REBELS AND THE RAJ: 1857

Revolt and its Representation

Synopsis
The Revolt of 1857, also known as the First War of Indian Independence, was a
watershed moment in Indian history. Triggered by widespread discontent against
British policies, it represented a major upheaval against the colonial regime. The
revolt was catalyzed by the introduction of the Enfield rifle, whose cartridges were
rumoured to be greased with cow and pig fat, offending both Hindu and Muslim
soldiers.

Underlying causes included economic exploitation, social and religious

interference, and political annexations, such as the Doctrine of Lapse. The
rebellion began in Meerut and quickly spread to Delhi, Kanpur, Lucknow, and
other regions, with leaders like Bahadur Shah Zafar, Nana Sahib, Rani Lakshmibai,
and Kunwar Singh playing pivotal roles.

Despite initial successes, the revolt was eventually suppressed by the British
through brutal repressive measures. The aftermath saw significant changes in
British policies, including the dissolution of the East India Company and the
establishment of direct Crown rule over India.

Representations of the revolt have varied, with colonial narratives portraying it as a

mere mutiny, while nationalist historiography views it as a struggle for
independence. Contemporary accounts, historiographical analyses, and cultural
depictions in literature and art reflect these differing perspectives, underscoring the
revolt's complexity and its enduring legacy in India's freedom movement.