Professional Documents
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Complete Index & Shop Manual
Complete Index & Shop Manual
Complete Index & Shop Manual
SAFETY
• INSTALL PROPER LIGHTING
PROTECTION
WEAR FULL FACE SHIELD DURING LATHE
TURNING, ROUTING, AND OTHER OPERATIONS
THAT MAY THROW CHIPS
C o m p r e h e n s iv e I n d e x i
P r o je c t In d ex 53
J ig and F ixture I n d e x 6i
R e fer en ce C h arts 89
Tangential and Radial Wood Movement 90
Wood Hazards 91
Relative Wood Strengths 92
Sharpening Stones 94
Maximum Shelving Spans 96
Standard Desk Dimensions 96
Standard Table Dimensions 97
Standard Cabinet Dimensions 98
Standard Chair Dimensions 100
Adjusting for Chair Height 101
Chair Woods 102
Wood Bondability 103 t
Properties of Common Adhesives 104
Common Gluing Problems and Solutions 106
Properties of Common Finishes 107
Hazardous Finishing Chemicals 108
Common Floor Finishes 110
Abrasive Types, Grades, and Applications 110
Compound Miter Angles 111
Twist Bit Sizes 112
Recommended Drill Press Speeds 113
Common Band Saw Blades 114
Common Table Saw Blades 115
Hi
R e f e re n c e C h a r t s — C o n t in u e d
iv
I n t r o d u c t io n
projects. As much as I love this stuff, I can’t keep it all in
my head. Most woodworkers, after all, can’t rattle off the
contents of their scrap bins, even though they seem to have
an emotional bond with each and every board. There’s just
too much good stuff to keep track of.
You probably have a similar feeling about your wood
working library. Why else do we craftsmen save every
single woodworking magazine we buy? Scraps of informa
tion, like scraps of wood, have exciting potential. A single
board with just the right grain pattern often makes the dif
ference between a good effort and a masterpiece. And so
every board, no matter how small, is worth its weight in
gold if you save it for just the right project. By the same
token, a single tip or technique can often make a real differ
ence in your craftsmanship. The trick is being able to ferret
out those scraps of wood and information when they’ll do
you the most good.
I can help with some of that. I’ve yet to discover a good
way to organize scrap wood— my boards always seems to
dissolve into creative chaos within a few minutes of sorting
them out. But I can make some of the valuable information
in your library more accessible.
S craps Whether you’ve collected all of the Workshop
Once a month I get together with a couple dozen Companion books or just a few, you have a ton of informa
craftsmen. We hijack a nearby restaurant and, like crusty tion to sort through. Each book contains diverse material
fishermen, tell each other shop lies for a few hours. Often, on a single woodworking topic, and the entire series
the topic of prevarication turns to “rediscovered trea includes over 2,500 pages of information, making it one of
sures”— bits of exotic wood, forgotten tools, and unfinished the largest and most comprehensive works on wood
projects that woodworkers find when they clean out the working ever published. To help you find those elusive
bins, cabinets, and corners in their shops. Noncraftsmen scraps of information when you need them, we’ve put
might find this dull, but woodworkers are easily enter together a comprehensive guide and cross-reference to the
tained. I have seen a woodworker describe the newly Workshop Companion series.
uncovered flotsam and jetsam at the bottom of his scrap The Complete Index and Shop Manual actually con
bin to a spellbound audience for the better part of an hour. tains four distinct parts, each designed to help you find a spec
It was as if he were Cortez, returned from the New World ific kind of information quickly. The Comprehensive Index
with fantastic tales of Aztec gold. includes every topic in the series, as the name suggests.
I have that same pleasant feeling of rediscovery looking There are also separate indices for the Jigs and Fixtures and
over my research notes for the 20 books in the Workshop the Projects from the series, so you can quickly find exactly
Companion series. In many ways, these form a scrap bin of what you want in these areas. In the last section—
woodworking ideas— folder after folder of information that Reference Charts— I’ve collected information that most
I have collected on the woodworking process, from lum woodworkers use on a daily basis into a single, convenient
bering to finishing and everything in between. And even location. If all you need is a quick read or something to jog
though I’ve written extensively about this material, I enjoy your memory, you’ll likely find it in one of these charts.
going over it again, refreshing my memory and becoming
reacquainted with interesting ideas, techniques, jigs, and
V
How t o U se T h is B o o k
This index is like any shop tool— you need to know
how to use it in order to get a specific job done. Here’s how
the Workshop Companion Complete Index and Shop
Manual works.
First, each section is organized alphabetically To the
right of each entry is a two- or three-letter code that indi
cates the book in which you’ll find information on that
entry. A key at the bottom of each page provides the corre
sponding titles of all the volumes in the Workshop
Companion series.
Second, because a picture really can be worth a thou
sand words, we’ve included photos wherever possible—
every project is shown, every jig and fixture, and just to
make the index more fun to use, a few photos or illustra
tions are displayed on every page of the comprehensive
index. It’s worth noting that in many cases, the photo of a
jig is all you’ll need to make your own version. In effect, the
photo gives you the jig idea, and for many craftsmen,
making the jig is easy once they’ve seen the concept.
Before I go, I’d like to thank you sincerely for choosing
the Workshop Companion books to be part of your library.
I realize that many of these tomes will be used in your
shops and dens for years to come, and this is an honor that
I did not take lightly when I wrote them. As one craftsman
to another, I know just how precious these scraps of infor
mation can be.
Vi
C om prehensive
I ndex
C o m pr eh en siv e
I n d ex
Note: Page num bers are preceded by initials indicating which book the references are found in. The shaded
key below lists each book with its initials.
A Accessories, TS14-17
angle vise, DP16, 55
Abrasives, F42, 43, 86, 87; S12, 13, 16, 17, anti-vibration pads, SS25
19-21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 33-35, 37, auxiliary table, DP 18, 19
38, 39, 41, 42, 44-50, 56, 57, 59, 67, belts, SS10, 39
68, 70,71, 76, 77, 79,86, 88,89, blade-changing fixture, SS23, 29, 30
93-95, 98, 102, 103, 105, 107, 113, blade clamps, SS3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 22, 23,
114,115 28-34, 36, 37, 38, 48, 77, 78, 80,
aluminum oxide, SP42, 43, 44, 58 83, 90-92
backing material, SP44, 45, 52, 58, blade holder, SS9, 17, 82
107 blower, SS3, 1 1 ,2 3 ,3 6 ,3 8
changing, SP65 center drill, DP67
cleaner, SP64, 65 center reamer, DP13
closed-coat sandpaper, SP45 chisel bit, DP74, 75
coating, SP45 collet, DP85
Abrasive belt and disc
cleaner
conical disc, SP47 cool blocks, BS11, 13, 30
cord, SP63, 64 cross vise, D P I6, 91
drum, SP46, 49 dovetail fixtures, AR17, 18
flexible, SP49, 52, 53, 58 dowel center, DP79
flint, SP42, 44 drill bushing, DP53
garnet, SP42, 43, 44, 58 drill guide, DP9, 63, 79, 80
grade, SP43, 44, 55, 56, 61 drilling attachment, SS24
grit, SP9, 43, 44, 55, 56, 58, 60, 65, drill press clamp, D P I6, 17
107, 117 drill press vise, DP 16
hook-and-loop mounting, SP46 drum sander, DP16, 18, 19, 82-85
material, SP42, 43, 44, 58 dust collector, BS31
mop, SP52, 53 fence, BS11, 12,45
mounting, SP45, 46 flap sanders, DP18
open-coat sandpaper, SP45 flexible shaft tool, SS24
pressure-sensitive mounting, SP45, 46, flutter sheets, DP 18
62 fly cutter, DP11, 13, 50, 51
sandpaper, SP41-46, 50, 51, 54, 55, foot switch, DP36; SS25, 42, 43
56, 59,60, 63,64, 65, 107, 118, grinding cone, DP90
121 grinding cup, DP18, 90
silicon carbide, SP42, 43, 44, 58 grinding drum, DP18, 90-92
sleeve, SP49, 53 grinding wheel, DP18, 90
stearate-coated sandpaper, SP45 guide bushings, AR78
use, SP41-43, 44, 45, 47, 53, 54, 62 guide collar, AR4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 17, 18,
Absorption of finish, F32, 33 1 9 ,2 9 ,3 1 ,3 2
Case construction, B C 4 3 -4 9 , 50, 5 1 -5 4 , back post, T C 7, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64,
55, 56, 5 7 -6 0 , 61, 62 65, 66, 6 9 -7 1 , 72, 75, 79, 83, 84,
assembly, B IC 59, 60, 114, 115, 116 8 5 ,8 8 , 9 3 -9 7 , 1 0 4 -1 1 0
back, B IC 23, 27, 114, 118 ball-and-claw feet, TC 8
cleats, B IC 29 bending parts, TC 66, 69, 83, 84, 97
corner counter unit, BIC3, 4, 9, 10, 11, cabriole legs, TC 8
33, 1 0 6 -1 0 8 , 114, 115 child’s, T C I 5
counter unit, BIC 3, 8, 10, 11, 29, 31, cloth tape, T C 72, 8 7 -9 0 , 97, 111
8 3 ,8 4 , 1 0 3 -1 0 5 , 119 construction, TC 2, 3, 60, 71
cutting parts, B IC 113, 114 corner blocks, T C 60, 66
