NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

EE-215 Electronic Devices and Circuits

Project Report

Title: Voltage Regulator:

Sr# Members CMS

1. Huzaifa Ahmad 424981

2. Ameer Hamza 412230

Class: BEE 14-A

Submitted to: Sir Qazi Waqas Mohyuddin

Course Instructor: Dr Usman Khan

Introduction:
This project focuses on designing and simulating a voltage regulator circuit that steps down 230V
AC to 6V DC using a bridge rectifier and regulates the voltage to 3.3V using a Zener diode. The
goal is to understand the principles of AC to DC conversion and voltage regulation, and to
demonstrate the practical application of these concepts in a power supply circuit.

Problem Statement:
The need for stable and reliable DC voltage is crucial in many electronic devices and systems.
Fluctuations in input voltage or varying load conditions can adversely affect the performance and
longevity of these devices. This project addresses the issue of converting high-voltage AC to a
stable low-voltage DC, which is essential for powering sensitive electronic components.

Objective:
1. Design a circuit that converts 230V AC to 6V DC.

2. Use a bridge rectifier to convert AC to DC.

3. Implement a filter capacitor to smooth the rectified DC.

4. Use a Zener diode to regulate the output voltage to a stable 3.3V.

5. Simulate the circuit to verify its performance.

Methodology
1. Circuit Design: Design the voltage regulator circuit using standard components such as a
transformer, diodes, capacitor, and Zener diode.

2. Simulation: Use LTspice simulation software to model and analyze the circuit's
performance.
 3. Component Selection: Choose appropriate components based on required voltage and
current ratings.
4.
5. Testing: Simulate the circuit to verify the conversion from 230V AC to 3.3V DC and
validate the stability and regulation of the output voltage.

Resources:
Components:

• Step-down Transformer: 230V AC to 6V AC

• Bridge Rectifier: 4 x 1N4007 diodes

• Filter Capacitor: 1000μF, 25V

• Zener Diode: 3.3V Zener diode

• Resistors: 330Ω (for Zener diode current limiting)

Results:

Schematic:
Hardware:

Conclusion:
The voltage regulator circuit effectively converted 220V AC to a stable 3.3V DC output.

The project demonstrated the practical application of AC to DC conversion and voltage

regulation principles. The Zener diode successfully maintained a steady output voltage,

and the filter capacitor minimized ripple, resulting in a smooth DC output. This project

provides a foundational understanding of designing reliable power supply circuits.

References:

1. https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/ds18007.pdf

2. https://sharvielectronics.com/product/6-0-6v-1a-step-down-center-tapped-transformer/

3. https://byjus.com/physics/bridgerectifier/#:~:text=We%20can%20define%20bridge%20re

ctifiers,a%20direct%20(DC)%20current.