a = b (vertically opposite angles)

a = c (corresponding angles)
b = c (alternate angles) a
b + d = 180 (supplementary angles) b
c + d = 180 (complementary angles)
Calculating Angles c d
sum of all angles in a triangle is always 180.
1 Work out the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 and 𝑑.
sum of all angles in a quadrilateral is always 360.

a = 80 (corresponding angles)
b = 80 (corresponding angles)
c = 180 - (45 + 80) => 55
d = 180 - 55 => 125 (exterior angles)

all sides equal => equilateral triangle

2 sides equal => isosceles triangle
90 => right-angled triangle
no sides are equal => scalene triangle
2 Show that 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is an isosceles triangle.
b = 180 - 132 => 48 b c
exterior angles
c = 180 - 114 => 66

a => 180 - (48 + 66) = 180 - 114 = 66 a

a = c, ABC is an isosceles triangles.
3 Work out the values of 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐.
parallel a = 180 - 80 = 100
perpendicular 80
b = 180 - 75 = 105
75
c = 180 - (80 + 75) = 180 - 155 = 25

4 Work out the values of 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐. a = 49 (opposite angles) c + 83

b = 49
c = 180 - (49 + 83) 83
= 180 - 132
Algebra is the language of Geometry. = 48
49
0-90 => acute angle
90 => right angle 49
90-180 => obtuse angle
180-360 => reflex angle
5 This shape has two equal angles.
Work out the value of 𝑥.
y = 360 - 110 = 250

y
50 + 2x + 250 = 360
2x = 60

x = 30

Dr. Albert Thaw the sum of all the "interior" angles in a quadrilateral is 180 1|Page
6 Which of these could be the angles of a quadrilateral?
A 70°, 80°, 90°, 100° B 60°, 80°, 90°, 130° C 50°, 80°, 105°, 125°
340 (no) 360 (yes) 360 (yes)
7 Work out the values of 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧.

x = 95 39
y + 73 + 68 = 180
y = 180 - (68 + 73) = 39 y + 141 = 180
y = 180 - 141 =39
z = 39 + 85 => 124

z + 95 + 68 + 73 = 360

8 Work out the values of 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧.

x = 180 - (90 + 40) = 50

y = 180 - (60 + 90) = 30

z = 180 - (60 + 40) = 100

90 90

9 Work out the value of 𝑎. Explain your method.

b = 75
c = 127
d = 118

a => 360 - (75 + 127 + 118) = 40 b

d
c

10 a. Show that 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐷𝐸 are not parallel. = 180 - (59 + 58)

angle ABC =/= angle CDE = 63 = angle CDE

b. Show that triangles 𝐴𝐵𝐶 and 𝐶𝐷𝐸 have

angles of the same size. 58
58

= 180 - (58 + 63)

= 59
Dr. Albert Thaw 2|Page
Interior Angles of Polygons
1 Work out the sum of the interior angles of a polygon with
a. 4 sides b. 8 sides c. 12 sides
180 x (4 - 2) = 360 180 x 6 = 1080 1800

2 a. Show that the sum of the interior angles of a pentagon is 540°. 180 x (5 - 2) = 540

b. Four of the interior angles of a pentagon is 120°. Work out the fifth angle.
4 interior angles = 480
fifth angle = 60 all sides and "angles" must be equal.
c. Four of the interior angles of a pentagon are 108°. Is it a regular polygon?
Give a reason for your answer. 4 angles = 432
fifth angle = 108
No, because we don't know the length of the sides.

3 A nonagon is a polygon with 9 sides.

a. Work out the sum of the interior angles of a nonagon. 180 x (9 - 2) = 1260

b. Work out the interior angle of a regular nonagon. 1260/9 = 140

4 a. The sum of the interior angles of a polygon is 900°.

How many sides does the polygon have? 180 x (n - 2) = 900
n-2 =5
n=7

b. Marcus says: “I hae drawn a polygon. The sum of the interior angles is 800°.”
Explain why this is impossible. 180 x (n - 2)

The sum must be a multiple of 180. But 800 is not exactly divisible by 180.

