012)
1. Mata merah 10. Penglihatan silau (fotofobia)
2. Mata gatal 11. Gangguan lapangan pandang: sentral,
perifer
3. Mata berair
12. Buta
4. Mata kering, terasa berpasir
13. Bintit di kelopak mata
5. Mata nyeri
14. Kelilipan (benda asing di mata)
6. Mata lelah
15. Masalah akibat penggunaan lensa
7. Kotoran mata kontak
8. Penglihatan kabur: jauh, dekat 16. Mata juling
9. Penglihatan ganda: diplopia vertikal, 17. Mata terlihat seperti mata kucing/
horisontal orang-orangan mata terlihat putih
 MATA

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/anatomy-human-eye/
ANAMNESIS KASUS MATA
Key ophthalmic symptoms → ❑Mata gatal
unilateral/bilateral ❑Silau (fotofobia)
❑Gangguan penglihatan: mata buram di
jarak dekat, jarak jauh; penglihatan di
❑Melihat kilatan sinar (fotopsia)
sentral / perifer terganggu, diplopia ❑Bengkak/nyeri sekitar mata Trauma
vertikal/horizontal
❑Mata merah: dengan/tanpa nyeri
❑Mata belekan dan/ atau berair
❑Mata kering / terasa berpasir /
mengganjal
https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2126335
ANAMNESIS KASUS MATA
Red flag features
•Gangguan penglihatan:
• mendadak & persistent (>60
minutes)
• Masalah vascular akut di retina, N.II
(temporal arteritis) atau otak brain
•Mata nyeri:
• moderate → severe pain
• contoh: acute closed-angle
glaucoma, uveitis, keratitis.
•Mata merah:
• Dg nyeri dan / atau penglihatan
buram
•Fotofobia (silau):
• Penyakit kornea (keratitis bakteri),
uveitis anterior
•Trauma:
•a high-velocity injury (tiba2 mata
nyeri saat menggunakan alat metal
→ cek benda asing intraocular
(contoh. X-ray orbita)
•Trauma tumpul → ↑ IOP, ablasio
retina, ruptur bola mata
ANAMNESIS KASUS MATA
Key ophthalmic symptoms →
unilateral/bilateral
 Visual disturbance: near, distance vision;
diplopia
Red eye: with/without pain
 Eye discharge and/or watering:
 Grittiness or dryness of the eyes:
 Itching of the eyes:
 Photophobia:
 Swelling or tenderness of the eyes:
Red flag features
•Visual disturbances: sudden and persistent
(>60 minutes) → acute vascular event of the
retina, optic nerve (temporal arteritis) or brain
•Eye pain: moderate to severe pain → acute
closed-angle glaucoma, uveitis or keratitis.
•Red-eye: with pain and/or loss of vision
•Photophobia: corneal disease (bacterial
keratitis), anterior uveitis
•Trauma: a high-velocity injury (e.g. sudden
eye pain whilst using power tools) → assess
for a penetrating foreign body (e.g. X-ray
orbit). Blunt trauma to the eye → ↑ IOP ,
retinal detachment and globe rupture
https://blackbook.ucalgary.ca/schemes/ophthalmologic/red-
eye-traumatic/
https://blackbook.ucalgary.ca/schemes/ophthalmologic/acute-vision-loss-unilateral/
https://blackbook.ucalgary.ca/schemes/ophthalmologic/acute-vision-loss-bilateral/
https://blackbook.ucalgary.ca/schemes/ophthalmologic/chronic-vision-loss-anatomic/
https://blackbook.ucalgary.ca/schemes/ophthalmologic/diplopia/
https://blackbook.ucalgary.ca/schemes/ophthalmologic/strabismus-ocular-misalignment/
MATA MERAH VISUS NORMAL

Blefaritis

https://eyewiki.aao.org/Blepharitis
https://blepharitiscure.com/

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/blepharitis/symptoms-causes/syc-
20370141
MATA MERAH VISUS NORMAL

Episkleritis Skleritis

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/wilmer/conditi
ons/episcleritis.html
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/wilmer/conditi
ons/scleritis.html
MATA MERAH VISUS NORMAL
Konjungtivitis

http://vinokidd.blogspot.com/2015/03/conjungtivitis.html
MATA MERAH VISUS NORMAL

Perdarahan subkonjungtiva

https://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/atlas/pages/Su
bconjunctival-Hemorrhage.html
MATA MERAH VISUS TURUN
Erosi kornea keratitis

https://www.webeyeclinic.com/sites/default/file
s/styles/facebook_og_image/public/2019-
03/corneal_abrasion.jpg?h=6f1bde3b&itok=iw
ao1Pjl

https://www.cehjournal.org/article/distinguishi
ng-fungal-and-bacterial-keratitis-on-clinical-
signs/
MATA MERAH VISUS TURUN

