CLAUSES

A Presentation for the

English teachers of
Kendriya Vidyalayas

BY
Wilma B. Kumar
 How do we present Clauses .…

• With the sentence?

• Subject and Predicate?
• Phrases and Clauses?
• Main Clause and Subordinate Clause.
• Noun phrases and Noun clauses?
• Adverb phrases and Adverb Clauses?
• Adjective phrases and Adjective clauses?
 What is a Phrase?

A group of words that make some sense,

but not complete sense.

E.g.:
ü I went to the market to buy some bread.
üThe earth revolves around the sun.
 What are CLAUSES?

• A group of words consisting of a

subject and a predicate (with a
finite verb)
• A Clause is a part of a sentence.
E.g.
She has a bag which is made of
leather.
Sentence can be identified as a:

Simple Sentence - Has one clause

only
E.g.
§ The students are learning
grammar.
§ She is the new monitor of this
class.
 Compound Sentence

• Has two or more than two clauses joined by

a coordinating conjunction like:
and, but, yet, still, so. And so, therefore, for,
now, otherwise, either-or, neither...nor, not only...
but also
E.g.
§ The child ran fast and won the race.
§ Hari worked hard but could not score good
marks.
 Complex Sentence
Has one main clause & one or more sub-ordinate
clauses. The latter is dependent on the main
clause for the complete sense & is joined by a
linker.
E.g.
who, which, why, that, when, where, if, whose ,so
that, though, unless, although, even though
 A Complex Sentence can be
divided into:
vMain & Sub ordinate Clause
vSubordinate Clause are further of three
kinds:
Ø Noun
Ø Adjective or Relative
Ø Adverb( is of 8 types)
 Some Complex Sentences:

ØHe who laughs last laughs best.

ØIf you work hard you will succeed.
ØI firmly believe that he will come.
ØI know the man who can do this job
for us.
ØI met him when he was going home.
Types of Phrases & Clauses

qNoun Phrases & Noun Clauses

qAdjective Phrases & Adjective Clauses

qAdverb Phrases & Adverb Clauses

 Noun phrases & Noun Clauses

• She hopes to win • She hopes that she

the first prize. will get the first
prize.
• To win a medal • It was my ambition.
was my ambition. that I shall win a
medal.
• Promise to come • Promise me that you
again. will come again.
 Adjectives & Adjective
Phrases
• My neighbour is a famous man.
• My neighbour is a man of great fame.

• The singer lived in a stone house.

• The singer lived in a house built of stones.

• I like to see a smiling face

• I like to see a face with a smile on it.
Adjective Phrases & Adjective
Clauses
• The Sikh wore a silk turban.
A turban (that was made of silk)
• He is a friendless man.
A man (who has no friends)
• He took the muddy path.
He took the path (that was covered with
mud).
 Adjective Clauses

• Here is the book that you want.

• It is a long lane that has no turning.
• I remember the place where we first met.
• That was the reason why he came late.
• The reason, why he failed, is obvious.
• The boy who sits near me , is my cousin.
• The explanation he gave is not convincing.
 Adverbs & Adverb Phrases

• She wrote carelessly. (How?)

• She wrote in a very careless manner.
• She is coming now. (When?)
• She is coming at this moment.
• You can buy these apples anywhere.
(where?)
• You can buy these apples in any place.
 Adverb Phrases & Adverb
Clauses
They rested at They rested when
sunset.
evening came.
They left when the work
They left after work. was over.
They threw it wherever
They threw it all they found a place.
over.
She sang in a voice
that was melodious
She sang in a
melodious voice.
 Kinds of Adverb Clauses

• TIME • REASON/
• PLACE PURPOSE
• MANNER • RESULT
• CONDITION • MANNER
• COMPARISON
 Adverb Clauses

• You may go whenever you like.

• Because you are late, you missed
the show.
• If you listen, you will
understand.
• If you don’t hurry, you will miss
the train.
• They went where they were invited.
 Adverb Clauses….contd.

• You will find the book where you

kept it.
• He worked so hard that he
stood first in the class.
• He ran as fast as he could.
• You are not as tall as your
brother.
 CLAUSES

Here are a
few
exercises
for you all to
try!!
 Identify the Phrases and
Clauses
• I met her in the market.
• He came on a horse and left by a car.
• This is the house that Jack built.
• My brother lives in the hills.
• He is the man who saved my child.
• She walked with a limp.
• This is the house where I spent my childhood.
• He was lazy , so he failed.
 Identify the Noun Clauses

• I thought that it would be a fine day.

• He begged that his life might be spared.
• I don’t know what he wants.
• I am not sure if he won the prize.
• I went to see what had happened.
• I heard that he was successful.
• Just listen to what I am going to say
 Supply suitable Noun Clauses

• He confessed ………………
• Tell me …………………..
• I know…………………..
• You forget that………….
• I earn………………….
• Can you guess ……………..
• It seems that…………..
 Supply suitable adjective
clauses:
• He is the man………………….
• Any girl………………..will be punished.
• The boy………………won the prize.
• His behaviour is one that………………
• She went away by the flight that………….
• They never do anything ……………..
 Supply suitable Adverb
Clauses
• She spoke so low …………….
• He ran so fast …………………
• He will win ………………….
• I found my books …………….
• We will be late …………….
• I shall not leave…………
 Identify these Clauses!!

• The plan that you propose is a very good one.

• You can leave it wherever you like.
• He gave me everything that I asked for.
• If I like it , I shall buy it.
• He is older than he looks.
• He could not answer the question that I asked
him.