dividers, B IC 23, 27 designing, TC 2
drawer support, BIC 29 desk, T C 4, 14, 16
face frame, BIC 23, 33, 5 5 -5 7 dimensions, TC 2, 3, 8, 14, 1 5 -1 7
nailing strip, B IC 23, 27, 28, 32, dining, TC 4, 14, 15, 16
Clamping cauls protect 33 drafting, T C 4
workpiece
shelves, B IC 23, 26, 27, 28, 53, 69 Eastern Tradition, TC 8, 10-11
sides, BIC 23 easy TC 4, 15, 17
tall unit, BIC 3, 8, 10, 32, 1 0 9 -1 1 2 fiber cord, T C I 1 2 -1 1 5
toeboard, B IC 23, 31, 33, 116 folding, TC 9
toespace, B IC 114 Folk Tradition, TC 9, 10-11
wall unit, BIC 3, 8, 10, 11, 27, 28, frame, TC 6, 7, 14, 59, 60, 61, 6 4 -6 8 ,
100-102 69, 7 0 -7 2 , 94, 97, 1 0 9 -1 1 2 , 114
Casters, W SF 6, 6 3 -6 7 , 87, 92, 109, 116 history, T C 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 70, 87,
Catalpa, W W M 14 104
Catalyzing finish, F10, 11, 68 joined, T C 5 9 -6 6 , 69, 70, 71, 85
Caulk/sealer, G C 10, 14 joiner’s, TC 6, 7
Cauls, G C 18, 29, 30, 53, 55, 56, 5 8 -6 0 ladderback, T C 72, 79
Cedar, W W M 19, 24, 32, 33, 72 legs, T C 7, 59, 60, 63, 65, 66, 6 9 -7 1 ,
Ceiling 7 5 - 7 8 ,8 1 ,8 5 ,9 0 , 9 2 ,9 3 ,9 4 ,9 5 ,
bracing, F C 2 2 -2 4 9 6 , 1 0 8 , 1 0 9 , 1 1 0 , 111
Center finder coffered, FC 16, 8 4 -9 4 library, TC 4
grounding, FC 81, 84, 8 5 -9 2 low-back, T C 9 2 -9 7
molding, FC 6, 16, 76, 8 0 -8 2 , 84, mule ears, T C 94, 95, 96
8 5 -8 7 , 8 9 -9 4 pouting, T C 4
Center drill, DP67 rails, T C 6, 7, 59, 60, 61, 6 2 -6 7 ,
Center finder, H T19; JF 4 1 6 9 -7 1 , 72, 81, 82, 8 7 -9 0 , 93, 95,
Center head, HT19 10 4 -1 0 6 , 108, 109, 1 1 0 -1 1 3 , 115
Center reamer, DP 13 recliner, TC 2
Centers, dowel, J W 5 1-5 2 rocker, T C 2, 4, 7, 15, 17, 1 0 4 -1 1 5
Ceramic in d glass adhesive, G C 10 rungs, T C 60, 71, 74, 75, 93, 95, 96,
Ceramic file, S82 1 0 5 ,1 0 6 , 1 0 8 -1 1 0 , 111
Ceramic stone, S17, 20, 21, 22, 80 rush seat, T C 72, 105, 111, 1 1 2 -1 1 5
Ceramic tile, B IC 87 saddle seat, TC 7, 71, 85
Chain saw, S25 scooped seat, TC 6, 14, 69, 71, 8 5 -8 7
Chair(s), G C 57, 64, 65 sculpted seat, T C 69, 71
Adirondack, TC2 seat, TC 6, 7, 12, 1 4 -1 7 , 59, 60,
armrests, TC 4, 60, 65, 69, 105, 106, 6 3 -6 6 , 67, 68, 69, 7 0 -7 2 , 75,
1 0 8 - 1 1 0 ,111 7 6 -7 8 , 81, 82, 85, 86, 8 7 -9 0 , 93,
arms, T C 14, 16, 17, 60, 7 2 ,8 1 9 5 ,9 7 , 105, 108, 111, 1 1 2 -1 1 5
back, TC 7, 1 4 -1 6 , 60, 65, 71, 72, 75, side, TC 4, 7
Dowel centers 7 9 ,8 1 ,9 2 , 111 slab-and-stick, T C 71, 72, 75
W W M — W ood and W o o d w o r k in g M a t e r ia l s
10 COMPREHENSIVE INDEX
WWM— W o o d a n d W o o d w o rk in g M a te r ia ls
14 COMPREHENSIVE INDEX
Dovetail(s), R S61-63; SS53, 72 inset, BC63, 64, 67; BIC24, 77; DB68,
bits, RS61 69, 71
fixture, AR17, 18 installation, BIC75, 77, 78, 117; DB71,
half-blind, JW 81, 92-93 72-75
jig, BC27, 66 joinery, B C 63-68, 82, 83, 93, 102,
joints, AR2, 7, 13, 17; BC9, 23, 25, 27, 114; 6 8 -7 0 ,7 3
3 2 ,3 3 ,6 1 ,6 4 , 66, 67, 70, 86, 90, kicker, BC74, 90-93; BIC30, 116
91, 9 3 -95, 102; BS74, 84, 87-90, knob, BC76
10 8 ,1 1 0 lipped, BC63, 64; BIC23, 25, 75, 77;
layout rule, JW 85, 86, 90 DB68, 69
making, with a band saw, JW 89 lock joint, AR25, 27; BIC76
making, with a table saw, JW 89 making, BC 63-70
mortise and tenon, JW 62 muntin, BC68, 93-95
notches, JW 96, 99, 100 overlay, BC63, 64; BIC23, 25, 75;
saw, JW 21, 22 DB68, 69
through, JW 81, 85-89, 109 pull, BC21, 42, 63, 76-78, 84, 94, 95,
Dovetail spline jig, RS66, 67 102,103, 115, 116
Doweling, DP78, 80 rails, BIC54
Doweling jig, BIC56; JW 50-51 shelves, DB71, 72, 75
Dowel joint, BC33, 55, 59 sizing, BC69, 70
Dowel maker, AR69, 70, 71 slides, BC70, 71, 72, 74, 75; BIC30,
Dowel pin, steel, DP91 77, 78
Dowels, BIC55, 56, 71; DP79, 80 slip, BC68
centers, DP79; JW 50, 52; TS121 stiles, BIC54
grooves, JW 52 stop, BC75
joints, JW 5 0 -5 2 , 105 support bracket, BC72, 73, 74, 75
routing, RS15, 79, 86, 87 supports, BIC29
Dozuki saw, JW 22 turn button, DB75, 79, 80 Doweling jig
Drawer, GC57, 58, 61; W SF9, 18, 26, 27, types, BC63
28, 51, 53, 58, 59, 61, 70, 71, 73, 84, 93, web frame, BC45, 46, 72, 73, 74, 75,
105 8 8 ,8 9 ,9 1 -9 4 ; BIC30, 54, 105;
assembly, BIC104, 105, 107, 117 DB71, 72, 73, 75
binding or rubbing, BIC 78 Drawknives, HT45, 46
brackets, BIC30, 57 Dressing
catch, BC42, 85 Arkansas stone, S24
construction, DB56, 57-59, 68-71 grinding wheel, S37, 38
cutting parts for, BIC69, 116 waterstone, S24
desk, DB11, 5 6-59, 61, 62, 63, 67 whetstone, S24
dimensions, BIC9, 10; DB61 Dressoir, DB4
divider, BC68, 90-93, 103 Drier, F10
face, BIC75 Drift pin, DP4
false front, BC63 Drill(s)
fitting, BC75, 84, 93, 94, 115, 116 accessories, HT61, 62
guide, BC68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, Archimedean, HT58
90, 92, 93, 95, 108; DB71, 72, 73, bits, H T55-62, 79; JW 45; S21, 25, 72,
75 8 1-83, 84
half-blind dovetail, BIC76 brace, H T55-58
handle, BC63 breast, HT58
hanging, BC 70-73, 74 chuck, H T56-60
hardware, BC42, 63, 70, 71, 72, 74, countersink, HT60, 61
75, 95; BIC30, 57 gimlet, HT61
W W M — W ood and W o o d w o r k in g M a t e r ia l s
16 COMPREHENSIVE INDEX
drawer, BC42, 63, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, router, RS8, 11, 29
95 shaper, RS42
drawer brackets, BIC30, 57 Hemlock, WWM19, 24, 33
Euro-hinge, BIC72, 74 Herringbone cutting board, BS66, 67
extension slides, DB44, 71, 72, 74, 75 Hickory, WWM14, 17, 18, 28, 29
feet, BC42, 103 Hide glue, GC6, 7, 11, 14, 80, 81
flush mounts, DB39 High-speed steel, RS22; TS10
handles, BC42, 63, 85 Hinge mortise, BC 38-40, 41, 99, 100;
hinges, BC 38-40, 41, 85, 99, 100, BIC73
103; DB40, 5 2-54 Hinges
joint connectors, DB36 European-style, J W 118, 119
knobs, BC42 wooden, JW 83
knock-apart biscuits, DB37 Hobbyist workbench, W SF18
knock-down, DB25, 27, 35, 36-39, 41 Hold-down, DP17, 72, 73; GC25, 109, 110;
lid, BC 38-40, 41, 42, 85, 99, 100, 103 JF 10, 11, 21, 47, 53-57; SS3, 11, 12, 42,
lid supports, BC41, 99, 100, 103 44, 48, 76, 88, 89, 91, 92; TS17
locks, BC42 go-bar, W SF42, 4 4 -4 6
Minifix fittings, DB37 holdfast, W SF29, 41, 116
pivots, BC38, 40 L-shaped cleat, W SF16, 17, 31
post and screws, DB36 pinch dog, W SF41
pulls, BC42, 95 rope brake, W SF42
screw blocks, DB39 spring pole, W SF42
shelving brackets, DB41, 44 Hold-down for shaper, RS83
slide-on connectors, DB39 Holdfast, GC25; W SF29, 41, 116
slides, BC70, 71, 72, 74, 75 Holding a paint brush, F70
slide-together fittings, DB38 Holding jig, JF 57, 58
snap-together fittings, DB37, 38 Holes, making, JW 2 8 -2 9 , 45 -4 6
standards and brackets, DB31, 46 Hole saw, DP7, 11, 13, 50, 51
standards and clips, BIC78, 79 Holding the router, RS32
support pins, BIC78 Haunched mortise-and-
Hollow
tenon joint
surface-mount hinge, BIC72, 73 grinder, S32, 33, 36, 39, 95-106, 116
taper connectors, DB39 grinding, S6, 7, 12, 33, 36, 51-53, 95,
threaded inserts, DB37 103,105
wire supports, BIC79; DB46 Hollow-ground blade, TS10, 11, 12, 24
wrap-around hinge, BIC72 Hollow-ground planer blade, JW 31
Haunched mortise and tenon, BIC72; Holly, WWM14, 28
JW 62, 75, 76, 117-118 Honing, S2, 12, 18, 19, 26, 33, 36, 39, 40,
Hazards of finishing chemicals, F13, 17-19, 44, 47, 48, 52, 60, 64, 66, 78, 79, 82-84,
2 0 ,2 1 ,5 4 , 68, 85 9 3 ,1 1 4
Hazel, WWM30 Honing guide, JF 49; S12, 27-30, 44, 45,
Head, drill press, DP3, 5, 7, 8, 33, 34, 37, 55 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 58, 59, 67-69,
Heat resistance, F27, 28 116
Height Hook angle, TS9, 10, 11
blade, TS23, 24 Hooks, peg board, W SF26, 27, 28, 58
gauge, TS66, 67, 69, 70 Hook teeth, S25
Height adjuster, AR34, 35, 40, 41, 43, 66, Horizontal boring machine, DP63, 77 Honing guides
67, 68, 72 Horsepower, TS8
Height-adjustment fence, JF 62, 80-83 Hot-melt glue, GC6, 10, 11, 14, 19, 80, 81
Height adjustment for House paint, F10
joint-making jig, RSI 10 HVLP sprayer, F75
overhead routing jig, R S I7 Hydrogen peroxide, F61
S— S h a r p e n i n g ; SP— S a n d i n g a n d P l a n i n g ; SS— U s i n g t h e S c r o l l
J W — - J o in i n g W o o d ; R S — R o u t i n g a n d S h a p i n g ; Saw ;
TC— TS— U s i n g t h e T a b l e S a w ; WSF— W o r k b e n c h e s a n d S h o p F u r n i t u r e ;
M a k in g T a b le s a n d C h a i r s ;
WWM— W o o d a n d W o o d w o r k i n g M a t e r i a l s
24 COMPREHENSIVE INDEX
I Joinery
back cut, FC51, 69, 78
Incra jig, AR15 basic cuts, JW 2 8 -4 7
Incremental positioning jig, JF 46 bevel, TC22
Indexing, AR53, 54, 56, 57, 60, 61, 62, 65, biscuit, BIC55, 56; DB41, 42, 43;
92 GC51; TC47
Indexing wheel, RS86, 87 box, BC 23-27, 28, 29, 30-3 3 , 57, 98
India stone, S17, 19, 22, 24 bridle joint, BC46, 47, 49; BIC71;
Indicator, kerf, TS26, 27 DB49; GC54, 55; SS53, 70, 72
Induction motor, RS8, 19; TS8 butt joint, BC24, 25, 57, 67; DB44, 68,
Inlay, SS2, 3, 67, 68 70; FC51, 61, 67, 6 9 ,7 0 ,7 1 ,7 3 ,
Inlaying 77-79
banding, A R75-77 chamfer, TC48, 54, 66, 67, 120
marquetry, AR75, 79, 80 cleat, BC28, 29, 40, 60, 72, 9 0-92
matching recesses and inlays, AR78 coped joints, AR2, 24-27; BC47, 50;
An inshave carves concave materials, AR74, 75, 7 9-84
shapes
FC72, 77, 78, 80, 82, 84, 8 9-92, 94,
