NGEC- Life and Works of Jose Rizal

Learning Module 02
T h e L ife an d W o rks o f Jo se R izal

Learning Packet 02

E l F ilib u sterism o

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 NGEC- Life and Works of Jose Rizal

L e a rn in g P a ck e t 0 2

E l F ilib u steris m o
Introduction

This course packet will discuss the El Filibusterismo. This novel was written in Ghent,
Germany in 1891 and several other languages later. Rizal wrote El Filibusterismo in
dedication to the three martyred priests Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto
Zamora, which was intended to assert his view that their deaths were unfair. In this
novel, the readers can experience deep anger and hatred.

Objectives

At the end of this course packet, students are expected

1. Recognize various characters presented in the novel El Fili

2. Compare and contrast the characters, plot, and theme of the Noli and the EL Fili
3. Value the role of the youth in the development and future of society

Learning Management System

Google Drive
Google Classroom
Google Meet

Duration

 Topic 01: El Filibusterismo = 03 hours (2 hours self-directed learning with

practical exercises and 1 hour assessment)

Delivery Mode

The course packet will be delivered online, both asynchronous and synchronous.

Assessment with Rubrics

Short essay questions will serve as assessment at the end of this course packet. The
rubrics below will be used for checking.

Quality of Writing (5 points)

Expert Accomplished Capable Beginner
5 points 4 points 3 points 1 point

Piece was written in Piece was written in Piece had little style Piece had no style
an extraordinary an interesting style and voice. Give some and voice. Gives no
style and voice. Very and voice, somewhat information but information and very

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 NGEC- Life and Works of Jose Rizal

informative and well poorly organized poorly organized.

organized

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 NGEC- Life and Works of Jose Rizal

Grammar, Usages and Mechanics (5 points)

Expert Accomplished Capable Beginner

5 points 4 points 3 points 1 point

Virtually, no Few spelling and A number of So many spelling,

spelling, punctuation errors spelling, punctuation punctuation and
punctuation or with minor or grammatical grammatical errors
grammatical errors. grammatical errors. errors. that they interfere
with the meaning.

TOTAL = 10 points

Requirement with Rubrics

Character analysis and comparative analysis are provided for activity and assessment,
respectively. Both will use the rubrics below.

Quality of Writing (5 points)

Expert Accomplished Capable Beginner
5 points 4 points 3 points 1 point

Piece was written in Piece was written in Piece had little style Piece had no style
an extraordinary an interesting style and voice. Give some and voice. Gives no
style and voice. Very and voice, somewhat information but information and very
informative and well poorly organized poorly organized.
organized

Grammar, Usages and Mechanics (5 points)

Expert Accomplished Capable Beginner

5 points 4 points 3 points 1 point

Virtually, no Few spelling and A number of So many spelling,

spelling, punctuation errors spelling, punctuation punctuation and
punctuation or with minor or grammatical grammatical errors
grammatical errors. grammatical errors. errors. that they interfere
with the meaning.
TOTAL = 10 points

Readings

Synopsis of "El Filibusterismo"

This novel is a bitter cry of suffering soul. It has little humor, less idealism, and less
romance as what we find in Noli Me Tangere. It is more revolutionary, more tragic than
the first novel.

The hero of El Filibusterismo is a rich jeweler name Simoun. He was Crisostomo Ibarra

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of the Noli, who, with Elias' help, escaped from the pursuing soldiers at Laguna de
Bay, dug up his burried tressure, and fled to Cuba where he became rich and befriended
many Spanish officials. After many years he returns to the Philippines, where he freely
moves around. He is a powerful figure not only because he is rich jeweler, but also
because he is a good friend and adviser of the governor-general.

Outwardly, Simoun is a friend of Spain. However, deep in his heart, he is bitter and
ruthless, secretly cherishing a terrible revenge against the Spain authorities. His two
magnificent obsessions are (1) to rescue Maria Clara from the nunnery of Santa Clara
and (2) to foment a revolution against the hated Spanish masters.

