8 COUNTS

!SCIENCE

G RAMMAR 3 C omple te th e t e xt w ith th e corre ct past

tense form o f th e verbs.
Past sim ple vs. pa st continuous
P e t e r a n d T e rr y 0 w e r e s i tt in g (sit) in a c a f e . T h e y
(re vie w) 1 ______________ ( n o t lo o k ) o u t o f t h e w i n d o w - t h e y
1 Look at th e picture . C omple te th e 2 ______________(t a lk). J u s t t h e n , t h e w a itr e s s
sentences w ith th e past continuous form o f th e 3 ______________(s cre a m ) a n d 4________________
verbs in th e list. ( d r o p ) t h e b o y s ’ c o ff e e o n t h e f lo o r. W h e n t h e y
se nd look pla y j re ad ! dra w j sle ep 5_________________(lo o k ) r o u n d , sh e 6
(lo o k ) o u t t o t h e s tr e e t. T h e y 7_________________(lo o k )
o u t to o a n d saw a y o u n g m an w h o 8 ___________
(g e t) o u t o f a b ig c ar. T h e w a itr e s s 9________________
(ru n ) o u t s id e a n d 10_________________ (g o ) u p t o h im .
S h e 11_________________ ( h o ld ) a p i e c e o f p a p e r. W h e n
t h e w a itr e s s 12_____________ (c o m e ) b a c k in t o t h e
c a f , sh e 13_________________ (s m ile ). S h e h a d h e r
f a v o u rit e s in g e r's a u t o g r a p h , b u t P e t e r a n d T e rr y s till
d i d n 't h a v e a n y c o ff e e .

used to HUSH
4 C omple te th e conversation with th e corre ct
forms o f u s e d to and th e verbs in th e list.
W h e n t h e t e a c h e r c a m e in t o t h e c l a s s r o o m , ...
listen | listen | play | buy | eat | we ar | write | have
0 H a rr y w a s se n d ing a t e x t m e ss a g e .

1 _________________ a p ic t u r e o n t h e b o a rd . JOSE PH W h e n y o u w e re y o u n g , d id y o u h a v e T V ?

2 J e ssic a a n d S o p h i e __________________a m a g a z in e .
3 S t e v e __________________
4 S a r a h _________________ o u t o f t h e w in d o w .
5 M a r k a n d G r a h a m _________________ f o o t b a ll.
2 (Circle; th e corre ct words.
0 I d id I (^ a T d o in g)s o rr\e shopping wh e n I
(met)I was m e e ting my frie n d Sally.
1 W h e n w e g o t / were g e ttin g to th e p arty, e v eryon e
d a nce d / was d a ncing.
G R A N D D A D N o , w e 0 u se d to liste n _____ t o t h e r a d io .
JOSEPH 1_____________________ w it h y o u r fri e n d s ?
G R A N D D A D Y e s, w e p l a y e d f o o t b a ll , b u t w e d i d n 't
h a v e s k a t e b o a rd s , j u s t s im p l e sk a te s.
JOSEPH W h a t a b o u t s h o p p in g ?
G R A N D D A D M y m o t h e r 2_____________________ f o o d
in s m a ll s h o p s , n o t in s u p e rm a rk e ts . S h e
a lw a y s h a d t o c o o k f o r us. W e
3_____________________ f a s t f o o d .
JOSEPH W h a t , n o b u rg e rs ? ! 4_____________________
t o music?

2 It ra in e d / was ra inin g , so we d e cid e d I G R A N D D A D O f c o u rs e . W e h a d a r e c o r d p l a y e r.

were d e ciding to stay at home. JOSEPH W h a t w a s s c h o o l lik e ?

3 W hile we w a lk e d/ were w a lkin g in th e park, it G R A N D D A D W e ll, w e 5_____________________ a u n if o rm .

s ta rte d / was sta rtin g to rain.
4 I fe ll / was fa llin g asle ep while w e w atch e d /
were w a tching a film on T V.
5 H e d id n 't answ er / wasn't a nsw ering th e phon e
because he liste n e d / was liste ning to music
w ith he adphon e s.
A n d w e 6_____________________ e v e r y t h in g
in o u r n o t e b o o k s - n o c o m p u t e r s t h e n .
B u t w e 7_____________________ a l o t o f fu n .
W h y a ll th e s e q u e s tio n s ?
JOSEPH I'm d o i n g a H is t o r y p ro j e c t .
G R A N D D A D A h , O K . I g u e s s I'm p a r t o f h is t o r y n o w !
 8 ! SCIENCE C O U N T S

