1.

Assertion: In Calvin cycle, Six molecules of C O2 and twelve molecules of NADP H 2 and 18 ATP are used to form one hexose molecule.
Reason : Light reaction results in formation of ATP and NADP H 2.
1) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
2) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct.
3) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
4) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Ans: 4

2. Assertion : C 4photosynthetic pathway is more efficient than the C 3 pathway.

Reason : Photorespiration is suppressed in C 4 plants.
1) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
2) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct.
3) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
4) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Ans: 3

3. Assertion : The atmospheric concentration of C O2, at which photosynthesis just compensates for respiration is referred to as C O2
compensation point.
Reason : The C O2 compensation point is reached when the amount of C O2 uptake is less than that generated through respiration because the
level of C O2 in the atmosphere is more than that required for achieving C O2 compensation point.
1) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
2) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct.
3) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
4) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Ans: 1
it is the point at which the rate of CO2 uptake by photosynthesis matches the rate of CO2 production by respiration

4. Assertion :Under conditions of high light intensity and limited C O2 supply, photorespiration has a useful role in protecting the plants from
photo-oxidative damage.
Reason : If enough C O2 is not available to utilize light energy for carboxylation to proceed, the excess energy may not cause damage to plants.
1) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
2) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct.
3) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
4) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Ans: 1
In conditions of limited CO2, the process of photorespiration is initiated, which involves oxygenation instead of carboxylation, leading to the
loss of energy and the release of harmful reactive oxygen species. Therefore, it does not prevent damage but rather mitigates some of the
potential damage.

5. Assertion : In PSI, the reaction centre chlorophyll a has an absorption peak at 700 nm, hence is called P700.
Reason : In PS II it has absorption maxima at 680 nm and is called P680.
1) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
2) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct.
3) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
4) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Ans: 3

6. Assertion : In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells are rich in an enzyme phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase).
Reason : In C4 plants, the mesophyll cells lack enzyme Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase- oxygenase (RuBisCO).
1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
4) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct.
Ans: 4

7. Assertion : Dark reaction is purely enzymatic reaction.

Reason : It occurs only in absence of light.
1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
4) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct.
Ans: 3
8. Assertion : The C 4 plants have a special type of leaf anatomy called Kranz anatomy.
Reason : Chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells have well developed grana and starch grains.
1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
4) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct.
Ans: 3
Chloroplasts in bundle sheath cells of C4 plants are not typically characterized by well-developed grana. In fact, bundle sheath chloroplasts in
C4 plants are often agranal, meaning they lack well-defined grana.

9. Assertion : In C 3 cycle, the first stable compound is 3C compound.

Reason : In C4 plants Calvin cycle is absent.
1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
4) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
Ans: 3

10. Assertion : Each molecule of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate fixes one molecule of C O2.
Reason : Three molecules of NADPH and two ATP are required for fixation of one molecule of C O2.
1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
4) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
Ans: 3

11. Assertion : In light reaction of photosynthesis, light is required for the functioning of PS I and PS II and production of NADPH and ATP.
Reason : Dark reaction does not occur in light.
1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
4) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
Ans: 3

12. Assertion : Chloroplasts occur inside the leaves mostly in mesophyll cells along their walls.
Reason : The membrane system of chloroplast is responsible for trapping the light energy and also for the synthesis of ATP and NADPH.
1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
4) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
Ans: 2

13. Assertion : The splitting of water is associated with PS II.

Reason : Water is split into H +¿ ,O ¿. and electrons.
2

1) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.

2) Both (A) and (R) are not correct
3) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
4) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Ans: 4
However, while (R) provides an accurate statement about the products of water splitting, it does not directly explain why the splitting of water is
associated with PS II. The association is primarily due to the fact that the electrons released during water splitting replace the electrons lost by
chlorophyll in PS II, allowing the continuation of the electron transport chain.

