Preface

Contents

1. Functions 1 - 38
Introduction .................................. 1
1.0 Ordered pairs .................................. 2
1.1 Types of Functions - Definitions .................................. 3
1.2 Inverse Functions and Theorems .................................. 14
1.3 Real valued functions (Domain, Range and Inverse) .................................. 22

2. Mathematical Induction 39 - 54
Introduction .................................. 39
2.1 Principles of mathematical induction & Theorems .................................. 40
2.2 Applications of mathematical induction .................................. 43
2.3 Problems on divisibility .................................. 48

3. Matrices 55 - 130
Introduction .................................. 55
3.1 Types of matrices .................................. 56
3.2 Scalar multiple of a matrix and multiplication of matrices .................................. 61
3.3 Transpose of a matrix .................................. 75
3.4 Determinants .................................. 80
3.5 Adjoint and inverse of a Matrix .................................. 97
3.6 Consistency and Inconsistency of system
of Simultaneous Equations - Rank of a Matrix .................................. 103
3.7 Solution of Simultaneous Linear Equations .................................. 115
4. Addition of Vectors 131 - 164
Introduction .................................. 131
4.1 Vectors as a triad of real numbers, some basic concepts .................................. 132
4.2 Classification (Types) of vectors .................................. 135
4.3 Sum (Addition) of vectors .................................. 136
4.4 Scalar Multiplication of a vector .................................. 139
4.5 Angle between two non-zero vectors .................................. 141
4.6 Linear Combination of Vectors .................................. 145
4.7 Components of a vector in Three Dimensions .................................. 145
4.8 Vector Equations of Line and Plane .................................. 155

5. Product of Vectors 165 - 218

Introduction .................................. 165
5.1 Scalar or dot product of two vectors - Geometrical
interpretation - Orthogonal Projections .................................. 166
5.2 Properties of dot product .................................. 170
5.3 Expression for scalar (dot) product, Angle between two vectors ...................... 171
5.4 Geometrical Vector methods .................................. 171
5.5 Vector equation of a plane - normal form .................................. 174
5.6 Angle between two planes .................................. 175
5.7 Vector product (cross product) of two vectors and properties ........................... 182
5.8 Vector product in (i, j, k) system .................................. 186
5.9 Vector Areas .................................. 187
5.10 Scalar triple product .................................. 196
5.11 Vector equation of a plane - different forms, skew lines,
shortest distance - plane, condition for coplanarity etc. .................................. 200
5.12 Vector triple product - results .................................. 206
6. Trigonometric Ratios upto Transformations 219 - 296

Introduction .................................. 219

6.1 Trigonometric ratios - variation - Graphs and periodicity .................................. 221
6.2 Trigonometric ratios of compound angles .................................. 243
6.3 Trigonometric ratios of multiple and sub-multiple angles .................................. 260
6.4 Sum and product transformations .................................. 274

7. Trigonometric Equations 297 - 318

Introduction .................................. 297

7.1 General solutions of trigonometric equations .................................. 298
7.2 Simple trigonometric equations - solutions .................................. 305

8. Inverse Trigonometric Functions 319 - 352

Introduction .................................. 319

8.1 To reduce a trigonometric function into a bijective function ................................ 320
8.2 Graphs of Inverse trigonometric functions .................................. 322
8.3 Properties of inverse trigonometric functions .................................. 323

9. Hyperbolic Functions 353 - 372

Introduction .................................. 353

9.1 Definitions of Hyperbolic functions, graphs .................................. 354
9.2 Definition of Inverse hyperbolic functions and graphs .................................. 359
9.3 Addition formulas of Hyperbolic functions .................................. 361

10 Properties of Triangles 373 - 408

Introduction .................................. 373
10.1 Relation between the sides and angles of a triangle .................................. 374
10.2 Sine, Cosine and Tangent Rules - Projection Rules .................................. 374
10.3 Half angle formulae and area of a triangle .................................. 378
10.4 Incircle and excircles of a triangle .................................. 392
 Appendix
(No Question is to be set in the IPE, Mathematics - IA from the topics mentioned below)

1. Sets 409 - 414

Introduction .................................. 409
1.1 Set .................................. 409
1.2 Examples .................................. 409
1.3 Representation of a set .................................. 410
1.4 Classification (Types) of sets .................................. 410
1.5 Venn Diagram .................................. 411
1.6 Operations on sets .................................. 412
1.7 Example .................................. 412
1.8 Complement of a set .................................. 413
1.9 Some Properties of operations on sets .................................. 413
1.10 Cardinal number of a set .................................. 414
2. Relations 415 - 416
Introduction .................................. 415
2.1 Cartesian Product of sets .................................. 415
2.2 Relation on sets .................................. 416
3. Sequences and Series 417 - 422
Introduction .................................. 417
3.1 Definition .................................. 417
3.2 Series .................................. 418
4. Mathematical Reasoning 423-436
Introduction .................................. 423
4.1 Definition (Statement) .................................. 424
4.2 Negation, Conjunction and Disjunction .................................. 426
4.3 Implication - conditional and bi-conditional .................................. 431
4.4 Quantifiers .................................. 433
4.5 Validating Statements .................................. 434

Reference Books 437

Syllabus 438 - 441

Model Question Paper 442- 444