S econd c o n d itio n a l I wish

5 • Match th e sentence halves. 8 Look at th e picture s. C omple te th e
sentences w ith th e corre ct condition a l form and
0 If I kn ew Hannah's ne w phon e number, |T ]
th e words in th e list.
1 If my com p uter was working,
da nc e astron aut | ne w | curly | strong er sing
2 I w o uld w alk to th e shopping ce ntre
3 M um w o uld take me in th e car
4 I w o uld buy some ne w je ans
5 If I w e nt to th e shopping centre,

a if it w asn't raining.
b if I asked her nicely.
I w o uld send her an email.
I wish / c o u ld d a n c e. 1 I wish
d I w o uld pro b a b ly m e e t some o f my frie nds.
e I w o uld phon e her.
f if I had more money.

6 * (jCircle) th e corre ct words.

ALA N W h a t °d id l<^oulcj)you d o if you °^ e r£ )l w ould
b e alon e in a strang e city?
BELLE 11d id n 't / w o uld n't go out. If I 2w e nt / w o uld go
o u t alon e, 13was / w ould b e scared o f g e tting
lost. 2 I wish 3 I wish
ALA N But wh a t 4d id / w ould ha pp e n if you 5g o t /
w ould g e t lost?
BELLE If I 6g o t / w o uld g e t lost, I 7sta rte d / w o uld s ta rt
to panic.
ALA N 8D/d / W ould you ask a stra ng er fo r help?
BELLE N o wa y! I 9p h o n e d / w ould phon e someone.
ALA N 110d id n 't / w o uld n't b e w orrie d if I n g o f/
w o uld g e t lost. I thin k it u was / w ould be fun!
4 I w is h . 5 I w is h .
7 C omple te th e sentences so th e y are tru e
fo r you.

0 If I m e t a famous singer, / w o u ld a s k f o r a n ______

a u to g ra p h .___________________________________
1 If I could visit any place in th e w orld, I
2 I w o uld b e v ery h a ppy i f .
3 It w o u ld b e re a lly b a d i f .
4 M y h o m e to w n w o u ld b e m ore in t e re s tin g i f .
G E T IT R IG H T ! ©
wish vs. hope
Learners sometimes overuse / wish where / ho p e
is needed.
/ / ho p e y o u w ill b e w ith me n e xt tim e.
X / wish yo u w ill b e w ith me n e xt tim e.
C omple te th e sentences w ith w ish or h o p e .
I __ w is h I c o u ld b e th e r e to o , b u t I ha ve t o visit

5 If I d id n ’t live here, I

6 If I d id n't have to go to school, I

7 The w orld w o uld b e b e tte r if _

I’m goin g to g e t this finish e d by fiv e - w ell,
I _________I can, anyway.

73
V O C ABULAR Y

W ord list
D ire ction and move m e nt

a ro u n d a w a y fro m

to w a rd s b a c k w a rd s

down

up and dow n

Key words in conte xt

achievement I w o n th e ra c e a n d f o r m e, th a t wa s a gre a t
achievement
basic I'm n o t v e ry g o o d o n th e c o m p u t e r, b u t I ca n d o
th e basic things.
enormous T h a t ho us e has g o t tw e lv e b e d ro o m s - it's
enormous
id e ntify T h e y w o rk e d h a rd t o t r y a n d id e ntify th e causes
o f th e illness.
malaria S om e m o s q u ito e s c a rry malaria.
pill H e t o o k th r e e pills t o tr y t o g e t rid o f th e p a in.
pollute T h e d ir t fro m th e f a c to ry is polluting th e riv er.
prevent T h e y ha ve p u t tr a ffic lights th e r e t o tr y to prevent
a ccid e nts .
structure structure o f th e a tom.
T h e y l e a rn e d a b o u t th e
tool M y d a d's g o t lots o f tools in th e g a ra g e f o r fixin g
his c a r a n d things.
tre at H e's v e ry u n h a p p y , so ple a s e tre at him nicely.
 8 i SCIENCE C O U N T S

D ire ctio n and m ov e m e nt Science ШШШ

1 « ' Look at th e picture . C omple te th e 3 Use th e clues 1-8 to comple te th e puzzle.
sentences with th e words in th e list. W h at's th e mystery word?
around ; backwards | up | away from E C H
°R A R
dow n | tow ards j up and dow n I forw ards 5
1