Ulkus kornea

https://www.cehjournal.org/article/managing-
corneal-disease-focus-on-suppurative-keratitis/

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseas
es/22524-corneal-ulcer
MATA MERAH VISUS TURUN

Iritis / uveitis anterior Glaukoma akut

https://www.sciencedirect.com/scienc
e/article/pii/B9780323695411000
045

https://www.cehjournal.org/article/emergency-
http://kellogg.umich.edu/theeyeshav management-angle-closure-glaucoma/
eit/redeye/anterior_uveitis.html
 MATA MERAH VISUS TURUN

endoftalmitis

https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/endophthalmiti
s/
https://www.grepmed.com/images/8058/anatomy-differential-diagnosis-blurred-vision
 MATA TENANG VISUS TURUN PERLAHAN
Glaukoma: sudut terbuka, sudut
tertutup Kronis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_chamber_of_eyeball

https://www.theeyecentersc.com/education-tools/eye-condition-simulators
MATA TENANG VISUS TURUN PERLAHAN
Katarak Kel.letak lensa

https://rvaf.com/diseases/ectopia_lentis/
 MATA TENANG VISUS TURUN PERLAHAN

Retinopati diabetik

https://discoveryeye.org/eye-conditions/diabetic-retinopathy/

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figures?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0289555
MATA TENANG VISUS TURUN PERLAHAN

armd

https://www.alliedeye.com/blog/amd
 MATA TENANG VISUS TURUN PERLAHAN

niktalopia Kelainan refraksi

Miopia
Hipermetropia
Astignatisma
Presbiopia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5I4-
_nu63iQ

https://discoveryeye.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/rp.jpeg
 MATA TENANG
VISUS TURUN MENDADAK
 MATA TENANG VISUS TURUN MENDADAK

Perdarahan Vitreous Ablasio retina

https://www.alomedika.com/
penyakit/oftalmologi/perdar
ahan-vitreus

https://www.theeyecentersc.com/education- https://www.elza-
tools/eye-condition-simulators institute.com/hr/retina/retinal-
detachment/

https://advancedeyehospital.com/
case-studies-details/vitreous-
hemorrhage
https://www.cehjournal.org/article/retinal-detachment /
 Mata Tenang Visus Turun Mendadak
CRAO & CRVO

https://emtopics.wordpress.com/tag/crao/

https://www.grepmed.com/images/3719/centralretinal-management-crao-crvo-ophthalmology
 Tanda:
Gejala:
 Visus ↓ (hitungan jam – hari), ringan atau berat
 Penglihatan warna (terutama merah) & kontras ↓
 Gangguan lapang pandang
 Biasanya unilateral
 Nyeri pada pergerakan bola mata (90%)
RAPD (+)
visus ↓,
penglihatan warna ↓
defek lapang pandang (patchy)+/-.
Funduskopi: Edema optic disc +/-, mungkin
disertai tanda gangguan neurologis fokal lainnya
papil hiperemis, edema dg batas kabur
(papillitis) , batas jelas ( neuritis retrobulbar).
Bila perdarahan peripapil (+)
https://www.optometrytimes.com/view/how-diagnose-swollen-optic-nerve
MATA TENANG VISUS
TURUN MENDADAK
intoksikasi
Metanol

https://www.cureus.com/articles/84024-methanol-intoxication-presenting-with-bilateral-
optic-neuritis-and-paracentral-acute-middle-maculopathy
 TON

https://www.eyenews.uk.com/education/top-tips/post/traumatic-optic-neuropathy
 Mata Tenang Visus Turun Mendadak
AION PION

https://neuro-ophthalmology.stanford.edu/2017/10/neuro-ophthalmology-questions-of-the-
https://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/article/AION/AION-part2.htm week-posterior-ischemic-optic-neuropathy/
https://www.aao.org/bcscsnippetdetail.aspx?id=b6116082-
b91c-419d-953d-91f4c0c24fb3
VIDEO
DIMINUTION OF VISION /causes of vision
loss
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rzj72v2oP
8M
Pseudo-sudden Vision Loss
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yy1fmMXc
L-8
Central Causes of Vision Loss
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Y3-
V1cBWDQ&t=251s
Management of Acute Vision Loss in ED
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqCsBGYU
L1M
Retinal Causes of Vision Loss
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4C8ea7Y
E2Y
Answer discussion case 110 acute vision loss
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGiIAPyVk
_A
Fundoscopy Quiz
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6Uyna7i-
7Y&t=229s
TERIMA KASIH