1.

CONSTITUENT POLICY
this policy involves the composition or make up of
government
Constituent policy also includes such matters as
personnel practices and budgetary actions (James E.
Anderson, 2011)
divided into two elements namely structural and
procedural constituents

4. REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICY
2.REGULATORY POLICY This policy involves the process of
According to James E. Anderson (2011), redistribution of wealth and resources to the
regulatory policy imposes restrictions or
limitations on the behavior of individuals and
CHAPTER 5: citizens by managing economy effectively and
efficiently
groups
There are two types of regulatory policies:
CATEGORIES AND According to Robert B. Denhardt and Janet V.
Denhardt (2009), Redistributive policies take
1. Competitive regulatory TYPES OF PUBLIC taxes from certain groups and give them to
-policy generally regulates entry into markets another group.
and may also regulate prices POLICY IN MALAYSIA Affirmative action is another example of a
-e.g: A) Occupational Safety And Health Act 1994 redistributive policy
(OSHA 1994) E.g ; 1)Social Assistance- BPN, BKM, STR
2.The Protective Regulatory 2)Progressive Taxation- Income Tax
-policy protects the public from a perceived 3)National Social Welfare Policy
harm 4)Skim Kumpulan Wang Simpanan
-eg: B) Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Pekerja (KWSP) untuk suri rumah
Management Act 2007 (Act 672) 3. DISTRIBUTIVE POLICY
Distributive policies usually involve using
public funds to assist particular groups,
communities or industries (Anderson, 2015)
The federal government provides direct grants
to state and local government for a variety of
purposes
government often creates public goods that
all citizens can enjoy
Example ; 1)Grants received by Local
Government
2) Pan Borneo Highway Sarawak