3
4
5
6
7
8

0 I’m goin g to d o some re se a rc h fo r my science

0 T h ere’s a snake. It's moving a r o u n d __a tre e.
1 T h ere’s a lion. It's goin g s lo w ly____________ a
w hit e ra bbit.
2 T h ere’s a small w hit e mouse. It’s running
th e tre e.
3 T h ere’s a large black mouse. It’s running
th e tre e .
4 T h ere’s a cat. It’s ru n n in g________
pro je ct at school.
1 Some p e o p le are try in g to a wa y to
b uild cities und e r th e sea.
2 Did E dis o n________ th e te le phon e , or was it
som e on e else?
3 M a yb e on e da y th e y’ll fin d a _ ... .......... fo r ev ery
disease - bu t perh a ps not!
4 Some jo b s can't b e do n e by a -th e y
have to b e do n e by p e ople .
5 I thin k th e lift was a v ery im p ort a n t ................
It cha nged buildings comple tely.
6 T od a y w e d id a n _________w ith e le ctricity.
7 W h a t d o you thin k is th e most im p ort a n t scientific
_________o f all time?
8 O ur school’s go t a _________ , wh ere w e have o ur
a dog. science class.

5 T h ere’s a kangaroo. It's ju m pin g 4 Match th e sentence halves to make

6 T h ere’s a monkey. It's swinging _ and a paragraph.
__________ on a rop e .
0 M y bro th e r loves
2 C omple te th e sentences w ith dire ction 1 H e likes to thin k th e kitch e n is
and movement phrases. 2 H e’s do n e a lot o f
0 T wo boys are pla ying in th e lift. T h e y’ve alre a dy 3 H e looks on th e Intern e t to
gon e u p a n a d o w n six times. 4 Sometimes he just
1 It’s d iffic u lt to w a lk _______________ because you 5 H e’d like to make
can’t see wh ere you're going. 6 H e thinks he’s a sort o f
2 I was scared wh en I saw th e tig e r coming 7 I wish he could find
_______________ me.
a discover ne w ways to make sandwiches,
3 I thin k he was a ngry w ith me because he just
b rese arch into how to make sandwiches,
turn e d round and w a lk e d ______ _ me,
c a machine for pu ttin g bu tte r on bre ad,
and ou t o f th e door.
d fo o d scientist, in fact,
4 The childre n w ere re ally excite d. Th ey w ere e a cure fo r my stomach ache,
ru n n in g_______________ th e room and shouting. f do in g exp erim e nts in th e kitchen,
5 It to o k tw o hours to g e t into th e e xhibition. The g his la boratory,
qu e u e m o v e d _______________ v ery slowly. h invents his own.

75
READING
1 R E M E MB E R A N D C H E C K C orre c t th e u n d e rlin e d w ord s . T h e n ch e ck y o u r a nsw ers in th e t e x t on p a g e 75
o f th e S tu d e n t's B ook.

0 Isaac Newton was walking around in his father's garden. m o t h e r 's

1 He sat near a tree and an orange fell out of the tree. __________
2 Newton then got the book about gravity. __________
3 Archimedes was an old Italian man. __________
4 O n e day he got an idea when he was in the shower.
5 He saw how the amount of water changed when he moved. __________
6 Newton saw that gravity also has an effect on the sun. __________
7 Archimedes and Newton's discoveries were not complete mistakes. ___________
2 R ead th e a rtic l e . T ic k ( / ) th e b e st titl e .

