Course

Conclusion

GGY 156
Exam scope:
Population and Political
Lectures 9, 10, and 11 – Population Geography ordering chapters/notes
available on ClickUP
Lecture 12: Economic Geography (Part 1)
Lecture 13: Economic Geography (Part 1) Lecture 12-15 Notes
Lecture 14 : Economic Geography (Part 2)
Lecture 15: Economic Geography (Part 2)
Lecture Notes
Lecture 16 & 17 – Economic Development and Change Development and
Lecture 18 & 19 Political ordering of Space Change

–
Structure of the Paper:

Section A

MCQs (50 marks) 50 multiple-choice questions.

Section B

This section will contain 4 essay questions (15 marks each) from which you
will need to answer only two questions. There can be combination questions.

Exam Total: 80 marks Date: 21 June 2023 Time allocation: 2 and a half
hours (15h00-17h30) Venues: Communicated on your portal
Scope: Population Geography
• describe what is meant by the terms “rates" and “cohort" and how they
relate to the study of demographics
• explain and discuss how crude birth rates are calculated, interpreted, and
the factors that influence it.
• explain and discuss how total fertility rate is calculated and interpreted.
• explain and discuss how crude death rate is calculated and interpreted. You
must also be able to make regional comparisons
• explain and discuss the concept of maternal mortality and how it
influences demography
• explain and discuss the concept of life expectancy and how it influences the
demographics of a country. You must be able to make regional
comparisons
Scope: Population Geography

• define what a population pyramid is and explain how it can

relate to a population that grows rapidly, slowly, or experiences
zero growth
• define and explain the concept of natural increase and doubling
time
• explain how the characteristics of the total fertility rate can
influence population growth
• explain the concept of the demographic transition and relate it
to rates of population growth
• explain how the movement of people, when combined with
natural increase, influences population growth by referring to
the demographic equation
• How the peoples of the world are distributed is another
important aspect that needs to be taken into consideration.
Scope: Population Geography

• The variables used to express population density are discussed and their relative
benefits and weaknesses evaluated.
• Lastly population data and population control measures/theories are introduced and
discussed.
• differentiate between an ecumene and a non‐ecumene and be able to discuss regions
in the world where people prefer to live
• distinguish between arithmetic density, physiological density and agricultural density
and explain how each is calculated
• explain the influence of overpopulation and urbanization on population density
• explain Malthus Theory, neo‐Malthusianism, and Cornucopian theory within the
context of population growth
• identify the different types of population growth curves
• explain the concepts of demographic momentum, ageing population and potential
support ratio
Scope: Development and Change

• explain what is meant by the concept of “development"

• discuss potential causes for the observed differences in development
between countries
• name and describe the different measures of development
• highlight challenges with the different indexes used to measure
development.
• contrast the characteristics of developed and underdeveloped countries
• name and describe the non‐economic indicators of development and
place them within a spatial context
• name and describe the aggregate measures of development and
well‐being, SDG/MDG
• Reasons for underdevelopment
• Theories of development: Rostow, core-periphery and dependency
theory
• Should be able to interpret cartoons in terms of the theories as well
Scope: Political Ordering and Space

• differentiate between the different types of nation and the different types
of state.
• explain the evolution of the modern state.
• name and discuss the geographic characteristics of states (shape, size
and location and the strengths and limitations linked to these)
• name and describe the different types of boundaries used to demarcate
states. (Natural/geometric with examples).
• explain the nature of the different types of border disputes. (positional,
territorial, functional, resource with examples)
• discuss why states cooperate and the different types of political
associations/groupings that are commonly found.
• explain the nature of the districting problem
• Discuss modern day challenges states need to face
• Distinguish between centripetal and centrifugal forces
• Explain the factors that can act as centripetal and centrifugal forces
• Distinction between sun-nationalism and autonomous nationalism
 General Tips: Answering Short Answer
Questions
State your points clearly,
so that each point stands
Read the questions and Unpack the question, if out from the others.
the instructions carefully. need be. (If necessary, start a new
sentence for
each)

Be concise and don’t feel

Do not add fluff to your that you must include
Avoid combining several
answers and waffle to unnecessary information
points into a complex
make it look like you know just to make a short
answer.
more about the topic. answer longer.