14. Assertion : The stroma lamellae have both PS I and PS II.

Reason : The grana lamellae lack PS II as well as NADP reductase enzyme.
1) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
2) Both (A) and (R) are not correct
3) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
4) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Ans: 2

15. Assertion : The proton gradient is broken down due to the movement of protons across the membrane to stroma through the transmembrane
channel of the F 0 of the ATP synthase complex.
Reason : The breakdown of proton gradient leads to release of energy.
1) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
2) Both (A) and (R) are not correct
3) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
4) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Ans: 4

16. Assertion In photosynthesis the plant or internal factors are dependent on the genetic predisposition and the growth of the plant.
Reason : The external factors that affect photosynthesis are number, size, age and orientation of leaves, mesophyll cells and chloroplasts and the
amount of chlorophyll.
1) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
2) Both (A) and (R) are not correct
3) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
4) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Ans: 3
it does not directly explain why internal factors are dependent on genetic predisposition and plant growth. The genetic makeup and overall
growth of the plant determine its internal characteristics, including the efficiency of photosynthesis.

17. Assertion Tropical plants have a higher optimum temperature for photosynthesis than temperate plants.
Reason : The temperature optimum for photosynthesis of different plants depends on their habitat.
1) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
2) Both (A) and (R) are not correct
3) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
4) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Ans: 3

18. Assertion : In C 4 plants photorespiration does not occur.

Reason : C 4 plants have a mechanism that increase the concentration of C O2 at the enzyme site.
1) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
2) Both (A) and (R) are not correct
3) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
4) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Ans: 3
19. Identify the correct set of statements :
(a) Increases in incident light beyond a point cause the breakdown of chlorophyll and a decrease in photosynthesis.
(b) he primary C O2 acceptor in C4 plants is a 3-C molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) and is present in bundle sheath cells.
(c) To make one molecule of glucose, 6 turns of Calvin cycle are required.
(d) The regeneration step require two ATP for phosphorylation to form RuBP Choose the correct answer from options given below:
(1) a, b and c only
(2) a and c only
(3) b and d only
(4) a, b, c and d all
Ans: 2

20. Statement I : Chemiosmosis require a membrane, a proton pump, a proton gradient and ATP synthase.
Statement II : The proton gradient is broken down due to movement of proton across the membrane to the lumen through the transmembrane
channel of the ATP synthase.
1) Both statement I and statement II are correct.
2) Both statement I and statement II are incorrect.
3) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
4) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct.
Ans: 3
Solution:
Chemiosmosis require a membrane, a proton pump, a proton gradient and ATPase. The proton gradient is broken down due to movement of
protons across the membrane to the stroma through the transmembrane channel of the F 0 of the ATPase.

21. Statement I : Productivity and yield is better in C4 plants.

Statement II : C. plants some times show photorespiration.
1) Both statement I and statement II are correct.
2) Both statement I and statement II are incorrect.
3) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
4) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct.
Ans: 3
Solution:
Productivity and yield is better in C 4 plants as C 4 plants lacks photorespiration.

22. Statement I : In C 4 plants, the primary C O2 acceptor RuBisCO is present in mesophyll cells.
Statement II : C 4 plants have both RuBisCO and PEP case enzymes.
1) Both statement I and statement II are correct.
2) Both statement I and statement II are incorrect.
3) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
4) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct.
Ans: 4
Solution:
In C 4 plants, the primary CO 2 acceptor phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) is present in mesophyll cells. C 4 plants have both RuBisCO and PEP case
enzymes.

23. Statement I : The NADP reductase enzyme is located on the lumen side of thylakoid membrane.
Statement II : The ATP synthase enzyme consist of two parts : one called the C F 0 and the other portion is called C F 1
1) Both statement I and statement II are correct.
2) Both statement I and statement II are incorrect.
3) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
4) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct.
Ans: 4