1 Films about science in the 20th century [ ^ [ 3 Scientists in horror films

2 ‘Mad scientists' in books and films 4 From F ra n k e n ste in to The F ly

Sseen
cientists haven't always been
as very positive figures. In
fact, the idea of the 'mad scientist'
has been around for a very long
time, and it appears in books and
films to this day.
Back in th e 19th century, Mary
Shelley wro te a story a b out a scientist
called Frankenstein w h o did an
e xp erim e nt in his la boratory because
he w a nte d to show th a t he could
cre ate life from de ad things. He takes
bits o f de ad p e ople and he creates ...
a monster, o f course, th a t starts to kill
people. The Frankenstein story has
produce d hundre ds o f film versions
- mostly horror films, a lthough th ere
have be en one or tw o com e dy ones.
This is th e idea o f science as
som e thing really quit e dang erous.
Things can - a nd prob a bly w ill - go
wro ng because th e scientists d o n't
really k n o w w h a t th e y're doing.
A no th er example is th e film The Fly,
w hic h was made in 1958 and again
in 1986. Here, a scie ntist w a nts to
do an e xp erim e nt on tra nsporta tio n,
but it goes wro n g wh e n a fly enters
th e tra nsporta tio n m achine w ith him.
He creates a man w ith parts o f a fly's
body, and a fly w ith parts o f a man's
body. The slogan o f th e film wa s Be
a fra id. Be very a fra id !
The idea o f th e 'm a d scie ntist' was
especially strong in film s in th e second
h a lf o f th e 20th century. A survey
w a s don e o f more th a n 1,000 horror
film s from th e 1930s t o th e 1980s.
In 30 % o f th e films, a 'm a d scientist'
was th e bad guy; in 39% o f th e films,
an e normous d a ng er was cre ated by
scie ntific research th a t w e n t wrong;
and th e scientist wa s th e hero in only
11 % o f th e m.
Sometimes th e scientist is n't th e
bad guy - he's still a bit crazy, but
not dang erous. Take Doc in B ack to
th e F uture , w h o turns a car into a
m achine th a t can trav el in tim e . W ith
his crazy w h it e hair (just like Einstein)
and big eyes, he's th e ge nius w h o
makes mistakes but tries hard and
is always nice in th e end. A nd in th e
TV com e dy The B ig B ang Theory, th e
scientists are nerds but certainly not
dangerous.
But th e 'm a d scie ntist' idea never
goes aw ay altoge th er. In th e 2008
c artoon Igor, there's a w h ole country
(called Malaria) th a t's run by evil
scientists. A nd in th e film , th e hero,
Igor, builds a person from bits and
pieces o f oth e r p e ople - and th ere w e
it back to Frankenstein ag ain!

3 R e ad th e a rtic l e a g ain. M a rk th e s e nte nc e s T (tru e ), F (fa ls e) o r 4 T hin k o f a n o th e r film o r T V

DS (th e t e x t d o e s n't say). pro gra m m e w ith scie ntists in it.
A r e th e y show n as g o o d o r b a d?
0 The idea of ’mad scientists' isn’t a new one. 0 W rit e a s h o rt t e x t ( a b o u t 5 0 -1 0 0
1 All the films about Frankenstein have been horror films. w ord s).
2 The film The Fly has been made twice.
3 People were very afraid when they saw The Fly. Pro n u n d a tio n M
4 A survey was done of all the horror films from 1930 to 1980. □ The /ju:/ sound
5 Einstein h a d b ig eyes.
G o t o p a g e 120. 03
6 In B a ck to the Future, Doc doesn't get everything right. ---------------- --------- ---------------
7 In the cartoon, Igor builds a monster who kills people.
 8 I SC IEN C E C O U N TS

D E V E L O P IN G W R IT IN G

H o w t e c h n o lo g y ch a ng e s p e o p le 's liv e s
1 M a tch th e te xts w ith th e lif e -c h a n ging inv e ntions in th e list. T h ere are thre e th a t yo u d o n 't n e e d.

p e n icillin th e a e ro p la n e th e car th e lift th e syrin g e th e w h e e l

I t h i n k i t's v e ry h a rd t o im a g in e C an y o u im a g in e w h a t t h in g s I t h i n k [?] h a s c h a n g e d p e o p l e 's liv e s

