MECHANIZATION OF ESTATE OPERATION

AGR318

WORKSHOP REPORTS

WORKSHOP 6: FARM IMPLEMENT ATTACHMENT AND TRACTOR HANDLING

GROUP MEMBERS:

NAME STUDENT ID GROUP

MOHD AZRUL AMRY BIN ABD KANAN 2020240306 A4

MUHAMAD SHAHREZA BIN SALIM 2020836124 A4
PEDRO DENIO LADZIRI 2020835712 A4
XAVIER WELHELM BIN SULUNG 2020400716 A1
MUHAMMAD FAUZAN BIN HANAFIAH 2020890016 A2

LECTURER’S NAME: TS GS HAMJAH RUSLI

PROGRAM
DIPLOMA IN PLANTATION & AGROTECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF PLANTATION & AGROTECHNOLOGY
(SESSION OCT2022 – FEB2023)
1.0 INTRODUCTION

Farm Implement Attachment

Tractors can be hitched to several implements to perform multiple tasks on the
field. Trailed, semi-mounted, or mounted tools exist. For safe and effective tractor
operation, implements must be correctly attached to a three-point linkage or
drawbar hitch. Depending on soil conditions, many primary tillage machinery can
plough the land in soil preparation. Three-point connections will attach the plough.
However, when towed on the main road, external electrical power will power the
brake and signal lamp. Attaching implements with the three-point hitch is common.
Upper and lower links make it. Lower link has left and right links. The stabiliser
bar/chain will be linked to the lower link to steady the tractor and prevent
swinging/side movement. Pinning all three connections secures the tools. A single
drawbar attachment pulls an implement. Drawbar and kingpin will secure the drawn
implement. To maximise drawing force, put the drawbar midway between the rear
kinds in most operations. To balance pulling force on hillside operation, slide the
drawbar to one side. Post-hole diggers and mowers are powered by the power-
take-off (PTO). PTO rotates 540 or 1000 rpm. Thus, mounting PTO-required tools
to tractors is harder and takes longer. PTO accidents are a leading source of
tractor-related injuries, hence PTOs are shielded. Before mounting the PTO
component, read and observe all safety instructions.

Tractor handling
Tractors are driven like cars. Tractor speed and control lever are the only
variations. Tractors are easier to drive than cars because the driver sits in the
centre instead of on the left or right. The throttle, brake, and clutch pedals are at
the operator's compartment's lower front. The tractor throttle pedal is on the right,
like a car. The brake pedal is beside the throttle. Two brake pedals control each
rear wheel. A lock bar on the pedals lets the driver stop the left or right wheel or
both. Clutch pedal is left. To stop the tractor when shifting gears and halting, use
the clutch pedal. The handbrake is under the driver. The handbrake pulls the brake
pedal when pulled. Tractor gear levers differ from vehicle levers. The tractor has
three levers whether the car has one or two (four-wheel drive). The first lever
 selects low-medium-high, the second selects speed (1–4), and the third selects
forward and reverse. The tractor has 12 forward/reverse speeds.

2.0 OBJECTIVES

I. To understand the right methods for attaching and detaching implements from
the tractor's three point linkages/ drawbar/ PTO.
II. To Know the name and function of each tractor pedal and lever.
III. To learn how to drive the tractor properly and safely.

3.0 SCOPE OF STUDY / LOCATION

The workshop was done at the back of KOMSAT.

4.0 DATE & TIME

Date: 12 January 2023

Time: 11:00 AM

5.0 APPARATUS

i) Tractor
ii) 3-point linkages/ drawbar/ PTO
iii) Tractor implements.

6.0 WORKSHOP PROCEDURE

6.1 Implement Attachment Procedure:

1. First, front-mounted. Implement attachment includes loader. Hydraulics move

the loader arm on the tractor engine's side. The loader arm lifts the tractor.
 2. Mid-mounted is second. It is the least popular since mounting and dismounting
is tough. Most mid-mounted additions are mower decks.

3. Third, rear-mounted. Drawbars or three-point hitches do this. The three-point

hitch is preferred because it makes implement lifting and lowering easier. A
rear-mounted tiller improves crop health by aerating soil.