parquetry, AR75 114, 120, 1 2 1 ;S S 5 3 ,6 9 , 70, 71
shapes, A R79-82 copingjoints, HT23, 30
sulphur, AR82, 83 corner joint, BC24, 25-28, 63, 65;
wire, AR82, 83, 84 SS71
Insert(s) cuts, BS16, 19, 22
dadoing, TS64, 65 cutting, HT27, 28, 29, 36
molding, TS64, 65 dado, BC24, 25, 57, 59-61, 65, 67, 82,
table, TS3, 32 83, 110-113; BIC44, 53, 54, 62, 63,
Inserts for router mounting plate, RS12, 13 113; DB41, 42, 68, 70, 73, 76, 77,
Inshave, HT46 113-115, 118, 119; HT7, 44, 45,
Inside shapes, AR30 4 8 ,9 1 ,9 7 , 100, 101, 118; TC22,
Inspection 101
light, F33, 34, 35 dovetail, BC9, 23, 25, 27, 32, 33, 61,
surface, F 32-34 64, 66, 67, 70, 86, 90, 91, 93-95,
Intarsia, SS3, 53, 63, 65, 66, 67, 71 102; BS74, 84, 87-90, 108, 110;
Interior cuts, SS3, 8, 13, 35, 38, 40, 48, 49, DB41, 42, 56, 68, 69, 113; GC59;
Intarsia 51, 52 HT23, 27, 67, 117; SS53, 72; TC20,
overarm router, R S I5 2 1 ,4 0
Interlocking joints, JW 3, 4, 80 -9 4 dovetail joints, AR2, 7, 13, 17
International style, TC9, 11 dowel, BC33, 55, 59; BIC55, 56, 71;
Interphase in glue joint, GC3, 42 DB41, 49, 117; DP69, 78-80;
Invention of router, RS2 GC51, 62; TC20, 21, 36, 41, 56, 59,
Invention of table saw, TS2 6 1 ,9 5
Ipe, WWM24 drawer, B C 63-68, 82, 83, 93, 102,
Iroko, WWM24 114
drawer lock joint, AR25, 27
j edge joints, GC50, 51
end lap, GC54, 55, 62
Jacaranda, WWM38 examples of simple, JW 47
Jack, router, RS11 finger glue joint, AR27
Jack plane, S49; SP73, 91 finger joints, AR2, 7, 13, 14, 16; BC25,
Jacobean style, TC8, 10 27, 28, 67, 70, 96, 98, 99; BS74, 84,
Jelutong, WWM19, 36, 37 85, 86, 87, 117, 121; DB56, 68, 69,
Drawer lock joint Jeweler’s rouge, S26 113; GC55, 59; TC53
Jigsaw, SS5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 14-16, 19-21, 70 floating joint, GC37, 62
WWM— W o o d a n d W o o d w o rk in g M a te r ia ls
26 COMPREHENSIVE INDEX
L Lids
cut-off, BC34, 35, 36, 80, 82, 99
L-beam fence, JF 3 2 , 33 fitted, BC7, 3 4-37
L-bevel, S46 fulcrum, BC34
L-shaped cleat, W SF16, 17, 31 hardware, BC 38-40, 41, 42, 85, 99,
Labels, finish, F 1 4 -16 100,103
Lacewood, WWM24 hinged, BC34, 38, 39, 40
Lacquer, F10 hinges, BC 38-40, 41, 85, 99, 100
applying, F72 molded lip, BC34, 35
brushing, F10, 72 one-piece boxes, BC3, 6, 7, 8, 9,
spray, F10, 75, 78, 98 14-17, 18
water-reducible, F10 pivots, BC38, 40
Lamb’s wool, F88 rabbeted, BC34
Laminate (see also Plastic laminate) six-board boxes, BC23, 34-40, 80, 82,
as countertop material, BIC85, 86, 90 83, 85, 99, 100, 103 Polishing with a lamb’s wool
cutting guide, BIC91, 92, 94 bonnet
sliding, BC35, 36
installation, BIC86, 91, 92-96, 120, 121 supports, BC41, 99, 100, 103
sink cutout, BIC96 Light, inspection, F33, 34, 35
trimming, BIC92, 93, 94 Lime, F56
Laminate cutting guide, BIC91, 92, 94 Linseed oil, F I 0, 11
Laminate-cutting jig, GC85, 86 Liquid filler, F10
Laminate trimmer, RS6, 70 Load, JW 4 -7
Lamination press, GC26 Loading finish on a brush, F69
Lap desk, DB3, 7, 56, 57, 61, 110-115 Locked miter joint, AR27
Lap marks, F57, 70, 71 Lock joint, BC64, 65, 67; BIC76; JW 81, 93,
Lap joint, BC115; BIC55, 56; JW 46, 47 94, 106; RS68, 96
Lapping plate, S24 Log carriage, BS68-73
Larch, WWM19, 34 Long fence extension, TS50, 52, 53
Large work, routing, RS25 Long grain, F32, 33, 59; JW 14
Latex paint, F10 Longitudinal movement, JW 7 Sanding a turning on the
exterior, F10 Long-reach C-clamp, JF 49, 53 lathe
interior, F10 Loose tenon
Lathe, JW 76, 77, 78 jig, BC 51-53
Lathe chuck, BC16, 17 joint, BC46, 47, 5 0 ,5 1 -5 4
Lathe sanding, SP63, 64 Low-speed grinder, S33, 34
Lathe tools, S12, 21, 25, 36, 39, 55, 56, 57, Lubrication, RS41, 42
58-60, 62, 63, 64, 67, 68, 94, 102, 103, Lumber
105, 107, 114 board feet, WWM44, 45, 50, 51
Lathe turning, A R52-73 clear, WWM48, 49, 50
Lauan, WWM19, 37, 69 common, WWM49, 50
Lawn mower blade, S33 cutting, WWM5, 6, 9, 13, 28, 31, 40,
Layout rule, dovetail, JW 85, 86, 90 . 41-43, 45-47, 51-55, 63, 68, 73, 103
Layout tools, JW 1 8 -1 9 drying, WWM31, 32, 40, 4 3 -4 5 , 47,
Leading face, S4 48, 51, 58, 59, 74
Leg vise, W SF33 firsts and seconds (FAS), WWM48, 49,
Leigh dovetail jig, AR17, 18, 19 50
Leigh Industries, RS63 grades, WWM40, 43, 44, 4 8 -5 1 , 74
Leigh jig, BC27 green, WWM10, 12, 14, 40, 43, 44, Locked miter joint
Letter desk, D B88-103 47, 58
Levels, HT7, 8, 11, 12 live-sawn, WWM5, 41, 42
Levers, JF 52, 53 longitudinal plane, WWM12
metal, SS3, 7, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, epoxy, F68
38, 44 pigment stains, F59
particleboard, SS41, 42, 44, 71 spray-on finish, F76
plastic, SS7, 16, 1 9 -2 1 ,4 4 , 58 wax, F89, 90
plywood, SS15, 18, 20, 41, 42, 43, 44, wipe-on finish, F67
71 Mobile tools
softwood, SS15, 41 carpenter’s tote, W SF69
veneer, SS7, 18, 19, 44, 58, 63, 64, 65 carryall, W SF69
Materials, finishing, F10 casters, W SF6, 63-67, 87, 92, 109,
Material safety data sheet, F I 4 -1 6 116
Meat cleaver, S6 clamp caddy, W SF7, 72
Mechanical bonds, F12, 13 clamping work station, W SF7
Mechanic’s vise, W SF37, 38 fitted wedge, W SF65, 67
Compound miter cut on the table
Metal, BS6, 7, 10, 15, 17, 18, 22, 31 retractable feet, W SF64, 66 saw
Microbevel, S51, 52, 60, 115 stepped wedge, W SF65, 67
Micro sharpening, S51 tool chest, W SF68, 69, 70
Milk paint, F23, 24, 106 wedge jack, W SF65, 67
Mill file, S25, 73; SP81 wheelbarrow stand, W SF66
Mill marks, F33; RS3 Model cement, GC4
Miniature Chest, R S90-96 Modern style, TC9, 11
Miniature Mule Chest, F 92-98 Modification, surface, F3, 6, 51-63
Miniature router, RS6, 7 Molded
Miniature table saw, TS5 edges, RS78, 79
Mirror-image miters, TS60 shapes, RS75, 76, 77
Mission style, DB21, 109; TC9, 11 Molder, TS17, 63
Miter, SS71 knives for, TS17, 73, 74, 76
compound, TS61, 62, 112, 113 Molder/planer, SP25, 26
cuts, JW 3 8 -3 9 Molding, JW 12, 50, 99-100; T S 64-66,
cutting, T S 59-62 73-76, 107
mirror-image, TS60, 61 backbanding, FC67
Using a miter gauge on a
.jig ,JW 40-41 base, FC76 router table
joint, BC24, 25, 26, 30-33, 57, 100, baseboard, FC6, 14, 15, 48, 66, 76, 77,
119; JW 47 78, 7 9 ,8 0
Miter assembly jig, J F 59 beam, FC85, 89, 91, 92, 94
Miter box, HT28 bed, FC76, 8 0 ; RS77
Miter clamp, GC24, 60, 61, 62, 104-107 board edges and ends, TS74, 75
Miter gauge, AR4, 5, 26, 103, 108; BS4, 11, board faces, TS75
12, 44, 45, 46; RS36, 37, 43, 44, 102, built-up, FC76
109, 1 1 1 ;T S 3, 9, 4 1 ,6 6 cap, FC76, 80, 89, 91-93
adjustment, TS23, 59 5 ceiling, FC6, 16, 76, 80-82
compensating for play, JW 31 chair rail, FC15, 76, 77
extension, JF 6 , 38; TS41, 47, 48, 49, complex, RS75, 76, 77, 82-85
8 4 ,8 5 coped end, FC72
ganging, TS42 corner blocks, FC67, 71
replacement, TS15 cornice, FC76, 81
slots, TS3, 9 cove, FC60, 76, 80, 81
stop, TS46, 47, 49, 59, 68 crown, FC15, 76, 80, 81; RS76
testing angle of, TS24, 25, 59, 61 curved, RS77, 78, 79
Miter gauge face, W SF98 definition, RS2
Mixing design, RS75, 76, 77 Molding made from
brands of finish, F30 face, FC67, 89 multiple router bits
Pegboard, W SF9, 26, 27, 28, 58, 59, 68, 71, compass, HT48, 49
76, 77 edge, HT43
Pegging a mortise-and-tenon joint, JW 3, edge-trimming, HT44
79 European, HT38
Peg rail, W SF75, 76 fielding, HT48
Pegs, W SF26, 28, 58 fillister, HT43
Penetrating finish, F42 finger, HT37
Penetration of finishes, F25, 28, 59, 66, 67 hand, HT11, 36, 37, 40, 41, 45, 48,
Pennsylvania German style, TC9, 11 80; JW 2 0 -2 1 , 22
Pentagonal cross section, BIC3, 4, 33 hollow, HT4, 48, 49
Permeability, F26, 28 iron, HT37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45,
Peroba rosa, WWM24 4 8 ,5 1 ,5 3 ,5 4 , 7 5 ,7 9 ,8 0 ,9 1 - 9 3 ,
Pewter rack, JW 9 6 -1 0 0 95-97; S2, 5, 8, 1 4 ,2 1 ,2 7 , 2 8 ,3 6 ,
Pigeonhole, DB7, 11, 63, 67, 72, 76, 77, 78, 37, 39, 4 3 -5 4 , 55, 56, 94, 95, 103,
Compass plane adjusts for 8 0 ,8 1 ,8 8 107
concave and convex shapes
Pigment, F 10, 42, 43 jack, HT37, 3 8 ,5 1
stain, F42, 43, 52, 53, 54, 58, 59 Japanese, HT38
Pillar file, SP81 jointer, HT37
Pilot bearings, RS33 lubricating, HT54
Pilot bushings, RS33 making, H T 91-96
Piloted bits, JW 45; RS32, 33 match, HT48, 49
Pin, starting, RS32, 33, 44, 45 molding, HT48, 49, 102
Pin block, AR34 palm, HT37, 38
Pinch dogs, GC27; W SF41 panel-raising, HT48, 49
Pinch point, SS12 rabbet, HT42, 43
Pine, WWM19, 33, 34, 35, 67 router, HT44, 45, 91, 92, 9 5 -9 7 ; JW 44
Pin routing, BC6, 7, 10-13; DP87 scraper, HT45, 47
accessories, AR34, 35 scrub, HT4, 38, 51
jigs and fixtures, A R34-40; BC7, shaping, HT48, 49
10-13 sharpening, HT51
Shoulder plane techniques, AR32, 33 -3 5 , 103 shoulder, HT43, 91-95
template, AR32, 33 side-rabbet, HT44, 45
Pins, dovetail, JW 85 smooth, HT37, 38, 51
Pin-sanding jig, SP69, 70 stop rabbet, HT43
Pipe clamp, GC21, 22, 50, 96 -9 8 storage, HT54
Pipe clamp rack, GC69, 71; JF 2 9 surfacing, H T36-39
Pitman arm, SS3, 4, 5, 10, 36, 80, 81, 83, trimming plane, H T42-45
9 1 ,9 2 try plane, HT37, 3 8 ,5 1
Pivot, A R41-48; SS3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 36, 37, tuning, HT53
75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 84 -8 6 , 90-92 using, HT40, 4 1 ,4 2 ,9 7