5 Look at the diagram. Sofia says:

“There are 6 right angles in this hexagon. So the sum of
the interior angles is 6 × 90° = 540°.”
What mistake has Sofia made? x
She uses exterior angle, instead of interior angle.
270

6 a. Work out the sum of the interior angles in this shape. (7) heptagon
180 x (7 - 2) = 900

b. Work out the value of 𝑥°.

x + 90 + 90 + 90 + 270 + 70 + 240 = 900
x + 850 = 900
x = 900 - 850 = 50

Dr. Albert Thaw 3|Page

7 The interior angles of a pentagon are 𝑥°, (𝑥 + 20)°, (𝑥 + 20)°, (𝑥 + 40)° and (𝑥 + 40)°.
Work out the value of 𝑥. x = 84

180 x (5 - 3) => 540 x + (x + 20) + (x + 20) + (x + 40) + (x + 40) = 540

5x + 120 = 540
5x = 420
x = 84
8 Show that the sum of the interior angles of a polygon could be 1800° but could not be 2000°.
The formula for the sum of all interior angles is 180 (n - 2).

Therefore, 1800 is a multiple of 180.

But 2000 is not a multiple of 180.

9 a. Work out the sum of the interior angles of a decagon.

180 x (10 - 2) = 1440 total => 5 angles = 540
x = 108
b. This diagram shows two regular pentagons and part x x
of another regular shape arranged around a point. y
Show that the third shape is a decagon.
y = 360 - 216 = 144
1 interior angle in a decagon => 1440 / 10 => 144

10 This star has 4 lines of symmetry and rotational symmetry of order 4.

Work out the angle of each point. a a
b = 360 - 120 = 240 Octagon => 180 x (8 - 2) => 1080 b
4a + 4b = 1080 120 b b 120
4a + 960 = 1080 b
4a = 120
a = 30 a 120 a

11 The shape in the centre of this star is a regular polygon.

Work out the angle of each point. a
a
36
e e b
b+d
a+c b
a + b + c + d + e = 180
5a = 180
a = 36 d d c

c
12 Zara says:
“An expression for the sum of the interior angles of a polygon with 𝑛 sides is 90(2𝑛 − 4)°.”
Test this conjecture.

90 (2n - 4) => 90 x 2(n - 2) => 180 (n - 2)

Dr. Albert Thaw 4|Page

THE SUM OF ALL THE EXTERIOR ANGLES IS "360".

THE SUM OF ALL THE INTERIOR ANGLES IS "180 (n - 2)".

interior angle + exterior angle = 180 (for 1 pair)

Exterior Angles of Polygons

1 Work out the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏.

a = 123
x b = 109

y z

2 Work out the exterior angle of TOTAL EXTERIOR ANGLE => 360
a. a square b. an equilateral triangle.
4 exterior angles = 360 3 exterior angles = 360
1 exterior angle = 360 / 4 = 90 1 exterior angle = 360 / 3 = 120

3 This is a parallelogram.
y
Work out the exterior angles.

x = 180 - 74 = 106 x 74
y = 74

4 Work out the value of 𝑎.

a + 60 +70 + 80 + 90 = 360
a + 300 = 360
a = 60

5 All the exterior angles of a pentagon are equal. What size is each angle?
Total (5) exterior angles = 360
1 exterior angle = 360 / 5 = 72

Dr. Albert Thaw 5|Page

 n
6 Work out the number of sides of a regular polygon when the exterior angle is
a. 60° 60 x n (number of sides) = 360 => n = 6 (regular hexagon)

b. 45° n = 8 (regular octagon)

c. 40° n = 9 (regular nonagon)

d. 36° n = 10 (regular decagon)

7 Explain why the exterior angle of a regular polygon could be 10°, 20°, 30° or 40° but could
not be 50°.
The exterior angle of a regular polygon must be a factor of 360. and 50 is not a factor of 360.

8 The interior angle of a regular polygon is 170°. exterior angle = 10

a. Work out the exterior angle.

b. Work out the number of sides. n = 36

180 (n - 2)
9 A square, a regular hexagon and another regular polygon meet at 𝑃.
Work out the number of sides of the other regular polygon.
n = 12 x = 90 x y 90
Total interior angle = 180 x (6 - 2) = 720 z 30
1 interior angle, y = 120
z = 360 - (90 + 120) = 150 30 x n = 360
n = 12
10 Two identical regular polygons meet along 𝐴𝐵.
Work out the number of sides on each polygon. 10 10
36 sides 10 x n = 360 10 10
n = 36

11 𝐴𝐵, 𝐵𝐶 and 𝐶𝐷 are three sides of a regular polygon.