24. Statement I : In green plants, O2 evolved comes from CO 2 and not from H 2 O.
Statement II : In the purple and green sulphur bacteria, the oxidation product is sulphur or sulphate depending on the organism and not O2.
1) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
2) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct.
3) Both statement I and statement II are correct.
4) Both statement I and statement II are incorrect.
Ans: 2
Solution:
In green plants, H 2 O is the source of O2, hydrogen ions and electrons which are produced during photosynthesis. In the purple and green sulphur
bacteria, the oxidation product is sulphur or sulphate depending on the organism and not O2
25. Statement I : Dark reactions are not directly light driven but are dependent on the products of light reaction (ATP and NADPH)
Statement II : Leaf pigments can be separated by paper chromatography.
1) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
2) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct.
3) Both statement I and statement II are correct.
4) Both statement I and statement II are incorrect.
Ans: 3

26. Statement I : Melvin Calvin used radioactive C 14 in algal photosynthetic studies which led to the discovery that first CO 2 fixation product
was 3-carbon organic acid.
Statement II : Calvin proposed that plants convert light energy to chemical energy.
1) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
2) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct.
3) Both statement I and statement II are correct.
4) Both statement I and statement II are incorrect.
Ans: 3

27. Statement I : In C 3 plants, photosynthesis is reduced at high temperature.

Statement II : C 4 plants have high photosynthesis at high temperature.
1) Both statement I and statement II are incorrect.
2) Both statement I and statement II are correct.
3) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
4) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct.
Ans: 2

28. Statement I : Carboxylation is the most crucial step of Calvin cycle where CO 2 is utilised for the carboxylation of RuBP.
Statement II : Carboxylation is catalysed by the enzyme RuBisCO which results in the formation of two molecules of 3 PGA.
1) Both statement I and statement II are incorrect.
2) Both statement I and statement II are correct.
3) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
4) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct.
Ans: 2

29. Statement I : Crassulacean acid metabolism occurs in succulent plants which grow in xeric conditions.
Statement II : Stomata are generally sunken in succulent plants.
1) Both statement I and statement II are incorrect.
2) Both statement I and statement II are correct.
3) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
4) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct.
Ans: 2

30. Statement I : C 3 plants respond to higher C O2 concentration by showing increased rates of photosynthesis leading to higher productivity.
Statement II : C 4 plants respond to lower temperature and show higher rate of photosynthesis.
1) Both statement I and statement II are incorrect.
2) Both statement I and statement II are correct.
3) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
4) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct.
Ans: 3

31. The following hypothesis, “Plants restore to the air whatever breathing animals and burning candles remove” was given by
1). Joseph Priestley
2). Jan Ingenhous
3). T.W. Engelmann
4). C. van Niel
Ans: 1

32. The first action spectrum of photosynthesis was described by

1). Julius von Sachs
2) Cornelius van Niel
3) T.W. Engelmann
4) Jan Ingenhousz
Ans: 3
33. Water soluble pigment is
1). Chlorophyll
2). Carotene
3). Phycocyanin
4). Xanthophyll
Ans: 3

34. Chemical which absorbs light energy and changes it to chemical energy is
1)Xanthophyll
2). Chlorophyll a
3) Chlorophyll b
4) Chlorophyll c
Ans: 2

35. Who demonstrated that photosynthesis is essentially a light dependent reaction in which hydrogen from a suitable oxidisable compound
reduces carbon dioxide to carbohydrates?
1). Julius von Sachs
2) Cornelius van Niel
3) T.W. Engelmann
4) Jan Ingenhousz
Ans: 2

36. Light energy is used in photosynthesis for

1). Breakdown of H 2 O
2) Breakdown of C O2
3) Activation of chlorophyll
4) Breakdown of C 6 H 12 O6
Ans: 3

37. During non-cyclic photophosphorylation, electrons are continuously lost from the reaction centre of PS II. Which source is used to replace
these electrons?
1). Sunlight
2). O2
3). H 2 O
4). C O2
Ans: 3

38. Which of the following statements about dark reactions is correct?

1). They occur in darkness
2). They are not light dependent completely
3). They are dependent upon the products synthesised during light reactions
4). All of these
Ans: 3

39. Dark reactions of photosynthesis occur in

1). Granal thylakoid membranes
2) Stromal lamella membranes
3) Stroma, outside photosynthetic lamellae
4) Periplastidial space
Ans: 3

40. During chemiosmotic hypothesis, select incorrect

1). Protons accumulate within lumen of thylakoid
2). Protons are transported across the membrane
−¿¿ −¿¿
3). Primary acceptor of e , transfer its e to electron carrier
4). Primary acceptor is located towards outer side of membrane
Ans: 3
In chemiosmotic hypothesis, the primary acceptor of e- is located towards the outer side of membrane. It transfers its electrons not to an electron
carrier but to an H carrier.