Pivoting jig, SS85 Planer
Pivot jig, SP100; SS118 adjusting bed roller height, SP29, 30,
Plane(s), S5, 6, 8, 9, 12. See also Hand plane 31
aligning and adjusting, HT53, 54 adjusting feed roller pressure, SP31, 37
anatomy, HT37 adjusting pressure bar, SP31, 32, 37
bench, HT37, 38, 3 9 ,4 1 ,4 5 alignment and adjustment, SP24, 29,
blind nail, HT84, 85 3 0 ,3 1 ,3 2 ,3 3 ,3 7
block, HT37, 38 anti-kickback pawls, SP24
bullnose, HT43, 92; JW 43 bed roller, SP24, 29, 30, 31, 37, 38
Side-rabbet plane trims the ver chisel, HT43, 44 chip breaker, SP24
tical walls of dadoes and rabbets combination, HT48, 49 construction, SP29
Raised panel, BC46, 55, 56, 98; TS78, 79, antique finish, F24
108, 109 epoxy, F10, 68
Raising the grain, F44, 56, 57 waterborne, F10, 19, 23, 72, 78
Rake angle, S5 Resistance
Random orbit sander, F38, 39 chemical, F27, 28
Rasps heat, F27, 28
cabinet, SP79, 82 water, F27, 28
crank-neck, SP82 Resorcinol glue, GC6, 9, 14, 36
cut, SP79, 80, 81 Respirator, F18
file card, SP80 Retractable feet, W SF64, 66
maintenance, SP79, 80 Reversible push stick, TS29
needle, SP82 Riffler, SP82 Pivot fence for resawing
patternmaker’s, SP82, 93 Rip blade, TS10, 12, 13
riffler, SP82 Rip fence, TS3, 9
round, SP82 Ripping, BS12, 16, 19, 22; T S50-55
sculpting, SP82 Rip saw, S74, 75, 78
shape, SP79, 8 1 ,8 2 guide block, S75
tooth pattern, SP79, 81 Riser block, BS11, 12, 13
type, SP79, 82 Rococo Revival style, TC9, 11
use, SP78, 7 9 ,8 0 ,8 2 Roller stand, TS33, 34, 35, 36, 37
wood, SP79, 82 Rolling table, TS16, 42
Rat-tail file, SP81 Rolling-table saws, TS6, 7
Razor blade, S6 Rolltop desk, DB11, 13, 58, 61, 63, 76, 77,
Reaction wood, JW 24; TS50 81
Reactive finish, F10, 11 Roman-style workbench, W SF16, 23
Rectangular cross section, BIC3 Rope brake, W SF42
Redwood, WWM19, 34 Rosewood, WWM19, 21, 24, 30, 35, 36,
Reeds, RS81 38, 39
Regulation, VOC, F19 Rotary planer, D P I6, 17
Reindeer project, BS76, 77 Rotary rasp, DP16, 18
Reinforced joints, JW 3, 4, 48 -6 0 Rotation of
Relative humidity, JW 7; W W M 10, 11, 12, bit, RS27, 28
1 5 ,4 4 , 5 0 ,5 1 ,5 9 cutter, RS42, 43
Removing runs and sags, F65 Roto-Vise, W SF38
Renaissance Revival style, TC9, 11 Rottenstone, F86; S25
Repair, surface, F 3 4-38 Roughing gouge, S60, 63
Reproducing antique finishes, F24 Round file, S25
Resawing Round guide, RS34
blade, BS55, 56 Round mortise and tenon, JW 62, 76, 77, 78
book matching, BS66 * Roundnose chisel, S63
feed rate, BS57, 58 Round rasp, SP82
Rotary rasps
fence, BS54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 64, Round stock, routing, RS15, 86, 87, 114,
70 116
history, BS2, 53 Routed Box, R S118-121
lumbering, BS47, 68-73 Router, JF 3 , 4, 16, 17, 27, 28-30, 32, 33,
pad sawing, BS66, 101 34, 35, 42, 48, 58, 66, 98, 108, 109, 110;
pivot, BS54, 55, 56-58, 61, 62, 63 JW 23, 24, 43, 64, 65, 66, 72, 106 '
preparation, BS55 anatomy, RS3, 4
techniques, BS16, 19, 20, 22, 53-68 arbor, RS7
troubleshooting, BS60, 61 base, RS8, 9
Resin, F2, 10 basic, RS6
W W M — W ood and W o o d w o r k in g M a t e r ia l s
36 COMPREHENSIVE INDEX
W W M — W ood and W o o d w o r k in g M a t e r ia l s
40 COMPREHENSIVE INDEX
WWM — W o o d a n d W o o d w o rk in g M a te r ia ls
42 COMPREHENSIVE INDEX
batten, TC34, 35, 37, 44, 45, 56, 57, picnic, TC 98-103
5 8 ,9 9 ,1 0 0 ,1 0 2 ,1 0 3 pins, TC56
bow-front sofa, T S 116-121 porringer, TC48
butcherblock top, TC45 portable, TC3, 4, 54, 116
butler’s, TC54 post, TC6, 35, 3 6-39
cabriole legs, TC8, 23, 30, 31, 32 rails, TC6, 18, 33, 34, 35, 36, 53, 98,
cleats, TC44, 56, 57, 58 9 9 ,1 0 0 ,1 0 1 ,1 0 2 , 103
clips, TC56, 57, 58 rectangular, TC12, 13
coffee, TC3, 4, 13, 53 rolling, TS16, 42
construction, TC3, 5 round, TC12, 1 3 ,3 3 ,4 9 ,5 0
corner braces, TC21, 22 sawbuck, TC34, 35, 98-103
cutting shapes, TC48 screw pockets, TC58, 120
designing, TC2 serving, TC3, 1 3 ,2 7 , 116
dimensions, TC2, 3, 8, 12-14, 17 shapes, TC2, 3, 12, 13
dining, TC2, 3, 12, 13, 37, 92, 116 side, T C 3 ,4 , 13, 116
display, TC3 size, TS8
drafting, TC4, 13 sizing, TC12, 13, 14
drill press, DP3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 16, 17, 19, slab top, TC5, 43, 4 4 -4 7
23, 24, 25, 29-31, 35, 37, 38, 49, slides, TC52, 55
50, 52, 54, 55, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, sliding, TS 15, 42, 92
64, 65, 68, 72, 73, 74, 77, 79, 82, Southern Tradition, TC8, 10-11
83, 84, 86, 87, 89, 92, 96-107, 120 Southwest Tradition, TC8, 10-11
drop-leaf, TC51, 52, 53, 54 space, TC5, 12, 13
Eastern Tradition, TC8, 10-11 spacers, TC99, 102, 103
edge profiles, TC48 specialty, TC3, 4, 13, 14 Leg-and-apron table
eveners, TC56 square, TC12, 13 construction
extension, TC5, 55, 56; TS3 square legs, TC23
fasteners, TC56, 57, 58, 66, 67 stand, TC2, 3, 4, 13, 27, 37
feet, TC6, 8, 35, 37, 40 styles, TC2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11
folding, T C 5 ,9 , 43, 5 1 ,5 2 , 54 American Empire, TC8, 11
Folk Tradition, TC9, 10-11 American Jacobean, TC8, 10
framework, TC18, 19, 34, 35 American Moderne, TC9, 11
gateleg, TC52, 53 Art Deco, TC9, 11
gluing stock, TC43, 44 -4 7 Art Furniture, TC9, 11
hanger bolts, TC21, 22, 38, 39 Arts and Crafts, TC9, 11
harvest, TC52 Chippendale, TC8, 10, 11, 23
hinges, TC51, 52, 54 Contemporary, TC8, 9, 11
history, TC2, 8, 9, 10, 1 1 ,9 8 Eastlake, TC9, 11
insert, TS3, 58, 65 Empire,-TC8, 11
knockdown, TC2, 21, 98 t Federal, TC9, 10, 11
leaves, TC5, 43, 44, 51, 52, 53, 54-56 Gothic Revival, TC9, 11
leg-and-apron construction, TC6, Handicraft Revival, TC9, 11
1 8 -2 0 ,3 3 ,5 7 , 58, 119, 120 International, TC9, 11
legs, TC6, 12-14, 18-25, 27-32, 33, Jacobean, TC8, 10
34, 35, 37, 38, 39-41, 52, 53, 55, 57, Mission, TC9, 11
5 8 ,9 8 , 99, 100-103, 116, 117-120 Modern, TC9, 11
Mission occasional, DPI 13-118 Oak, TC9, 11 Poringer table
nesting, T C I 16-120 Patent, TC9, 11
occasional, TC3, 4, 13, 14 Pennsylvania German, TC9, 11
oval, TC12, 13 Post-Modern, TC9, 11, 30
pedestal, TC6, 33, 37, 38, 42, 55-57 Primitive, TC8, 10
WWM — W o o d a n d W o o d w o rk in g M a te r ia ls
46 COMPREHENSIVE INDEX
WWM — W o o d an d W o o d w o rk in g M a te r ia ls
48 COMPREHENSIVE INDEX
heartwood, WWM3, 4, 9, 24, 2 6 -3 2 , split, WWM8, 43, 48, 58, 59, 60, 65,
34, 45, 49, 68, 118, 119 67, 68
imported, WWM14, 19, 20, 30, 35, springwood, WWM3, 21, 37, 65, 68
39, 67 stain, WWM8, 9, 45, 50, 67
insects, WWM8, 27, 33, 41, 45 stability, WWM4, 65, 66
interphase, GC3, 42 stiffness, WWM17, 18, 19
knotholes, WWM9, 50, 67 strength, WWM2, 4, 16 -1 8 , 19, 24,
knots, WWM8, 9, 34, 48, 49, 50, 65, 65, 68, 74
67, 68 structure, S6, 7, 8
longitudinal plane, WWM66 summerwood, WWM3, 21, 33, 34, 37,
microbes, WWM8, 23, 41 65, 68
microscopic differences, WWM21 tangential movement, W W M 12-14, 24
moisture content, GC36; WWM10, 11, tangential plane, WWM66
12, 13-15, 44, 45, 47, 48, 58, 74, 120 tannic acid, WWM23
mold, WWM8, 23, 45, 48 tannin content, WWM29
movement, F2; GC36, 37, 38, 39, 46; texture, WWM21, 22, 24-39
JW 4, 7 -13; WWM2, 10-1 4 , 17, 24, toxic, SP65, 68; WWM23, 24, 29, 31,
6 4 ,6 5 ,1 1 8 32, 34-36, 38, 39, 90
Oriental strand board, WWM72 truing, JW 2 5 -2 6
paneling, WWM9, 27, 33, 37 twist, WWM8, 64, 65
particleboard, WWM2, 3, 43, 59, 60, uses, WWM2 4-39
61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 70, 72, 73, 74, 85 warp, WWM8, 59, 60, 64, 65
pitch, WWM9, 23, 34, 35, 38, 45, 50 worm holes, WWM27
pith, WWM3, 4 Wooden hinge, JW 83
plain-sawn, GC38, 39 Wooden screw, GC89, 90
pore, WWM21, 22 Wood Handbook, The, WWM 17 W ooden hinge
preparation, SP37, 38, 39, 40 Wood movement, BC23, 24, 28, 36, 37, 43,
preparing, JW 2 4 -2 6 50, 58, 59, 61, 68, 69, 75; T C 44-46
properties, WWM17, 24-39, 74 Wood storage, W SF3, 4, 68, 78, 79, 80
putty, F34, 37 Wood Werks Supply, RS4
quarter-sawn, GC38, 39 Wooten desk, DB11, 12
quilted figure, WWM7, 28 Workbench
radial movement, WWM12, 13, 14, 24 beam and trestle, W SF22
radial plane, WWM66 bench dogs, W SF17-20, 29, 31, 32,
rasp, SP79, 82 33, 39-41, 43, 45, 116
ray flecks, WWM6, 21 bin, W SF19, 28, 48, 105
rays, WWM4, 6, 7, 21, 22, 29, 30, 103 brake, W SF21
reaction, JW 24; WWM8 butcherblock top, W SF23, 27, 110,
ribbon figure, WWM7, 25, 37 111
rot, WWM8, 23, 90 cabinet, W SF25, 28
sap pockets, WWM27, 44 cabinetmaker’s, JW 1 11-121; W SF17,
sapwood, WWM3, 4, 9, 24, 2 6 -3 2 , 19, 33
3 4 ,4 5 ,5 0 , 68, 118, 119 carver’s, W S F 19, 20, 21
shake, WWM8, 48 carving pedestal, W SF21
shop environment, GC36 Workbench
softwood, WWM9, 14, 19, 2 0 -2 2 , 32, construction, W SF23-28, 105-116- M odern cabinetm aker’s
44, 48, 49, 50, 74 cupboard, WSF 18, 68 workbench
spalted, WWM9 design, W SF2, 3, 8, 17-22, 27, 105
species, GC13, 42, 46, 47, 54, 73 drawer, W SF18, 26, 105
specific gravity, GC12, 13; WWM17, frame, W SF23, 25, 27, 28, 106
18, 19, 2 4 -3 9 , 65, 68, 69 German-style, W SF 17
W W M — W ood and W o o d w o r k in g M a t e r ia l s
52 COMPREHENSIVE INDEX
Note: Page numbers are preceded by initials indicating which book the references are found in. The shaded key
below lists each book with its initials.
