REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR FINAL EXAMINATION

Direction: Answer the following:

1. It is defined as s a method of distributing a number of items proportionally into several groups based on
population sizes. APPORTIONMENT

2. How does the Hamilton method work in apportionment?

 SD, SQ, LQ, surplus add to highest decimal one at a time.
 To assign voting seats in the House of Representatives to each represented state. This
method is based on the standard divisor and standard quota of the population. The
standard divisor is defined by the formula; SD = P/A

3. The candidate who receives the most first place votes is called the_______. Winner

4. What is the Jefferson method in apportionment and voting?

 Uses MSD
 uses a modified standard divisor (MSD) which is chosen by trial and error until the sum of
the lower quota is equal to the required number of allocations. The lower quota is the final
apportionment obtained at the final value of the modified divisor. In this method, the
modified standard divisor is smaller than the original standard divisor.

5. The correct definition of Borda count method in apportionment and voting.

 Has assigned weights/pts
 The Borda count is a ranked voting system: the voter ranks the list of candidates in order
of preference.

6. The candidate with more than half of the 1st place votes should be the winner." This is the
________. Majority rule/system

7. Consider and election of 721 voters:

What is the smallest number of votes needed to be a majority candidate? 361 / 361.5

8. How many people voted in this election? (table on the right side) 100

9. "If a state's standard quota is higher than its geometric mean, it will be
allocated an additional seat (upper quota)." Which method is being used?
HUNTINGTON-HILL METHOD

10. In logic, what is the symbol for “negation”? ~

11. What is the symbol for “conjunction”? ∧

12. What is the symbol for “disjunction”? ∨

13. What is the symbol for “conditional statement”? →

14. A compound proposition is called TAUTOLOGY if it is always true for all possible values of its
propositional variables.

15. A compound proposition is called CONTRADICTION if it is always false for all possible values of its
propositional variables.

16. A compound proposition is called CONTINGENCY if it is neither tautology or contradiction for all
possible values of its propositional variables.

17. It provides the truth value for the result of applying the operation on each possible set of truth values
for the operand. TRUTH TABLE

18. In logic, PROPOSITION is any meaningful statement that is either true or false.
19. Which of the following is an example of a proposition?
Proposition is declarative sentence either TRUE or FALSE; so bawal yung same = depende sa
choices

For items in #20 – 29 refer to the given table below:

Representatives to the student council shall be selected based on the year level population.
Determine the number of representatives from each year level that will compromise the 21-
member council.

Year Population

First Year 1 350

Second Year 1 185

Third Year 845

Fourth Year 770

Fifth Year 480

Total 4630

20. Using Hamilton’s Method, how many members will be apportioned for the first year? 6

21. Using Hamilton’s Method, how many members will be apportioned for the second year? 5

22. Using Hamilton’s Method, how many members will be apportioned for the third year? 4

23. Using Hamilton’s Method, how many members will be apportioned for the fourth year? 4

Hint: (for Jefferson’s method - questions, MSD = 195)

24. Using Jefferson’s Method, how many members will be apportioned for the first year? 6

25. Using Jefferson’s Method, how many members will be apportioned for the second year? 6

26. Using Jefferson’s Method, how many members will be apportioned for the third year? 4

Hint: (for Webster’s method - questions, MSD = 220)

27. Using Webster’s Method, how many members will be apportioned for the second year? 5

28. Using Webster’s Method, how many members will be apportioned for the first year? 6

29. Using Webster’s Method, how many members will be apportioned for the fourth year? 4

For items in #30 – 38 refer to the given problem below:

Company X is deciding where to have their Christmas outing. There are 75 employees who were asked to
answer the survey. The results of the ranking are shown below:

Venue RANKING TOTAL VOTES

Beach 1 1 2 3 2
Hotel 2 3 1 1 3
Private Pool 3 2 3 2 1
No. of votes 19 18 14 10 14
30. Which venue wins by majority? BEACH

31. Using Plurality Method, what is the total votes for “Beach”? 37

32. Using Plurality Method, what is the total votes for “Hotel”? 24

33. Using Plurality Method, what is the total votes for “Private Pool”? 14

34. Which venue wins by Plurality method? BEACH

35. Which venue wins by Borda-count method? BEACH

36. Using Borda-count Method, what is the total points for “Private Pool”? 131

37. Using Borda-count Method, what is the total points for “Beach”? 177

38. Using Borda-count Method, what is the total points for “Hotel”? 142

39. What is the Rule of Inference show below: MODUS PONENS

p→q
p
∴q

40. What is the Rule of Inference show below: DISJUNCTIVE SYLLOGISM

p→q
~q
∴p

41. What is the Rule of Inference show below: CONSTRUCTIVE DILEMMA

(p → q) ∧ (r → s)
pvr
∴qvs

For item nos. 42 – 50, refer to the given truth table below. Fill out the missing values inside the
table. Choose your answer for each item.

p q pvq p∧q (p ∧ q) v (p ∧ q)
T T (no. 42) (no. 46)

T F (no. 44) (no. 47)

F T (no. 45) (no. 48)

F F (no. 43) (no. 49)

What is the truth value for item number….

42. T

43. F

44. F

45. F

46. T

47. T

48. T

49. F
50. The truth table shows what kind of compound proposition?

CONTINGENCY

For item nos. 51 – 53:

Translate the statement into symbolic notation.
Let 𝑝 represent "I like Pepsi" and let 𝑐 represent "I like Coke".

51. I like Pepsi or I like Coke.

pvc
52. I like Pepsi but I do not like Coke.
- p ∧ ~c

53. I do not like Pepsi.

~p

For item nos. 54 - 61, refer to the given truth table below. Fill out the indicated missing
values inside the table. Choose your answer for each item.

p q r (p → r) ∧ (q → r)
T T T (no. 54)

T T F (no. 55)

T F T (no. 56)

T F F (no. 57)

F T T (no. 58)

F T F (no. 59)

F F T (no. 60)

F F F (no. 61)

What is the truth value for item number...

54. T

55. F

56. T

57. F

58. T

59. F

60. T

61. F

For item nos. 62 - 70, refer to the given truth table below. Fill out the missing values
inside the table. Choose your answer for each item.
 p q p→q ~q → ~p
T T (no. 62) (no. 66)

T F (no. 63) (no. 67)

F T (no. 64) (no. 68)

F F (no. 65) (no. 69)

What is the truth value for item number...

62. T

63. F

64. T

65. F

66. F

67. F

68. T

69. T

70. Is the statement “p → q ≡ ~q → ~p” valid? NOT VALID