NEBOSH

International General
Certificate
Work Equipment Hazards and Risk Control

Instructor:
2015 Mr. Masood Ali Khan
Work Equipment Hazards and Risk Control Slide 2
 4.1
GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS FOR
WORK EQUIPMENT
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 Work Equipment
What is Work Equipment?

“…………any machinery, appliance, apparatus,

tool or installation for use at work”.

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 General Requirements
Types of Work Equipment:
• Air Compressor
• Blast Furnace
• Butcher’s Knife
• Car Ramp
• Check-out Machine
• Projector
• LPG Filling Plant
• Medical Image scanners
• Portable Drill
• Photocopier
• Power Press
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 Types of Work Equipment

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 Suitability for the Task
• INTEGRITY: The equipment should be safe and healthy throughout its design,
construction and adaptation. It should be made in conformity to H&S standards.
• PLACE: Suitable for different environments such as wet or explosive. The
equipment should not cause problem in the workplace.
• USE: Should be suitable for the task used.
• Strength
• Durability
• Power source
• Portability
• Protection
• Range of tasks
• Duration of use

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 Emergency STOP Controls
• Coloured RED
• Position for easy reach, quick use without ambiguity.
• Design for consistent effect.
• Location outside danger zones.
• operation should not cause additional Risk.
• Desired effect can be achieved only by deliberate action.
• Should withstand any foreseeable forces.

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 Principles of Safe Work Equipment
Stability and Lighting
• Fixed equipment should be prevented from moving.
• Systems to be introduced to ensure mobile equipment is operated within its limits of
stability.
• Lighting should be adequate for the task.
Maintenance Operations
• Should not in themselves put employees at risk.
Markings and Warnings
• All controls to be marked.
• Warning signs to be provided.

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 4.2
HAND-HELD TOOLS

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 EXAM QUESTION
Outline control measures to reduce the risks
to workers when using non-powered hand
tools. (8)

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 Hand-held tools
• Hammers
• Files
• Chisels
• Screwdrivers
• Spanners
• Knives

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 Power Tools – Drill Machine Video

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 EXAM QUESTION
A portable electrical drill is being used on a building site.

a) Other than electricity, Identify FOUR hazards

associated with the use of the drill. (4)

b) Outline FOUR precautions that could be taken to

reduce the risk to workers. (4)

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 Hazards of portable power tools
• Electrical drills
• Electrical shock
• Puncture
• Entanglement
• Noise
• dust

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 Hazards of portable power tools
• Sanders
• Electrical shock
• Vibration
• Noise
• Dust
• Trips on trailing cables
• Cuts
• Manual handling of process materials

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 4.3
MACHINERY
HAZARDS
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 Hazards of Machinery
• Mechanical hazards arise from direct interaction of people with the
machine itself.

• Non-mechanical hazards are associated with the use of machines,

often the environment where the machine is located, the materials
used and other aspects of the machine’s operation.

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 Mechanical Hazards

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 Mechanical Hazards
• Entanglement, e.g. rotating drill chuck.
• Friction/abrasion, e.g. moving belt sander.
• Cutting/severing, e.g. circular saw.
• Shearing, e.g. guillotine.
• Stabbing/puncture, e.g. drill bit.
• Impact, e.g. robot arm.
• Crushing, e.g. hydraulic scissor lift.
• Drawing-in and trapping, e.g. counter-rotating rollers.
• Ejection, e.g. nail gun.
• Injury by compressed air or High pressure fluid ejection, e.g. air jet.
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 Entanglement Hazard Video

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 Friction or Abrasion

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 Cutting/Severing Hazard Video

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 Shearing Hazard Video

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 Ejection Hazard Video

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 Impact Hazard Video

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 Crushing Hazard Video

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 Drawing-in and Trapping Hazard Video

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 Non-Mechanical Hazards
• Electrical.
• Hot surfaces/fire
• Noise & Vibration.
• Biological – viral & bacterial.
• High and low temperatures.
• Manual handling.
• Chemicals
• Ergonomic.
• Access.
• Ionising and non-ionising Radiation.
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 Hazards of Particular Equipment
• Office Machinery
- Photocopiers, guillotines and document shredders.
• Manufacturing and Maintenance Machinery
- Abrasive wheels/grinding machines, lathes, robots and presses.
• Agricultural and Horticultural Machinery
- Cylinder mowers, Strimmers and chainsaws.
• Retail Machinery
- Compactors and checkout conveyor systems.
• Construction Machinery
- Cement mixers and circular saws.