w h a t lif e w o u ld b e lik e w it h o u t
[? ]. L if e in t h e c o u n tr y m ig h t n o t
b e t o o d if f e r e n t , b u t in c it i e s i t
c e rt a in ly w o u ld b e .
B e fo r e w e h a d [? ] , p e o p l e h a d t o
w a lk a l o t m ore t h a n t h e y d o n o w
- up a n d d o w n , o f c o urs e , a n d
c a rry in g lo t s o f t h in g s . W it h o u t
i t , w e w o u ld n 't h a v e to w e rs a n d
r e a lly t a l l b u ild in g s lik e y o u se e
in e v e ry c i t y in t h e w o rld . H ow
w o u ld y o u c a rry a ll y o u r s h o p p in g
t o y o u r h o m e i f y o u h a d t o w a lk
up t o t h e f i f t h flo o r? A n d i t
w o u ld n 't b e e a s y t o b u ild p la c e s
lik e a ir p o r t s , e it h e r. H o w w o u ld
p e o p l e go up a n d d o w n in s id e
w it h a ll t h e ir h e a v y s u itc a s e s ?
I t h i n k [? ] is o n e o f t h e m o s t
i m p o r t a n t in v e n t io n s o f a ll tim e .
w o u ld b e lik e i f [? ] d i d n 't e x is t?
E v e ry o n e 's lif e w o u ld b e h a rd e r.
T h e w o rk o f d o c to rs a n d h o s p it a ls
w o u ld b e a l o t m ore d i f f i c u l t , t o o .
I re a d o n c e t h a t t h e d is c o v e ry o f
[? ] w a s a k in d o f a c c id e n t. A lm o s t
a h u n d r e d y e a rs a g o , a s c i e n t is t
in B rit a in fo u n d s o m e th in g
s u rp ris in g in his l a b o r a t o r y a nd
o t h e r p e o p l e d is c o v e r e d h o w
t o t u r n i t i n t o t h i s r e a lly , r e a lly
i m p o r t a n t m e d ic in e . I t h e lp s
p e o p l e w h o a re s ic k fro m m a n y
d if f e r e n t t h in g s , a n d i t's u s e d a ll
o v e r t h e w o rld .
A lo n g tim e a g o , p e o p l e d i d n 't
us e t o h a v e [? ]. N ow lif e is m uch
b e t t e r b e c a u s e w e 'v e g o t i t .
a l o t - a n d n o t a lw a y s in a g o o d w a y.
N ow t h a t w e 'v e g o t i t , p e o p l e f e e l
fr e e r a n d t h e y c a n g o t o a l o t o f
p la c e s m uc h m ore e a s ily . I t u s e d t o
b e v e ry e x p e n s iv e , b u t p ric e s h a v e
g o n e d o w n a l o t in t h e l a s t t w e n t y
o r t h i r t y y e a rs .
I f w e d i d n 't h a v e [? ], t h in g s lik e t h e
fo o d w e e a t in m a n y c o u n tri e s w o u ld
b e d if f e r e n t . B e c a us e o f [? ], n o w y o u
c a n g e t fis h , f r u i t o r o t h e r t h in g s
fro m o n e c o u n tr y t o a n o th e r in a
v e ry s h o rt t im e - a d a y o r Less. So
in B rit a in , f o r e x a m p l e , w e c a n h a v e
fr e s h p in e a p p l e f o r b r e a k f a s t, a nd
t h a t u s e d t o b e im p o s s ib l e .
B u t [?] m a k e s a l o t o f n o is e a nd
cre a t e s p o llu t io n . M a yb e t h in g s w o u ld
b e b e t t e r w it h o u t fr e s h p in e a p p l e o r
h o lid a y s in f a r a w a y c o u n tri e s .

2 Read th e t e x t a gain. Find e x ample s o f ... 3 W rit e a s h ort t e x t a b o u t an in v e ntio n or

dis co v ery th a t y o u th in k is re a lly im p o rt a n t
1 th e s e cond c o n d itio n a l: th in g s w o u ld be very
(1 0 0-1 5 0 w ords).
d iff e re n t,_________________________________
• C hoos e w h a t t o w rit e a b o u t - m a yb e o n e o f th e
o th e r thin gs in E xercise 1? O r th e m o b ile phon e ?
T h e co m p ut e r? T h e camera?
2 use d to: people d id n 't use to have it , • W h a t can yo u can say a b o u t h o w life us e d t o b e
b e fo r e w e h a d this thing?
• W h a t can y o u say a b o u t w h a t life w o u ld b e lik e if
w e still d id n 't ha ve it?
3 com p ara tiv e s: more d iffic u lt.
• W h a t com p arisons can y o u make?

You can tr y to w rit e y o u r t e x t w ith o u t sa ying

w h a t y o u're w ritin g a b o u t. T he n giv e y o u r t e x t to
a p a rtn e r. C an th e y say w h a t y o u r t e x t is a bout?

77
LIS T E N IN G
1 O lH Listen to tw o conversations. Match th em w ith th e corre ct picture.

2 L a i » Listen again and answer th e questions.

C O N V E R S A TI O N 1
0 W hos e vase d id th e girl's bro th e r bre ak? He broke h is frie n d $ m o th e rs vase,
1 W h o d id her bro th e r t e ll a b out th e brok e n vase? ________________________ ___ __
2 W h y w o uld John perh a ps not d o th e same thing? ___________________________________ _

C O N V E R S A TI O N 2
3 W h y is th e girl so happy? ____________________________________
4 W h y isn't th e b o y v ery enthusiastic? --------------------------------------------------------
5 W h a t w o uld h a pp e n if som e on e said, 'It wasn't a go a l1? ____________________________