41. Function of RuBisCO in Calvin Cycle :

1). Carboxylation of RuBP
2) Oxygenation of RuBP
3) Both Carboxylation and oxygenation of RuBP
4) Accept C O2 from atmosphere
Ans: 1

42. The first stable product of C O2 fixation in sorghum is

1). Oxaloacetic acid
2) Succinic acid
3) Phosphoglyceric acid
4) Pyruvic acid
Ans: 1

43. The C 4 plants are photosynthetically more efficient than C 3 plants because
1). The C O2 efflux is not prevented
2). They have two types of chloroplasts
3). The C O2 compensation point is more
4). C O2 generated during photorespiration is trapped and recycled through PEP carboxylase
Ans: 3

44. Which of the following statements regarding C 4 plants is false?

1). The primary C O2 acceptor is a 5-carbon molecule
2). The initial carboxylation reaction occurs in mesophyll
3). Calvin pathway does not take place in the mesophyll cells but does so only in bundle sheath cells
4). Leaves that fix C O2 have two cell types
Ans: 1
3-carbon compound - Phospho enol pyruvic acid (PEP)

45. The first product of C O2 fixation in C 4-plants is

1) 3-phosphoglyceric acid
2) Malic acid
3) Oxaloacetate
4) Phosphoenol pyruvate
Ans: 3
46. Photorespiration is favoured by
1) High oxygen and low carbon dioxide
2) High carbon dioxide and low oxygen
3) High temperature and low oxygen
4) High humidity and temperature
Ans: 1

47. If a chemical process is affected by more than one factors, then its rate will be determined by the factor which is nearest to its minimum
value, it is the factor which directly affects the process if its quantity is changed. This is the statement of
1) Hatch and Slack
2) Calvin
3) Blackman's law of limiting factor
4) Both 2 and 3
Ans: 3

48. Which one of the following would not be limiting factor in photosynthesis?
1). O2
2). C O2
3) Temperature
4) Light
Ans: 1

49. Find the wrong pair

1) Engelmann - Action spectrum
2) Chl C - C 35 H 32 O5 N 4 Mg
3). Quantum requirement - 12% in plant cell of photosynthesis
4). ATP requirement of - 2 ATP in 1 C 4 cycle.
Ans: 3

50. Carotene and xanthophyll pigments absorb radiant energy and

1). Carryout photosynthesis to produce carbohydrate
2). Do not take any part in photosynthesis
3). Lose the energy as heat
4). Transfer this energy to chlorophyll-a and b when it is transformed into chemical energy
Ans: 4

51. A reduction in the quantity of oxygen evolution during photosynthesis may be observed at
1). Light having wavelength more than 680 nm
2). Light having wavelength less than 680 nm
3). Light having wavelength 560 nm
4). Light having wavelength less than 360 nm
Ans: 1

52. The Z scheme of photophosphorylation follows the following sequence:

Which of the following options is correct for A, B. C, D transfer of electrons?

A B C D
1) Uphill Downhill Uphill Downhill
2) Downhill Uphill Downhill Uphill
3) Downhill Uphill Uphill Downhill
4) Uphill Downhill Downhill Uphill
Ans: 1

53. Photochemical phase of photosynthesis does not include

1). Light absorption
2) Water splitting
3) Formation of high energy chemicals
4) Formation of pigments
Ans: 4