ADJUSTABLE BOW-FRONT
BOOKSHELVES SOFA TABLE
ADJUSTABLE BROKEN
SHOP STOOL HEART BOX
CANDLESTAND COMPOUND-CUT
CHESS SET
This Shaker-inspired table
stands sturdily on three legs, With the right technique, a
no matter how uneven your band saw can be a sculptor’s
floor. Sliding routed dove tool. All these chess pieces
tails jo in the legs to the and the box-jointed
turned column. board/storage container were
RS112 cut on the band saw.
BS114
GRANDMOTHER HERRINGBONE
CLOCK_________________ CUTTING BOARD
This clock has all the fea The ultimate project for
tures of a grandfather using up “scrap” wood,
clock— scrolled bonnet, this cutting board can
glass-doored pendulum case, be made using any
mechanical works— but is variety of woods you
more manageable in size. have in your scrap bin.
WWM92 WWM89
W W M — W ood and W o o d w o r k in g M a t e r ia l s
58 PROJECT INDEX
MISSION NOAH’S
OCCASIONAL TABLE BANDSAWED ARK
W W M — W ood and W o o d w o r k in g M a t e r ia l s
60 PROJECT INDEX
TIP-AND-TURN TABLE
Note: Page numbers are preceded by initials indicating which book the references are found in. The shaded
key below lists each book with its initials.
Three small strips of wood are This jig will help you true up
all that’s needed to make this the sides and ends of a
useful tool for finding the drilled-out mortise. It’s held
center point of cylinders and in a vise along with the
small, round parts. workpiece and adjusts for
HT19 different size stock.
DP71
i
CHAIR POST CHISEL RACK
ROUTING JIG
This box keeps chisels
This jig holds a organized and their
chair’s back post at edges protected. It has
the slight angle a base for free
needed for routing standing use.
the rail mortises. HT76
TC62
i
CIRCLE-ROUTING COMBINATION GAUGE
SLIDING TABLE
Here’s a tool that combines a
With this auxiliary sliding marking gauge, a cutting
table jig, you can precisely gauge, and two mortising
rout circles as small as 3 gauges. They function inde
inches in diameter on your pendently so you can keep
router table. multiple settings when laying
RS39; see also AR41 out any joint.
HT115
Use this jig to glue delicate This sliding cutoff jig lets
right-angle assemblies or you crosscut long and wide
ones that can’t be clamped boards more accurately than
directly. you can using just a miter
JF60 gauge. It includes a sliding
stop for convenient repetitive
cuts, as well as an acrylic
chip guard.
JW 32
DISC-AND-DRUM DOVETAIL
SANDER____________ LAYOUT RULE
Use your foot to operate both Keep all your drill bits
the On/Off switch and the organized and close at
quill on a drill press. This hand with this storage
device frees both hands for tray. It mounts to the
increased safety and accuracy. drill press and can be
DP40 removed for bench
use.
DP21
With this table you can accu This table gives you a pro
rately drill into the end grain fessional drum-sanding
of a workpiece for doweling setup on your drill press,
and mortising. plus a built-in dust-collec
DP64 tion port. Made from ply
wood, it has collar inserts
for different size drums.
DP83; see also JF24
WSF73
Use this jig with the Auxiliary For very narrow rip cuts,
Fence (this page) to eliminate this fence straddler acts
the difficulty of clamping as both a push stick and
featherboards to a machine a hold-down.
table. The featherboard slides TS55
anywhere along the fence and
locks securely.
JF69
FLUSH-TRIM GO-BARS
ROUTER BASE
These go-bars make it easy
This scrapwood router base to clamp a broad surface,
plate lets you trim glued-on like a veneered panel,
edgings so they’re perfectly against a benchtop. The
flush with case parts or bars are tightened between
countertops, eliminating the workpiece and a U-
tedious hand planing and shaped frame that’s clamped
sanding. to the bench.
RS51; see also BIC68 WSF42
MALLETS, MORTISE-
CARPENTER’S AND-TENON JIG
AND CARVER’S
You can rout both mortises
Here are two sturdy, and tenons with this single
simple tools you’ll use a jig. Both functions are done
lot. These mallets are with a template guide, and
designed for balance. the template itself is inter
HT103 changeable for different size
mortise-and-tenon joints.
AR9
OVERHEAD PATTERN-SAWING
ROUTING JIG GUIDE____________
Certain routing opera Similar to routing with
tions—like fluting or a template, this jig lets
beading a cylinder—are best you saw a workpiece to
done with the router fixed match a template using
above the work. This jig the table saw.
gives you overarm routing TS86; see also BIC46
capability at minimal cost.
RS16; see also JF3
J W — -Jo in in g W o o d ; R S — R o u t in g a n d S h a p in g ; S — S h a r p e n in g ; S P — S a n d in g a n d P l a n in g ; S S — U s in g t h e S c r o l l S a w ;
T C — M a k in g T a b l e s a n d C h a ir s ; T S — U s in g t h e T a b l e S a w ; W S F — W o r k b e n c h e s a n d S h o p F u r n it u r e ;
W W M — W o o d a n d W o o d w o r k in g M a t e r ia l s
78 JIG AND FIXTURE INDEX
PUSHER RESAWING
PIVOT FENCE
This is an indispensable
safety device, useful on the A single-point pivot resaw
table saw, jointer, and router fence is the best type for gen
table. It combines a nose eral resawing. This one is
notch, rear notch, and a 45 simple to make from a few
degree V-notch, so you can scraps and is easy to clamp
safely push stock of all in place.
shapes and size. BS63
JF63
ROUTER ROUTER
HEIGHT ADJUSTOR MOUNTING PLATE
This jig makes fine-tuning With this acrylic mounting
the bit height on a router plate, you can install your
table much easier. It attaches router from above a router
to any plunge router—even table, giving you easy access
when it’s not in a table—and for changing bits. The mul
makes height adjusting tiple inserts let you vary the
simple. bit opening for any size bit.
JF109 RS12
Make your own scroll saw This sturdy stand will hold
blade-changing fixture your scroll saw and accessories.
from a few blocks of hard Patterns, manuals, and spare
wood. Cutouts in the plate blades fit in the long, shallow
hold the clamps while you drawers, and a bottom bin
tighten the locking screws. holds 150 pounds of sand to
absorb vibration.
SS23
SS93
WHEELBARROW WORKSHOP
STAND_________________ SAWMILL
This is the easiest, least This device lets you take a
expensive, and most versatile rough log and cut it into a
approach to making a tool or stack of boards. The log is
cabinet mobile. It takes two always secured to the mill,
casters instead of four and which has a lip that rides
sits solidly on the ground against the table edge.
until you need to move it. WWM52
WSF63
T h ese percentages indicate how much you can when it releases all of its bound water (from 28
expect a green board to shrink across the grain percent moisture content to completely dry)
90
REFERENCE CHARTS 91
W o o d H azards
While prolonged exposure to all types of sawdust — respiratory and skin and eye ailments. Respira
can be unhealthy, certain species may cause physical tory problems include bronchial disorders, asthma,
problems after a short exposure. These are classi rhinitis, and mucosal irritations. Skin and eye
fied as toxic woods. reactions include dermatitis, conjunctivitis, itching,
Reactions to toxic woods fall into two categories and rashes.
Toxic W o o d s a n d P o t e n t i a l H e a l t h R is k s
RESPIRA TO RY SKIN AND EY E
S P E C IE S A ILM EN TS IRRITATION
Arborvitae X
Ayan X
Blackwood, African X
Boxwood X X
Cashew X
Cedar, Western Red X X
Cocobolo X
Cocus X
Dahoma X
Ebony X X
Greenheart X X
Guarea X
Iroko X X
Katon X
Lacewrood X X
Lapacho X X
Mahogany, African X X
Mahogany, Honduras X X
Makore X X
Mansonia X X
Obeche , X X
Opepe X X
Peroba Rosa X X
Peroba, White X X
Ramin X
Redwood . X
Rosewood, Brazilian ■X
Rosewood, Indian X
Satinwood X
Sneezewood X
Stavewood X
Sucupira ' X
Teak X
Wenge X X
92 REFERENCE CHARTS
R elative W ood S tr en g th s
There are several important ways to measure wood Stiffness (3) is determined by applying a load to a
strengths. When choosing a wood species, you large beam until it deflects a specific amount. This
should first decide what kind of strength you’re is usually given in millions of pounds per square
looking for. Engineers measure the compressive inch (Mpsi). To find the hardness (4), engineers
strength (1) by loading a block of wood parallel to measure the force needed to drive a metal ball
the grain until it breaks, and the bending strength halfway into a wooden surface. This force is
(2) by loading a block perpendicular to the grain. recorded in pounds (lbs). In each case, the higher
Both are expressed in pounds per square inch (psi). the number, the stronger the wood.