D IA L O G U E TRAIN T O T i
1 Put th e conversations in th e corre ct ord er. Using crit e ria
C O N V E R S A TI O N 1 1 Look at th e inve ntions on page 77 again. Some
_ A w w w .h e lpyoure nglis h.n e t p e ople were asked which th e y thin k is th e best.
_ A I know - b u t I'm much b e tt e r now! I used to Match th e beginnings and ends o f th e ir answers.
sp e nd hours studyin g at hom e - b u t th e n I
fo u n d a gre at we bsite .
0 It's p e nicillin, because 0
1 It's th e plane, because
7 A Hey, look! I go t 79 p er ce nt in th e English test.
A W h y not? 2 It's th e car, because

__ O h, yes - I know th a t one. I used to use it a lot. 3 It’s th e lift, because

But not any more. 4 It's th e syringe, because
» Because I fo u n d a b e tte r one. A n d look - I go t 5 It's th e wh e el, because
92 p e r ce nt in th e English test!
a you can't give some m edicine s w ith o u t it.
[ | S e v e nty-nin e p e r cent? That's gre at. But you
used to b e re a lly b a d at English. b p e o p le d o n't have to use stairs any more,
c oth er things (like cars) d e p e n d on it.
O h, yes? W h at's it called?
d you d o n't have to walk or use bicycles o r horses
C O N V E R S A TI O N 2 any more.
A So he do e sn't w ork th e re any more? e it helps p e o p le w ho have b a d illnesses,
7 A I can't go o u t to night. I’m w orking on a f it lets p e o p le tra vel all ov er th e world .
pre s e nta tion a b o u t e xp erim e nts on animals.
2 W rite thre e inve ntions or discoveries th a t you
__ A Y our da d? Why?
think may be th e best. Say why.
__ A Y our d a d w ork e d in a la b ora tory like that?
__ Because he used to w ork in a la b ora tory wh ere 1 It's ______________ , b e c a us e________________ 2
th e y te ste d things on animals.
| | No, he le ft a fter a year. N o w he works in a p e t 2 I t ' s ______________ , because
shop - he loves it!
]] Yes, b u t he h ate d it. H e used to com e hom e 3 It's ______________ , because
re ally angry. W e used to ke e p v ery qu ie t!
| | A nim al testing? Really? You should ta lk to my
d a d, the n.
H e lp w it h re a d in g : sc a nning a t e x t
• W h e n y o u scan a t e xt, y o u lo o k f o r sp e cific in form a tio n - a pric e , a ye ar, a pla c e , a na me, e tc. - w ith o u t try in g t o re a d
th e w h o l e t e x t o r u n d e rs t a n d w h a t it's all a b o u t. W h e n y o u scan a t e xt, it ’s im p o rt a n t th a t y o u m ov e y o u r eyes q u ic k ly
d o w n th e pa ge .
• S c anning is a v e ry us e ful t e c h n iq u e if y o u ha ve littl e tim e a v a ila ble a n d o n ly n e e d c ert a in pre cis e in form a tio n fro m a te xt.

T ip : s c a n ning a t e x t
• T o scan a t e x t succe ssfully, y o u firs t o f all n e e d t o k n o w e x a ctly w h a t y o u 'r e lo o k in g for. If, f<
re a d in g a t e x t a b o u t an in v e n tio n a n d w a n t t o fin d o u t w h e n it's fro m , y o u k n o w th a t th e a nsw er v. ill b e a ye ar,
so y o u ’re lo o k in g f o r a n um b er.
• T h e n t r y t o fin d q u ic k ly w h e r e in t h e t e x t th e in form a tio n can b e fo u n d . D o n 't re a d th e t e x t w o rd f o r w o rd -
m ov e y o u r ey es q u ic k ly v e rtic a lly (u p a n d d o w n ) a n d h o riz o n t a lly (across) th e p a g e u n til y o u ’v e fo u n d th e pla c e
in th e t e x t w h e re th e in fo rm a tio n
• O n c e y o u'v e
D o n 't g o t o o fa st n o w - it's

1 L ook a t th e grid to see w h a t in form a tio n is missing. Scan th e t e x t fo r th e missing in form a tio n
a nd c o m ple t e th e grid .