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 Chain Saw Operation Video

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 EXAM QUESTION
Q) Outline the hazards and risks to which a worker could be
exposed when cutting down a tree using a petrol driven
chainsaw. (8)

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 Hazards of Chainsaw
• “Kickback” can cause serious injuries or death.
• Falling timber can cause trapping, crushing injuries or death.
• Fire hazard due to petrol.
• Exposure to combustion products from the exhaust.
• Burning from hot motor.
• Awkward posture.
• Secondary Hazards:
• Working at height
• Slips, trips and falls
• Manual handling
• Cuts and splinters.

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 Pedestal Drill Operation Video

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 EXAM QUESTION
a) Identify FOUR mechanical hazards associated with the
use of a pedestal drill. (4)

b) Outline FOUR control measures to reduce the risk of

injury to operators of pedestal drills. (4)

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 Hazards of Pedestal Drill
• Ejection of Chuck-key if not removed when
equipment is started.
• Entanglement.
• Puncture.
• Flying Swarf (waste metal).

Work Equipment Hazards and Risk Control Slide 36

 Precautions for Pedestal Drills
• Drive pulley entanglement prevented by
isolation from power when adjusting speed.
• Check that the chuck-key is removed before
operation.
• Safe System of work.
• PPE.

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 CEMENT MIXERS

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 Cement Mixer Operation Video

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 EXAM QUESTION
a) Identify the hazards associated with the use of a
cement mixer. (4)

b) For the hazards identified above, Outline control

measures that can be used to reduce the risks. (4)

Work Equipment Hazards and Risk Control Slide 40

 Hazards of Cement Mixer
• Exposure to fumes.
• Electricity, particularly as water is used in the mixing
process.
• Risk of fire if fuel is diesel or petrol.
• Slips and trips from spilt materials.
• Shovels & trowels being caught in mixer blades.
• Manual handling.
• Exposure to cement dusts & wet cement.
• Entanglement risks from rotating drum and drive shafts.
Work Equipment Hazards and Risk Control Slide 41
 Precautions for Cement Mixers
• Fixed guards must be provided around drive mechanisms.
• Motor covers closed when in use.
• Warnings for operators.
• Reduced voltage systems.
• Use of residual current circuit breakers.
• Hot parts are allowed to cool before refuelling.
• No smoking.
• Training in manual handling.
• Good housekeeping of spilt materials.
• Avoidance of exposure to dust and fumes.
Work Equipment Hazards and Risk Control Slide 42
 4.4
CONTROL MEASURES FOR
REDUCING RISKS FROM
MACHINERY HAZARDS

Work Equipment Hazards and Risk Control Slide 43

 EXAM QUESTION
Q) Outline FOUR main types of guards and
safeguarding devices that may be used to reduce
the risk of contact with dangerous parts of
machinery. (8)

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 Fixed Enclosing Guard

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 Fixed Guards

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 Interlocking Guards

On/off switch interlock

activator

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 Perimeter Fence Guard

On/off switch interlock

activator

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 Automatic/Sweep Away Guards

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 Self-Adjusting Guards

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 Adjustable Guards

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 Protection Devices
• Trip wands.
• Photoelectric guards.
• Pressure mats.
• Tripwires.
• Two-hand controls.
• Hold-to-run devices.
• Protective appliances:
• Jigs and push sticks.

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 Trip Wand

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 Photoelectric Device

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 Tripwire Device

Suitable Design of Tripwire

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 Two-Hand Control

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 Hold-to-run device

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 Protective Appliances
Jigs and Push Sticks

A Push Stick Being Used on a Wood Thickener

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 The Protection Hierarchy - continued
• Personal Protective Equipment.
• Information, instruction, training & supervision.
• Safe systems of work.
• Permit systems.
• Isolation.

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 Basic Requirements for Guards & Safety Devices
• Compatibility with the process.
• Adequate strength.
• Maintained.
• Allow for maintenance without removal.
• Not increase risk or restrict view.
• Not easily by-passed

Work Equipment Hazards and Risk Control Slide 60

 THE END

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