The story of El Filibusterismo begins on board the clumsy, roundish shaped steamer,
Tabo, so appropriately named. This steamer is sailing upstrean the Pasig from Manila
to Laguna de Bay. Among the passengers are Simoun, the rich jeweler; Doña Victorina,
the ridiculously pro-Spanish native woman who is going to Laguna in search of ger
henpecked husband, Tiburcio de Espandaña, who has deserted her; Paulita Gomez, her
beautiful niece; Ben-Zayb (anagram of Ibañez), a Spanish journalist who writes silly
articles about the Filipinos, Padre Sibula. Vice-Rector of the University of Santo
Tomas; Padre Camorra, the parish priest of the town of Tiani; Don Custodio, a pro-
Spanish Filipino holding a high position in the government; Padre Salvi, thin
Franciscan friar and former cura of San Diego; Padre Irene, a kind friar who was a
friend of the Filipino students; Padre Florentino, a retired scholarly and patriotic
Filipino priest; Isagani, a poet nephew of Padre Florentino and a lover of Paulita and
Basilio, son of Sisa and promising medical student, whose medical education is
financed by his patron, Capitan Tiago.

Simoun, a man of wealth and mystery, is a very close friend and confidante of the
Spanish governor-general. Because of his great influence in Malacañan, he was called
the "Brown Cardinal" or the "Black Eminence." By using his wealth and his political
influence, he encourages corruption in the government, promotes the oppression of the
masses, and hastens the moral degradation of the country so that the people may
become desperate and fight. He smuggles arms into the country with the help of a rich
Chinese merchant, Quiroga, who wants very much to be Chinese consul of Manila. His
first attempts to begin the armed uprising did not materialize because at the last hour
he hears the sad news that Maria Clara died in the nunnery. In his agonizing moment
of bereavement, he did not give the signal of the outbreak of hostilities. After a long
time of illness brought about by the bitter loss of Maria Clara, Simoun perfects his plan
to overthrow the government. On the occasion of wedding of Paulita Gomez and
Juanito Pelaez, he gives as wedding gift to them a beautiful lamp. Only he and his
confidential associate, Basilio (Sisa's son who joined his revolutionary cause), know

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that when the wick of this lamp burns lower the nitroglycerine, hidden in its secret
compartment, will explode, destroying the house where the wedding feast is going to
be held and killing of all guests, including the governor-general, the friars, and the
government officials. Simultaneously, all the government buildings in Manila will be
down by Simoun's followers.

As the wedding feast begins, the poet Isagani, who has been rejected by Paulita because
of his liberal ideas, is standing outside the house, watching sorrowfully the merriment
inside. Basilio, his friend, warns him to go away because the lighted lamp will soon
explode.

On hearing the horrible secret of the lamp, Isagani thinks of the danger to his beloved
Paulita. He rushes into the house, seizes the lighted lamp, and hurls it into the river,
where it explodes. The revolutionary plot was thus discovered. Simoun was concerned
by the soldiers, but he escaped. Mortally wounded, and carrying his treasure-chest, he
sought refuge in the home of Padre Florentino by the sea.

The Spanish authorities, however, learn of his presence in the house of Padre
Florentino. Lieutenant Perez of the Guardia Civil informs the priest by letter that he
would come at eight o'clock that night to arrest Simoun. Simoun eluded arrest by taking
poison. As he is dying, he confesses to Padre Florentino, revealing his true identity, his
dastard plan to use his wealth to avenge himself, and his callous aim to destroy his
friends and enemies for personal ambition.

The confession of the dying Simoun is long and painful. It is already night when Padre
Florentino, wiping the sweat from his wrinkled brow, arises and begins to meditate. He
consoles the dying man, saying: "God will forgive you Señor Simoun. He knows that
we are fallible. He has seen that you have suffered, and in ordaining that the
chastisement for your faults should come as death from the very ones you have
instigated to crime, we can see His infinite mercy. He has frustrated your plans one by
one, the best conceived, first by the death of Maria Clara, then by a lack of preparation,
then in some mysterious way, let us bow to His will and render him thanks!" Watching
Simoun die peacefully with a clear conscience and at peace with God, Padre Florentino
murmurs:

"Where are the youth who will consecrate their golden hours, their illusions, and their
enthusiasm to the welfare of their native land? Where are the youth who will
generously pour out their blood to wash away so much shame, so much crime, so much
abomination? Pure and spotless must the victim be that the sacrifice may be acceptable!
Where are you youth, who will embody in yourselves the Virgo of the life that has left

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our veins, the purity of ideas that has been contaminated in our brains, the fire of
enthusiasm that has been quenched in our hearts! We await you, O youth! Come, for
we await you!"