54. A process that makes important difference between C 3 and C 4 plants.

1) Transpiration
2) Glycolysis
3) Photosynthesis
4) Photorespiration
Ans: 4

55. Which one of the following statements is true with regard to the light reaction of photosynthesis?
1). In PS-II the reaction centre chlorophyll-a has an absorption peak at 700 nm and is called P700
2). In PS-I the reaction centre chlorophyll-a has an absorption maxima at 680 nm and is called P680.
3). The splitting of water molecule is associated with PS-I
4). Photosystem-I and II are involved in Non-cyclic electron transport.
Ans: 4
Photosystem -I and II are involved in Z scheme - which is the true statement, in PS II reaction centre has an absorption peak at 680 nm and PS I
has an absorption peak at 700 nm, splitting of water molecule is associated with PS II not with PS I

56. Which is the correct option regarding cyclic photophosphorylation?

1). Cyclic photophosphorylation needs PS-I and PS-II
+¿¿
2). Cyclic photophosphorylation produces NADPH + H and ATP
3). Cyclic photophosphorylation involves H 2 O
4). Electrons are recycled in cyclic photophosphorylation
Ans: 4

57. Cyclic phosphorylation cannot sustain photosynthesis

1). PS I does not function beyond 680 nm
2). No evolution of oxygen
3). Unidirectional cyclic movement of electrons
4). Only ATP is formed, NADPH is not formed
Ans: 4

58. Conditions required for cyclic photophosphorylation are

1). Aerobic condition, low light intensity
2). Aerobic condition, optimum light intensity
3). Anaerobic condition, low light intensity
4). Anaerobic condition, optimum light intensity
Ans: 2

59. Which of the following statement is incorrect for chemiosmotic hypothesis?

1). It explains the formation of ATP molecule
2). It is linked with development of proton gradient
3). It does not involve photolysis
4). It was proposed by Peter Mitchell
Ans: 3

60. Which is incorrect with reference to chloroplast?

1) Presence in algae and plants
2) Releases O2
3) Occurs only in cells with aerobic respiration
4) None of the above
Ans: 3

61. Which of the following is true for photosynthesis?

1) Reduction of C O2 and water
2) Oxidation of C O2 and water
3) Reduction of C O2 and oxidation of water
4) Oxidation of C O2 and reduction of water
Ans: 3

62. Select the incorrect statement as far as Kranz anatomy is concerned.

1). Undifferentiated mesophyll occurs in concentric layers around vascular bundles
2). Agranal chloroplasts are present in bundle sheath cells
3). Large sized bundle sheath cells are arranged in a wreath-like manner in one to several layers.
4 Chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells possess well-developed grana lamellae.
Ans: 1
Mesophyll cells surrounding bundle sheath cells have more number of chloroplast than the other mesophyll cells. Here mesophyll cells are
differentiated into two types based on the type and size of chloroplast.

63. Bundle sheath cells are rich in which enzyme?

1) PEP Carboxylase
2) Malate dehydrogenase
3) Phosphofructo kinase
4) RuBisCO
Ans: 4

64. In Kranz anatomy, the bundle sheath cells have

1). Thick walls, many intercellular spaces and no chloroplasts
2). Thick walls, no intercellular spaces and large number of chloroplasts
3). Thick walls, no intercellular spaces and few chloroplasts
4). Thin walls, many intercellular spaces and several chloroplasts
Ans: 2

65. Glycolate accumulates in chloroplasts when there is

1) High C O2
2) Bright light
3) Low temperature
4) Low C O2
Ans: 4

66. Which is wrongly matched?

1). Sorghum - Kranz anatomy
2). PS II-700
3). Photorespiration - C 3
4). PEP carboxylase - Mesophyll cells
Ans: 2

67. Which cells have Rubisco in the C 3 plants and C 4 plants respectively
1). Bundle sheath and mesophyll
2). Mesophyll and Bundle sheath
3). Mesophyll and Mesophyll
4). Bundle sheath and Bundle sheath
Ans: 2

68. Which of the following statements regarding photorespiration are true?

1). Photorespiration is a metabolically expensive pathway
2). Photorespiration is avoided when C O2 is abundant
3). Photorespiration results in a loss of usable carbon dioxide
4). All of the above
Ans: 4