-------------— — — i m___
Y e ar o f b ir t h : 0 J 7 3 A ... Place o f b ir t h : 1

Y e ar he st a rt e d e x p e rim e n tin g w ith ste am e n g in e s :2 _________

Y e ar a nd d a y o f th e w e e k w h e n he b u ilt th e m o d e rn Y e ar he sold his firs t ste am e n g in e :5

ste am e ngin e : 3_ ... . . . ,4

Y e ar he s to p p e d w ork in g : 6 Y e ar he d i e d : 7_________
------—--- ;-----E
----l--------------------------- ------------------------------------

W h e n Ja m e s W a tt w as b o rn in 1 7 3 6 in G reen o ck , O n a Sunday a fte rn o o n in 1 7 6 5 , w hile th e in ventor

E n g la n d , sim ple steam engines w ere alread y used to
pu m p w a te r o u t o f c o a l m in es. T h ese pum ps w eren ’t
invented by W a tt, o f c o u rs e , an d n o b o d y kn ow s w h o
first m ad e th em . H o w ev er, W a tt is usu ally called the
in ven tor o f th e ‘m o d e rn ’ steam engine.
T h e sto ry begins w ith yo u n g W a tt, sitting by the
fireplace in th e little c o tta g e he g rew up in. H e loved .»
w atch in g the ste a m rising fro m his p a re n ts’ boiling tea
k ettle in th eir c o tta g e , an d th is w as th e b eginn ing o f
lifelong fascin atio n w ith steam .
In 1 7 6 3 , som eb od y b ro u g h t him a m odel o f T h e
N e w co m e n ’s steam -p u m p in g engine th a t w as broken
an d d id n ’t w o rk an y m o re. H e asked W a tt if he cou ld
try an d rep air th e m ach in e.
W a tt w as e x c ite d , an d it didn’t tak e h im long to
g et th e m odel go in g. H e w as fascin ated by it, but
so o n n o ticed th a t it w asted a lot o f en ergy b ecau se th e
cylin d er w as used b o th fo r heatin g an d for co o lin g . F o r
w eek s, he ca rrie d o u t lots o f ex p erim en ts.
is go in g fo r a w a lk , he h ad an id ea. H e th o u g h t th a t
he co u ld m ak e the steam engine m u ch m o re p o w erfu l
: m ad e a seco n d co n ta in e r w h ere th e co o lin g cou ld
: p lace an d th e steam cou ld be co n d en sed , w hile the
cylin d er w as k ep t a t th e sam e tem p eratu re all-th e tim e.
T h e n e x t m o rn in g , he built a p ro to ty p e an d w as
very hap py w h en he saw th a t it w o rk ed . W a tt had
invented a m u ch m o re efficient steam engine.
Sh ortly a fte rw a rd s, Ja m e s W a tt an d M a tth e w
B o u lto n s ta rte d a business to g eth er an d beg an selling
: W a tt steam engine in 1 7 7 5 . W a tt’s engines w ere
used in the c o a l m ines, but th ey w ere m u ch b etter th an
ie ones used w h en he w as a boy. H is engines w ere also
used for tra n s p o rta tio n an d in th e te x tile in du stry.
W a tt w as very successful as a b u sin essm an , and
w h en he retired in 1 8 0 0 , h e’d b eco m e a w ealth y m an .
H e died in A u g u st 1 8 1 9 .
 C O N S O L ID A T I O N
LIS T E N IN G 4 C orrect th e sentences.

1 Listen to th e conversation. T ick ( / ) 0 M y sister do e sn't like science, and so d o I.

A, or C. M y s is t e r d o e s n 't lik e scie nce , a n d n e ith e r do /.

1 W h a t is th e w e ath er like as th e y are talking? 1 if I knew th e answer, I to ld you.

2 He's re a d this book, isn’t he?

3 I wish my sister is nicer to me. 4

2 The bo y says th a t spring is alre a dy starting. H ow 4 I wish I can go o u t tonig ht, b u t I've g o t hom e work.
do es he know?

V O C ABULAR Y
5 C omple te th e crossword.

3 W h e re do es th e girl thin k th e y could have a party? V

H
3 4
2I
s
5

6
7 8
2 Listen again. M ark th e sentences T (tru e)
or F (false).
9

0 It's summer. m
1 The bo y w o uld like to stop wint er ha pp ening. □ 10
2 The bo y likes to he ar birds singing.
3 The bo y thinks th e y could have a p a rty at
th e e nd o f th e month.
4 You can g e t tw e n ty p e o p le into th e flat.
5 The girl's pare nts have a big gard e n.
G RAMMAR
3 C omple te th e sentences. Use one word.
D ow n
0 I thin k w e ’re goin g to move l a t e r ... year.
3 I saw this big dog. It was running ... me. I was so
scared.
4 I'll com e and see you th e ... a fter tom orrow .
6 H e’s a little late, b u t he'll b e here ... to o long.
8 W e ’re goin g to ... a DJ fo r th e party.
A cross

0 I go running e v ery morning, and s o __ de es__ my 1 It’s a ... p a rty - it ’s all a b out sport.

frie n d Monica . 2 W h o ... th e tele phon e ?