Padre Florentino falls upon his knees and prays for the dead jeweler. He takes the chest
of treasure and throws it into the sea. As the waves close over the sinking chest, he
invokes:

“May nature guard you in her deep abysses among the pearls and corals of her eternal
seas. When for some holy and sublime purpose man may need you, God will in His
wisdom draw you from the bosom of the waves. Meanwhile, there you will not work
woe, you will not distort justice, you will not foment avarice!"

There are other characters in El Filibusterismo. There is Cabesang Tales, who is

dispossessed of his land in Tiani by the friars like that of Rizal’s father. In desperation,
he becomes a bandit chieftain named Matanglawin. His daughter Juli, sweetheart of
Basilio (Sisa’s son), kills herself rather than be dishonored by Padre Camorra. There is
Macaraig, a rich student and leader of the Filipino students in their movement to have
an academy where they could learn Spanish. There is the bigoted Dominican friar -
professor, Padre Millon, who teaches Physician in the University of Santo Tomas
without scientific experiments. One of his students, Placido Penitente from Batangas,
becomes discontented with the poor method of instruction in the university. And there
is Senor Pasta, the old Filipino lawyer who refuses to help the Filipino students in their
petition to the government for educational reforms.

Other character in El Filibusterismo are Tandang Selo, grandfather of Juli and

Cabesang Tales’ father; Mr. American impresario who owned the sideshow of Feria
(fair) of Quiapo exhibiting an Egyptian mummy; Sandoval a Spanish student who
supports the cause of Filipino students to propagate the teaching of Spanish; Pecson,
one of the Filipino students who agitates the teaching of Spanish; Cabesang Andang,
the mother of Placido Penitente; Pepay, the pretty dancer and mistress of Don Custodio;
Padre Fernandez, a good Dominican friar and friend of Isagani; Don Timoteo, the
father of Juanito Pelaez; Tano, the son of Cabesang Tales and brother of Juli; and
Chichoy, the silversmith who made the bridal earrings of Paulita Gomez.

As in the Noli the characters in El Filibusterismo were drawn by Rizal from real life.
For instance, Padre Florentino was Father Leoncio Lopez, Rizal's friend and priest of
Calamba; Isagani, the poet, was Vicente Ilustre, Batangueño friend of Rizal in Madrid
and Paulita Gomez, the girl who loved Isagani but married Juanito Pelaez, was Leonor
Rivera.

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Introduction
Days passed quickly for Rizal in Brussels like flying arrows.
His time was almost consumed in revising and polishing the K ey P oints:
manuscript of El Filibusterismo. He started writing it in
October, 1887, while in in Calamba practicing medicine.  K ey po in t 01
The following year (1888), in London, he made some October, 1887, he
changes in the plot and corrected some chapters already started writing El
Filbusterismo in
written. He wrote more chapters in Paris and Madrid, and Calamba.
finished the manuscript in Biarritz on March 29, 1891. It
March 29, 1891,
took him, therefore, three years to write his second novel.
when the
manuscript was
El Filibusterismo is the second and last completed novel of finished in Biarritz.
Jose Rizal which is also a sequel to "Noli Me Tangere". It
is deeply brooding, at times satirical novel of revenge,  K ey point 02
unfulfilled love, and tragedy. Some of the characters in Noli El Filibusterismo
reappear in El Fili are Juan Crisóstomo Ibarra, who was a sequel to
Noli Me Tangere
disguised as Simoun, Basilio, Father Salvi, Mari Clara,
Capitan Tiago, Doña Victorina de Espadaña, Don Tiburcio,
and Father Florentino. D efinition of Term s:

Filibusterism o, idea
Pre-Assessment of the breaking away
Answer the following questions: of the colony from
1. Why is El Filibusterismo considered one of the most the mother country
influential novels written by Jose Rizal? Filibustero, one who
2. Why was GOMBURZA execution an important aspires for the
event in Rizal’s life? Why did he dedicate the El realization of the
idea of the breaking
Filibusterismo to the three Filipino priests? away of the colony
3. What is the meaning of Filibustero? from the mother
country.
Contextually, means
 Review. subversive,
In the previous learning packet, we discussed the first dissident,
immortal novel written by Jose Rizal, that is, Noli Me revolutionary,
Tangere. seditious,
insurrectionary, and
treacherous.
This learning packet will tackle the 2nd novel written by
S atirical. Containing
Rizal, the El Filibusterismo. This novel is said to be the or using satire (of a
continuation of Noli Me Tangere. person or their
behavior) sarcastic,
critical, and mocking
Why it is said to be the continuing novel is what this another's
learning packet will reveal. Other relevant questions weaknesses.
will also be answered as you go on with the packet.

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 NGEC- Life and Works of Jose Rizal

 Activity.
According to Jose Rizal, he heard for the first time the H azard A lerts:
word filibuster in 1872 when the tragic executions of Do the Activity. To
GOMBURZA took place. He said the word created understand why
panic during that time. His father forbade them to utter Rizal dedicated the
novel to
the word. GOMBURZA.

Search on the meaning attached to the word filibuster

during that time and find out why Rizal’s father forbade
them to utter the word.

 Processing of the Activity.

Answer the following questions as you go on reading
the lesson.
1. Where and when did Rizal start writing the 2nd
novel?
2. When and where did he finish it?
3. Rizal’s problem during the writing and publication
of Noli happened again in El Filibusterismo. What
was it and how was it resolved?
4. Why is the novel entitled El Filibusterismo?
5. Why did Rizal dedicate the novel to GOMBURZA?
Was there any connection between the novel and the
Filipino martyr priests?
6. Compare and contrast Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo.

 Brief Lesson.
Rizal had decided to write a continuation of the Noli Me
Tangere and started right away the writing of the sequel
on the novel. He began writing it in October, 1887,
while practicing medicine in Calamba. The following
year (1888), in London, he made some changes in the
plot and corrected some chapters already written. He
wrote more chapters in Paris and Madrid, and finished
the manuscript in Biarritz on March 29, 1891. It took
him, therefore, three years to write his second novel.

Rizal named the work EI Filibusterismo, a term whose

meaning has changed again and again. According to

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Blumentritt, the word 'filibusterismo' means the idea of

the breaking away of the colony from the mother
country, and 'filibusteros' are accordingly those who
aspire for the realization of this idea.

A few days after establishing himself in Ghent, Rizal

searched for a printing shop that could give him a
lowest quotation for the publication of his novel. At last,
he did find a publisher - F. MEYER-VAN LOO PRESS,
No. 66 Viaanderen Street – who was willing to print his
book on small partial payments. He pawned his jewels
in order to pay the down payment and early partial
payments during the printing of the novel.
Rizal became
Meanwhile, as the printing was going on, Rizal became desperate because
his funds were
desperate because his funds were practically gone and practically gone and
the money, he expected from his friends, did not arrive. the money, he
He had received some money from Basa and 200pesos expected from his
friends, did not arrive.
from Rodriguez Arias for the copies of Morga's book
sold in Manila. But these funds were also used up, and Rizal almost burned
much more were needed to pay the printer. In his the manuscript of El
Filibusterismo.
morbid moments of despair, Rizal almost burned the
manuscript of El Filibusterismo. "Several times," he V alentin V entura,
who was residing in
wrote to Basa, "I am tempted to burn my manuscript;
Paris, heard of Rizal's
but then I think of you. And I know there are many good predicament.
people, many who truly love their country." When Immediately he sent
Rizal the amount
everything seemed lost, help came from an unexpected needed to finish the
source. Valentin Ventura, who was residing in Paris, publication of the
heard of Rizal's predicament. Immediately he sent Rizal book
the amount needed to finish the publication of the book.

On September 18, 1891, El Filibusterismo came off the

September 18, 1891,
press. Rizal, now a very happy man, immediately sent El Filibusterismo
that same day two copies to Hongkong-one for Basa and came off the press.
the other for Sixto Lopez. To his other friend, Ventura,
who kindly lent the money most needed to finish the
printing of the novel, he gratefully gave the original
manuscript of El Filibusterismo and a printed copy with
his autograph.