COMPRESSIVE BENDING
SPECIFIC STRENGTH STRENGTH STIFFNESS HARDNESS
SPECIES GRAVITY (psi) (psi) (Mpsi) (lbs)
Domestic Hardwoods
Alder, Red .41 5,820 9,800 1.38 590
Ash, White 60 7,410 15,000 1.74 1,320
Aspen (Cottonwood) .38 4,250 8,400 1.18 350
Basswood .37 4,730 8,700 1.46 410
Beech .64 7,300 14,900 1.72 1,300
Birch, White .55 5,690 12,300 1.59 910
Birch, Yellow .62 8,170 16,600 2.01 1,260
Butternut .38 5,110 8,100 1.18 490
Cherry .50 7,110 12,300 1.49 950
Chestnut .43 5,320 8,600 1.23 540
Elm .50 5,520 11,800 1.34 830
Hickory .72 9,210 20,200 2.16 N/A*
Maple, Hard .63 7,830 15,800 1.83 1,450
Maple, Soft ■54 6,540 13,400 1.64 950
Oak, Red .63 6,760 14,300 1 82 1,290
Oak, White .68 7,440 15,200 1.78 1,360
Pecan .66 7,850 13,700 1.73 1,820
Poplar, Yellow .42 5,540 10,100 1.58 540
Sassafras .46 4,760 9,000 1.12 N/A*
Sweetgum .52 6,320 12,500 1.64 850
Sycamore .49 5,380 10,000 1.42 770
Tupelo .50 5,520 9,600 1.20 810
Walnut .55 7,580 14,600 1.68 1,010
Willow .39 4,100 7,800 1.01 N/A*
1 2 3 4
COMPRESSIVE BENDING
SPECIFIC STRENGTH STRENGTH STIFFNESS HARDNESS
SPECIES GRAVITY (psi) (psi) (Mpsi) (lbs)
Domestic Softwoods
Cedar, Aromatic Red .47 6,020 8,800 .88 900
Cedar, Western Red .32 4,560 7,500 1.11 350
Cedar, White .32 3,960 6,500 .80 320
Cypress .46 6,360 10,600 1.44 510
Fir, Douglas .48 7,230 12,400 1.95 710
Hemlock .45 7,200 11,300 1.63 540
Larch .52 7,620 13,000 1.87 830
Pine, Ponderosa .40 5,320 9,400 1.29 460
Pine, Sugar .36 4,460 8,200 1.19 380
Pine, White .35 4,800 8,600 1.24 380
Pine, Yellow .59 8,470 14,500 1.98' 870
Redwood .35 5,220 7,900 1.10 420
Spruce, Sitka .40 1 5,610 10,200 1.57 510
Imported Woods
Bubinga .71 10,500 22,600 2.48 2,690
Jelutong .36 3,920 7,300 1.18 390
Lauan .40 7,360 12,700 • 1.77 780
Mahogany, African .42 6,460 10,700 1.40 830
Mahogany, Genuine .45 6,780 11,500 1.50 800
Primavera .40 5,600 9,500 1.04 660
Purpleheart .67 10,320 19,200 2.27 1,860
Rosewood, Brazilian .80 9,600 19,000 1.88 2,720
Rosewood, Indian .75 9,220 16,900 1.78 3,170
Teak .55 8,410 14,600 1.55 1,000
94 REFERENCE CHARTS
Tr y Th iz Trick
Grind pieces of Arkansas and oilstone to any
shape you want on a diamond bench stone. Use a
coarse diamond stone to create the rough shape, then
smooth the surfaces with finer grades.
S h a r p e n in g S t o n e s
TYPE ABRASIVE BONDING AGENT AVAILABLE GRADES
OF STONE MATERIAL OR PROCESS (U.S. GRIT) COLORS
Arkansas Stones Novaculite (quartz) Geologic heat and Washita (350) Multicolored
compression Soft Arkansas (500) Gray with
green specks
Hard white (700) White
Hard black (900) Black
Synthetic Oilstones Aluminum oxide Resin, sodium Coarse India (100) Brown or tan
(India) and silicon silicate Coarse Crystolon (100) Gray or black
carbide (Crystolon)
Medium Crystolon (180) Gray or black
Medium India (240) Brown or tan
Fine India (280) Brown or tan
Fine Crystolon (280) Gray or black
Waterstones Aluminum oxide or Clay 250 Extra coarse (180) Tan, brown,
silicon carbide 800 Coarse (400) or gray
1.000 Medium coarse (500)
t 1,200 Medium (600)
4.000 Fine (900)
6.000 Extra fine (1,000)
8.000 Ultrafine (1,200)
Diamond stones Diamond dust Nickel (or another Coarse (240) Silver gray;
soft metal) fused Medium (320) plastic bases are
to a steel plate often color
Fine (600)
coded to help
Extra fine (1,200) identify grades
Tr y Th is Trick
Using spray adhesive, stick sheets of aluminum
oxide or silicon-carbide sandpaper to finished hard
wood blocks to create a versatile, low-cost sharpening
system. Use 120-grit for coarse, 220 for medium,
320 for fine, and 600 for ultrafine. These abrasives
need no lubricants, although you can use water with
wet/dry silicon-carbide sandpaper. When the abrasive
becomes worn or loaded, simply peel up the old sheet
and stick down another.
CLEANER/ SPECIAL
COOLANT PREPARATION CARE CHARACTERISTICS
Light oil or water Soak in cleaner/coolant Wipe away dirty oil or water Long wearing; produces an
prior to using first time after each use; cover stone to extremely keen edge; oil helps
keep from drying; scrub clean to protect tools
with oil or kerosene
Light oil None required Wipe away dirty oil after each Extremely hard and long
use; scrub clean with oil or wearing; inexpensive; produces
kerosene serviceable edge; oil helps to
protect tools
Water Soak coarse and medium Rinse stones after each use; if Many grades available; fast
stones in water prior to stones are stored submerged, cutting; produces extremely
using change water occasionally and keen edge; wears quickly; must
keep from freezing be flattened more frequently
than other stones; water may
rust tools
None required None required Brush away filings; wipe Extremely long wearing; stays
occasionally with damp cloth flat; produces keen edge; can be
used to sharpen carbide; very
expensive
None required None required Wipe occasionally with damp Extremely long wearing; stays
cloth; scrub clean with soap flat; produces extremely keen
and water edge; no coarse grits available;
can be used to sharpen carbide;
moderately expensive
96 REFERENCE CHARTS
S t a n d a r d D e s k D im e n s io n s
DESKS
WORK
TYPE OF SURFACE OVERALL OVERALL OVERALL
DESK HEIGHT HEIGHT WIDTH DEPTH
18'-24"
*■
Slant-front desk
(N
00
S tandard T a b l e D im ensions
T h e dimensions shown for the following tables
are averages. They are intended as guidelines,
not absolutes. Use them as a jumping-off point
in designing your own tables.
S q uare T a ble R ectang ular T a ble
(SEATS 4) (SEATS 6)
DINING TABLES
NUMBER DEPTH
OF OR
SEATS HEIGHT LENGTH WIDTH
Square 2 27"-30" 24 26
" - " 24"-26"
4 27"-30" 3 0"-32" 30"-32"
8 27"-30" 4 8"-50" 4 8 "-5 0 "
Rectangular 2 27"-30" 24"-26" 30 "-3 2 "
O val T a ble R ound T a ble 6 27"-30" 30"-36" 6 6"-72"
(SEATS 6) (SEATS 4)
8 27"-30" 36"-42" 86 "-9 6 "
Round 2 27"-30" 2 4 "-2 6 " dia.
3 27"-30,/ 3 0 "-3 2 " dia.
4 2 7 '-3 0 " 36"-39" dia.
5 27"-30" 4 2 "-4 5 " dia.
6 27"-30" 4 8 "-5 2 " dia.
7 27"-30" 5 4 "-5 8 " dia.
8 27"-30" 6 2 "-6 6 " dia.
Oval 4 27"-30" 42"-48" 2 8 "-3 2 "
M inim um T a ble S pace R eq uired
fo r S in g le P erson
6 27"-30" 6 0 '-6 6 " 32"-3 6 "
8 27"-30" 72"-78" 4 8 "-5 2 "
WORKTABLES
USE HEIGHT LENGTH DEPTH
Food prep 34"-36" 30"-72" 23"-2 4 "
Serving 36"-42" 42"-6 0 " 15"-18"
Workbench 30"-40" 30"-72" 2 4"-30"
OCCASIONAL TABLES
USE HEIGHT LENGTH DEPTH
Coffee table 15'-18" 30"-60" 22"-3 0 "
End table 18"-24" 18"—24" 18"—24"
Hall table 34"-36" 36"-72" 16"-20"
Nightstand 24"-30" 1 8 '-2 0 " 18"-20"
Side table 18"—24" 24"-28" 18 "-2 0 "
Candlestand 24"-32" 15"—24" 15"—24"
SPECIALTY TABLES
USE HEIGHT LENGTH DEPTH
Child’s table 20 22
" - " 26"-30" 18"-22"
If you sit at a table, not only Computer table 25"-28" 36"-60" 22 "-3 0 "
must there be enough room on top Drafting table 32"-44" 31"-72" 2 3"-44"
of it, there should also be adequate Dressing table 29"-30" 4 0 "-48" 18"-22"
room underneath it. Leave at least 18 Game table 29"-30" 30"-32" 30"-32"
inches horizontally for toe room and Typing table 25"-28" 36"-42" 16"-24"
no less than 24 inches vertically for Writing table 28"-30" 36"-42" 2 0"-24"
your knees and thighs.
98 REFERENCE CHARTS
S t a n d a r d C a b in e t D im e n s io n s
Counter Unit
A. Depth ....................................................... 24" to 25"
B. Height.................................................................... 36"
C. Width ......................................................... 12" to 96"
D. Countertop thickness in kitchens
and bathrooms ..................................... lV/'tolVz"
Elsewhere ..............................................................3A"
E. Countertop overhang in kitchens and
bathrooms...................................................IV2" to 2"
Elsewhere .................................................. 3A" to 2"
E Backsplash height ........................................4" to 12"
G. Toespace depth ....................................................... 3"
H. Toespace height.......................................................4"
Wall Unit
I. Depth in kitchens ..................................... 12" to 13"
Elsewhere .................................................. 8" to 15"
J. Height in kitchens................................... 30" to 42"
Elsewhere ......................................................... Varies
K. Width ........................ '................................12" to 96"
L. Height above counter ...............................16" to 18"
Tall Unit
M. Depth ......................................................... 12" to 25"
N. Height......................................................... 60" to 84"
(or to ceiling)
O. Width ......................................................... 12" to 96"
R . Step-back or two-part design:
Step or split occurs 36" above floor
Corner Counter Unit
Q. Diagonal depth ..........................................43" to 45"
R. Width ....................................................... 26" to 38"
Corner Wall Unit
S. Diagonal depth .....................................................25"
T. Width .............................................. 23" to 24"
Doors
U. Height on base units ............................................ 26"
Elsewhere ......................................................... Varies
V Width .......................................... No more than 18"
Drawers
W Height of top drawer................................... 5" to 6"
Lower drawers become taller by 1" increments
up to 10"
X. Width ................................................................Varies
(often matches door above or below)
Shelves TALL UNIT
Y. Depth of shelves ........................................To fit unit
Z. Depth of half-shelves in counter unit . . . 10" to 12"
AA. Width . . ..................................................... Up to 36"
BB. Spacing....................................................... 8" to 16"
REFERENCE CHARTS 99
WALL
UNIT
Tr y Th is Trick
To find the most comfortable configuration for a
chair, make a mock-up from scraps of wood. Rest the
seat on bricks or blocks of wood until you find a
comfortable height and slope. Then add a back, lean
ing the boards against a wall.