Figure 6.1: Implement Attachment

6.2 Tractor Handling Procedure

Even though tractors are designed with safety in mind, there are some measures you
may take to avoid injury. This necessitates making use of the tractor in a way that
makes the most of its features and allows it to perform the jobs for which it was
intended.

i. The farm staff gave us a training in which we were shown how to use the
tractor's paddles and gears.
ii. After being shown how to operate the tractor by the helpful staff, we got to try it
out for ourselves. They show you when to shift into gear and how to paddle the
tractor.
iii. Third, make sure the tractor is in park or free gear. Squeezing the clutch and
choosing 1, 2, 3, or 4 after starting the engine is the next step. After that, you
need to let off of the hand brake.
iv. In order to get the tractor going, you have to lift the clutch and paddle in
harmony. Changing gears on a running tractor requires stepping on the clutch,
shifting into the next gear, and regaining paddle balance.
v. Fifth, always put the tractor in neutral or free gear before switching it off. To
unlock, the key must be spun anticlockwise.

Figure 6.2: Tractor handling

7.0 OBSERVATION AND RESULT

I. PTO (Power Take-off)

• Almost all modern tractors include a power take off (PTO) engine, which is
utilised to transfer engine power to an attachment. The wheels and gears of
a farm tractor can usually be used to attach this equipment. When the part
is connected, the PTO may send a great deal of power to both the tractor
and the broiler engine, allowing the wheels to spin without the driver's input.

II. DRAWBAR
• The drawbar is essential because it facilitates the transportation of massive
loads. The drawbar is the primary implement of the tractor. A tractor can be
hitched to a trailer, a bale of straw, or anything else with this device.
III. HYDRAULIC HITCH
• In order to raise heavy objects, contemporary tractors use a lifting device
called a hydraulic hitch, which is powered by hydraulic fluid. Tool storage
and retrieval can be easily adjusted with the flip of a switch. The hitch
facilitates the raising and lowering of the plough, which is useful for moving
the tractor to different locations in a field. It is the goal of this section to
facilitate the movement, removal, and reduction of heavy loads carried by
tractors.

8.0 DISCUSSION

1) Explain the pre-operational check if a tractor before operations.

• Make sure there aren't any obstacles in the area around the tractor. Please
inspect the tractor for any new damage.

2) Explain the safety procedures when attaching the implement.

• Do not place yourself in the path of the tractor or the implement. Be certain
that the safety latches and catches are in their proper positions. Make sure
you only utilise tools that are in good working order.

3) Describe the procedure of attaching the implement to the tractor.

• Put the tractor in position close to the implement. Make the necessary
adjustments per the directive. Adjust the A-frame so that it is aligned with
the attachment point. Using one attachment point at a time, affix the tool to
the attachment point.

4) Explain the step from starting, operating, and stopping the tractor.

• Check to see that the gear is not restricted. The left foot is used to depress
the clutch all the way to the floor, and the ignition switch is turned on. As
 soon as the tractor is turned on, while keeping your foot down to the floor
and the clutch pedal, move into first gear. In the meantime, as you are
gradually letting go of the clutch, pump the gas or accelerator pedal to speed
up the engine's revs. To shift into a different gear, you must simultaneously
depress the clutch and move the gear. To bring the tractor to a halt, depress
the clutch and move the gear selector to the neutral position. Take your foot
off the clutch and put your right foot on the brake.

5) List the safety precautions during the tractor handling.

• Children should be kept away from the tractor at all times.

• When operating the tractor, you are required to have on shoes or boots.
• Never get off a moving tractor by stepping down from it.
• If the tractor is not currently running, take the key out of the ignition switch.

9.0 CONCLUSION

The ability to "hitch" (connect) a variety of implements to a tractor enables it to do a

wide variety of tasks in a single field. It is required that implements be hooked to the
tractor using either a drawbar hitch or a three-point linkage. The tools will get electrical
power from the outside source in order to power the brake lamp and the signal lamp.
It's exactly the same as driving a car when you're behind the wheel of a tractor. The
speed and the control lever on the tractor are the only two distinct aspects of this
machine. Under the seat of the operator is where you'll find the handbrake. Because
of its connection to the brake pedal, it moves in response to the movement of the
handbraze.