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Practically all copies of the first edition (Ghent edition)

of El Filibusterismo were placed in wooden boxes and
shipped to Hongkong, but almost all the boxes were
confiscated and the books were lost. So it came to pass
that the book immediately became rare, and the few
available Ghent copies were sold at very high prices,
reaching as high as 400 pesetas per copy.

Symbolisms
Translating the book's title in English language, it
means “The Reign of Greed.” Compared to the book
cover of Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo's cover is
plain, as designed by Jose Rizal. The plain cover
conveys a fresh start for the Philippines and Filipinos
without the trace of symbols from the events and
situations in Noli Me Tangere.

The Author’s Dedication

El Filibusterismo was written in dedication to the three El Filibusterismo was
martyred priests Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and dedicated to the three
Jacinto Zamora, whose deaths left an indelible mark in martyred priests
Mariano Gomez, Jose
his mind. Like Noli Me Tangere, El Fili aims at Burgos, and Jacinto
enlightening the society, at bringing the Filipinos closer Zamora.
to the truth. But whereas in the first novel, we are
encouraged to ask and aspire for change and liberation,
in this novel, the society is urged to open its eyes to
reality and rebel against the Spanish government for its
oppression and abuse.

Never in the annals of mankind has a hero written such

a sublime and touching tribute to other heroes as Rizal.
To straighten historical records, however, we must
rectify Rizal's historical inaccuracies in his dedicatory
note. First of all, the martyrdom of Gomez, Burgos and
Zamora occurred on February 17, 1872-not 28th.
Secondly, Father Gomez was 73 years old- not 85,
Father Burgos was 35 years old- not 30, and Father
Zamora was 37 years old-not 35.

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"Noli" and "El Fili" Compared

The two novels of Rizal--- Noli Me Tangere and El
Noli is romantic novel;
Filibusterismo--are different in many respects, although it is a "work of the
they are written by the same author and are supposed to heart"-- a "book of
feeling"; it has
be dealing with the same story and have the same freshness, color,
characters. The Noli is romantic novel; it is a "work of humor, lightness, and
the heart"-- a "book of feeling"; it has freshness, color, wit.
humor, lightness, and wit. On the other hand, the Fili is El Filibusterismop is a
a political novel, it is a "work of the head" --- a "book if political novel, it is a
thought": it contains bitterness, hatred, pain, violence, "work of the head" ---
a "book if thought": it
and sorrow. contains bitterness,
hatred, pain, violence,
and sorrow.
The friends of Rizal and our Rizalists today differ in
opinion as to which is the superior novel---the Noli or
the Fili. Rizal himself considered the Noli as superior to
the Fili as a novel, thereby agreeing with M. H. del Pilar
who had the same opinion. Retana, Rizal's first Spanish
biographer, also believes that the Noli is superior to the
Fili. However, others--- such as Blumentritt, Graciano
Lopez Jaena, and Dr. Rafael Palma--- are of the opinion
that the Fili is superior to the Noli. Lopez Jaena, in a
letter to Rizal dated October 2, 1891, said: "El
Filibusterismo is a novel superior to your Noli Me
Tangere, as much for its exquisite, delicate, literary
style, its easy and correct dialogue, its clear
phraseology, vigorous and elegant, as for its profound
ideas and sublime thoughts." However, he was not
satisfied fully with the Fili as a political novel because
its "end is not worthy climax to a work so beautiful."
Accordingly, he advised Rizal to write another novel
which would give a definite solution to the country's
problem so that "the coming of the beautiful day of our
redemption" may be hastened.

The issue of which is the superior novel---the Noli or

the El Fili---is purely academic. Both are good novels
from the point of view of history. Both depict with
realistic colors the actual conditions of the Philippines
and the Filipinos during the decadent days of Spanish
rule; both are instrumental in awakening the spirit of

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 NGEC- Life and Works of Jose Rizal

Filipino nationalism; and both are responsible in paving

the ground for the Philippine Revolution that brought
about the downfall of Spain. Neither the Noli nor the
Fili is superior to one another. As Mariano Ponce aptly
told Rizal, after reading the Fili: "It is, indeed, excellent.
I can say nothing of your book, but this: it is really
marvelous like all the brilliant production of your pen.
It is a true twin of the "Noli."