S tandard C h a ir D im en sio n s
TOP VIEW
SIDE VIEW
D in ing /D e s k C hair
REFERENCE CHARTS 101
TO P VIEW
TO P VIEW
E a sy C h a ir R o cker
102 REFERENCE CHARTS
C hair W oods
Have you ever owned a store-bought chair with wood for parts that must withstand heavy loads,
joints that came apart no matter how you glued or such as legs, posts, rails, and stretchers. Use lighter,
reinforced them? Chances are, the errant chair parts softer woods for extremely thick parts such as chair
were made from the wrong wood species. seats and armrests. This will cut down on the weight
Wood selection is more important for chairs than of the chair without affecting the soundness of the
for any other woodworking projects. The joinery is structure. However, never join softwood to softwood
subjected to the worst kinds of stress; many surfaces in a chair — the joint won’t last.
suffer continual abrasion. The wood must be able to If you need to scoop or carve a chair part, make it
stand up to this punishment; otherwise, the chair will from a wood that can be easily sculpted. This same
come apart and no amount of glue can ever fix it. kind of common sense applies to chair parts that
There are several important rules of thumb for must be bent — choose a wood that bends easily
selecting chair woods. Most importantly, use hard
W o o d B o n d a b il it y
SPECIFIC
WOOD SPECIES GRAVITY* EXTRACTIVESt BONDABILITY
Alder, red .41 Medium Good
Ash, white .60 Low Satisfactory
Basswood .37 Low Good
Beech .64 Low Poor
Birch .60 Medium Poor
Butternut .38 Medium Good
Cedar, aromatic .37 High Good
Cedar, western .32 High Excellent
Cherry, black .50 Medium Satisfactory
Chestnut .43 Medium Excellent
Cypress .46 Low Excellent
Ebony .91 High Poor
Elm .50 Low Good
Fir .37 Medium Excellent
Hemlock .42 Medium Good
Hickory .72 Low Poor
Larch .52 Medium Excellent
Mahogany .45 High Good
Maple, hard .63 Low Poor
Maple, soft .48 Low Satisfactory
Oak, red .63 Medium Satisfactory
Oak, white .67 Low Satisfactory
Pecan .66 High Satisfactory
Pine, white .35 Medium Good
Pine, yellow .41 High Good
Poplar, yellow .42 Low Excellent
Redwood .35 High Excellent
Rosewood 1.00 High Poor
Spruce .37 Medium Excellent
Sycamore .49 Medium Satisfactory
Teak .55 High Poor
Tupelo .50 Medium Good
Walnut .55 High Satisfactory
Willow, black .39 Low Excellent
P r o p e r t ie s o f C om m on A d h esiv es
CLASSIFI GAP SANDA-
TYPE APPLICATIONS COST
CATION FILLING BILITY
Cooked Hide Nonstructural/ General interior woodworking; antique Fair Good Moderate
Glue Interior restoration; veneering; joinery that can be
easily disassembled
Liquid Hide Nonstructural/ General interior woodworking; complex Fair Good Economical
Glue Interior assemblies requiring long open time; joinery
that can be easily disassembled
Polyvinyl Nonstructural/ General interior woodworking Fair Poor Economical
Resin (White) Interior
Glue
Interior Nonstructural/ General interior woodworking; gluing oily Fair Fair Economical
Aliphatic Interior woods
Resin (Yellow)
Glue
Exterior Semistructural/ General interior woodworking; gluing oily Fair Fair Economical
Aliphatic Limited woods; kitchen and bathroom projects;
Resin (Yellow) Exterior outdoor furniture
Glue
Urea- Structural/ General woodworking; veneering; complex Poor Good Moderate to
Formaldehyde Limited assemblies requiring long open time; expensive,
(Plastic Resin) Exterior architectural structures; bent laminations depending on
Glue brand
Cyanoacrylate Nonstructural/ Small repairs; bonding nonporous materials Poor to fair, Fair Expensive
(Super) Glue Interior to wood; securing inlays depending
on formula
Quick-Set Semistructural/ Bathroom and kitchen projects; gluing oily Good Good Expensive
Epoxy Cement Limited woods; bonding nonporous materials to
Exterior wood; repairs
Slow-Set Structural/ Bathroom and kitchen projects; gluing oily Good Good Moderate to
Epoxy Cement Exterior woods; outdoor furniture; architectural expensive,
structures; boat building; bonding nonporous depending on
materials to wood; securing inlays; bent quantity bought
laminations
Resorcinol Structural/ Bathroom and kitchen projects; outdoor Good Good Expensive
Glue Exterior furniture; architectural structures; boat
building; bent laminations; complex
assemblies requiring long open time
Mastics Semistructural/ , Securing plywood, wallboard, or foam to Excellent Poor Economical
Lim ited. framing lumber, masonry, or concrete;
Exterior non-load-beanng architectural structures
Silicone Caulk Nonstructural/ Bonding nonporous materials to wood Good Poor Moderate
Interior
Contact Nonstructural/ Veneering; bonding plastic laminates to wood Poor Poor Moderate to
Cement Interior or wood products expensive,
depending on
quantity bought
Hot-Melt Glue Nonstructural/ Simple projects; small repairs; temporary Excellent Poor Economical
Interior assemblies; joinery that can be easily
disassembled
REFERENCE CHARTS 105
7 0 -1 0 0 ° 1 year 1 0 -2 0 1 2 -1 4 1 day Uncured glue is toxic to skin; cured glue dust (from
unmixed/ minutes hours sanding) is toxic when inhaled, so use adequate
3 -5 hours ventilation and protection; clean up with water
mixed
6 5 -1 8 0 ° Varies with 1 5 -3 0 1 2 -4 Despite its interior classification, it is water-resistant;
formula seconds minute hours will bond skin, so use acetone to dissolve bonds;
vapors can irritate nose and eyes and may cause
headaches, so use with adequate ventilation
C om m on G lu in g P r o blem s and S o lu t io n s
PROBLEM POSSIBLE CAUSE SOLUTION
Weak or failed joints Not enough gluing surface Redesign joint or add reinforcement
to provide additional surface area.
Not enough glue (starved joint) Apply more glue. If gluing end grain,
seal ends before gluing up.
Wood moving in opposite directions Align wood grain and annual rings so
parts move in unison.
Not enough pressure or uneven Apply more clamps. Space them
pressure evenly along joint.
Glue line too thick Apply more clamps. Make sure joint
fits properly
Gaps and voids in glue line Spread glue evenly over entire gluing
surface. Make sure joint fits properly
If you want glue to fill voids, use
epoxy cement or another adhesive
with good gap-filling ability
Surface too rough Plane, joint, or rout gluing surfaces if
possible. Saw with smooth-cutting
blade or sand to at least 50-grit.
Wrong glue Choose appropriate glue for particular
wood species.
Wood surface dirty or contaminated Glue up joint as soon as possible after
cutting it. If gluing surface is exposed
for several days, lightly sand wood to
clean it. If wood is oily, wipe with
alcohol or naphtha.
Shelf life or pot life expired Purchase or mix fresh batch of glue.
Assembly required too much time Choose glue with longer open
assembly time, or divide assembly
into shorter steps.
Glue not allowed to cure sufficiently Leave assembly in clamps for longer
period of time; wait for at least 24
hours before sanding or machining.
Creep or steps in joints Wood moving in opposite directions Align wood grain and annual rings so
parts move in unison.
Joints are too tight; pressure Make sure joints fit properly.
continues to squeeze hardened glue
out of joints
Joints give slightly with time, but Glue is creeping because of constant Use a glue that is less likely to creep;
don’t fail completely stress redesign joinery to better withstand
stress.
Sunken joints Joints are machined or sanded before Allow water to evaporate completely;
water from water-based glues can wait at least 24 hours before sanding
evaporate or machining.
Glue stains Light stain — glue squeeze-out not If using water-based glue, scrape off
properly cleaned from surface excess and wash surface before glue
dries. If using other glues, let dry
completely, then scrape and sand.
Check by wetting surface with water
or naphtha.
Dark stain — iron clamp in contact Make sure pipes and cast-iron parts of
with joint as glue dried clamps do not contact glue joint as
glue dries.
REFERENCE CHARTS 107
P r o p e r t ie s o f C om m on F in ish es
ENHANCING PROPERTIES PROTECTING PROPERTIES
PENETRATION/DEPTH HARDNESS/ELASTICITY
P enetrating — Drying oils, rubbing oils, dyes, stains H ard — Epoxies, polyurethanes, varnishes
Building — Shellacs, varnishes, polyurethanes, lac M oderately hard — Lacquers, waterborne resins, oil
quers, waterborne resins, epoxies, oil and latex paints and latex paints
Note: Drying oils and rubbing oils begin to build on the sur M oderately elastic — Rubbing oils, shellacs (although
face after the first or second coat. Most buildingfinishes will shellacs becom e less elastic with time)
penetrate on the first coat if they are thinned with the appro Elastic — Drying oils, stains, dyes, waxes
priate solvents. PERMEABILITY
LUSTER Im perm eable — Paraffin wax
Flat — Most penetrating finishes after ju st one coat. Sem i-perm eable — O ther waxes, shellacs, varnishes,
O ther finishes can be made to appear flat by adding polyurethanes, epoxies, oil paints
flatteners or by rubbing them out with the proper P erm eable — Drying oils, rubbing oils, lacquers, w ater
abrasives. borne resins, latex paints, stains, dyes
Satin — Most penetrating finishes after several coats. HEAT RESISTANCE
O ther finishes can take on a satin appearance by add High heat resistance — Polyurethanes, epoxies, oils
ing flatteners or rubbing them out with the proper paints
abrasives. M oderate heat resistance — Rubbing oils, lacquers, var
Glossy — Shellacs, varnishes, polyurethanes, lacquers, nishes, waterborne resins, latex paints
waterborne resins, epoxies, oil and latex paints, Low heat resistance — Drying oils, shellacs
provided there are no flatteners added. For high
gloss, most finishes must be polished after curing. WATER RESISTANCE
W ater-sensitive — Drying oils, some rubbing oils, shel
Note: Wax adds gloss to a finish but has no luster of its own.
lacs, lacquers
TINT W ater-resistant — Som e rubbing oils, waterborne
Artificially tinted — Stains, dyes, oil and latex paints. resins, interior varnishes, polyurethanes, latex and
Some varnishes, rubbing oils, and waxes are also oil paints
tinted. W aterproof — Exterior varnishes, polyurethanes, water
Natural a m b er tint — Rubbing oils, drying oils, shel borne resins, latex and oil paints, epoxies
lacs, varnishes, polyurethanes, lacquers, epoxies,
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
waxes
Chem ically sensitive — Drying oils, shellacs, waxes
C lea r (no discernible tint) — W aterborne resins; a very
Chem ically resistant — Rubbing oils, lacquers, w ater
few lacquers, varnishes, and epoxies
borne resins, latex paints
OPACITY Highly chem ically resistant — Varnishes,
Transparent — Rubbing oils, drying oils, shellacs, var polyurethanes, epoxies, oil paints
nishes, polyurethanes, lacquers, waterborne resins,
DURABILITY
epoxies, dyes
Highly durable — Varnishes, polyurethanes, epoxies, oil
Sem i-transparent — Stains, thinned paints, transparent
paints, dyes
finishes with added flatteners or pigments, waxes
M oderately du ra ble — Shellac, lacquers, waterborne
O paque — Oil and latex paints
resins, latex paints, stains
i Not very durable — Drying oils, rubbing oils, waxes
MISCELLANEOUS PROPERTIES
TOXICITY METHODS OF APPLICATION
Highly toxic — Epoxies, as well as some varnishes, W ipe-on — Drying oils, rubbing oils, stains, dyes, waxes
paints, and rubbing oils Pour-on — Epoxies
M oderately toxic — Lacquers, some varnishes, Brush-on — Shellacs, some lacquers, varnishes,
polyurethanes, some oil and latex paints, some polyurethanes, some waterborne resins, oil and latex
stains, dyes paints
M oderately safe: — Some drying oils, some rubbing Spray-on — Some lacquers, some waterborne resins
oils, shellacs, som e waterborne resins, som e stains,
some waxes
Nontoxic — Some drying and rubbing oils, some water
borne resins, some paints, some waxes
Note: Not every specific finish will fit the neat pigeonholes in this chart. Depending on its ingredients, a particular brand of finish may display completely
different properties from the norm. The information here should be taken as a general guide; there is not sufficient room to cover all the exceptions.