5 I was scared o f th e d o g so I ran ... from it.
1 I wish you ___ ____ here - b u t you are n’t!
7 She’s a scientist - she d o e s ... into ne w materials
2 W h e n I was young er, I ____________ to thin k th ere
fo r building.
w ere monsters und er my b e d!
9 O ur p a rty is on th e 18th, tw o we eks from . . . .
3 A I re ally d o n't like cold showers.
10 I'm w ritin g a ... list for th e p a rty - I'm inviting lots
____________d o I! o f p e ople !
4 You can’t come? That's a shame. I re ally wish you

80

D IA L O G U E
6 C om ple te th e conv ers ation. Use th e phrases in
th e list.
forg o tt e n a b o u t j In o th e r words, | That's a shame
ro u n d and ro u n d | th a nk goodn e ss | lucky you
W h a t d o yo u re ckon | th ere's n o thin g w ro n g with
H A YL E Y Hi, M a x. Listen, I w a nt to say s orry fo r
y e sterd a y. I d id n 't me an t o g e t angry.
I'm s orry I said thos e things.
MAX O h, th a t's O K , H ayley. I've
0 fo rg o t t e n a b o u t it alre a dy.
HA YLE Y Really? 1__________________ , y o u're O K
w ith it?
MAX Sure. I th in k w e should still b e frie nds.
2___________________ ?
HA YLE Y I th in k th a t's brilli a n t. T hanks! A n d I promis e
1w o n’t spe ak to yo u lik e th a t again.
MAX W e ll, yo u k n o w , 3 __________
g e ttin g a ngry. I me an, it h a pp e ns to
e v eryon e . But som etim e s p e o p le say things
th e y d o n 't re a lly mean.
HA YLE Y Yes, yo u're rig h t o f cours e. A n d hon e stly,
I d o n 't g e t a n gry like th a t v e ry oft e n -
MAX W e ll, 5 __________________! I wish I could
say th e same.
H A YL E Y O h? D o yo u o ft e n g e t angry?
MAX Yeah, I g e t a n gry a lot, a nd I g e t b a d
th o u g h ts t h a t g o 6____________________
insid e my he ad. O h, anyway, let's n o t ta lk
a b o u t th a t. Let's g o g e t som e coffe e .
H A YL E Y I'm s orry , I c a n't. I’v e g o t t o g o hom e.
MAX 7 ... . . But O K , a n oth e r day.
See yo u to m orro w , H ayley.
R E A D IN G
7 Read th e article . M atch th e missing sentences
w ith th e spaces A - E .
0 a nd m e e t t o sp e ak it
1 w h e n S tar Trek in clu d e d th e m
2 in th e 1960s a nd 1970s
3 th e d e e p e st p arts o f o u t e r space
4 pla y e d b y W illia m Sha tn er
U NIT S 7 8c 8
O ne of the greatest successes ever in science fiction
is the TV series Star Trek. The person who got the
idea for the story was Gene Roddenberry, and the very
first episode went on air in 1966. The series features a
spaceship - the Starship Enterprise - that has gone out
into space on a mission to explore [A] and to make contact
with other civilisations. At the time, it was probably the
best science fiction on TV or in the movies, and the series
was remarkable because members of the crew of the
Enterprise included women and people of different races,
something that TV [B] didn't show very often.
Some years after the original series finished, a new series
called Star Trek: The Next Generation was created, with
Patrick Stewart as Jean-Luc Picard, the captain of the
Enterprise - a quite different figure from the original
Captain Kirk, [ ].
Star Trek is about 50 years old, but it still has an incredible
cult following. There are 'Trekkie' conventions in many
places every year. Among the Enterprise's enemies were
the Klingons, from the planet Klingon, and a whole
Klingon language has been developed. People learn it [D],
There are references to the show in many books, plays and
TV programmes. In The Big Bang Theory, for example, some
of the characters know every episode by heart.
And it's also interesting to observe that some things that
were fiction [E] are not fiction any more. Mobile phones
and sliding doors, for example, seemed incredible in the
early episodes, but now they are part of our everyday lives.
0
□
□ W R IT IN G
□ 8 W rit e a s h ort t e x t (a b o ut 120-150 w ords) a b o ut
□ a science fictio n b oo k, film or T V progra mm e
th a t you re a lly lik e or re a lly dislik e . Includ e th e
fo llo w in g inform a tion:
• w h a t th e b o o k / film / T V pro gra m m e is c alle d
• w h a t it is a b o u t
• w h a t you like / dislik e a b o u t it
81