 Enhancement Activity.
Answer this question:
1. What would be the reason why Rizal wrote El
Filibusterismo? Explain.
2. Why is El Filibusterismo considered one of the most
influential novels written by Jose Rizal?

 Generalization.
El Filibusterismo, also known by its English title The
Reign of Greed, is the second novel written by Jose
Rizal and the sequel to Noli Me Tangere. Published in
1891, it continues the Noli's criticisms of the abuses and
corruption perpetrated by the Spanish government. The
novel's title is Spanish for "the subversion", referring to
the characters' actions against the Spanish colonial
government.

 Application.
What is the most important learning gained from
reading El Filibusterismo? And how can you use it in a
real-life situation especially in addressing socio-
political problems in our country?

Learning Packet Discussion Forum

After completing the course packet, please post your
questions or concerns at (link) for further discussion.

Post-Assessment
Answer the following questions:
1. Why is El Filibusterismo considered one of the most
influential novels written by Jose Rizal?
2. Why was GOMBURZA execution an important
event in Rizal’s life? Why did he dedicate the El

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 NGEC- Life and Works of Jose Rizal

Filibusterismo to the three Filipino priests?

3. What is the meaning of Filibustero?

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 NGEC- Life and Works of Jose Rizal

A c tivity S h eet

Choose seven (7) main characters of El Filibusterismo and accomplish the table below.
Use Times New Roman Type and font size is 10. Be guided by the rubrics provided
above.

Name of Characterization in Representation/ Representation/

Characters the Novel Symbolism, during Symbolism at present
Rizal’s time time

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 NGEC- Life and Works of Jose Rizal

A s s es sm e n t

Essay-writing. Answer the following questions. Be guided by the rubrics provided

above.

4. What are the socio-political issues portrayed in El Filibusterismo that are still
evident in present Philippine society? Give five (3) and discuss.

5. Rizal dedicated El Filibusterismo to the three Filipino martyr priests. Connect

the three priests with the novel.

6. Prove:

a. Noli Me Tangere is a romantic novel.

b. El Filibusterismo is a political novel.

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 NGEC- Life and Works of Jose Rizal

A s s ig n m en t

Make a comparative analysis of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo in terms of

plot, theme and characters. Use the template below as answer sheet. Be guided by the
Rubrics provided above.

Bases of Noli Me Tangere El Filibusterismo

Comparison

Theme

Plot

Characters

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 NGEC- Life and Works of Jose Rizal

R efe ren ce s

El Filibusterismo Cover. (n.d.). Retrieved from Unveiling Rizal:

https://unveilingrizal.weebly.com/mystery-of-the-cover.html

El Filibusterismo Reader's Guide. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/302595/el-filibusterismo-by-jose-
rizal/9780143106395/readers-guide/

Kahimyang. (n.d.). Today in Philippine History, September 18, 1891, Dr. Jose
Rizal's El Filibusterismo was published in Ghent, Belgium. Retrieved from
https://kahimyang.com/kauswagan/articles/1276/today-in-philippine-history-
september-18-1891-dr-jose-rizals-el-filibusterismo-was-published-in-ghent-belgium
Sichrovsky, H. (1983). Ferdinand Blumentritt: An Australian Life for the Philippines.
Retrieved from https://www.univie.ac.at/Voelkerkunde/apsis/aufi/rizal/har-fili.htm

G.F. Zaide and S.M. Zaide.2008. JOSE RIZAL: Life, Works and Writings of a
Genius, Writer, Scientist and National Hero. All-Nations Publishing Co., Inc.
Quezon City.

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 NGEC- Life and Works of Jose Rizal

L earn er’s F eed b ack F o rm

Name of Student:
Program :
Year Level : Section :
Faculty :
Schedule :

Learning Packet : Number : Title :

How do you feel about the topic or concept presented?

□ I completely get it. □ I’m struggling.
□ I’ve almost got it. □ I’m lost.

In what particular portion of this learning packet, you feel that you are struggling or
lost?

Did you raise your concern to your instructor? □ Yes □ No

If Yes, what did he/she do to help you?

If No, state your reason?

To further improve this learning packet, what part do you think should be enhanced?

How do you want it to be enhanced?

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