How many sides the polygon have? Justify your answer.
x = 30
30 x n = 360
n = 12

12 Three of the exterior angles of a hexagon are 𝑥° and the other three exterior angles are
(𝑥 + 10)°. Work out the value of 𝑥. 3x + 3(x + 10) = 360
3x + 3x + 30 = 360
6x = 330
x = 55

13 The exterior angles of an octagon are 𝑦°, (𝑦 + 2)°, (𝑦 + 4)°, (𝑦 + 6)°, (𝑦 + 8)°, (𝑦 + 10)°,
(𝑦 + 12)° and (𝑦 + 14)°. Work out the largest interior angle of the octagon.
38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52
8y + 56 = 360 142, 140, 138, 136, 134, 132, 130, 128
8y = 304 Largest exterior angle = 360 - 38 = 142
y = 304 / 8 = 38

Dr. Albert Thaw 6|Page

 opposite to the right angle = hypotenuse (longest side)
Pythagoras’ Theorem 2
a2 = 8 2 + 6
1 Use Pythagoras’ theorem to calculate the length of the hypotenuse of each triangle.
a. b. c.
𝑏 30
5
𝑎 6
12 14 𝑐

8
b = 13 c = 33.1

a^2 = 64 + 36
a^2 = 100
a = 10

2 Calculate the length of the hypotenuse of each triangle. Round each answer to 1 decimal place.
a. b. 𝑏 cm c.
hypotenuse 15.1 cm
𝑎 cm
5 cm 7.2 cm
8 cm 12 cm
𝑐 cm
7 cm
a^2 = 5^2 + 7^2 = 73 c = 16.7
b = 14.4
a = 8.6

3 Calculate the length of each lettered side. 𝑐

a. 48 b. c.
𝑎 8.5
4
50 9
15
𝑏
50^2 = 48^2 + a^2
c^2 = 144
a^2 = 50^2 - 48^2 b = 7.5 c = 12

= 196

a = 14

Dr. Albert Thaw 7|Page

 4 Calculate the missing lengths. Round each answer to 1 decimal place.
a. b. c. 12.4 cm
𝑎 cm 22.9 cm

38 cm 16.2 cm 𝑏 cm 𝑐 cm
14 cm 21.8 cm

a^2 = 38^2 - 14^2 = 1248 b = 16.2

a = 35.3 c = 17.9

5 a. Calcute the length of the diagonal of a square when the length of each side is
i 3 cm ii 5 cm iii 8 cm
x^2 = 3^2 + 3^2 x^2 = 5^2 + 5^2 x^2 = 8^2 + 8^2 = 64 + 64 = 128
x = 25 + 25 = 50 x = 11.3
x^2 = 18 3
x = 4.24 =3 x = 7.07

3
b. Test the conjecture that the diagnoal of a square is always √2 × the length of the side.
a^2 = b^2 + c^2 b^2 = a^2 - c^2
a = hypotenuse

6 The diagram shows the side view of a building. Calculate the length of 𝐴𝐵. B
AB^2 = 3.6^2 + 0.9^2 0.9 m
AB = 3.71 90
A
3.6

2.2 m 2.2 m

3.6 m

7 A badminton court is 6.1 m wide and 13.4 m long.

Calculate the distance from one corner to the opposite corner.

Dr. Albert Thaw 8|Page

8 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is an equilaeral triangle. Each side is 20 cm. Work out 𝐴
a. the height 𝐴𝐷

b. the area of the triangle. 1/2 x base x height

𝐵 𝐷 𝐶

9 a. Work out the length of 𝑃𝑅. hypotenuse = ? 𝑃

13
b. Use your answer to part a to work out the length of 𝑃𝑆.

𝑄 5 𝑅 9 𝑆

10 An A4 sheet of paper is 21.0 cm wide and 29.7 cm long. Find the legth of the longest straight
line you can draw on the paper.

36.4 cm

11 This is a parallelogram. Work out

a. the height of the parallelogram. 30 cm

24 cm
25 cm height

b. the area of the parallelogram.

7 cm 23 cm
720 cm^2

Dr. Albert Thaw 9|Page