108 REFERENCE CHARTS
N AM E C H EM IC A L T Y P E U SES T O X IC IT Y
(TLV in PPM)*
EXTREMELY DANGEROUS
1. Methylene Chloride Chlorinated Paint strippers, furniture refinishers, paints 50
hydrocarbon
2. Glycol Ether^ Other Lacquers, dyes, latex paints, spray paints, epoxies 5
MODERATELY DANGEROUS
5. Methanol Alcohol Paints, varnishes, lacquers, dyes, furniture 200
refinishers, paint strippers
6. Acetone Ketone Paint strippers, wood fillers, lacquers, epoxies 750
8. Petroleum Naphtha Aliphatic Wood fillers, waxes, lacquers, general solvents 100
hydrocarbon
9. Toluol Aromatic Polyurethanes, spray paints, rubbing oils, 100
hydrocarbon furniture re finishers, paint strippers, general
solvents
10. Isopropanol Alcohol Wood fillers, lacquers 400
MILDLY DANGEROUS
12. Xylene Aromatic Lacquers, paint strippers, general solvents 100
hydrocarbon
15. Mineral Spirits Aliphatic Wood fillers, rubbing oils, varnishes, 200
hydrocarbon polyurethanes, stains, general solvents
16. Kerosene Aliphatic General solvents None
hydrocarbon
17. Ethanol Alcohol Shellacs, stains 1000
350 Affects skin, upper respiratory tract, blood, Irritation, narcosis, numbness, heart palpitations,
central nervous system, liver headache, shortness of breath, angina, heart attack
6 Affects skin, eyes, upper respiratory tract, Headache, irritation, narcosis, kidney damage,
central nervous system, kidneys, liver, pulmonary edema, fatigue, anemia
reproductive system, blood
0.09 Affects skin, eyes, central nervous system, Irritation, allergies
reproductive system
124 Affects skin, upper respiratory tract, entire Irritation, numbness, weakness, headache,
nervous system nausea, loss of balance, weight loss, fatigue
97 Affects eyes, skin, central nervous system Vision problems, optic nerve damage, blindness,
narcosis
266 Affects skin, upper respiratory tract, central Irritation, narcosis, dermatitis
nervous system, eyes
70 Affects skin, upper respiratory tract, central Irritation, narcosis, dermatitis
nervous system
40 Affects eyes, skin, upper respiratory tract, Irritation, narcosis, dermatitis
lungs, central nervous system
22 Affects central nervous system, liver, upper Irritation, dermatitis, narcosis, weakness, liver and
respiratory tract, kidneys, skin, eyes kidney damage
9 Affects skin, upper respiratory tract, central Irritation, narcosis, dermatitis, stomach pain,
nervous system, liver, gastrointestinal system, incoordination, staggering
blood
2 -2 0 Affects skin, central nervous system, lungs Irritation, dermatitis, narcosis
5 Affects skin, eyes, upper respiratory tract, Irritation, dermatitis, pulmonary edema, narcosis,
lungs, central nervous system, kidneys, convulsions, kidney and bladder damage, fever
bladder
0.8 Affects skin, central nervous system, lungs, Irritation, dermatitis, narcosis
eyes
Varies Affects skin, upper respiratory tract, lungs, Irritation, narcosis, lung hemorrhage, chemical
central nervous system pneumonia
43 Affects eyes, nose, skin, central nervous Irritation, headache, drowsiness, fatigue
system
?Although the volatility of these substances is low, they can be absorbed quickly through the skin. Even rubber gloves provide little protection.
§Stands fo r “Varnish Makers and P aintersT his is petroleum naphtha with the more harmful hydrocarbons removed.
110 REFERENCE CHARTS
C om m on F l o o r F in is h e s
TYPE APPLICATION COMMENTS
Polyurethane Brush or roll on. Sand between Very durable but discolors in sunshine. Purchase a
coats. brand with a UV-inhibitor for sunny rooms. Relatively
easy to apply and repair.
Water-borne Roll on. Finish is milky but dries Fairly durable. Somewhat safer than solvent-based
finishes clear. Sand between coats. finishes. Very easy to apply and repair.
Oil finishes Wipe on. Requires multiple coats. Not very durable. Won’t protect against spills or
No need to sand between coats. abrasion. Extremely easy to apply and repair.
Acid-curing Add hardener, then brush or roll Extremely durable but highly toxic before they
finishes on. Sand between coats. cure. Somewhat difficult to apply and repair. Also
expensive.
Varnish Brush on. Sand between coats. Moderately durable. Fairly easy to apply and repair.
Shellac Brush on. Sand between coats. Not very durable. Will not protect against spills.
Must be waxed or will spot. Produces very deep, warm finish. Easy to apply and
repair.
A b r a siv e T y p e s , G r a d e s , a n d A p p l ic a t io n s
TYPES
MATERIAL COLOR USES
Flint Off-white or tan Removing wax, paint, and other
finishing materials
Garnet Pink or red-brown Hand sanding
Aluminum Oxide Tan or brown Machine sanding
Silicon Carbide Charcoal (wet/dry) or gray (dry only) Sanding finishes
GRADES
C o m p o u n d M iter A ng le s
four SID E S
SLOPE* MITER GAUGE OR SAW BLADE SLOPE* MITER GAUGE OR SAW BLADE
OF FRAME SAW ARM ANGLEt ANGLE OF FRAME SAW ARM ANGLEt ANGLE
T w is t B it S izes
NUMBERED BITS
T h is chart lists recom m ended speeds for drill overheating, the speeds have been reduced to
presses with hand-operated quill feeds. They are com pensate for a slow feed. Use these speeds as a
lower than m axim um cutting speeds because starting point. Drill several test holes, then adjust
m ost craftsmen tend to feed the quill m uch more the speeds up or dow n to com pensate for your
slowly than industrial presses with pow er feeds. own drilling technique.
To get a sm oother cut and prevent the bit from
BRAD- MULTI
MATERIAL DIAMETER TWIST POINT SPADE BORING FORSTNER SPUR
Softwoods vs 4,8.00 3,600
vs 2,400 3,600 2,400 2,400
vs 1,200 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 1,200
VS 1,200 1,800 1,800 2,400 1,800 1,200
1" 1,200 1,800 1,800 1,200 1,200
1 VS 1,200 1,200 900 1,200
2" 600 900
3" 300 600
Hardwoods y8" 2,400 3,600
VS 1,800 2,400 1,800 1,800
VS 1,200 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,200
vs 700 1,200 1,200 1,800 1,200 1,200
i" 900 1,200 1,200 900 1,200
1 V2" 900 900 600 900
2" 300 600
3" 300
Ferrous VS 900
Metals VS 600
vs 300
VS 150
1" 100
Nonferrous vs 2,400
Metals vs 1,800
VS 1,200
vs 600
1" 300
Plastics y8" 3,600 3,600
vs 2,400 2,400 1,200
vs 1,200 1,800 900 900
vs 600 1,200 600 600
1" 600 300 300
1 vs 150
2" 100
114 REFERENCE CHARTS
C o m m o n B a n d S aw B lades
BLADE MINIMUM TEETH
WIDTH RADIUS* GRIND PER INC H t USES AND COMMENTS
Vie" 0" Standard 24 Fine scrollwork. Blade can turn a 90° corner because the
kerf is as wide as the blade.
Vs" Vie" Standard 14 Cutting scrollwork that requires a smooth surface; also
good for joinery
Vs" 3/ i6" Skip 8 Fast cutting of scrollwork; cutting scrollwork in thick
stock
3/l6" 3/s" Standard 10 Cutting small curves that require a smooth surface;
joinery
3/ie" Vs" Skip 4 Fast cutting of small curves; cutting small curves in
thick stock
'/ / ' 5/s" Standard 10,14,18 Cutting medium curves that require a smooth surface;
joinery. Finer TPIs are best for joinery
V/' 5/s" Skip 4,6 Fast cutting of medium curves in thick stock. For a
good general-purpose blade, use 6 TP1.
‘A" 5/s" Hook 4,6 Aggressive cutting of medium curves; ripping; resawing
narrow stock
Vs" I 1/ / ' Standard 8,10,14 Cutting large curves which require a smooth surface;
crosscutting and mitering thin stock
3/s" I 1/ / ' Skip 4 Fast cutting of large curves; crosscutting and
mitering thick stock. This is also a good general-
purpose blade for large saws.
3/s" IV4" Hook 4,6 Aggressive cutting of large curves; ripping; resawing
narrow stock
i/2" 3" Standard 6,14,18 Cutting gentle curves; crosscutting and mitering. Finer
pitches will make very smooth, straight cuts.
V2" 3" Skip 4 Fast cutting of gentle curves
i/2" 3" Hook 4,6 Aggressive cutting of gentle curves; ripping; resawing
medium-size stock, sawing green wood. W ith green
wood, 4 TPI works better.
3/ 4" 5" Standard 6 ,8 Crosscutting and mitering thick stock
3/ 4" 5" Skip 3,4 Fast cut-off work. May also be used to resaw softwoods.
3/ 4" 5" Hook 3,4,6 Aggressive cut-offs; ripping; resawing wide boards;
cutting green wood. W ith green wood, 3 TPI works best.
1" 8" Standard 8,14 Continuous crosscutting; mitering of thick stock
1" 8" Hook 3 Continuous ripping, resawing wide boards; cutting
green wood
*Sources vary widely on the m inim um radius that can be cut with any given band saw blade, and f o r good reason. The
m inim um radius depends not only on the width o f the blade but also the set and kerf. These can vary fro m m anufacturer to
manufacturer. Consider the m easurem ents in this column as estimates only.
>These are the pitches that are commonly available through m ail-order suppliers. O ther pitches m ay be available on
special order.
REFERENCE CHARTS 115
C o m m o n Table Sa w B lades
TYPE HOOK AND SPACING GRIND USES
RIP 20-25°, wide gullets Flat Cutting parallel
to the wood
grain; ripping
High-Speed Steel to width
Carbide-Tipped
CROSSCUT OR CUT-OFF 5-10°, narrow gullets Alternate top Cutting across
bevel the wood grain;
cutting to
High-Speed Steel length
Carbide-Tipped
COMBINAT
N
IO 5-25°, narrow gullets alternating Alternate top Ripping and
with wide gullets bevel and flat crosscutting
most woods and
wood products
High-Speed Steel
Carbide-Tipped
Carbide-Tipped
Rip
Crosscut
Combination
Carbide-Tipped Only
116 REFERENCE CHARTS
C o m m o n M o l d in g K n iv e s
s i n g l e -p u r p o s e k n i v e s
m u l t i -p u r p o s e k n i v e s
C O PIN G KNIVES
C o p e d J o in t s
r e v e r s ib l e j o i n t s f it t e d j o in t s
WING NUTS,
THUMBSCREWS
AND KNOBS
CLAMPS AND
HOLD-DOWNS
HINGES AND
PIVOTS
BUSHINGS AND
BEARINGS
SLIDES AND
TRACKS
REFERENCE CHARTS 119
J ig -M ak in g M aterials
SPECIAL COMMON
MATERIAL STRENGTH DURABILITY STABILITY PROPERTIES USES
WOOD
Domestic hardwoods High along High Low across Strong and stable Structural parts
(maple, birch, ash, the grain the grain along the wood that require
poplar) grain; machines strength and
easily stability in one
direction only
Exotic im ports High along Very high Medium Strong and stable Handles, grips,
(rosewood, cocobolo, the grain across the along the wood knobs, other
bocote, teak) grain grain; decorative; frequently
water resistant handled parts
PLYWOOD
Hardwood plywood Medium Medium- Medium Thin face veneers Structural parts
high
European plywood Medium- High Medium- Thick face veneers; Parts requiring
high high easy to machine extra strength
or stability
PARTICLEBOARD
l-M -2 particleboard Low Medium Medium Chips easily; Templates, forms,
difficult to machine patterns, w ork
surfaces
Tempered hardboard Low Medium- High Hard surface; Templates,
high limited thicknesses inserts
M edium-density Low Medium High Easy to machine; Templates, forms,
fiberboard remains flat patterns, work
surfaces
PLASTICS
Acrylics M edium tHigh Very high Rigid; available Patterns, guards,
in clear or opaque m ounting plates
sheets
Polycarbonates Medium High Very high Flexible; available Patterns, guards
in clear or opaque
sheets
UHMW M edium Very high Very high Flexible; slippery; Runners, guides,
long-wearing; easy moving parts
to machine
Phenolics M edium Very high Very high Rigid; long-wearing Runners, parts
that m ust not
flex
Plastic laminates Low High Very high Available in thin Covering for
sheets only work surfaces
and fences
T he W orkshop
C om panion S eries
ROUTING AND SHAPING USING THE BAND SAW
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COMMON
SHAPES
PARTS OF A DRAWER
PARTS OF A
CABINET
COMMON FASTENERS
PARTS OF
PARTS OF A BOARD A FRAME COMMON MOLDING SHAPES